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1. Natalizumab treatment shows low cumulative probabilities of confirmed disability worsening to EDSS milestones in the long-term setting

Author

Correale, Jorge, Caride, Alejandro, Deri, Norma H., Ballario, Carlos, Broadley, Simon, Kneebone, Chris, Barnett, Michael, Pollard, John, Hodgkinson, Suzanne, Kermode, Allan, Macdonell, Richard, King, John, Butzkueven, Helmut, Lechner-Scott, Jeannette, Saines, Noel, Slee, Mark, Plummer, Chris, Willekens, Barbara, Vanopdenbosch, Ludo, Belachew, Shibeshih, Phan-Ba, Rémy, Delvaux, Valérie, Bissay, Veronique, Debruyne, Jan, Decoo, Danny, Crols, Roeland, Symons, Anoek, Nagels, Guy, Van Pesch, Vincent, Sindic, Christian, Dubois, Benedicte, Medaer, Robert, D'Hooghe, Marie, Guillaume, Daniel, De Smet, Eric, Seeldrayers, Pierrette, Lysandropoulos, Andreas, Vokaer, Mathieu, Geens, Karine, Willems, Christina, Denayer, Pierre, Bureau, Michel, Retif, Cecile, Dupuis, Michel, Bouquiaux, Olivier, Vanderdonckt, Patrick, van Landegem, William, Caekebeke, Jo, Van Ingelghem, Erwin, Peeters, Katelijne, Gerard, Pascale, de Noordhout, Alain Maertens, Desfontaines, Philippe, Urbain, Etienne, Declercq, Inge, Van Wijmeersch, Bart, Vanroose, Erwin, Wibail, Alain, Barthomolé, Emmanuel, Ursell, Melanie, Sweet, Margaret Elizabeth, Howse, David, Jichici, Draga, Shawush, Melad, Namaka, Mike, Traboulsee, Anthony, Hashimoto, Stan, Lo, Raymond, Marchetti, Paul, Lapierre, Yves, Jacques, Francois, MacLean, Gregg, Bhan, Virender, Duquette, Pierre, Stewart, Bradley, Paulseth, John, Kremenchutzky, Marcelo, Vorobeychik, Galina, O'Connor, Paul, Grand'Maison, François, Havrdova, Eva, Meluzinová, Eva, Valis, Martin, Talab, Radomír, Stourac, Pavel, Zapletalová, Olga, Dufek, Michal, Sládková, Vladimíra, Novotna, Alena, Vancurová, Romana, Lhotaková, Libuse, Fiedler, Jiri, Vachova, Marta, Dolezil, David, Stetkarova, Ivana, Rehankova, Adela, Psenica, Petr, Ulehlova, Veronika, Feketova, Sona, Skoda, Ondrej, Färkkilä, Markus, Taneli, Sarasoja, Koivisto, Keijo, Seppä, Juha Matti, Airas, Laura, Elovaara, Irina, Hartikainen, Päivi, Pirttila, Tuula, Louchart, Pierre, Ille, Olivier, Thenint, Jean philippe, Godet, Etienne, Vioud, Marcel Maillet, Colamarino, Renato, Gugenheim, Michel, Grimaud, Jerome, Kopf, Audrey, Billy, Christophe, Huttin, Bernard, Borsotti, Jean paul, Devos, Philippe, Kendjuo, Jean bertin N, Verier, Albert, Chapuis, Stephane, Daluzeau, Nathalie, Angibaud, Gilles, Uriot, Marie-Sylvie Artaud, Ziegler, François, Sellal, François, Moulignier, Antoine, Lavenu, Isabelle, Ismail, Samir, Devy, Richard, Suceveanu, Manuel, Wagner, Marc, Marcel, Sebastien, Derouiche, Faycal, Mostoufizadehghalamfarsa, Sohrab, Delalande, Sophie, Ruggieri, Irene, Van Nieuwenhuyse, Catherine Bossu, Nifle, Chantal, Ondze, Basile, Vasilescu, Carmen Gurau, Vongsouthi, Cyrille, Coustans, Marc, Anne, Olivier, Amevigbe, Josephine, Servan, Jerome, Merienne, Marc, Eck, Philippe, Berroir, Stephane, Busson, Philippe, Barroso, Bruno, Larrieu, Jean-Marc, Giendaj, Catherine Louvet, Malkoun, Imad, Hautecoeur, Patrick, Kwiatkowski, Arnaud, Pouliquen, Andre, Garrigues, Guillaume, Delerue, Olivier, Giraud, Pierric, Gere, Julien, Vaunaize, Jean, Dereeper, Olivier, Seiller, Nicolas, Alsassa, Roger, Vlaicu, Mihaela, Neuville, Veronique, Faucheux, Jean Marc, Bernady, Patricia, Fanjaud, Guy, Viallet, François, Schroeter, Michael, Schlemilch-Paschen, Sylke, Lange, Thomas, Bohr, Kin-Arno, Jendroska, Klaus, Rehkopf, Elisabeth, Bergmann, Arnfin, Kleinschnitz, Christoph, Postert, Thomas, Scholz, Peter, Mauz, Uwe, Stratmann, Hubert, Siefjediers, Veneta, Prantl, Martin, Gehring, Klaus, Zellner, Ruth, Junge, Kathrin, Zellner, Anton, Bacay, Valerina, Schlegel, Eugen, Polzer, Udo, Strauss, Erik, Link, Andreas, Stenzel, Christoph, Freidel, Matthias, Drews, Joachim, Neudert, Christian, Schmitz, Frank, Jaeger, Joachim, Masri, Said, Heuberger, Wolfgang, Trausch, Beate, Ruhnke, Oliver, Scarel, Serena, Bach, Kathlen, Ernst, Michael, Landefeld, Harald, Richter, Nils, Schmidt, Stephan, Krause, Michaela, Dressel, Alezander, Ruth, Roland, Anvari, Kerstin, Gossling, Jens, Schenk, Christoph, Tiedge, Oliver, Bode, Lutz, Eder, Hans-Thomas, Pfeffer, Oliver, Krug, Reinhard, Lassek, Christoph, Fleischer, Eberhard, Meuth, Sven, Klotz, Luisa Hildegard, Peglau, Ines, Kukowski, Borries, Herting, Birgit, Guthke, Kersten, Schierenbeck, Jurgen, Brockmeier, Bernd, Albrecht, Holger, Wuttke, Matthias, Augspach-Hofmann, Regine, Gunther, Stefan, Redbrake, Martin, Franke, Christian, Buchner, Klaus, Gratz, Thomas, Horn, Rolf, Doemges, Frank, Schreiber, Martin, Brosch, Thomas, Horn, Markus, Kittlitz, Matthias, Vulturius, Gabriele, Hinse, Paul, Malessa, Rolf, Wiehler, Stephan, Katsarava, Zaza, Kastrup, Oliver, Kausch, Ulrich, Gullekes, Martin, Fickinger, Markus, Wenzel, Wilhelm, Botefur, Ingolf C., Reifschneider, Gerd, Rauer, Sebastian, Lang, Michael, Harms, Lutz, Eckhardt, Ulrich, Cursiefen, Simone, Linker, Ralf, Angstwurm, Klemens, Haas, Judith, Schuetze, Ivo, Rohm, Eva, Stienker-Fisse, H., Sailer, Michael, Bohringer, Johannes, Maurer, Mathias, Bause, Eberhard, Wersching, Ronald, Dachsel, Reinhardt, Domke, Sylke, Hoffman, Frank, Tackenberg, Bjorn, Roch, Kerstin, Ziebold, Uwe, Kallmann, Boris, Buehler, Bernhard, Faiss, Judith, Faiss, Juergen, Schimrigk, Sebastian, Menges, Christian, Knop, Karl Christian, Koehler, Wolfgang, Siever, Arno, Bufler, Johannes, Gramsl, Georg, Kuhnler, Benedicta, Maschke, Matthias, Stogbauer, Florian, Staude, Lisa, Bethke, Florian, Bitsch, Andreas, Harmjanz, Arndt D., Windsheimer, Jorg, Kieseier, Bernd C., Berkenfeld, Ralf, Tumani, Hayrettin, Kirsch, Michael, Wildemann, Brigitte, Daniels, Regina, Gottwald, Klaus, Elias, Wolfgang-Gerhard, Hoffmann, Olaf, Schwab, Matthias, Pilz, Christopher, Klostermann, Fabian, Hellwig, Kerstin, Berthele, Achim, Bayas, Antonios, Molitor, Daniel, Grothe, Christoph, Wagner, Bert, Karageorgiou, Klimentini, Mitsikostas, Dimosthenis, Kodounis, Antonios, Plaitakis, Andreas, Papadimitriou, Alexandros, Grigoriadis, Nikolaos, Vlaikidis, Nikolaos, Koutlas, Evaggelos, Kyritsis, Athanassios, Papathanassopoulos, Panagiotis, Makris, Nikolaos, Tavernarakis, Antonios, Scarpini, Elio, Montanari, Enrico, Marrosu, Maria Giovanna, Trojano, Maria, Amato, Maria Pia, Rottoli, Mariarosa, Lugaresi, Alessandra, Florio, Ciro, Gasperini, Claudio, Grimaldi, Luigi, Millefiorini, Enrico, Koudriavtseva, Tatiana, Perla, Franco, Mantegazza, Renato, Bertolotto, Antonio, Ghezzi, Angelo, Aguilar, Sandra Quinones, Eisenberg, Eli Skromne, Lopez, Leondardo Llamas, Estudillo, Rocio Marquez, Schrijver, H.M., Wittebol, M.C., Baart, J.C., van Golde, A.E.L., Hengstman, G.J.D., Pop, P.H.M., Bos (Geldrop), M., Medaer, R., Schyns-Soeterboek, Angelique, van der Zwart, A., van Diepen, A.J.H., Verheul, G.A.M., Verhagen, W.I.M., Bos (Helmond), M., Witjes, R.J.G.M., Sinnige, L.G.F., van Munster, E.Th.L., Sanders, E.A.C.M., van Dijl, Ron, Hupperts, R.M.M., Frequin, S.T.F.M., Visser, L.H., Henselmans, J.M.L., Moll, J.W.B., Midgard, Rune, Myhr, Kjell Morten, Edland, Astrid, Telstad, Wenche, Hognestad, Tone, Lund, Christian, Hovdal, Harald, Kamaljit, Kaur, Schepel, Jan, Hogenesch, Roelfien Ida, Schüler, Stephan, Odeh, Francis, Alstadhaug, Karl B., Korsgaard, Olav, Farbu, Elisabeth, Ingvaldsen, Teis Barclay, Soares (SCO), Diana, Rente, José, Guerra, José Manuel Costa, Morganho, Armando, Leitão, António, de Sá, João, Sá, Maria José, Marques, Pinto, Veloso, Mário, Baptista, Miguel Viana, Szilasiová, Jarmila, Copikova-Cudrakova, Daniela, Prochazkova, Lubica, Klimová, Eleonóra, Donath, Vladimir, Brozman, Miroslav, Ramo, Cristina, Ruiz, Domingo Pérez, Hernández, Carmen Calles, Sola, María Eugenia Marzo, Moro, Roberto Suarez, Vidal, Jose Antonio, Rodríguez, Ana Belén Caminero, Ozaeta, Gisela Martin, Nadal, Jordi Batlle, Esquide, Amaya Alvarez de Arcaya, Urtaza, Javier Olascoaga, Martínez-Yélamos, Sergio, Arbizu, Txomin, Torrenta, Lluis Ramio i, Boggild, Mike, Wilson, Martin, Al-Araji, Adnan, Nicholas, Richard, Harrower, Timothy, Redmond, Ian, Wolf, Tilo, Osei-Bonsu, Michael, Mazibrada, Gordon, Rog, David, Cottrell, David, Constantinescu, Cris, Gray, Orla, Belhag, Mohamed, Shehu, Abdullah, Rashid, Waqar, Duddy, Martin, Kappos, Ludwig, Wiendl, Heinz, Spelman, Tim, Pellegrini, Fabio, Chen, Yi, Dong, Qunming, and Koendgen, Harold

Published
2018
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2. Sialylation of IgG Fc domain impairs complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Author

Quast, Isaak, Keller, Christian W., Maurer, Michael A., Giddens, John P., Tackenberg, Bjorn, Wang, Lai-Xi, Munz, Christian, Nimmerjahn, Falk, Dalakas, Marinos C., and Lunemann, Jan D.

Subjects
Antigen-antibody reactions -- Genetic aspects, Immunoglobulin G -- Properties, Immune response -- Regulation, Health care industry
Abstract

IgG molecules exert both pro- and antiinflammatory effector functions based on the composition of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain glycan. Sialylated IgG Fc domains have antiinflammatory properties that are attributed to their ability to increase the activation threshold of innate effector cells to immune complexes by stimulating the upregulation of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). Here, we report that IgG Fc sialylation of human monoclonal IgG1 molecules impairs their efficacy to induce complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC). Fc sialylation of a CD20-targeting antibody had no impact on antibodydependent cellular cytotoxicity and did not change the affinity of the antibody for activating Fcγ receptors. In contrast, the presence of sialic acid abrogated the increased binding of C1q to Fc-galactosylated IgG1 and resulted in decreased levels of C3b deposition on the cell surface. Similar to monoclonal antibodies, sialic acid inhibited the increased C1q binding to galactosylated Fc fragments in human polyclonal IgG. In sera derived from patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system in which humoral immune responses mediate tissue damage, induction of IgG Fc sialylation was associated with clinical disease remission. Thus, impairment of CDC represents an FcγR- independent mechanism by which Fc-sialylated glycovariants might limit proinflammatory IgG effector functions., Introduction IgG molecules can trigger both pro- and antiinflammatory responses mediated by their fragment crystallizable domain (Fc). Proinflammatory pathways include the activation of innate immune effector cells via cellular receptors [...]

Published
2015
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3. IL-17A secretion by [CD8.sup.+] T cells supports Th17-mediated autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Author

Huber, Magdalena, Heink, Sylvia, Pagenstecher, Axel, Reinhard, Katharina, Ritter, Josephine, Visekruna, Alexander, Guralnik, Anna, Bollig, Nadine, Jeltsch, Katharina, Heinemann, Christina, Wittmann, Eva, Buch, Thorsten, da Costa, Olivia Prazeres, Brustle, Anne, Brenner, Dirk, Mak, Tak W., Mittrucker, Hans-Willi, Tackenberg, Bjorn, Kamradt, Thomas, and Lohoff, Michael

Subjects
T cells -- Physiological aspects, Interleukins -- Health aspects, Encephalomyelitis -- Genetic aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

IL-17-producing [CD8.sup.+] T (Tc17) cells are detectible in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions; however, their contribution to the disease is unknown. To identify functions of Tc17 cells, we induced EAE, a [...]

Published
2013
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4. Sunlight exposure exerts immunomodulatory effects to reduce multiple sclerosis severity

Author

Ostkamp, Patrick, Salmen, Anke, Pignolet, Beatrice, Goerlich, Dennis, Andlauer, Till F. M., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Andreas, Gonzalez-Escamilla, Gabriel, Bucciarelli, Florence, Gennero, Isabelle, Breuer, Johanna, Antony, Gisela, Schneider-Hohendorf, Tilman, Mykicki, Nadine, Bayas, Antonios, Bergh, Florian Then, Bittner, Stefan, Hartung, Hans-Peter, Friese, Manuel A., Linker, Ralf A., Luessi, Felix, Lehmann-Horn, Klaus, Muehlau, Mark, Paul, Friedemann, Stangel, Martin, Tackenberg, Bjorn, Tumani, Hayrettin, Warnke, Clemens, Weber, Frank, Wildemann, Brigitte, Zettl, Uwe K., Ziemann, Ulf, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Kuempfel, Tania, Klotz, Luisa, Meuth, Sven G., Zipp, Frauke, Hemmer, Bernhard, Hohlfeld, Reinhard, Brassat, David, Gold, Ralf, Gross, Catharina C., Lukas, Carsten, Groppa, Sergiu, Loser, Karin, Wiendl, Heinz, Schwab, Nicholas, Ostkamp, Patrick, Salmen, Anke, Pignolet, Beatrice, Goerlich, Dennis, Andlauer, Till F. M., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Andreas, Gonzalez-Escamilla, Gabriel, Bucciarelli, Florence, Gennero, Isabelle, Breuer, Johanna, Antony, Gisela, Schneider-Hohendorf, Tilman, Mykicki, Nadine, Bayas, Antonios, Bergh, Florian Then, Bittner, Stefan, Hartung, Hans-Peter, Friese, Manuel A., Linker, Ralf A., Luessi, Felix, Lehmann-Horn, Klaus, Muehlau, Mark, Paul, Friedemann, Stangel, Martin, Tackenberg, Bjorn, Tumani, Hayrettin, Warnke, Clemens, Weber, Frank, Wildemann, Brigitte, Zettl, Uwe K., Ziemann, Ulf, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Kuempfel, Tania, Klotz, Luisa, Meuth, Sven G., Zipp, Frauke, Hemmer, Bernhard, Hohlfeld, Reinhard, Brassat, David, Gold, Ralf, Gross, Catharina C., Lukas, Carsten, Groppa, Sergiu, Loser, Karin, Wiendl, Heinz, and Schwab, Nicholas

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease risk is associated with reduced sunexposure. This study assessed the relationship between measures of sun exposure (vitamin D [vitD], latitude) and MS severity in the setting of two multicenter cohort studies (n(NationMS) = 946, n(BIONAT) = 990). Additionally, effect-modification by medication and photosensitivity-associated MC1R variants was assessed. High serum vitD was associated with a reduced MS severity score (MSSS), reduced risk for relapses, and lower disability accumulation over time. Low latitude was associated with higher vitD, lower MSSS, fewer gadolinium-enhancing lesions, and lower disability accumulation. The association of latitude with disability was lacking in IFN-beta-treated patients. In carriers of MC1R:rs1805008(T), who reported increased sensitivity toward sunlight, lower latitude was associated with higher MRI activity, whereas for noncarriers there was less MRI activity at lower latitudes. In a further exploratory approach, the effect of ultraviolet (UV)-phototherapy on the transcriptome of immune cells of MS patients was assessed using samples from an earlier study. Phototherapy induced a vitD and type I IFN signature that was most apparent in monocytes but that could also be detected in B and T cells. In summary, our study suggests benefidal effects of sun exposure on established MS, as demonstrated by a correlative network between the three factors: Latitude, vitD, and disease severity. However, sun exposure might be detrimental for photosensitive patients. Furthermore, a direct induction of type I IFNs through sun exposure could be another mechanism of UV-mediated immune-modulation in MS.

Published
2021

5. Impaired inhibitory Fc[gamma]receptor IIB expression on B cells in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Author

Tackenberg, Bjorn, Jelcic, Ilijas, Baerenwaldt, Anne, Oertel, Wolfgang H., Sommer, Norbert, Nimmerjahn, Falk, and Lunemann, Jan D.

Subjects
Autoimmunity -- Research, Immunology -- Research, Polyneuropathies -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

The inhibitory Fc-[gamma] receptor Fc[gamma]RIIB, expressed on myeloid and B cells, has a critical role in the balance of tolerance and autoimmunity, and is required for the antiinflammatory activity of intravenous Ig (IVIG) in various murine disease models. However, the function of Fc[gamma]RIIB and its regulation by IVIG in human autoimmune diseases are less well understood. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is the most common treatable acquired chronic polyneuropathy, and IVIG is widely used as a first-line initial and maintenance treatment. We found that untreated patients with CIDP, compared with demographically matched healthy controls, showed consistently lower Fc[gamma]RIIB expression levels on naive B cells, and failed to up-regulate or to maintain up-regulation of FcyRIIB as B cells progressed from the naive to the memory compartment. Concomitantly, the rare -386C/-120A Fc[gamma]RIIB promoter polymorphism resulting in reduced promoter activity previously associated with autoimmune phenotypes was overrepresented in CIDP. Also, Fc[gamma]RIIB protein expression was up-regulated on monocytes and B cells after clinically effective IVIG therapy. Thus, our results suggest that the inhibitory Fc[gamma]RIIB is impaired at a critical B cell differentiation checkpoint in CIDP, and that modulating Fc[gamma]RIIB expression might be a promising approach to efficiently limit antibody-mediated immunopathology in CIDP. autoimmunity | human | immunology | Fc receptor | CIDP

Published
2009

6. Anti CD20 Therapies and Pregnancy in Neuroimmunological Disorders – A Case Series from Germany (P4.2-094)

Author

Kuempfel, Tania, primary, Thiel, Sandra, additional, Meinl, Ingrid, additional, Bayas, Antonios, additional, Ciplea, Andrea, additional, Hoffmann, Frank, additional, Oy, Ulrich Hofstadt-van, additional, Hoshi, Muna-Miriam, additional, Neubert, Antje, additional, Ringelstein, Marius, additional, Aktas, Orhan, additional, Stoppe, Muriel, additional, Bergh, Florian Then, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, Walter, Annette, additional, Weber, Martin, additional, Gold, Ralf, additional, and Hellwig, Kerstin, additional

Published
2019
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10. Treatment choices and neuropsychological symptoms of a large cohort of early MS

Author

von Bismarck, Olga, Dankowski, Theresa, Ambrosius, Bjeorn, Hessler, Nicole, Antony, Gisela, Ziegler, Andreas, Hoshi, Muna-Miriam, Aly, Lilian, Luessi, Felix, Groppa, Sergiu, Klotz, Luisa, Meuth, Sven G., Tackenberg, Bjorn, Stoppe, Muriel, Bergh, Florian Then, Tumani, Hayrettin, Kuempfel, Tania, Stangel, Martin, Heesen, Christoph, Wildemann, Brigitte, Paul, Friedemann, Bayas, Antonios, Warnke, Clemens, Weber, Frank, Linker, Ralf A., Ziemann, Ulf, Zettl, Uwe K., Zipp, Frauke, Wiendl, Heinz, Hemmer, Bernhard, Gold, Ralf, Salmen, Anke, von Bismarck, Olga, Dankowski, Theresa, Ambrosius, Bjeorn, Hessler, Nicole, Antony, Gisela, Ziegler, Andreas, Hoshi, Muna-Miriam, Aly, Lilian, Luessi, Felix, Groppa, Sergiu, Klotz, Luisa, Meuth, Sven G., Tackenberg, Bjorn, Stoppe, Muriel, Bergh, Florian Then, Tumani, Hayrettin, Kuempfel, Tania, Stangel, Martin, Heesen, Christoph, Wildemann, Brigitte, Paul, Friedemann, Bayas, Antonios, Warnke, Clemens, Weber, Frank, Linker, Ralf A., Ziemann, Ulf, Zettl, Uwe K., Zipp, Frauke, Wiendl, Heinz, Hemmer, Bernhard, Gold, Ralf, and Salmen, Anke

Abstract

Objective To assess clinical characteristics, distribution of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), and neuropsychological symptoms in a large cohort of patients with early-stage MS. Methods The German National MS Cohort is a multicenter prospective longitudinal cohort study that has recruited DMT-naive patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) since 2010. We evaluated their baseline characteristics and the prevalence of neuropsychological symptoms. Results Of 1,124 patients, with a 2.2: 1 female-to-male ratio and median age at onset of 31.71 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26.06-40.33), 44.6% and 55.3% had CIS and RRMS, respectively. The median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at baseline was 1.5 (IQR: 1.0-2.0). A proportion of 67.8% of patients started DMT after a median time of 167.0 days (IQR 90.0-377.5) since the first manifestation. A total of 64.7% and 70.4% of the 762 patients receiving early DMT were classified as CIS and RRMS, respectively. Fatigue, depressive symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction were detected in 36.5%, 33.5%, and 14.7% of patients, respectively. Conclusion Baseline characteristics of this large cohort of patients with early, untreated MS corroborated with other cohorts. Most patients received early DMT within the first year after disease onset, irrespective of a CIS or RRMS diagnosis. Despite the low EDSS score, neuropsychological symptoms affected a relevant proportion of patients.

Published
2018

11. Natalizumab treatment shows low cumulative probabilities of confirmed disability worsening to EDSS milestones in the long-term setting

Author

Trojano, Maria, primary, Butzkueven, Helmut, additional, Kappos, Ludwig, additional, Wiendl, Heinz, additional, Spelman, Tim, additional, Pellegrini, Fabio, additional, Chen, Yi, additional, Dong, Qunming, additional, Koendgen, Harold, additional, Belachew, Shibeshih, additional, Correale, Jorge, additional, Caride, Alejandro, additional, Deri, Norma H., additional, Ballario, Carlos, additional, Broadley, Simon, additional, Kneebone, Chris, additional, Barnett, Michael, additional, Pollard, John, additional, Hodgkinson, Suzanne, additional, Kermode, Allan, additional, Macdonell, Richard, additional, King, John, additional, Lechner-Scott, Jeannette, additional, Saines, Noel, additional, Slee, Mark, additional, Plummer, Chris, additional, Willekens, Barbara, additional, Vanopdenbosch, Ludo, additional, Phan-Ba, Rémy, additional, Delvaux, Valérie, additional, Bissay, Veronique, additional, Debruyne, Jan, additional, Decoo, Danny, additional, Crols, Roeland, additional, Symons, Anoek, additional, Nagels, Guy, additional, Van Pesch, Vincent, additional, Sindic, Christian, additional, Dubois, Benedicte, additional, Medaer, Robert, additional, D'Hooghe, Marie, additional, Guillaume, Daniel, additional, De Smet, Eric, additional, Seeldrayers, Pierrette, additional, Lysandropoulos, Andreas, additional, Vokaer, Mathieu, additional, Geens, Karine, additional, Willems, Christina, additional, Denayer, Pierre, additional, Bureau, Michel, additional, Retif, Cecile, additional, Dupuis, Michel, additional, Bouquiaux, Olivier, additional, Vanderdonckt, Patrick, additional, van Landegem, William, additional, Caekebeke, Jo, additional, Van Ingelghem, Erwin, additional, Peeters, Katelijne, additional, Gerard, Pascale, additional, de Noordhout, Alain Maertens, additional, Desfontaines, Philippe, additional, Urbain, Etienne, additional, Declercq, Inge, additional, Van Wijmeersch, Bart, additional, Vanroose, Erwin, additional, Wibail, Alain, additional, Barthomolé, Emmanuel, additional, Ursell, Melanie, additional, Sweet, Margaret Elizabeth, additional, Howse, David, additional, Jichici, Draga, additional, Shawush, Melad, additional, Namaka, Mike, additional, Traboulsee, Anthony, additional, Hashimoto, Stan, additional, Lo, Raymond, additional, Marchetti, Paul, additional, Lapierre, Yves, additional, Jacques, Francois, additional, MacLean, Gregg, additional, Bhan, Virender, additional, Duquette, Pierre, additional, Stewart, Bradley, additional, Paulseth, John, additional, Kremenchutzky, Marcelo, additional, Vorobeychik, Galina, additional, O'Connor, Paul, additional, Grand'Maison, François, additional, Havrdova, Eva, additional, Meluzinová, Eva, additional, Valis, Martin, additional, Talab, Radomír, additional, Stourac, Pavel, additional, Zapletalová, Olga, additional, Dufek, Michal, additional, Sládková, Vladimíra, additional, Novotna, Alena, additional, Vancurová, Romana, additional, Lhotaková, Libuse, additional, Fiedler, Jiri, additional, Vachova, Marta, additional, Dolezil, David, additional, Stetkarova, Ivana, additional, Rehankova, Adela, additional, Psenica, Petr, additional, Ulehlova, Veronika, additional, Feketova, Sona, additional, Skoda, Ondrej, additional, Färkkilä, Markus, additional, Taneli, Sarasoja, additional, Koivisto, Keijo, additional, Seppä, Juha Matti, additional, Airas, Laura, additional, Elovaara, Irina, additional, Hartikainen, Päivi, additional, Pirttila, Tuula, additional, Louchart, Pierre, additional, Ille, Olivier, additional, Thenint, Jean philippe, additional, Godet, Etienne, additional, Vioud, Marcel Maillet, additional, Colamarino, Renato, additional, Gugenheim, Michel, additional, Grimaud, Jerome, additional, Kopf, Audrey, additional, Billy, Christophe, additional, Huttin, Bernard, additional, Borsotti, Jean paul, additional, Devos, Philippe, additional, Kendjuo, Jean bertin N, additional, Verier, Albert, additional, Chapuis, Stephane, additional, Daluzeau, Nathalie, additional, Angibaud, Gilles, additional, Uriot, Marie-Sylvie Artaud, additional, Ziegler, François, additional, Sellal, François, additional, Moulignier, Antoine, additional, Lavenu, Isabelle, additional, Ismail, Samir, additional, Devy, Richard, additional, Suceveanu, Manuel, additional, Wagner, Marc, additional, Marcel, Sebastien, additional, Derouiche, Faycal, additional, Mostoufizadehghalamfarsa, Sohrab, additional, Delalande, Sophie, additional, Ruggieri, Irene, additional, Van Nieuwenhuyse, Catherine Bossu, additional, Nifle, Chantal, additional, Ondze, Basile, additional, Vasilescu, Carmen Gurau, additional, Vongsouthi, Cyrille, additional, Coustans, Marc, additional, Anne, Olivier, additional, Amevigbe, Josephine, additional, Servan, Jerome, additional, Merienne, Marc, additional, Eck, Philippe, additional, Berroir, Stephane, additional, Busson, Philippe, additional, Barroso, Bruno, additional, Larrieu, Jean-Marc, additional, Giendaj, Catherine Louvet, additional, Malkoun, Imad, additional, Hautecoeur, Patrick, additional, Kwiatkowski, Arnaud, additional, Pouliquen, Andre, additional, Garrigues, Guillaume, additional, Delerue, Olivier, additional, Giraud, Pierric, additional, Gere, Julien, additional, Vaunaize, Jean, additional, Dereeper, Olivier, additional, Seiller, Nicolas, additional, Alsassa, Roger, additional, Vlaicu, Mihaela, additional, Neuville, Veronique, additional, Faucheux, Jean Marc, additional, Bernady, Patricia, additional, Fanjaud, Guy, additional, Viallet, François, additional, Schroeter, Michael, additional, Schlemilch-Paschen, Sylke, additional, Lange, Thomas, additional, Bohr, Kin-Arno, additional, Jendroska, Klaus, additional, Rehkopf, Elisabeth, additional, Bergmann, Arnfin, additional, Kleinschnitz, Christoph, additional, Postert, Thomas, additional, Scholz, Peter, additional, Mauz, Uwe, additional, Stratmann, Hubert, additional, Siefjediers, Veneta, additional, Prantl, Martin, additional, Gehring, Klaus, additional, Zellner, Ruth, additional, Junge, Kathrin, additional, Zellner, Anton, additional, Bacay, Valerina, additional, Schlegel, Eugen, additional, Polzer, Udo, additional, Strauss, Erik, additional, Link, Andreas, additional, Stenzel, Christoph, additional, Freidel, Matthias, additional, Drews, Joachim, additional, Neudert, Christian, additional, Schmitz, Frank, additional, Jaeger, Joachim, additional, Masri, Said, additional, Heuberger, Wolfgang, additional, Trausch, Beate, additional, Ruhnke, Oliver, additional, Scarel, Serena, additional, Bach, Kathlen, additional, Ernst, Michael, additional, Landefeld, Harald, additional, Richter, Nils, additional, Schmidt, Stephan, additional, Krause, Michaela, additional, Dressel, Alezander, additional, Ruth, Roland, additional, Anvari, Kerstin, additional, Gossling, Jens, additional, Schenk, Christoph, additional, Tiedge, Oliver, additional, Bode, Lutz, additional, Eder, Hans-Thomas, additional, Pfeffer, Oliver, additional, Krug, Reinhard, additional, Lassek, Christoph, additional, Fleischer, Eberhard, additional, Meuth, Sven, additional, Klotz, Luisa Hildegard, additional, Peglau, Ines, additional, Kukowski, Borries, additional, Herting, Birgit, additional, Guthke, Kersten, additional, Schierenbeck, Jurgen, additional, Brockmeier, Bernd, additional, Albrecht, Holger, additional, Wuttke, Matthias, additional, Augspach-Hofmann, Regine, additional, Gunther, Stefan, additional, Redbrake, Martin, additional, Franke, Christian, additional, Buchner, Klaus, additional, Gratz, Thomas, additional, Horn, Rolf, additional, Doemges, Frank, additional, Schreiber, Martin, additional, Brosch, Thomas, additional, Horn, Markus, additional, Kittlitz, Matthias, additional, Vulturius, Gabriele, additional, Hinse, Paul, additional, Malessa, Rolf, additional, Wiehler, Stephan, additional, Katsarava, Zaza, additional, Kastrup, Oliver, additional, Kausch, Ulrich, additional, Gullekes, Martin, additional, Fickinger, Markus, additional, Wenzel, Wilhelm, additional, Botefur, Ingolf C., additional, Reifschneider, Gerd, additional, Rauer, Sebastian, additional, Lang, Michael, additional, Harms, Lutz, additional, Eckhardt, Ulrich, additional, Cursiefen, Simone, additional, Linker, Ralf, additional, Angstwurm, Klemens, additional, Haas, Judith, additional, Schuetze, Ivo, additional, Rohm, Eva, additional, Stienker-Fisse, H., additional, Sailer, Michael, additional, Bohringer, Johannes, additional, Maurer, Mathias, additional, Bause, Eberhard, additional, Wersching, Ronald, additional, Dachsel, Reinhardt, additional, Domke, Sylke, additional, Hoffman, Frank, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, Roch, Kerstin, additional, Ziebold, Uwe, additional, Kallmann, Boris, additional, Buehler, Bernhard, additional, Faiss, Judith, additional, Faiss, Juergen, additional, Schimrigk, Sebastian, additional, Menges, Christian, additional, Knop, Karl Christian, additional, Koehler, Wolfgang, additional, Siever, Arno, additional, Bufler, Johannes, additional, Gramsl, Georg, additional, Kuhnler, Benedicta, additional, Maschke, Matthias, additional, Stogbauer, Florian, additional, Staude, Lisa, additional, Bethke, Florian, additional, Bitsch, Andreas, additional, Harmjanz, Arndt D., additional, Windsheimer, Jorg, additional, Kieseier, Bernd C., additional, Berkenfeld, Ralf, additional, Tumani, Hayrettin, additional, Kirsch, Michael, additional, Wildemann, Brigitte, additional, Daniels, Regina, additional, Gottwald, Klaus, additional, Elias, Wolfgang-Gerhard, additional, Hoffmann, Olaf, additional, Schwab, Matthias, additional, Pilz, Christopher, additional, Klostermann, Fabian, additional, Hellwig, Kerstin, additional, Berthele, Achim, additional, Bayas, Antonios, additional, Molitor, Daniel, additional, Grothe, Christoph, additional, Wagner, Bert, additional, Karageorgiou, Klimentini, additional, Mitsikostas, Dimosthenis, additional, Kodounis, Antonios, additional, Plaitakis, Andreas, additional, Papadimitriou, Alexandros, additional, Grigoriadis, Nikolaos, additional, Vlaikidis, Nikolaos, additional, Koutlas, Evaggelos, additional, Kyritsis, Athanassios, additional, Papathanassopoulos, Panagiotis, additional, Makris, Nikolaos, additional, Tavernarakis, Antonios, additional, Scarpini, Elio, additional, Montanari, Enrico, additional, Marrosu, Maria Giovanna, additional, Trojano, Maria, additional, Amato, Maria Pia, additional, Rottoli, Mariarosa, additional, Lugaresi, Alessandra, additional, Florio, Ciro, additional, Gasperini, Claudio, additional, Grimaldi, Luigi, additional, Millefiorini, Enrico, additional, Koudriavtseva, Tatiana, additional, Perla, Franco, additional, Mantegazza, Renato, additional, Bertolotto, Antonio, additional, Ghezzi, Angelo, additional, Aguilar, Sandra Quinones, additional, Eisenberg, Eli Skromne, additional, Lopez, Leondardo Llamas, additional, Estudillo, Rocio Marquez, additional, Schrijver, H.M., additional, Wittebol, M.C., additional, Baart, J.C., additional, van Golde, A.E.L., additional, Hengstman, G.J.D., additional, Pop, P.H.M., additional, Bos (Geldrop), M., additional, Medaer, R., additional, Schyns-Soeterboek, Angelique, additional, van der Zwart, A., additional, van Diepen, A.J.H., additional, Verheul, G.A.M., additional, Verhagen, W.I.M., additional, Bos (Helmond), M., additional, Witjes, R.J.G.M., additional, Sinnige, L.G.F., additional, van Munster, E.Th.L., additional, Sanders, E.A.C.M., additional, van Dijl, Ron, additional, Hupperts, R.M.M., additional, Frequin, S.T.F.M., additional, Visser, L.H., additional, Henselmans, J.M.L., additional, Moll, J.W.B., additional, Midgard, Rune, additional, Myhr, Kjell Morten, additional, Edland, Astrid, additional, Telstad, Wenche, additional, Hognestad, Tone, additional, Lund, Christian, additional, Hovdal, Harald, additional, Kamaljit, Kaur, additional, Schepel, Jan, additional, Hogenesch, Roelfien Ida, additional, Schüler, Stephan, additional, Odeh, Francis, additional, Alstadhaug, Karl B., additional, Korsgaard, Olav, additional, Farbu, Elisabeth, additional, Ingvaldsen, Teis Barclay, additional, Soares (SCO), Diana, additional, Rente, José, additional, Guerra, José Manuel Costa, additional, Morganho, Armando, additional, Leitão, António, additional, de Sá, João, additional, Sá, Maria José, additional, Marques, Pinto, additional, Veloso, Mário, additional, Baptista, Miguel Viana, additional, Szilasiová, Jarmila, additional, Copikova-Cudrakova, Daniela, additional, Prochazkova, Lubica, additional, Klimová, Eleonóra, additional, Donath, Vladimir, additional, Brozman, Miroslav, additional, Ramo, Cristina, additional, Ruiz, Domingo Pérez, additional, Hernández, Carmen Calles, additional, Sola, María Eugenia Marzo, additional, Moro, Roberto Suarez, additional, Vidal, Jose Antonio, additional, Rodríguez, Ana Belén Caminero, additional, Ozaeta, Gisela Martin, additional, Nadal, Jordi Batlle, additional, Esquide, Amaya Alvarez de Arcaya, additional, Urtaza, Javier Olascoaga, additional, Martínez-Yélamos, Sergio, additional, Arbizu, Txomin, additional, Torrenta, Lluis Ramio i, additional, Boggild, Mike, additional, Wilson, Martin, additional, Al-Araji, Adnan, additional, Nicholas, Richard, additional, Harrower, Timothy, additional, Redmond, Ian, additional, Wolf, Tilo, additional, Osei-Bonsu, Michael, additional, Mazibrada, Gordon, additional, Rog, David, additional, Cottrell, David, additional, Constantinescu, Cris, additional, Gray, Orla, additional, Belhag, Mohamed, additional, Shehu, Abdullah, additional, Rashid, Waqar, additional, and Duddy, Martin, additional

Published
2018
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12. 046 Efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) IGPRO10 in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)

Author

Sabet, Arman, primary, Mielke, Orell, additional, Schaik, Ivo N van, additional, Leger, Jean-Marc, additional, Bril, Vera, additional, Gloven, Nan van, additional, Hartung, Hans Peter, additional, Lewis, Richard A, additional, Sobue, Gen, additional, Lawo, John-Philip, additional, Durn, Billie L, additional, Cornblath, David R, additional, Bleecker, Jan LDe, additional, Sommer, Claudia, additional, Robberecht, Wim, additional, Saarela, Mika, additional, Kamienowski, Jerzy, additional, Stelmasiak, Zbigniew, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, and Merkies, Ingemar SJ, additional

Published
2018
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14. Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) IgPro10 in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP): the PRIMA and PATH studies (P1.153)

Author

Mielke, Orell, primary, van Schaik, Ivo N., additional, Leger, Jean-Marc, additional, Bril, Vera, additional, van Geloven, Nan, additional, Hartung, Hans-Peter, additional, Lewis, Richard A., additional, Sobue, Gen, additional, Lawo, John-Philip, additional, Durn, Billie, additional, De Bleecker, Jan, additional, Cornblath, David R., additional, Sommer, Claudia, additional, Robberecht, Wim, additional, Saarela, Mika, additional, Kamienowski, Jerzy, additional, Stelmasiak, Zbigniew, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, and Merkies, Ingemar S. J., additional

Published
2018
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15. The Multiple Sclerosis Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) patient cohort (P4.381)

Author

Bermel, Robert, primary, Mowry, Ellen M., additional, Krupp, Lauren, additional, Jones, Stephen, additional, Naismith, Robert, additional, Boster, Aaron, additional, Hyland, Megan, additional, Izbudak, Izlem, additional, Lui, Yvonne W., additional, Hersh, Carrie, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, Tintore, Mar, additional, Rovira, Alex, additional, Montalban, Xavier, additional, Kitzler, Hagen H., additional, Ziemssen, Tjalf, additional, Jung, Eunice, additional, Plavina, Tatiana, additional, de Moor, Carl, additional, Fisher, Elizabeth, additional, Kieseier, Bernd C., additional, Pandya, Himanshu, additional, Williams, James R., additional, and Rudick, Richard A., additional

Published
2018
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16. 5 years effectiveness of fingolimod in daily clinical practice: results of the non-interventional study PANGAEA documenting RRMS patients treated with fingolimod in Germany (P6.345)

Author

Ziemssen, Tjalf, primary, Albrecht, Holger, additional, Haas, Judith, additional, Klotz, Luisa, additional, Lang, Michael, additional, Lassek, Chrstoph, additional, Schmidt, Stephan, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, and Cornelissen, Christian, additional

Published
2017
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17. 5 years safety of fingolimod in real world: First results from PANGAEA, a non-interventional study of RRMS patients treated with fingolimod, on safety and adherence after 5 years of fingolimod in daily clinical practice (P5.365)

Author

Ziemssen, Tjalf, primary, Albrecht, Holger, additional, Haas, Judith, additional, Klotz, Luisa, additional, Lang, Michael, additional, Lassek, Chrstoph, additional, Schmidt, Stephan, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, and Cornelissen, Christian, additional

Published
2017
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18. 4 Years PANGAEA: A 5-Year Non-Interventional Study of Safety, Effectiveness and Pharmacoeconomic Data for Fingolimod Patients in Daily Clinical Practice - Effectiveness Update (P3.072)

Author

Cornelissen, Christian, primary, Albrecht, Holger, additional, Haas, Judith, additional, Klotz, Luisa, additional, Lang, Michael, additional, Lassek, Chrstoph, additional, Schmidt, Stephan, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, and Ziemssen, Tjalf, additional

Published
2016
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19. TRUST - A Study to Evaluate an Integrated Approach for Optimized Patient Management in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Natalizumab - First Analysis of Baseline Data (P2.147)

Author

Hartung, Hans-Peter, primary, Gass, Achim, additional, Limmroth, Volker, additional, Bayas, Antonios, additional, Haas, Judith, additional, Linker, Ralf, additional, Maurer, Mathias, additional, Stangel, Martin, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, Wuerfel, Jens, additional, Meergans, Matthias, additional, Harlin, Olof, additional, and Ziemssen, Tjalf, additional

Published
2016
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21. Novel Multiple Sclerosis Genetic Risk Factors Are Involved in Epigenetic Regulation (S37.006)

Author

Buck, Dorothea, primary, Andlauer, Till, additional, Bayas, Antonios, additional, Berger, Klaus, additional, Berthele, Achim, additional, Binder, Elisabeth, additional, Dankwoski, Theresa, additional, Franke, Andre, additional, Gold, Ralf, additional, Herms, Stefan, additional, Homuth, Georg, additional, Joeckel, Karl-Heinz, additional, Kacprowski, Tim, additional, Kieseier, Bernd, additional, Kuempfel, Tania, additional, Laudes, Matthias, additional, Lieb, Wolfgang, additional, Limmroth, Volker, additional, Linker, Ralf, additional, Moebus, Susanne, additional, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, additional, Mulas, Antonella, additional, Noethen, Markus, additional, Paul, Friedemann, additional, Stangel, Martin, additional, Stellmann, Jan-Patrick, additional, Strauch, Konstantin, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, Then Bergh, Florian, additional, Tumani, Hayrettin, additional, Weber, Frank, additional, Weber, Peter, additional, Wiendl, Heinz, additional, Wildemann, Brigitte, additional, Zettl, Uwe, additional, Ziegler, Andreas, additional, Ziemann, Ulf, additional, Zipp, Frauke, additional, Cucca, Francesco, additional, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, and Hemmer, Bernhard, additional

Published
2016
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22. Baseline Results of the Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study in Clinically Isolated Syndromes and Early Multiple Sclerosis of the German Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis and Monocentric Subgroup Analysis of Neuropsychological Findings (P1.392)

Author

von Bismarck, Olga, primary, Gisela, Antony, additional, Ziegler, Andreas, additional, Zipp, Frauke, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, Then Bergh, Florian, additional, Tumani, Hayrettin, additional, Kuempfel, Tania, additional, Stangel, Martin, additional, Heesen, Christoph, additional, Wildemann, Brigitte, additional, Paul, Friedemann, additional, Bayas, Antonios, additional, Warnke, Clemens, additional, Weber, Frank, additional, Linker, Ralf, additional, Ziemann, Ulf, additional, Zettl, Uwe, additional, Limmroth, Volker, additional, Chan, Andrew, additional, Wiendl, Heinz, additional, Hemmer, Bernhard, additional, Gold, Ralf, additional, and Salmen, Anke, additional

Published
2016
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23. 4 Years Safety of Fingolimod in Real World: PANGAEA, a Non-Interventional Study of Safety, Effectiveness and Pharmacoeconomic Data for Fingolimod Patients in Daily Clinical Practice (P2.077)

Author

Ziemssen, Tjalf, primary, Albrecht, Holger, additional, Haas, Judith, additional, Klotz, Luisa, additional, Lang, Michael, additional, Lassek, Chrstoph, additional, Schmidt, Stephan, additional, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, and Cornelissen, Christian, additional

Published
2016
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29. Early Initiation of Fingolimod Treatment Reduces the Recurrence of Disease Activity after Natalizumab Discontinuation in Multiple Sclerosis (P01.199)

Author

Havla, Joachim, primary, Tackenberg, Bjorn, additional, Hellwig, Kerstin, additional, Krumbholz, Markus, additional, Meinl, Ingrid, additional, Seitz, Florian, additional, Eienbroecker, Christian, additional, Gold, Ralf, additional, Hohlfeld, Reinhard, additional, Kleiter, Ingo, additional, and Kuempfel, Tania, additional

Published
2013
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31. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ghrelin in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Author

Unger MM, Oertel WH, and Tackenberg B

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemistry, Clinical methods, Chemistry, Clinical standards, Female, Ghrelin blood, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive blood, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting blood, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Blood-Brain Barrier metabolism, Ghrelin cerebrospinal fluid, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive cerebrospinal fluid, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting cerebrospinal fluid
Abstract

Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, exerts immunomodulatory and other effects in the CNS and has neuroprotective properties. Ghrelin is predominantly produced by X/A-like cells in the gastric mucosa. Hence, ghrelin's main source of production lies outside the CNS while important functions of ghrelin are operated by specific receptors in the CNS. We analyzed 82 samples of our repository (45 samples form patients with multiple sclerosis and 37 control samples) for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and corresponding serum concentrations of ghrelin. Desacyl ghrelin concentrations were measured with a commercially available enzyme immunometric assay. We validated the assay for CSF samples. The test-retest reproducibility for ghrelin in CSF samples was excellent. Ghrelin CSF concentrations were higher in patients with multiple sclerosis (p<0.02) compared with controls. CSF concentrations correlated with serum concentrations in patients with multiple sclerosis (p<0.01). No such correlation was found in controls. Our findings endorse existing hypotheses that ghrelin affects the central inflammatory process in MS. The correlation between serum and CSF concentrations in MS, but not in controls, suggests a differential regulation of blood-to-brain transport mechanisms for ghrelin in MS and indicates that central effects of ghrelin in MS might be amenable to pharmacological manipulation of the systemic ghrelin secretion.

Published
2013

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