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Cotyledonoid Dissecting Leiomyoma is a rare condition that can be presented as a malignant tumor and may be challenging to diagnose for gynecologists, radiologists and pathologists. We report a case of this tumor in a 40-year-old woman better to understand its clinical, surgical and pathologic features and explore its diagnostic and treatment aspects. The patient presented with chronic suprapubic pain for over two years, while the clinical, radiological and surgical findings were worrisome. In our case, the histopathological examination did not reveal any malignant features, confirming the benign nature of CDL. Positive staining for desmin and caldesmon confirmed the smooth muscle nature of this tumor, and the absence of coagulative tumor cell necrosis, nuclear atypia and absence of increased mitotic activity ruled out leiomyosarcoma. This rare case report provides distinctive patient's clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, surgical intervention and histopathological findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Since sinonasal polyposis (SNP) has a high recurrence rate after surgery, various studies have investigated the effect of corticosteroid medications to prevent disease recurrence. The present study was designed to compare the effect of three forms of local corticosteroids on preventing SNP recurrence post-operatively. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 108 patients with SNP who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Permuted Block Randomization randomly assigned patients into three groups of 36 people: budesonide spray, betamethasone drop, and budesonide nebulizing suspension groups. One and six months after surgery, the patients were evaluated for recurrence of SNP by nasal endoscopy. SNOT 22 questionnaire wa s used to a ssess pa tients' subjective improvement ra te pre- and post-operatively. Results: According to the scores obtained in the Modified Lund-Kennedy Scoring, budesonide nebulizing suspension showed better effects on preventing the recurrence of sino-nasal polyps after FESS compared with betamethasone nasal drops. The score was significantly lower in the budesonide nebulizing suspension group compared to the betamethasone drop group (P=0.043). There was no statistically significant difference in the scores between the budesonide nebulizing suspension group and the betamethasone spray group (P=0.178). Also, we observed significant improvement in facial fullness in patients who received Budesonide nebulizing suspension. Conclusions: Budesonide nebulizing suspension, compared to betamethasone nasal drops, showed better effects on preventing the recurrence of SNP after FESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Considering the inconsistent results regarding the association between the severity and duration of olfactory dysfunction (OD), and the viral load in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we aimed to conduct this study. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study in which COVID-19 patients were evaluated for the initial cycle threshold value (Ct values) measured by the nasopharyngeal samples along with olfactory function measured by the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) within 2 months of COVID-19 onset. Results: Among 309 COVID-19 patients who were included in this study, 108 (34.9%), 112 (36.2%) and 89 (28.8%) were normosmic, hyposmic, and anosmic, respectively based on the UPSIT. The severity of COVID-19 and the rate of hospitalization were higher in anosmic patients (p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). Moreover, significant associations between the initial Ct value and the severity of OD at admission and follow-ups were detected (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Anosmic patients had higher Ct values in comparison with hyposmic (approx. 3-fold) and normosmic (approx. 12-fold) patients. The recovery rate after one- and two-month follow-ups was 47% and 84%, respectively. At the follow-ups, OD-recovered patients significantly had lower Ct values (mean Ct value: 27.79 ± 2 and 28.21 ± 2.08) in comparison with those who have not recovered yet (mean Ct value: 30.19 ± 3.36, and 33.6 ± 3.37) (p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: Ct value seems to be a significant factor not only in predicting OD severity in COVID-19 patients but also in the OD recovery duration. This finding may be helpful to investigate the underlying mechanisms of OD in COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]