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Background/Aim: Cemiplimab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with PD-L1 (programmed death ligand type 1) expression ≥50% showed a significant improved overall survival (OS) with increasing expression of PD-L1. To our knowledge there exist no similar data published for pembrolizumab regarding the increased OS in relation to the PD-L1 expression. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine whether improvement in OS reflects increased expression levels of PD-L1 (≥50%) in patients with NSCLC. Patients and Methods: Retrospective data from 9 Czech and 1 Polish comprehensive oncology Centers were used. All patients with stage IV NSCLC and PD-L1 expression ≥50% treated with pembrolizumab in daily practice were included. The groups of patients according to the expression of PD-L1 were determined as follows: PD-L1 50-59%, 60-69%, 70-79%, 80-89% and 90-100%. The log-rank test and the Cox regression model were used to compare survival between study groups. Results: A total of 617 patients were included in the study. We did not observe a statistically significant difference in OS between groups of patients with different levels of PD-L1 expression in the pooled comparison (p=0.445). Furthermore, we did not observe a statistically significant difference even when comparing OS in patients with PD-L1expression of 50-59% (reference) with the group of other patients according to the level of expression of PDL1 in the Cox regression model including the effect covariates. Conclusion: PD-L1 expression showed no significant effect on OS in patients with NSCLC with PDL1≥ 50% treated with pembrolizumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) is a rare condition characterized by the spread of uterine leiomyomas to the lungs, typically observed in premenopausal women with a history of hysterectomy or myomectomy. This report presents a unique case of a postmenopausal woman, aged 65, that emphasizes the clinical, radiological, histologic, and immunohistochemical aspects of the disease. On presentation, the patient suffered from severe pain. On imaging, a sizable lung tumor was found. Histopathological examination and immunoprofiling confirmed PBML. The patient underwent various treatments, including surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy, illustrating the challenges in managing PBML. A literature review underscores the rarity of PBML and its diverse clinical manifestations. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of PBML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) into daily practice allows for the identification of a greater number of molecular abnormalities. We aimed to confirm the benefits of immunotherapy in the group of patients with KRAS aberrations treated within clinical practice. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of the patients (pts) treated in routine practice within the National Drug Programme in Poland. The NGS was performed using a FusionPlex Comprehensive Thyroid and Lung (CTL) kit (ArcherDx) and sequenced using a MiniSeq (Illumina). The analyses were performed with the R language environment, version 4.1.3. Results A total of 96 pts with chemotherapy-pre-treated advanced NSCLC (CS III–IV) were qualified for nivolumab or atezolizumab treatment following a molecular diagnosis by the NGS and the exclusion of EGFR and ALK gene abnormalities. A mutation in the KRAS gene was found in 26 patients (27%); among them, the variant p.Gly12Cyc (G12C) was the most common (42%). The median PFS and OS for the overall population were 2 months (95% CI: 1.8–2.75) and 10 months (95% CI: 6.9–16.2), respectively. No differences were observed in terms of the mPFS between the KRAS-mutated and KRAS wild-type (WT) patients. A trend toward a longer OS was observed in the group of patients with the KRAS mutation, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.43). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of mutations in the KRAS gene had no prognostic significance, while the occurence of grade 3 toxicity and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 3.5 were found as statistically significant factors. Conclusions Immunotherapy in the second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC allows for a benefit regardless of the KRAS gene mutation status. The treatment sequence, including molecularly targeted drugs such as sotorasib and adagrasib, is still discussed. The NGS is a valuable method to identify a variety of molecular abnormalities in patients with NSCLC in daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrogastrography (EGG) is the only non-invasive method for investigating the myoelectric activity of the stomach. The aim was to show the relations occurring between the electromyographic and manometric recordings during the normal and abnormal EGG rhythm. A simultaneous EGG recording and manometry were performed in 20 healthy people, in 26 patients with bradygastria (group I) and 21 with tachygastria (group II). In the control group, over 90% of the EGG recording time was in the range of normogastria. After a meal, there were observed a more than twofold increase in the EGG amplitude, an improvement in the recording stability with decrease in the dysarrhythmia percent, an increase in dominant frequency (DF) and a lowering in dominant frequency instability coefficient (DFIC). In groups I and II there was shown a considerable difference in the DF range, an increase in DFIC and the number of dysarrhythmia cases, the lack of correct increase in the amplitude and lowering in the average frequency of phasic contractions and motor indices (MI). Additionally in this group there was a fall in the amplitude of contractions without MMC, and this corroborates with weak contractile activity. There was a positive correlation between the EGG amplitude changes and amplitude of phasic contractions and MI and power ratios (PR) only in the phases I and II MMC. It suggests a relationship between the EGG amplitude and changes in the stomach position and its contraction activity. The lack of correlation between the average EGG frequencies of phasic contractions and the DF and DFIC values does not allowed to observe correlation between the frequency of the phasic contractions and EGG dominant frequency.