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1. Follow-Up Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Data Identifies Novel Loci for Type 1 Diabetes

Author

Grant, Struan F.A., Qu, Hui-Qi, Bradfield, Jonathan P., Marchand, Luc, Kim, Cecilia E., Glessner, Joseph T., Grabs, Rosemarie, Taback, Shayne P., Frackelton, Edward C., Eckert, Andrew W., Annaiah, Kiran, Lawson, Margaret L., Otieno, F. George, Santa, Erin, Shaner, Julie L., Smith, Ryan M., Skraban, Robert, Imielinski, Marcin, Chiavacci, Rosetta M., Grundmeier, Robert W., Stanley, Charles A., Kirsch, Susan E., Waggott, Daryl, Paterson, Andrew D., Monos, Dimitri S., Polychronakos, Constantin, and Hakonarson, Hakon

Published
2009

2. A Novel Susceptibility Locus for Type 1 Diabetes on Chr12q13 Identified by a Genome-Wide Association Study

Author

Hakonarson, Hakon, Qu, Hui-Qi, Bradfield, Jonathan P., Marchand, Luc, Kim, Cecilia E., Glessner, Joseph T., Grabs, Rosemarie, Casalunovo, Tracy, Taback, Shayne P., Frackelton, Edward C., Eckert, Andrew W., Annaiah, Kiran, Lawson, Margaret L., Otieno, F. George, Santa, Erin, Shaner, Julie L., Smith, Ryan M., Onyiah, Chioma C., Skraban, Robert, Chiavacci, Rosetta M., Robinson, Luke J., Stanley, Charles A., Kirsch, Susan E., Devoto, Marcella, Monos, Dimitri S., Grant, Struan F.A., and Polychronakos, Constantin

Published
2008

3. A genome-wide association study identifies KIAA0350 as a type 1 diabetes gene

Author

Hakonarson, Hakon, Grant, Struan F. A., Bradfield, Jonathan P., Marchand, Luc, Kim, Cecilia E., Glessner, Joseph T., Grabs, Rosemarie, Casalunovo, Tracy, Taback, Shayne P., Frackelton, Edward C., Lawson, Margaret L., Robinson, Luke J., Skraban, Robert, Lu, Yang, Chiavacci, Rosetta M., Stanley, Charles A., Kirsch, Susan E., Rappaport, Eric F., Orange, Jordan S., Monos, Dimitri S., Devoto, Marcella, Qu, Hui-Qi, and Polychronakos, Constantin

Published
2007
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13. Management of short stature. (Evidence-Based Case Reviews)

Author

Taback, Shayne P., Dean, Heather J., and Elliott, Elizabeth

Subjects
Stature, Short -- Care and treatment, Health, Care and treatment
Abstract

A 12-year-old girl is brought in by her mother, who is concerned because her daughter is short even compared with other family members. She estimates that her daughter has grown [...]

Published
2002

16. Health-related quality of life of young adults with Turner syndrome following a long-term randomized controlled trial of recombinant human growth hormone

Author

Van Vliet Guy and Taback Shayne P

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background There are limited long-term randomized controlled trials of growth hormone (GH) supplementation to adult height and few published reports of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following treatment. The present follow-up study of young adults from a long-term controlled trial of GH treatment in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) yielded data to examine whether GH supplementation resulted in a higher HRQOL (either due to taller stature or from the knowledge that active treatment and not placebo had been received) or alternatively a lower HRQOL (due to medicalization from years of injections). Methods The original trial randomized 154 Canadian girls with TS aged 7-13 years from 13 centres to receive either long-term GH injections at the pharmacologic dose of 0.3 mg/kg/week or to receive no injections; estrogen prescription for induction of puberty was standardized. Patients were eligible for the follow-up study if they were at least 16 years old at the time of follow-up. The instrument used to study HRQOL was the SF-36, summarized into physical and mental component scales (PCS and MCS); higher scores indicate better HRQOL. Results Thirty-four of the 48 eligible participants (71%) consented to participate; data were missing for one patient. Both groups (GH and no treatment) had normal HRQOL at this post-treatment assessment. The GH group had a (mean ± SD) PCS score of 56 ± 5; the untreated group 58 ± 4; mean score for 16-24 year old females in the general population 53.5 ± 6.9. The GH group had a mean MCS score of 52 ± 6; the untreated group 49 ± 13; mean score for 16-24 year old females in the general population 49.6 ± 9.8. Secondary analyses showed no relationship between HRQOL and height. Conclusions We found no benefit or adverse effect on HRQOL either from receiving or not receiving growth hormone injections in a long-term randomized controlled trial, confirming larger observational studies. We suggest that it remains ethically acceptable as well as necessary to maintain a long-term untreated control group to estimate the effects of pharmacological agents to manipulate adult height. Young adult women with TS have normal HRQOL suggesting that they adjust well to their challenges in life. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00191113.

Published
2011
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17. Zoledronic Acid vs Placebo in Pediatric Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis: A Randomized, Double-blind, Phase 3 Trial

Author

Ward, Leanne M, Choudhury, Anup, Alos, Nathalie, Cabral, David A, Rodd, Celia, Sbrocchi, Anne Marie, Taback, Shayne, Padidela, Raja, Shaw, Nick J, Hosszu, Eva, Kostik, Mikhail, Alexeeva, Ekaterina, Thandrayen, Kebashni, Shenouda, Nazih, Jaremko, Jacob L, Sunkara, Gangadhar, Sayyed, Sarfaraz, Aftring, R Paul, and Munns, Craig F

Published
2021
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18. Turner's Syndrome

Author

Taback, Shayne P., Deal, Cheri, and Van Vliet, Guy

Published
1997

20. The Soldier and the Animal: metaphor in maintenance of antiretroviral adherence in Ghana’s Eastern Region

Author

Akiyama, Matthew J., Napier, David, Bourque, S., Goldberg, A., Boukh-Viner, T., Gregg, C., Kyryakov, P., Chowdhury, S., Titorenko, V.I., Andrews, S.D., Ateeq, B., Torrisani, J., D’Allesio, A.C., Unterberger, A., OU, J-N, McKinney, A., Rabbani, S., Szyf, M., Berger, Robert G., Hancock, Trina, Decatanzaro, Denys, Antonova, Lilia, Mueller, Christopher R., Fong, Jenna, Bañski, Piotr, Kodiha, Mohamed, Stochaj, Ursula, Moheshwarnath, Issur, Bisaillon, Martin, Brisbin, Sarah E., Chin-Sang, Ian D., Ste-Marie, A., Simard, C., Côté, S., Fucile, S, Gisel, E, Erg, Otr, Lau, C, Bourdeau, Annie, Heinonen, Krista M., Doody, Karen M., Higgins, Emily K., Lee-Loy, Ailsa, Tremblay, Michel L., Banski, Piotr, Leduc, F., Maquennehan, V., Nkoma, G. Bikond, Boissonneault, G., Lim, Letitia Z., Hacking, S. A., Li, A., Wang, H., Harvey, E. J., Henderson, J. E., Prefontaine, D., Lajoie-Kadoch, S., Mogas, A.K., Foley, S., Olivenstein, R., Halayko, A.J., Ernst, P., Lemière, C., Martin, J.G., Hamid, Q., McKillop, W. M., Dekaban, G. A., Nguyen, Alana, Beland, Melanie, Gaitan, Yaned, Bouchard, Maxime, Behrmann, Jason, Williams-Jones, Bryn, Hakonarson, Hakon, Grant, Struan F.A., Bradfield, Jonathan P., Marchand, Luc, Kim, Cecilia E., Glessner, Joseph T., Grabs, Rosemarie, Casalunovo, Tracy, Taback, Shayne P., Frackelton, Edward C., Lawson, Margaret L., Robinson, Luke J., Capasso, Mario, Skraban, Robert, Lu, Yang, Chiavacci, Rosetta M., Stanley, Charles A., Kirsch, Susan E., Monos, Dimitri S., Devoto, Marcella, Qu, Hui-Qi, Polychronakos, Constantin, Proulx, Dominic Paquin, Lemieux, Réal, Bazin, Renée, Richard, Nathalie, Tseu, Irene, Post, Martin, Radina, M, Penner, MJ, Smith, RG, Samdup, D, Sebak, Safaa, Mirzaei, Maryam, Malhotra, Meenakshi, Kulamarva, Arun, Prakash, Satya, Tzankov, S., Bhangoo, M. K., Fan, A.C.Y., Young, J.C., Arulanandam, Rozanne, Cao, Jun, Vultur, Adina, Degeer, Jonathan, Larue, Lionel, Feracci, Hélène, Raptis, Leda, Vi, Linda, Gan, Bing Siang, O’gorman, David, Shao, W., and Saleh, M.

Subjects
cell division, implant osseo-integration, caspase-3, Bisphenol-A, heterokaryons, Ghana, Hsp70, stress, VAB-1 Eph Receptor, bone regeneration, protein folding, Rho GTPases, antibodies, implantation, adherence, oncogenic signaling, Hsc70s, polyploidy, genomic integrity, topoisomerase, fertility, shuttling, airway smooth muscle cells, Calcineurin, ADAM12, apoptosis, tyrosine kinase, cell signalling, CnABP, single-nucleotide polymorphism, developmental delay, Type 1 diabetes, cell-cell adhesion, tissue engineering, protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B, confluence, C. elegans, CSLSR Abstracts, pregnancy, interleukin 33, stretch, estrogens, RAS activation, tumour suppressor, antiretroviral therapy, DNA repair, autism, Hsp90, Dupuytren’s Disease, DAF-18/PTEN, Wilms’ tumor, intersferon-gamma, idiopathic toe walking, Hsc70, cytochrome C, megakaryocytes, metastasis, ADHD, chaperones, IGF, nucleoli, nucleolar targeting, epigenetics, uterus, Pax2, Stat3, nucleus, HIV, Krobo, illness narrative, demethylation, asthma, osteoporosis, bronchial biopsies, hematopoiesis, spermiogenesis, T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase, cadherin, blood platelet production, inflammation, genome-wide association, Abstracts from CSLSR, chromatin, accumulation, mitochondrial import
Published
2007

21. Controlled Trials of [HbA.sub.1c] c Measurements

Author

TABACK, SHAYNE P.

Subjects
Diabetes -- Care and treatment -- Research, Blood -- Analysis, Health, Care and treatment, Analysis
Abstract

Thaler et al. [1] have studied a clinically relevant research question in their recently published article. Specifically, they ask: Does the availability of rapid [HbA.sub.1c] measurement technology lead to changes [...]

Published
2000

25. Use of vitamin D supplements during infancy in an international feeding trial

Author

Lehtonen, Eveliina, primary, Ormisson, Anne, additional, Nucci, Anita, additional, Cuthbertson, David, additional, Sorkio, Susa, additional, Hyytinen, Mila, additional, Alahuhta, Kirsi, additional, Berseth, Carol, additional, Salonen, Marja, additional, Taback, Shayne, additional, Franciscus, Margaret, additional, González-Frutos, Teba, additional, E Korhonen, Tuuli, additional, L Lawson, Margaret, additional, J Becker, Dorothy, additional, P Krischer, Jeffrey, additional, Knip, Mikael, additional, M Virtanen, Suvi, additional, Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas, additional, Arjas, Elias, additional, Lernmark, Åke, additional, Schmidt, Barbara, additional, Krischer, Jeffrey P., additional, Åkerblom, Hans K., additional, Koski, Katriina, additional, Koski, Matti, additional, Pajakkala, Eeva, additional, Shanker, Linda, additional, Bradley, Brenda, additional, Dosch, Hans-Michael, additional, Dupré, John, additional, Fraser, William, additional, Lawson, Margaret, additional, Mahon, Jeffrey L., additional, Sermer, Mathew, additional, Taback, Shayne P., additional, Becker, Dorothy, additional, Palmer, Jerry, additional, Pekkala, Minna, additional, Virtanen, Suvi M., additional, Catteau, Jacki, additional, Howard, Neville, additional, Crock, Patricia, additional, Craig, Maria, additional, Clarson, Cheril L., additional, Bere, Lynda, additional, Thompson, David, additional, Metzger, Daniel, additional, Marshall, Colleen, additional, Kwan, Jennifer, additional, Stephure, David K., additional, Pacaud, Daniele, additional, Schwarz, Wendy, additional, Girgis, Rose, additional, Thompson, Marilyn, additional, Catte, Daniel, additional, Lawson, Margaret L., additional, Daneman, Denis, additional, Martin, Mary-Jean, additional, Morin, Valérie, additional, Frenette, Lyne, additional, Ferland, Suzanne, additional, Sanderson, Susan, additional, Heath, Kathy, additional, Huot, Céline, additional, Gonthier, Monique, additional, Thibeault, Maryse, additional, Legault, Laurent, additional, Laforte, Diane, additional, Cummings, Elizabeth A., additional, Scott, Karen, additional, Bridger, Tracey, additional, Crummell, Cheryl, additional, Houlden, Robyn, additional, Breen, Adriana, additional, Carson, George, additional, Kelly, Sheila, additional, Sankaran, Koravangattu, additional, Penner, Marie, additional, White, Richard A., additional, King, Nancy, additional, Popkin, James, additional, Robson, Laurie, additional, Al Taji, Eva, additional, Aldhoon, Irena, additional, Mendlova, Pavla, additional, Vavrinec, Jan, additional, Vosahlo, Jan, additional, Brazdova, Ludmila, additional, Venhacova, Jitrenka, additional, Venhacova, Petra, additional, Cipra, Adam, additional, Tomsikova, Zdenka, additional, Krckova, Petra, additional, Gogelova, Pavla, additional, Einberg, Ülle, additional, Riikjärv, Mall-Anne, additional, Tillmann, Vallo, additional, Kleemola, Päivi, additional, Parkkola, Anna, additional, Suomalainen, Heli, additional, Järvenpää, Anna-Liisa, additional, Hämälainen, Anu-Maaria, additional, Haavisto, Hannu, additional, Tenhola, Sirpa, additional, Lautala, Pentti, additional, Salonen, Pia, additional, Aspholm, Susanna, additional, Siljander, Heli, additional, Holm, Carita, additional, Ylitalo, Samuli, additional, Lounamaa, Raisa, additional, Nuuja, Anja, additional, Talvitie, Timo, additional, Lindström, Kaija, additional, Huopio, Hanna, additional, Pesola, Jouni, additional, Veijola, Riitta, additional, Tapanainen, Päivi, additional, Alar, Abram, additional, Korpela, Paavo, additional, Käär, Marja-Liisa, additional, Mustila, Taina, additional, Virransalo, Ritva, additional, Nykänen, Päivi, additional, Aschemeier, Bärbel, additional, Danne, Thomas, additional, Kordonouri, Olga, additional, Krikovszky, Dóra, additional, Madácsy, László, additional, Khazrai, Yeganeh Manon, additional, Maddaloni, Ernesto, additional, Pozzilli, Paolo, additional, Mannu, Carla, additional, Songini, Marco, additional, de Beaufort, Carine, additional, Schierloh, Ulrike, additional, Bruining, Jan, additional, Bisschoff, Margriet, additional, Basiak, Aleksander, additional, Wasikowa, Renata, additional, Ciechanowska, Marta, additional, Deja, Grazyna, additional, Jarosz-Chobot, Przemyslawa, additional, Szadkowska, Agnieszka, additional, Cypryk, Katarzyna, additional, Zawodniak-Szalapska, Malgorzata, additional, Castano, Luis, additional, Gonzalez Frutos, Teba, additional, Oyarzabal, Mirentxu, additional, Serrano-Ríos, Manuel, additional, Martínez-Larrad, María Teresa, additional, Hawkins, Federico Gustavo, additional, Rodriguez Arnau, Dolores, additional, Ludvigsson, Johnny, additional, Smolinska Konefal, Malgorzata, additional, Hanas, Ragnar, additional, Lindblad, Bengt, additional, Nilsson, Nils-Osten, additional, Fors, Hans, additional, Nordwall, Maria, additional, Lindh, Agne, additional, Edenwall, Hans, additional, Aman, Jan, additional, Johansson, Calle, additional, Gadient, Margrit, additional, Schoenle, Eugen, additional, Daftary, Ashi, additional, Gilmour, Carol, additional, Taculad, Rachel, additional, Tanner-Blasiar, Marilyn, additional, White, Neil, additional, Devaskar, Uday, additional, Horowitz, Heather, additional, Rogers, Lisa, additional, Colon, Roxana, additional, Frazer, Teresa, additional, Torres, Jose, additional, Goland, Robin, additional, Greenberg, Ellen, additional, Nelson, Maudene, additional, Schachner, Holly, additional, Softness, Barney, additional, Ilonen, Jorma, additional, Trucco, Massimo, additional, Nichol, Lynn, additional, Savilahti, Erkki, additional, Härkönen, Taina, additional, Vaarala, Outi, additional, and Luopajärvi, Kristiina, additional

Published
2013
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32. Propofol for sedation during colonoscopy

Author

Singh, Harminder, primary, Poluha, William, additional, Cheang, Mary, additional, Choptain, Nicole, additional, Inegbu, Ernest, additional, Baron, Ken, additional, and Taback, Shayne P, additional

Published
2008
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38. Glucocorticoid‐related changes in body mass index among children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases

Author

Shiff, Natalie J., Brant, Rollin, Guzman, Jaime, Cabral, David A., Huber, Adam M., Miettunen, PaiviMm., Roth, Johannes, Scuccimarri, Rosie, Alos, Nathalie, Atkinson, Stephanie A., Collet, Jean Paul, Couch, Robert, Cummings, Elizabeth A., Dent, Peter B., Ellsworth, Janet, Hay, John, Houghton, Kristin, Jurencak, Roman, Lang, Bianca, Larche, Maggie, LeBlanc, Claire, Rodd, Celia, Saint‐Cyr, Claire, Stein, Robert, Stephure, David, Taback, Shayne, Rauch, Frank, and Ward, Leanne M.

Published
2013
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40. Incident vertebral fractures among children with rheumatic disorders 12 months after glucocorticoid initiation: A national observational study

Author

Rodd, Celia, Lang, Bianca, Ramsay, Timothy, Alos, Nathalie, Huber, Adam M., Cabral, David A., Scuccimarri, Rosie, Miettunen, Paivi M., Roth, Johannes, Atkinson, Stephanie A., Couch, Robert, Cummings, Elizabeth A., Dent, Peter B., Ellsworth, Janet, Hay, John, Houghton, Kristin, Jurencak, Roman, Larché, Maggie, LeBlanc, Claire, Oen, Kiem, Saint‐Cyr, Claire, Stein, Robert, Stephure, David, Taback, Shayne, Lentle, Brian, Matzinger, Maryann, Shenouda, Nazih, Moher, David, Rauch, Frank, Siminoski, Kerry, and Ward, Leanne M.

Published
2012
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41. Use of vitamin D supplements during infancy in an international feeding trial

Author

Lehtonen, Eveliina, Ormisson, Anne, Nucci, Anita, Cuthbertson, David, Sorkio, Susa, Hyytinen, Mila, Alahuhta, Kirsi, Berseth, Carol, Salonen, Marja, Taback, Shayne, Franciscus, Margaret, Gonzalez-Frutos, Teba, Korhonen, Tuuli E., Lawson, Margaret L., Becker, Dorothy J., Krischer, Jeffrey P., Knip, Mikael, Virtanen, Suvi M., Trigr, Investigators, Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas, Arjas, Elias, Lernmark, Ake, Schmidt, Barbara, Akerblom, Hans K., Koski, Katriina, Koski, Matti, Pajakkala, Eeva, Shanker, Linda, Bradley, Brenda, Dosch, Hans-Michael, Dupre, John, Fraser, William, Lawson, Margaret, Mahon, Jeffrey L., Sermer, Mathew, Taback, Shayne P., Becker, Dorothy, Palmer, Jerry, Pekkala, Minna, Catteau, Jacki, Howard, Neville, Crock, Patricia, Craig, Maria, Clarson, Cheril L., Bere, Lynda, Thompson, David, Metzger, Daniel, Marshall, Colleen, Kwan, Jennifer, Stephure, David K., Pacaud, Daniele, Schwarz, Wendy, Girgis, Rose, Thompson, Marilyn, Catte, Daniel, Daneman, Denis, Martin, Mary-Jean, Morin, Valerie, Frenette, Lyne, Ferland, Suzanne, Sanderson, Susan, Heath, Kathy, Huot, Celine, Gonthier, Monique, Thibeault, Maryse, Legault, Laurent, Laforte, Diane, Cummings, Elizabeth A., Scott, Karen, Bridger, Tracey, Crummell, Cheryl, Houlden, Robyn, Breen, Adriana, Carson, George, Kelly, Sheila, Sankaran, Koravangattu, Penner, Marie, White, Richard A., King, Nancy, Popkin, James, Robson, Laurie, Al Taji, Eva, Aldhoon, Irena, Mendlova, Pavla, Vavrinec, Jan, Vosahlo, Jan, Brazdova, Ludmila, Venhacova, Jitrenka, Venhacova, Petra, Cipra, Adam, Tomsikova, Zdenka, Krckova, Petra, Gogelova, Pavla, Einberg, Ulle, Riikjarv, Mall-Anne, Vallo Tillmann, Kleemola, Paivi, Parkkola, Anna, Suomalainen, Heli, Jarvenpaa, Anna-Liisa, Hamalainen, Anu-Maaria, Haavisto, Hannu, Tenhola, Sirpa, Lautala, Pentti, Salonen, Pia, Aspholm, Susanna, Siljander, Heli, Holm, Carita, Ylitalo, Samuli, Lounamaa, Raisa, Nuuja, Anja, Talvitie, Timo, Lindstrom, Kaija, Huopio, Hanna, Pesola, Jouni, Veijola, Riitta, Tapanainen, Paivi, Alar, Abram, Korpela, Paavo, Kaar, Marja-Liisa, Mustila, Taina, Virransalo, Ritva, Nykanen, Paivi, Aschemeier, Barbel, Danne, Thomas, Kordonouri, Olga, Krikovszky, Dora, Madacsy, Laszlo, Khazrai, Yeganeh Manon, Maddaloni, Ernesto, Pozzilli, Paolo, Mannu, Carla, Songini, Marco, Beaufort, Carine, Schierloh, Ulrike, Bruining, Jan, Bisschoff, Margriet, Basiak, Aleksander, Wasikowa, Renata, Ciechanowska, Marta, Deja, Grazyna, Jarosz-Chobot, Przemyslawa, Szadkowska, Agnieszka, Cypryk, Katarzyna, Zawodniak-Szalapska, Malgorzata, Castano, Luis, Frutos, Teba Gonzalez, Oyarzabal, Mirentxu, Serrano-Rios, Manuel, Martinez-Larrad, Maria Teresa, Hawkins, Federico Gustavo, Arnau, Dolores Rodriguez, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Konefal, Malgorzata Smolinska, Hanas, Ragnar, Lindblad, Bengt, Nilsson, Nils-Osten, Fors, Hans, Nordwall, Maria, Lindh, Agne, Edenwall, Hans, Aman, Jan, Johansson, Calle, Gadient, Margrit, Schoenle, Eugen, Daftary, Ashi, Gilmour, Carol, Taculad, Rachel, Tanner-Blasiar, Marilyn, White, Neil, Devaskar, Uday, Horowitz, Heather, Rogers, Lisa, Colon, Roxana, Frazer, Teresa, Torres, Jose, Goland, Robin, Greenberg, Ellen, Nelson, Maudene, Schachner, Holly, Softness, Barney, Ilonen, Jorma, Trucco, Massimo, Nichol, Lynn, Savilahti, Erkki, Harkonen, Taina, Vaarala, Outi, and Luopajarvi, Kristiina

42. Controlled Trials of HbA[sub 1c] Measurements.

Author

Taback, Shayne P.

Subjects
*TREATMENT of diabetes, *DISEASE management, *HEALTH outcome assessment
Abstract

Comments on the study conducted by Thaler, et al, on the effect of rapid HbA... measurement technology on the changes in diabetes management and outcome. Presence of biased results due to confounding; Influence of patient characteristics on the system; Response of Imad El-Kebbi on the comments of Taback regarding randomization of patients receiving a conventional or rapid HbA... measurement.

Published
2000
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50. WITHDRAWN: Metoclopramide, thickened feedings, and positioning for gastro-oesophageal reflux in children under two years.

Author

Craig WR, Hanlon-Dearman A, Sinclair C, Taback SP, and Moffatt M

Subjects
Gastroesophageal Reflux diet therapy, Gastroesophageal Reflux drug therapy, Humans, Infant, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dopamine Antagonists therapeutic use, Gastroesophageal Reflux therapy, Infant Food, Metoclopramide therapeutic use, Posture
Abstract

Background: Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) is the refluxing of gastric contents into the esophagus. Fifty per cent of all infants 0 to 3 months regurgitate at least once a day. This drops to 5% once infants are 10 to 12 months old. Three per cent of parents of 10 to 12 month old infants view this as a problem., Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of thickened feeds, positioning, and metoclopramide as compared to placebo in improving the outcome of GER in developmentally normal infants aged one month to two years., Search Strategy: Trials were identified by searching Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2003), MEDLINE (January 1966 to 23 January 2003), EMBASE (January 1985 to 27 January 2003), and reference lists of articles. Searches in all databases were updated in April 2009., Selection Criteria: Randomised studies (parallel or cross over) which evaluated thickened feeds, positional alternations or metoclopramide for the treatment of GER in children between the age of one month and two years who were developmentally normal., Data Collection and Analysis: All three reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Adverse effects information was collected from the trials., Main Results: Twenty trials involving 771 children met the inclusion criteria: eight dealt with thickened feeds, five with positioning, and seven with metoclopramide. Few comparisons could be made, and so summary measures were often made with two or three studies. Thickened feeds reduce the regurgitation severity score (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.94;95% confidence interval -1.35 to -0.52), as well as the frequency of emesis (SMD -0.91; confidence interval -1.22 to -0.61). The reflux index was not reduced (weighted mean difference (WMD) 0.48%; 95% confidence interval -3.27 to 4.23). All five positioning studies utilized esophageal pH monitoring as their outcome measure. Elevating the head of the crib for treating reflux in the supine position is not justifiable. The seven metoclopramide studies used a variety of outcomes. Compared to placebo, metoclopramide appears to reduce daily symptoms ( SMD -0.73; 95% confidence interval -1.16 to -0.30), and reduce the reflux index (WMD -2.80%; 95% confidence interval -5.58 to -0.01). It does increase side effects., Authors' Conclusions: Thickened feeds are helpful in reducing the symptoms of GER. Elevating the head of the crib in the supine position does not have any effect. Metoclopramide may have some benefit in comparison to placebo in the symptomatic treatment for GER, but that must be weighed against possible side effects. .

Published
2010
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