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3. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

Author

Marconi, V, Ramanan, A, de Bono, S, Kartman, C, Krishnan, V, Liao, R, Piruzeli, M, Goldman, J, Alatorre-Alexander, J, de Cassia Pellegrini, R, Estrada, V, Som, M, Cardoso, A, Chakladar, S, Crowe, B, Reis, P, Zhang, X, Adams, D, Ely, E, Ahn, M, Akasbi, M, Altclas, J, Ariel, F, Ariza, H, Atkar, C, Bertetti, A, Bhattacharya, M, Briones, M, Budhraja, A, Burza, A, Camacho Ortiz, A, Caricchio, R, Casas, M, Cevoli Recio, V, Choi, W, Cohen, E, Comulada-Rivera, A, Cook, P, Cornejo Juarez, D, Daniel, C, Degrecci Relvas, L, Dominguez Cherit, J, Ellerin, T, Enikeev, D, Erico Tanni Minamoto, S, Fiss, E, Furuichi, M, Giovanni Luz, K, Gonzalez, O, Gordeev, I, Gruenewald, T, Hamamoto Sato, V, Heo, E, Heo, J, Hermida, M, Hirai, Y, Hutchinson, D, Iastrebner, C, Ioachimescu, O, Jain, M, Juliani Souza Lima, M, Khan, A, Kremer, A, Lawrie, T, Macelwee, M, Madhani-Lovely, F, Malhotra, V, Martinez Resendez, M, Mckinnell, J, Milligan, P, Minelli, C, Moran Rodriguez, M, Parody, M, Paulin, P, Pellegrini, R, Pemu, P, Procopio Carvalho, A, Puoti, M, Purow, J, Ramesh, M, Rea Neto, A, Robinson, P, Rodrigues, C, Rojas Velasco, G, Saraiva, J, Scheinberg, M, Schreiber, S, Scublinsky, D, Sevciovic Grumach, A, Shawa, I, Simon Campos, J, Sofat, N, Spinner, C, Sprinz, E, Stienecker, R, Suarez, J, Tachikawa, N, Tahir, H, Tiffany, B, Vishnevsky, A, Westheimer Cavalcante, A, Zirpe, K, Marconi V. C., Ramanan A. V., de Bono S., Kartman C. E., Krishnan V., Liao R., Piruzeli M. L. B., Goldman J. D., Alatorre-Alexander J., de Cassia Pellegrini R., Estrada V., Som M., Cardoso A., Chakladar S., Crowe B., Reis P., Zhang X., Adams D. H., Ely E. W., Ahn M. -Y., Akasbi M., Altclas J. D., Ariel F., Ariza H. A., Atkar C., Bertetti A., Bhattacharya M., Briones M. L., Budhraja A., Burza A., Camacho Ortiz A., Caricchio R., Casas M., Cevoli Recio V., Choi W. S., Cohen E., Comulada-Rivera A., Cook P., Cornejo Juarez D. P., Daniel C., Degrecci Relvas L. F., Dominguez Cherit J. G., Ellerin T., Enikeev D., Erico Tanni Minamoto S., Fiss E., Furuichi M., Giovanni Luz K., Gonzalez O., Gordeev I., Gruenewald T., Hamamoto Sato V. A., Heo E. Y., Heo J. Y., Hermida M., Hirai Y., Hutchinson D., Iastrebner C., Ioachimescu O., Jain M., Juliani Souza Lima M. P., Khan A., Kremer A. E., Lawrie T., MacElwee M., Madhani-Lovely F., Malhotra V., Martinez Resendez M. F., McKinnell J., Milligan P., Minelli C., Moran Rodriguez M. A., Parody M. L., Paulin P., Pellegrini R. D. C., Pemu P., Procopio Carvalho A. C., Puoti M., Purow J., Ramesh M., Rea Neto A., Robinson P., Rodrigues C., Rojas Velasco G., Saraiva J. F. K., Scheinberg M., Schreiber S., Scublinsky D., Sevciovic Grumach A., Shawa I., Simon Campos J., Sofat N., Spinner C. D., Sprinz E., Stienecker R., Suarez J., Tachikawa N., Tahir H., Tiffany B., Vishnevsky A., Westheimer Cavalcante A., Zirpe K., Marconi, V, Ramanan, A, de Bono, S, Kartman, C, Krishnan, V, Liao, R, Piruzeli, M, Goldman, J, Alatorre-Alexander, J, de Cassia Pellegrini, R, Estrada, V, Som, M, Cardoso, A, Chakladar, S, Crowe, B, Reis, P, Zhang, X, Adams, D, Ely, E, Ahn, M, Akasbi, M, Altclas, J, Ariel, F, Ariza, H, Atkar, C, Bertetti, A, Bhattacharya, M, Briones, M, Budhraja, A, Burza, A, Camacho Ortiz, A, Caricchio, R, Casas, M, Cevoli Recio, V, Choi, W, Cohen, E, Comulada-Rivera, A, Cook, P, Cornejo Juarez, D, Daniel, C, Degrecci Relvas, L, Dominguez Cherit, J, Ellerin, T, Enikeev, D, Erico Tanni Minamoto, S, Fiss, E, Furuichi, M, Giovanni Luz, K, Gonzalez, O, Gordeev, I, Gruenewald, T, Hamamoto Sato, V, Heo, E, Heo, J, Hermida, M, Hirai, Y, Hutchinson, D, Iastrebner, C, Ioachimescu, O, Jain, M, Juliani Souza Lima, M, Khan, A, Kremer, A, Lawrie, T, Macelwee, M, Madhani-Lovely, F, Malhotra, V, Martinez Resendez, M, Mckinnell, J, Milligan, P, Minelli, C, Moran Rodriguez, M, Parody, M, Paulin, P, Pellegrini, R, Pemu, P, Procopio Carvalho, A, Puoti, M, Purow, J, Ramesh, M, Rea Neto, A, Robinson, P, Rodrigues, C, Rojas Velasco, G, Saraiva, J, Scheinberg, M, Schreiber, S, Scublinsky, D, Sevciovic Grumach, A, Shawa, I, Simon Campos, J, Sofat, N, Spinner, C, Sprinz, E, Stienecker, R, Suarez, J, Tachikawa, N, Tahir, H, Tiffany, B, Vishnevsky, A, Westheimer Cavalcante, A, Zirpe, K, Marconi V. C., Ramanan A. V., de Bono S., Kartman C. E., Krishnan V., Liao R., Piruzeli M. L. B., Goldman J. D., Alatorre-Alexander J., de Cassia Pellegrini R., Estrada V., Som M., Cardoso A., Chakladar S., Crowe B., Reis P., Zhang X., Adams D. H., Ely E. W., Ahn M. -Y., Akasbi M., Altclas J. D., Ariel F., Ariza H. A., Atkar C., Bertetti A., Bhattacharya M., Briones M. L., Budhraja A., Burza A., Camacho Ortiz A., Caricchio R., Casas M., Cevoli Recio V., Choi W. S., Cohen E., Comulada-Rivera A., Cook P., Cornejo Juarez D. P., Daniel C., Degrecci Relvas L. F., Dominguez Cherit J. G., Ellerin T., Enikeev D., Erico Tanni Minamoto S., Fiss E., Furuichi M., Giovanni Luz K., Gonzalez O., Gordeev I., Gruenewald T., Hamamoto Sato V. A., Heo E. Y., Heo J. Y., Hermida M., Hirai Y., Hutchinson D., Iastrebner C., Ioachimescu O., Jain M., Juliani Souza Lima M. P., Khan A., Kremer A. E., Lawrie T., MacElwee M., Madhani-Lovely F., Malhotra V., Martinez Resendez M. F., McKinnell J., Milligan P., Minelli C., Moran Rodriguez M. A., Parody M. L., Paulin P., Pellegrini R. D. C., Pemu P., Procopio Carvalho A. C., Puoti M., Purow J., Ramesh M., Rea Neto A., Robinson P., Rodrigues C., Rojas Velasco G., Saraiva J. F. K., Scheinberg M., Schreiber S., Scublinsky D., Sevciovic Grumach A., Shawa I., Simon Campos J., Sofat N., Spinner C. D., Sprinz E., Stienecker R., Suarez J., Tachikawa N., Tahir H., Tiffany B., Vishnevsky A., Westheimer Cavalcante A., and Zirpe K.

Abstract

Background: Baricitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor with known anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of baricitinib in combination with standard of care for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19. Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, participants were enrolled from 101 centres across 12 countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Hospitalised adults with COVID-19 receiving standard of care were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive once-daily baricitinib (4 mg) or matched placebo for up to 14 days. Standard of care included systemic corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, and antivirals, including remdesivir. The composite primary endpoint was the proportion who progressed to high-flow oxygen, non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death by day 28, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. All-cause mortality by day 28 was a key secondary endpoint, and all-cause mortality by day 60 was an exploratory endpoint; both were assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety analyses were done in the safety population defined as all randomly allocated participants who received at least one dose of study drug and who were not lost to follow-up before the first post-baseline visit. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04421027. Findings: Between June 11, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 1525 participants were randomly assigned to the baricitinib group (n=764) or the placebo group (n=761). 1204 (79·3%) of 1518 participants with available data were receiving systemic corticosteroids at baseline, of whom 1099 (91·3%) were on dexamethasone; 287 (18·9%) participants were receiving remdesivir. Overall, 27·8% of participants receiving baricitinib and 30·5% receiving placebo progressed to meet the primary endpoint (odds ratio 0·85 [95% CI 0·67 to 1·08], p=0·18), with an absolute risk difference of −2·7 percentage points (

Published
2021

10. Animal-Associated Exposure to Rabies Virus among Travelers, 1997–2012

Author

Gautret, P., Harvey, K., Pandey, P., Lim, P. L., Leder, K., Piyaphanee, W., Shaw, M., Mcdonald, S. C., Schwartz, E., Esposito, D. H., Parola, P., Delmont, J., Torresi, J., Brown, G., Yoshimura, Y., Tachikawa, N., Kurai, H., Sagara, H., Von Sonnenburg, F., Kanagawa, S., Kato, Y., Mizunno, Y., Hern, A., Chappuis, F., Loutan, L., Keystone, J. S., Kain, K., Grobusch, M., De Vries, P., Gadroen, K., Using, J., Froberg, G., Libman, M. D., Ward, B., Dick Maclean, J., Rapp, C., Aoun, O., Valdez, L. M., Siu, H., Cramer, J., Burchard, G. -D., Phu, P. T. H., Anderson, N., Batchelor, T., Meisch, D., Jensenius, M., Lalloo, D. G., Beeching, N. J., Stauffer, W., Walker, P., Kass, R., Jean Haulman, N., Roesel, D., Jong, E. C., Wang, A., Eason, J., Kendall, B., Hale, D. C., Anand, R., Gelman, S. S., Chen, L. H., Wilson, M. E., Silachamroon, U., Borwein, S., Van Genderen, P. J., Vincelette, J., Gurtman, A., Kozarsky, P. E., Wu, H., Fairley, J., Franco-Paredes, C., Schlagenhauf, P., Weber, R., Steffen, R., Yates, J., Ansdell, V., Mendelson, M., Vincent, P., Mockenhaupt, F., Harms, G., Perret, C., Valdivieso, F., Doyle, P., Ghesquiere, W., Cahill, J. D., Mckinley, G., Mccarthy, A., Caumes, E., Perignon, A., Anderson, S., Hynes, N. A., Bradley Sack, R., Mckenzie, R., Field, V., Connor, B. A., Muller, R., Freedman, D. O., Hagmann, S., Miller, A. O., Gkrania-Klotsas, E., Tenenboim, S., Jenks, N. P., Kerr, C., Licitra, C., Crespo, A., Castelli, F., Carosi, G., Holtom, P., Goad, J., and Anglim, A.

Subjects
Male, History, Veterinary medicine, Time Factors, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, rabies, medicine.disease_cause, Global Health, Medical care, 0302 clinical medicine, Rabies vaccine, 80 and over, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, travel, Animal Bites, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, 21st Century, 3. Good health, 20th Century, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, GeoSentinel, animal-related exposure, rabies virus, viruses, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Female, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Population Surveillance, Rabies, Seasons, Young Adult, Rabies virus, Travel, Synopsis, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, Rabies transmission, business.industry, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Animal-Associated Exposure to Rabies Virus among Travelers, 1997–2012, business, human activities
Abstract

No demographic characteristics identified who might benefit most from pretravel counseling., Among travelers, rabies cases are rare, but animal bites are relatively common. To determine which travelers are at highest risk for rabies, we studied 2,697 travelers receiving care for animal-related exposures and requiring rabies postexposure prophylaxis at GeoSentinel clinics during 1997–2012. No specific demographic characteristics differentiated these travelers from other travelers seeking medical care, making it challenging to identify travelers who might benefit from reinforced pretravel rabies prevention counseling. Median travel duration was short for these travelers: 15 days for those seeking care after completion of travel and 20 days for those seeking care during travel. This finding contradicts the view that preexposure rabies vaccine recommendations should be partly based on longer travel durations. Over half of exposures occurred in Thailand, Indonesia, Nepal, China, and India. International travelers to rabies-endemic regions, particularly Asia, should be informed about potential rabies exposure and benefits of pretravel vaccination, regardless of demographics or length of stay.

Published
2015

11. Business travel-associated illness: a GeoSentinel analysis

Author

Chen, L. H., Leder, K., Barbre, K. A., Schlagenhauf, P., Libman, M., Keystone, J., Mendelson, M., Gautret, P., Schwartz, E., Shaw, M., Macdonald, S., Mccarthy, A., Connor, B. A., Esposito, D. H., Hamer, D., Wilson, M. E., von Sonnenburg, F., Rothe, C., Kain, K., Boggild, A., Cramer, J., Jordan, S., Vinnemeier, C., Yansouni, C., Chappuis, F., Caumes, E., Perignon, A., Torresi, J., Kanagawa, S., Kato, Y., Grobusch, M., Goorhuis, B., Javelle, E., Kozarsky, P., Wu, H., Yoshimura, Y., Tachikawa, N., Lim, P. -L., Piyaphanee, W., Silachamroon, U., Murphy, H., Pandey, P., Asgeirsson, H., Glans, H., Jensenius, M., Borwein, S., Hale, D., Leung, D., Benson, S., van Genderen, P., Hynes, N., Weber, R., Stauffer, W., Walker, P., Haulman, J., Roesel, D., Mockenhaupt, F., Harms-Zwingenberger, G., Rapp, C., Ficko, C., Vincent, P., Castelli, F., Matteelli, A., Anderson, S., Yates, J., Licitra, C., Klochko, A., Gkrania-Klotsas, E., Warne, B., Lopez-Velez, R., Norman, F., Vincelette, J., Barkati, S., Cahill, J., Mckinley, G., Phu, P. T. H., Perez, C. P., Lalloo, D., Beeching, N., Coyle, C., Hajek, J., Ghesquiere, W., Siu, H., Valdez, L. M., Kelly, P., Hagmann, S., Barnett, E., Hochberg, N., Malvy, D., Duvignaud, A., Kuhn, S., Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), APH - Aging & Later Life, Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, AII - Infectious diseases, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), University of Zurich, and Chen, Lin H

Subjects
Male, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Travel medicine, Business, 030212 general & internal medicine, Travel, Commerce, General Medicine, Death, Diarrhea, Malaria, Occupational medicine, Vaccine-preventable disease, Adult, Africa South of the Sahara, Aged, Asia, Europe, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, North America, Occupational Medicine, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Young Adult, Sentinel Surveillance, 3. Good health, Chemoprophylaxis, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, 610 Medicine & health, Typhoid fever, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, business.industry, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), 2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 2725 Infectious Diseases, medicine.disease, Family medicine, Tropical medicine, Rabies, business, human activities
Abstract

Background Analysis of a large cohort of business travelers will help clinicians focus on frequent and serious illnesses. We aimed to describe travel-related health problems in business travelers. Methods GeoSentinel Surveillance Network consists of 64 travel and tropical medicine clinics in 29 countries; descriptive analysis was performed on ill business travelers, defined as persons traveling for work, evaluated after international travel 1 January 1997 through 31 December 2014. Results Among 12 203 business travelers seen 1997–2014 (14 045 eligible diagnoses), the majority (97%) were adults aged 20–64 years; most (74%) reported from Western Europe or North America; two-thirds were male. Most (86%) were outpatients. Fewer than half (45%) reported a pre-travel healthcare encounter. Frequent regions of exposure were sub-Saharan Africa (37%), Southeast Asia (15%) and South Central Asia (14%). The most frequent diagnoses were malaria (9%), acute unspecified diarrhea (8%), viral syndrome (6%), acute bacterial diarrhea (5%) and chronic diarrhea (4%). Species was reported for 973 (90%) of 1079 patients with malaria, predominantly Plasmodium falciparum acquired in sub-Saharan Africa. Of 584 (54%) with malaria chemoprophylaxis information, 92% took none or incomplete courses. Thirteen deaths were reported, over half of which were due to malaria; others succumbed to pneumonia, typhoid fever, rabies, melioidosis and pyogenic abscess. Conclusions Diarrheal illness was a major cause of morbidity. Malaria contributed substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. Underuse or non-use of chemoprophylaxis contributed to malaria cases. Deaths in business travelers could be reduced by improving adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis and targeted vaccination for vaccine-preventable diseases. Pre-travel advice is indicated for business travelers and is currently under-utilized and needs improvement.

Published
2018
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16. Patterns of illness in travelers visiting Mexico and Central America: the GeoSentinel experience

Author

Flores Figueroa, J, Okhuysen, Pc, von Sonnenburg, F, Dupont, Hl, Libman, Md, Keystone, Js, Hale, Dc, Burchard, G, Han, Pv, Wilder Smith, A, Freedman, Do, GeoSentinel Surveillance Network, Kain, Kc, Gelman, Ss, Ward, B, Dick Maclean, J, Jean Haulman, N, Roesel, D, Jong, Ec, Schwartz, E, Stauffer, Wm, Walker, Pf, Kozarsky, Pe, Franco Paredes, C, Pandey, P, Murphy, H, Loutan, L, Chappuis, F, Mccarthy, A, Connor, Ba, Chen, Lh, Wilson, Me, Lynch, Mw, Licitra, C, Crespo, A, Caumes, E, Pérignon, A, de Vries PJ, Gadroen, K, Nutman, Tb, Klion, Ad, Hynes, N, Bradley Sack, R, Mckenzie, R, Field, V, Gurtman, A, Coyle, Cm, Wittner, M, Parola, P, Simon, F, Delmont, J, Leder, K, Torresi, J, Brown, G, Jensenius, M, Wang, A, Macdonald, S, López Vélez, R, Antonio Perez Molina, J, Cahill, Jd, Mckinley, G, Schlagenhauf, P, Weber, R, Steffen, R, Shaw, M, Hern, A, Perret, C, Valdivieso, F, Valdez, L, Siu, H, Carosi, G, Castelli, Francesco, Tachikawa, N, Kurai, H, Sagara, H, Kass, R, Barnett, Ed, Mclellan, S, Holtom, P, Goad, J, Anglim, A, Hagmann, S, Henry, M, Miller, Ao, Ansdell, V, Kato, Y, Borwein, S, Anderson, N, Batchelor, T, Meisch, D, Gkrania Klotsas, E, Doyle, P, Ghesquiere, W, Piper Jenks, N, Kerr, C, Lian Lim, P, Piyaphanee, W, Silachamroon, U, Mendelson, M, Vincent, P, Africa, S, Virk, A, Sia, I., and Infectious diseases

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Diarrhea, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endemic Diseases, Fever, Neurocysticercosis, Skin Diseases, Dengue, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Travel medicine, Imported diseases, Humans, Respiratory Tract Infections, Travel, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Outbreak, Central America, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Leptospirosis, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, Latin America, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency medicine, Immunology, Female, Morbidity, business, Onchocerciasis, Sentinel Surveillance, human activities
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mexico and Central America are important travel destinations for North American and European travelers. There is limited information on regional differences in travel related morbidity. METHODS: We describe the morbidity among 4779 ill travelers returned from Mexico and Central America who were evaluated at GeoSentinel network clinics during December 1996 to February 2010. RESULTS: The most frequent presenting syndromes included acute and chronic diarrhea, dermatologic diseases, febrile systemic illness, and respiratory disease. A higher proportion of ill travelers from the United States had acute diarrhea, compared with their Canadian and European counterparts (odds ratio, 1.9; P < .0001). During the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak from March 2009 through February 2010, the proportionate morbidity (PM) associated with respiratory illnesses in ill travelers increased among those returned from Mexico, compared with prior years (196.0 cases per 1000 ill returned travelers vs 53.7 cases per 1000 ill returned travelers; P < .0001); the PM remained constant in the rest of Central America (57.3 cases per 1000 ill returned travelers). We identified 50 travelers returned from Mexico and Central America who developed influenza, including infection due to 2009 H1N1 strains and influenza-like illness. The overall risk of malaria was low; only 4 cases of malaria were acquired in Mexico (PM, 2.2 cases per 1000 ill returned travelers) in 13 years, compared with 18 from Honduras (PM, 79.6 cases per 1000 ill returned travelers) and 14 from Guatemala (PM, 34.4 cases per 1000 ill returned travelers) during the same period. Plasmodium vivax malaria was the most frequent malaria diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Travel medicine practitioners advising and treating travelers visiting these regions should dedicate special attention to vaccine-preventable illnesses and should consider the uncommon occurrence of acute hepatitis A, leptospirosis, neurocysticercosis, acute Chagas disease, onchocerciasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, neurocysticercosis, HIV, malaria, and brucellosis.

Published
2011

17. Illness in long-term travelers visiting GeoSentinel clinics

Author

Chen, Lh, Wilson, Me, Davis, X, Loutan, L, Schwartz, E, Keystone, J, Hale, D, Lim, Pl, Mccarthy, A, Gkrania Klotsas, E, Schlagenhauf, P, von Sonnenburg, F, Gelman, Ss, Chappuis, F, Kain, Kc, Field, V, Burchard, Gd, Libman, Md, Maclean, Jd, Leder, K, Torresi, J, Brown, G, Parola, P, Simon, F, Delmont, J, Kass, R, Carosi, Giampiero, Castelli, Francesco, Pandey, P, Shaw, M, Kozarsky, Pe, Franco Paredes, C, Piyaphanee, W, Silachamroon, U, Tachikawa, N, Sagara, H, Connor, Ba, Kanagawa, S, Kato, Y, Jensenius, M, Haulman, Nj, Roesel, D, Jong, Ec, Coyle, Cm, Wittner, M, López Vélez, R, Pérez Molina JA, Nutman, Tb, Klion, Ad, Hagmann, S, Miller, A, Weber, R, Steffen, R, Stauffer, Wm, Walker, Pf, Freedman, Do, Ansdell, V, Wilder Smith, A, Sack, B, Mckenzie, R, Caumes, E, Pérignon, A, Licitra, C, Crespo, A, Barnett, Ed, Gurtman, A, Perret, C, Valdivieso, F, Muller, R, Cahill, Jd, Mckinley, G, Mclellan, S, Macdonald, S, Lynch, Mw, Borwein, S, Anglim, A., and University of Zurich

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Epidemiology, Irritable colon, lcsh:Medicine, Disease Vectors, Global Health, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis/*epidemiology/transmission, 2726 Microbiology (medical), Global health, bacteria, Travel, Mental Disorders, Syndrome, Middle Aged, Diarrhea, Long-term travelers, Infectious Diseases, Population Surveillance, World Health, Female, Health education, medicine.symptom, Disease transmission, special travel populations, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 610 Medicine & health, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Young Adult, medicine, Animals, Humans, viruses, lcsh:RC109-216, ddc:613, business.industry, Research, business travelers, lcsh:R, Network data, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), 2725 Infectious Diseases, missionaries, medicine.disease, Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology, Family medicine, Immunology, Wounds and Injuries, business, human activities, Mental Disorders/epidemiology, Malaria, 2713 Epidemiology
Abstract

Length of travel appears to be associated with health risks. GeoSentinel Surveillance Network data for 4,039 long-term travelers (trip duration >6 months) seen after travel during June 1, 1996, through December 31, 2008, were compared with data for 24,807 short-term travelers (trip duration 1 month, eosinophilia, cutaneous leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and Entamoeba histolytica diarrhea. Areas of concern for long-term travelers were vector-borne diseases, contact-transmitted diseases, and psychological problems. Our results can help prioritize screening for and diagnosis of illness in long-term travelers and provide evidence-based pretravel advice.

Published
2009

25. ITER first wall/shield blanket

Author

Ioki, K., primary, Barabaschi, P., additional, Bruno, L., additional, Cardella, A., additional, Danner, W., additional, Elio, F., additional, Hechler, M., additional, Kodama, T., additional, Lodato, A., additional, Loesser, D., additional, Lousteau, D., additional, Mattas, R., additional, Miki, N., additional, Mohri, K., additional, Parker, R., additional, Raffray, R., additional, Strebkov, Y., additional, Tachikawa, N., additional, Takatsu, H., additional, Williamson, D., additional, and Yamada, M., additional

Published
1998
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29. Status of design of the first wall for ITER

Author

Ioki, K, primary, Bruno, L, additional, Cardella, A, additional, Lousteau, D, additional, Mohri, K, additional, Parker, R, additional, Raffray, R, additional, Tachikawa, N, additional, and Zolti, E, additional

Published
1996
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32. Development of the Magnetically Floating Superconducting Dipole in the RT-1 Plasma Device.

Author

Mizumaki, S., Tosaka, T., Ohtani, Y., Ono, M., Kuriyama, T., Nakamoto, K., Shibui, M., Tachikawa, N., Ioka, S., Morikawa, J., Ogawa, Y., and Yoshida, Z.

Subjects
PLASMA confinement devices, MAGNETIC dipoles, MAGNETIC fields, TOROIDAL magnetic circuits
Abstract

A high-temperature superconducting dipole floating in the magnetic field of a normal conducting coil has been developed for the Ring Trap (RT)-1 plasma confinement apparatus at the University of Tokyo. The RT-1 device consists of the floating superconducting dipole, a levitation coil made of normal conductor, a vacuum vessel for plasma confinement and detachable services for the floating dipole. This paper describes the design concept and operating scenario of the floating dipole as well as the required services such as a HTS persistent current switch necessary to realize this scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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42. (1-->3) beta-D-glucan as a quantitative serological marker for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Author

Yasuoka, A, Tachikawa, N, Shimada, K, Kimura, S, and Oka, S

Abstract

We detected (1 --> 3) beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan), which is one of the major components of the cyst wall of Pneumocystis carinii, in sera obtained from patients with P. carinii pneumonia (PCP). We confirmed that beta-glucan was detectable by a beta-glucan detection kit (G test; Seikagaku Corporation) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs). The mean concentration of beta-glucan in BALFs obtained from specific-pathogen-free nude mice infected with P. carinii (n = 7; mean, 2,631 [range, 1,031 to 9,095] pg/ml) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in uninfected, specific-pathogen-free mice (n = 7; 6.5 [range, 4.0 to 8.3] pg/ml). The mean level of beta-glucan in BALFs from PCP patients was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in BALFs from patients with other lung diseases (7,268 [range, 1,355 to 15,500] pg/ml [n = 4] versus 242.5 [17 to 615] pg/ml [n = 4]). In sera from six of seven patients with PCP, significant levels of beta-glucan (494.1 [8.5 to 1,135] pg/ml) were detected, while it was undetectable in patients with other lung diseases and in a control group. In five patients at follow-up, the level of beta-glucan decreased with clinical improvement. These results suggest that beta-glucan is detectable in sera from patients with PCP and it is a practical serological marker for monitoring of the disease during treatment.

Published
1996

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