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The analysis explains the superconducting properties of the in-situ [MgB.sub.2] tapes, which have SiC and TiC additives and are prepared by the technique of hot pressing. The results reveal that the hot pressing process strengthens the linkage among the grains in the tape.

The study describes the optimization of the [(Nb, Ta).sub.3]Sn wires, which are fabricated using the Sn-Ta sheet by jelly roll processing. It is found that a small amount of Ti and Cu addition in the wires decreases the amount of Ta in the sheet considerably.

Current leads using HTS material are developed for large scale superconducting magnet system as well as a study is conducted to investigate characteristics of Bi-2212 tubular bulk, which is prepared by a diffusion process. 8 kA of the maximum transport current is achieved at 4 K with the bulk size of 38 mm/30 mm in outer/inner diameters and 200 mm in length.

Bi2212 HTS bulk cylinders are prepared by the diffusion process for current lead application. The Bi2212 HTS layer is synthesized through a diffusion reaction between an Sr-Ca-Cu oxide substrate and a Bi-Cu oxide coating with Ag addition.

Structure and high-field performance of (Nb,Ta)(sub 3)Sn conductors fabricated by using ductile Sn-Ta matrix is discussed. Another process for fabricating multifilamentary-type (Nb, Ta)(sub 3)Sn conductors using ductile Sn-Ta/Nb composite is studied.

Describing the mechanism of the thick (Nb,Ta)3Sn layer synthesis, a simplified Ta-Sn powder core process, and a new Jelly Roll (JR) process using Sn-Ta sheet richer in Sn is investigated. The JR wires show attractive high-field performance at 22-23 T, and 5wt%Cu addition tot eh sheet effectively reduces the optimum heat treatment temperature.

Investigating the effect of metal powder addition to the MgB2 core is studied aiming at the improvement of J(sub c) in PIT-processed MgB2 conductors through the introduction of artificial pinning centers or the improvement of grain linkage. TEM observation indicates that the major origin of the J(sub c) enhancement seems to be the improvement of MgB2 grain linkage through the impregnation of fine In into the gaps between grains.

Bi-2212 high temperature superconductor (HTS) bulk conductors have been prepared by the diffusion process, for current lead applications.

Areas of research involving high temperature superconductors (HTS) that are being investigated at Japan's National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) are identified and discussed. For example, a superconducting magnetic-levitation coil is being developed.

Research indicates that downward particle flux in the North Atlantic Ocean, near the Mauritanian upwelling zone, is correlated with westward surface currents. These currents are likely to transport biomass-rich water masses seaward from coastal regions. Upwelling influence is strongest at the coastal mesotrophic site.

High temperature superconducting current feeders were developed for a large-scale superconducting experimental fusion system.

Bi-2212 current leads were prepared by a diffusion process and their transport performance was monitored.

A Ta-Sn powder core and Nb-Ta alloy sheath were used to fabricate new (Nb,Ta)3Sn high-field conductors.

YBCO film growth on Y2O3 buffered and nonbuffered SrTiO3 single crystals is described, using fluoride as one of the precursor films.

Recent progress in both LTS and HTS superconductors in Japan is discussed with a focus on Nb-Ti conductors.

The diffusion process was used to prepare Bi-2212 current leads which were synthesized via diffusion reaction betweenSR-Ca-Cu oxide substrates and Bi-Cu oxide coating with the addition of AG.

A study fabricated Nb3Sn conductors with excellent high-field performance using Ta-Sn powder as a core material and a Nb or Nb-Ta alloy sheath using a new process. The Ta-Sn powder was synthesized by melt diffusion reaction between Ta and Sn powders, and encased in a Nb or Nb-Ta alloy sheath. The process used is relatively simple and does not require intermediate annealing for the fabrication. Experimental methods and findings are presented.

The fabrication of a bronze processed Nb3Sn strand, composed of 75990 filaments that are 0.28 micrometer in diameter, into cables of 6 and 36 strands is reported. The 6-strand cable exhibited a substantially improved irreversible bending strain limit of more than 10% that is attributed to fine filament size. The results led to the construction and successful operation of a 50 mm-bore 2T-class magnet that is wound by the 6 strand cable and runs at 52.7Hz at 4.2 degrees Kelvin.

A diffusion reaction between a high melting point Bi-free oxide substrate and a low melting point Bi-based oxide coating layer synthesized the Bi-2212 oxide superconductors. A heat treatment was conducted at 810-870 degrees C in air to produce the Bi-2212 diffusion layer which shows a high density and structure with plate-like grains. Bi-2212 oxide cylinders with large transport Ic and Jc seem to be more effective as current leads and magnetic shields.

A matrix of Cu was used to fabricate an arc-melted Nb-25 wt%Ti alloy into monocore wires. The superconducting properties and structure of the wires were then compared with those of Nb-36 wt%Ti and Nb-46.5 wt%Ti prepared by a similar process. After heat treatment at above 600 degrees C, the formation of a thick Cu-Ti-Nb compound layer was observed at the Cu/Nb-46.5Ti interface. The results showed that the addition of boron enhanced the B(sub c2) and T(sub c) of Nb-25Ti alloy.

Rare earth element (REE) concentrations and neodymium (Nd) isotopic ratios of settling particles were examined to quantify chemical processes in the water column of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The settling particles, trapped at 2,500 m, were collected at the mesotrophic site and oligotrophic site in the northeastern part of the region. The use of REE pattern in combination with Nd isotopes show that this method is powerful in tracing the interactions of REE with seawater and marine particles. The results on Cerium anomaly, the light REE enrichment and Nd isotopic composition for bulk sample are presented.