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Background/purpose: Appropriate oral health assessment and management can improve the oral health and nutritional status of hospitalized patients. The active participation of dental professionals in the nutritional support team (NST) can help achieve this outcome. However, the participation of dental professionals in NSTs is often limited, indicating the requirement for establishing a remote oral health assessment method. This study aimed to establish a multidisciplinary oral health assessment system using short video recordings with a tablet device. Materials and methods: Fifty inpatients receiving NST aid at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital were included in this study. The degree of agreement between the oral health assessment performed at the bedside and using the short video recordings of the oral health acquired with a tablet device by a single dentist and the degree of agreement for evaluations performed using the video recordings between multiple professionals were evaluated. The oral health status was assessed using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the OHAT total scores for oral health assessment performed at the bedside and using the videos by a single dentist was 0.914 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.854–0.950). ICCs of the OHAT total scores for the video assessment performed by dentists and multiple professionals were 0.904 (95% CI, 0.838–0.944) and 0.802 (95% CI, 0.676–0.883), respectively. Conclusion: Comprehensive oral health assessment of patients can be performed by multiple professionals using the short video recordings of the oral health acquired with a tablet device.

This study investigated the added value of real‐time adaptive feedback on seventh graders' performances in tablet‐based geometry learning. To isolate the effects of the medium (ie, tablet) from those of the feedback, three groups were compared: paper‐and‐pencil, pen‐based tablet without feedback and pen‐based tablet with feedback. The feedback was provided by a tutoring system based on an artificial intelligence that automatically interpreted students' pen strokes on the screen. A total of 85 French students drew three geometric shapes, either on paper or on a tablet, and then performed a transfer task on paper. Results showed that using a tablet without feedback did not improve learning but seemed to enhance interest in the task compared to the paper‐and‐pencil group. Students in the tablet with feedback group performed significantly better than the other two groups on learning, as well as on transfer. This study was the first to combine media comparison and added‐value approaches to test the effects on students' geometry performances of using a new educational app on a pen‐based tablet in a naturalistic classroom environment. Results showed that it was not the medium used but the intelligent tutoring system‐based feedback that improved students' performance. Our data therefore indicate that artificial intelligence is a promising way of providing learners with real‐time adaptive feedback in order to improve their performances. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Previous meta‐analyses have investigated the effects of tablet‐based learning.Tablet computers have been proven to increase students' motivation.Yet, the influence of tablet computers on learning outcomes remains inconclusive.Other studies show that certain features of environments, such as feedback, have positive effects on learning.What this paper adds Most of the previous studies adopted a media comparison approach (paper‐ vs. tablet‐based instruction).We combine this approach with an added‐value approach by adding or not real‐time AI‐based feedback.Results showed that tablet use increased children's interest but not their learning outcomes.Feedback improved children's performance in a training task and a later transfer paper task.Implications for practice and/or policy Tablet computers can promote students' interest in the task during geometry instruction.App features play a critical role in improving students' learning.Specifically, IA‐based adaptive feedback helps children to perform better on a geometry task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate oral health assessment and management can improve the oral health and nutritional status of hospitalized patients. The active participation of dental professionals in the nutritional support team (NST) can help achieve this outcome. However, the participation of dental professionals in NSTs is often limited, indicating the requirement for establishing a remote oral health assessment method. This study aimed to establish a multidisciplinary oral health assessment system using short video recordings with a tablet device. Fifty inpatients receiving NST aid at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital were included in this study. The degree of agreement between the oral health assessment performed at the bedside and using the short video recordings of the oral health acquired with a tablet device by a single dentist and the degree of agreement for evaluations performed using the video recordings between multiple professionals were evaluated. The oral health status was assessed using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the OHAT total scores for oral health assessment performed at the bedside and using the videos by a single dentist was 0.914 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.854–0.950). ICCs of the OHAT total scores for the video assessment performed by dentists and multiple professionals were 0.904 (95% CI, 0.838–0.944) and 0.802 (95% CI, 0.676–0.883), respectively. Comprehensive oral health assessment of patients can be performed by multiple professionals using the short video recordings of the oral health acquired with a tablet device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effectiveness of combining simultaneous prompting method with small group teaching through computer projection, SMART board, tablet computer and humanoid robot to teach discrete skills to children with developmental disabilities (CDD). The study included 14 CDD aged 10–15. It utilizes a multiple probe design across behaviors and probe conditions and replicates them across subjects. Each participant is taught discrete skills within a small group teaching arrangement. The study includes daily probes, full probes, teaching sessions, generalization, and follow‐up sessions. It also collects interobserver reliability and application reliability data. Graphical analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of computer‐based simultaneous prompting incorporating different technologies in a small group teaching setting. Additionally, we examined differences in children's responses to different technological agents in teaching discrete skills to children with developmental disabilities. The study provided preliminary data on which of these agents is best. The results demonstrate its effectiveness by showing that participants maintained the learned behaviors and applied them to a variety of tools, equipment, and individuals in the first, third, and fourth weeks after the intervention. Additionally, the study highlights the subjects' high accuracy in acquiring behavior through observational learning. Finally, simple humanoid robots, tablets, smart SMART boards, and computer projections have been effective in teaching discrete skills to CDD, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This prospective study aimed to evaluate the influence of the computer type (tablet or desktop) on accuracy and tracing time of cephalometric analyses. Methods Dental students used a web-based application specifically developed for this purpose to perform cephalometric analyses on tablet and desktop computers. Landmark locations and timestamps were exported to measure the accuracy, successful detection rate and tracing time. Reference landmarks were established by six experienced orthodontists. Statistical analysis included reliability assessment, descriptive statistics, and linear mixed effect models. Results Over a period of 8 semesters a total of 277 cephalometric analyses by 161 students were included. The interrater reliability of the orthodontists establishing the reference coordinates was excellent (ICC > 0.9). For the students, the mean landmark deviation was 2.05 mm and the successful detection rate for the clinically acceptable threshold of 2 mm suggested in the literature was 68.6%, with large variations among landmarks. No effect of the computer type on accuracy and tracing time of the cephalometric analyses could be found. Conclusion The use of tablet computers for cephalometric analyses can be recommended.

Objectives: Technological advancements in mobile audiometry (MA) have enabled hearing assessment using tablets and smartphones. This systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021274761) aimed to identify MA options available to health providers, assess their accuracy in measuring hearing thresholds, and explore factors that might influence their accuracy. Design and Setting: A systematic search of online databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Evidence Search and Dynamed was conducted on 13th December 2021, and repeated on 30th October 2022, using appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Eligible studies reported the use of MA to determine hearing thresholds and compared results to conventional pure‐tone audiometry (CA). Studies investigating MA for hearing screening (i.e. reporting just pass/fail) were ineligible for inclusion. Two authors independently reviewed studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality and risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool. Participants: Adults and children, with and without diagnosis of hearing impairment. Main outcome measures: A meta‐analysis was performed to obtain the mean difference between thresholds measured using MA and CA in dB HL. Results: Searches returned 858 articles. After systematic review, 17 articles including 1032 participants were analysed. The most used software application was ShoeboxTM (6/17) followed by Hearing TestTM (3/17), then HearTestTM (2/17). Tablet computers were used in ten studies, smartphones in six, and a computer in one. The mean difference between MA and CA thresholds was 1.36 dB (95% CI, 0.07–2.66, p = 0.04). Significant differences between mobile audiometry (MA) and conventional audiometry (CA) thresholds were observed in thresholds measured at 500Hz, in children, when MA was conducted in a sound booth, and when MA was self‐administered. However, these differences did not exceed the clinically significant threshold of 10 decibels (dB). Included studies exhibited high levels of heterogeneity, high risk of bias and low concerns about applicability. Conclusions: MA compares favourably to CA in measuring hearing thresholds and has role in providing access to hearing assessment in situations where CA is not available or feasible. Future studies should prioritize the integration of pure‐tone threshold assessment with additional tests, such as Speech Recognition and Digits‐in‐Noise, for a more rounded evaluation of hearing ability, assesses acceptability and feasibility, and the cost‐effectiveness of MA in non‐specialist settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Preoperative cognitive function screening can help identify high-risk patients, but resource-intensive testing limits its widespread use. A novel self-administered tablet computer-based Processing Speed Test (PST) was used to assess cognitive 'executive' function in non-cardiac surgery patients, but the relationship between preoperative test scores and postoperative outcomes is unclear. The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day readmission/death. The secondary outcome was a collapsed composite of discharge to a long-term care facility/death. Exploratory outcomes were 1) time to discharge alive, 2) 1-year mortality and 3) a collapsed composite of postoperative complications. Methods: This retrospective study, after approval, was conducted in elective non-cardiac surgery patients ≥65 years old. We assessed the relationship between processing speed test scores and primary/secondary outcomes using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results: Overall 1568 patients completed the PST, and the mean ± standard deviation test score was 33 ± 10. The higher PST score is associated with better executive function. A 10-unit increase in the test score was associated with an estimated 19 lower 30-day readmission/death odds, with an odds ratio (OR) and 95 confidence interval (CI) of 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) (P = 0.015). Similarly, 10-unit increase in test score was associated with an estimated 26 lower odds of long-term care need/death, with OR (95 CI) of 0.74 (0.61, 0.91) (P = 0.004). We also found statistically significant associations between the test scores and time to discharge alive and to 1-year mortality, however, not with a composite of postoperative complications. Conclusion: Elderly non-cardiac surgery patients with better PST scores were less likely to be readmitted, need long-term care after discharge or die within 30 days. Preoperative assessment of cognitive function using a simple self-administered test is feasible and may guide perioperative care. Keywords: Cognition, processing speed test, readmission, non-cardiac surgery, Author(s): Kamal Maheshwari (corresponding author) [1,2]; Esra Kutlu Yalcin [2]; Dong Wang [2,3]; Edward J. Mascha [2,3]; Anson Rosenfeldt [4]; Jay L. Alberts [4]; Alparslan Turan [1,2]; Daniel I. Sessler [...]

Approach-avoidance responses to facial expressions have been previously examined, but they are mainly based on contrasting two expression types. However, these examinations are limited; the approach-avoidance response differs depending on the combination of facial expressions. In the current study, the approach-avoidance responses to three expression types were examined using a tablet device. The avoidance response to the anger expression was confirmed, but the approach response to the happy expression was not confirmed. These results indicate that examining approach-avoidance responses using a tablet device is effective and that avoidance responses to angry expressions are robust., Author(s): Shinnosuke Ikeda [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.440905.c, 0000 0004 7553 9983, Faculty of Humanities, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, , Gotanda-chou, Yamanouchi, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 18, Japan People constantly read [...]

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) devices has been spreading in many scenes in the daily life of elderly people, and a tablet computer has been considered as a useful tool to help them enhance their quality of life (QOL). In this study, we investigated how the colors displayed on a tablet screen affect the activation of the frontal lobe of elderly people while they are performing tasks on the tablet. Two experiments were conducted for concentration and memory tasks by using different display colors, and the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes in the brain region of elderly subjects were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, which is a method of measuring the level of oxygenation in the blood flowing through the tissue with a near infrared light source and a light receiving sensor. The experimental results showed the following effects of display colors on the prefrontal cortex of elderly people: 1) green display color can enhance the activation of the prefrontal lobe, and 2) in the case of a simple task, the use of a display color with a high contrast ratio against black can induce the activation of the prefrontal lobe. These results can be utilized to improve ICT screen designs for elderly people to enhance their brain activation, which is closely related to the improvement of their QOL and sense of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]