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Purpose: Nurse turnover in critical care units (CCU) significantly affects patient outcomes and health systems worldwide. To safeguard patient care quality, hospitals must address the underlying reasons for turnover and strategize to retain their skilled nursing workforce. The study proposes a prescriptive framework to reduce nurse turnover in CCUs. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the integrated methodology of Delphi-AHP-Entropy was used for the comparative prioritization of factors and subfactors that influence nursing staff turnover in CCUs. Findings: Study findings reveal that "Organizational factors" and "Individual factors" dictate critical care nurse attrition rate. At the subfactor level, staffing policy, chronic fatigue, and perceived career are the leading concerns for the decision of nurses whether to work or leave. Research limitations/implications: This study is valuable for both researchers and healthcare professionals. It examines whether actions related to nurse retention align with existing theory and identifies areas requiring further theoretical or applied studies to enhance understanding in this area. This insight can bolster the field's knowledge base and integrate theoretical and applied knowledge effectively. Additionally, for healthcare professionals, the study provides an overview of key factors conducive to retaining nursing staff in the CCU, offering valuable guidance for implementing effective strategies. Originality/value: This study uniquely positions itself by presenting a comprehensive and prescriptive framework for critical care nurse retention in the UAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study investigated the number of public health nurses (PHNs) and the turnover rates of PHNs working in small municipal administrations on remote islands throughout Japan. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered on 359 remote islands, each with a population of less than 5000, including islands connected to the Japanese mainland by a bridge or road. The survey questionnaire asked about the number of PHNs stationed on the remote islands, their length of service, the number of retirees, and the ages of those who had retired. Results: Of the 353 islands which responded, 30 islands had a total of 77 PHNs. Of those 30 islands, 29 were isolated islands that were not connected to the mainland by a bridge or road. The turnover rate of PHNs on the 29 islands was 13.3%. Conclusion: The turnover rate of 13.3% for PHNs on remote islands (with no bridge or road) with a population of less than 5000 was higher than the 7.9% turnover rate for PHNs in municipalities of equal size. To maintain the quality of life of island residents, preventing PHNs from leaving their jobs is an important challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are enzymes that transfer sugars to various targets. They play important roles in diverse biological processes, including photosynthesis, cell motility, exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism; however, their involvement in regulating carbon metabolism in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has not been reported.We identified a novel GT protein, Slr1064, involved in carbon metabolism. The effect of slr1064 deletion on the growth of Synechocystis cells and functional mechanisms of Slr1064 on carbon metabolism were thoroughly investigated through physiological, biochemistry, proteomic, and metabolic analyses.We found that this GT, which is mainly distributed in the membrane compartment, is essential for the growth of Synechocystis under heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, but not under autotrophic conditions. The deletion of slr1064 hampers the turnover rate of Gap2 under mixotrophic conditions and disrupts the assembly of the PRK/GAPDH/CP12 complex under dark culture conditions. Additionally, UDP‐GlcNAc, the pivotal metabolite responsible for the O‐GlcNAc modification of GAPDH, is downregulated in the Δslr1064.Our work provides new insights into the role of GTs in carbon metabolism in Synechocystis and elucidate the mechanism by which carbon metabolism is regulated in this important model organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate how the long-term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments affects the turnover rates of organic matter in physico-chemically fractionated components in paddy soils and how their rates are related to their amounts, we studied the effect of variable management of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments for > 50 years on the ∆14C values of accumulated soil organic carbon (SOC) in fractionated components of 5 soil samples from three paddy fields. SOC was fractionated into four components based on their physico-chemical properties: (1) light fraction (LF) derived from plant residues, (2) heavy fraction (HF) containing stable aggregates, (3) oxidizable fraction (OxF) and (4) non-oxidizable fraction (NOxF) forming organo-mineral complexes with fine-textured minerals. The ∆14C values were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry using graphitized samples. The ∆14C values of SOC in NOxF (from −305‰ to − 90.5‰) were much lower than those of HF (from −123‰ to − 3.7‰) and OxF (from −215‰ to 21.0‰). Lowest values for NOxF suggested slowest turnover rates as expected, and higher and comparable values for OxF and HF implied much faster turnover rates of SOC in OxF compared with upland soils. This could be one of the characteristics of SOC dynamics in paddy soils, probably reflecting repeated puddling of plow layer soils. ∆14C values in all the fractions increased in response to the application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments, suggesting faster turnover rate. Soils with clayey and weathered characteristics had the lowest ∆14C values, or slowest turnover rates among the study fields. The relationship between the ∆14C value and the amount of accumulated C for HF, OxF and NOxF indicated that the more the SOC accumulated, the faster the turnover rate of the SOC was, regardless of the fractions, and the relationship of the HF was considerably different from those of OxF and NOxF. In conclusion, these results can be the basis for understanding the C dynamics and for improving soil fertility status and soil C sequestration in paddy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium is a toxic metal that affects many organ systems in the body. Medetomidine is an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist reported to reduce glutathione (GSH) levels in tissues. We used the effect of medetomidine to determine GSH levels and turnover rates in the brain and liver of mice acutely treated with cadmium. Female mice were treated with either saline (control) or cadmium chloride at 2 mg cadmium/5 ml saline/kg of body weight, itraperitoneally (ip), followed one hour later with medetomidine at 0.2 mg/kg of body weight, ip. Five hours after the medetomidine administration, the mice were sacrificed using terminal ether anesthesia to obtain the whole brain and liver. GSH level was determined in the homogenized brain or liver spectrophotometrically. Turnover parameters (efflux rate constant-k, turnover time, and turnover rate) of GSH were estimated by a steady state kinetic relationship. The levels of GSH after medetomidine or cadmium + medetomidine treatments were reduced in the brain (12.4% and 11.4%, respectively) and liver (3.8% and 15.1%, respectively) of mice in comparison with respective control values. Cadmium reduced GSH trunover rate in the brain of mice by 8% with a corresponding decrease in k value by 8% and an increase of 9% in the turnover time. In the liver, it increased the turnover rate by 320% with a corresponding increase in k value by 319% and a reduction of turnover time by 76%. In conclusion, cadmium differentially affected GSH levels and turnover rates in the brain and liver of mice. Medetomidine administration was found to be a potential simple tool to determine GSH turnover and related parameters in tissues.

The selection of explanatory variables is important in modeling prediction of changes in species distribution in response to climate change. In this study, we evaluated the importance of variable selection in species distribution models. We compared two different types of models for predicting the distribution of ant species: temperature-only and both temperature and precipitation. Ants were collected at 343 forest sites across South Korea from 2006 through 2009. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to predict the future distribution of 16 species that showed significant responses to changes in climatic factors (temperature and/or precipitation). Four types of GAMs were constructed: temperature, temperature with interaction of precipitation, temperature and precipitation without interaction, and temperature and precipitation with interaction. Most species displayed similar results between the temperatureonly and the temperature and precipitation models. The results for predicted changes in species richness were different from the temperature-only model. This indicates higher uncertainty in the prediction of species richness, which is obtained by combining the prediction results of distribution change for each species, than in the prediction of distribution change. The turnover rate of the ant assemblages was predicted to increase with decreases in temperature and increases in elevation, which was consistent with other studies. Finally, our results showed that the prediction of the distribution or diversity of organisms responding to climate change is uncertain because of the high variability of the model outputs induced by the variables used in the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transporter-mediated clearance is determined by two factors, its single-molecule clearance, and expression level. However, no reliable method has been developed to evaluate them separately. This study aimed to develop a reliable method for evaluating the single-molecule activity of membrane transporters, such as organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 2B1.HEK293 cells that co-expressed large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel and OATP2B1 were established and used for the following experiments. i) BK channel-mediated whole-cell conductance was measured using patch-clamp technique and divided by its unitary conductance to estimate the number of channels on plasma membrane (QI). ii) Using plasma membrane fraction, quantitative targeted absolute proteomics determined the stoichiometric ratio (ρ) of OATP2B1 to BK channel. iii) The uptake of estrone 3-sulfate was evaluated to calculate the Michaelis constant and uptake clearance (CL) per cell. Single-molecule clearance (CLint) was calculated by dividing CL by QI·ρ.QI and ρ values were estimated to be 916 and 2.16, respectively, yielding CLint of 5.23 fL/min/molecule. We successfully developed a novel method to reliably measure the single-molecule activity of a transporter, which could be used to evaluate the influences of factors such as genetic variations and post-translational modifications on the intrinsic activity of transporters.

The paper explores the relationship between Central bank independence (CBI) and fiscal deficit in India. Moreover, the study tries to assess the impact of CBI on the levels of fiscal deficit. The study incorporates other variables like Gross Domestic Product, financial development, and trade openness to analyze their impact on the fiscal deficit. The study employed Auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) Bounds test developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) to examine the long-run relationship between CBI and fiscal deficit. The study also employs a legal index for measuring CBI developed by Jasmine et al (2019) as well as an actual measure of independence developed by Cukierman (1992) to measure CBI in India. The study confirms the long-run relationship between the CBI and fiscal deficit as well as among other variables. An increase in the levels of CBI leads to falling in the levels of fiscal deficit. The other explanatory variables used in the study also confirm the long-run relationship and impact fiscal deficit negatively except for trade openness, which positively impacts the fiscal deficit.

The trophic discrimination factor (TDF) is a key parameter for stable isotope analysis and due to a lack of species-specific TDFs, mean universal values have been used, resulting in uncertainties about the trophic position of species and a call for more experiments. In this study, we have addressed the lack of experimental species-specific TDFs conducting three experiments of 128 days each to determine the TDF (muscle and liver) of three species, the piscivore Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), and the omnivores Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) and Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875), tropical fishes native to the La Plata River basin. Then, we calculated the trophic position (TP) using the mean universal TDF from literature and the species-specific TDF produced in this study for Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. We estimated the TDFs for the three species through experiment and the values found differed from the mean universal TDF in the literature. Moreover, the TP was lower when using the species-specific TDFs. The TP is important for several analyses, including its use in functional diversity. Therefore, we recommend using species-specific TDF values for calculating TP once it differs from the results calculated with mean universal TDF.

This qualitative study explored potential factors that lead to turnover and absenteeism and how to improve well-being and retention among professional older-adult-caregivers in Alberta's assisted living (AL) and long-term care (LTC) facilities. Four hundred and forty-seven participants aged 45–54 years were interviewed through a five-item, content-validated open-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was self-administered in the English language and the soft copy of their responses was transferred into NVIVO version 12 software for coding. A thematic narrative analysis grounded in the "happy productive worker" theory was completed. The main themes were caregivers' perception of the factors affecting their well-being, absenteeism, and turnover, and caregivers' suggestions on ways to improve their well-being and retention. Participants reported that their professional well-being was suboptimal. They suggested that their employers should provide them with the needed social, psychological, and professional support, improve wages and hire more staff to ameliorate absenteeism and turnover rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Accounting Institute / Muhasebe Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Accounting Institute / Muhasebe Enstitusu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Social Research / Turkiye Sosyal Arastirmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose Over the past decade there has been increased attention on the need for highly skilled and trained pharmacy technicians; however, few best practices to assist health-system pharmacies in meeting technician workforce challenges have been identified. These challenges have been further revealed since 2019 through rising inflation, increased cost of living, and competing opportunities for skilled technical workers. This article describes an 18-hospital academic health system's experience implementing an innovative pharmacy technician career structure focused on increasing pharmacy technician engagement as well as improving recruitment and retention. Methods Prior to creating a new career structure, the department of pharmacy had one development track for pharmacy technicians, which included only 2 nonsupervisory job titles. Due to recruitment, retention, and employee engagement challenges, the department of pharmacy, in collaboration with the human resources department, developed a new pharmacy technician structure that included 3 pharmacy technician tracks and 4 nonsupervisory levels. Outcomes collected to determine the success of the program included pharmacy technician engagement survey scores, annual voluntary turnover rate, rolling 12-month voluntary turnover rate, monthly vacancy rate, and average years of service at termination. The monthly discharge prescription capture rate was also measured to support efforts to keep the cost of the new structure budget neutral. Conclusion The change in career structure assisted in the improvement of each outcome identified. The close collaboration of the departments of pharmacy and human resources can lead to positive solutions of national problems and have a sustained impact on department operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugammadex has several pharmacological advantages over neostigmine, including faster reversal of neuromuscular blockade and fewer adverse effects. However, the economic impact of sugammadex remains controversial due to the considerable heterogeneity of study designs and clinical settings in previous studies. In a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated patients who underwent elective surgeries and general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in a medical center in Taiwan between March 2020 and August 2020. Patients were divided into either the sugammadex or neostigmine group based on the neuromuscular blocking drug used. Propensity score matching was used to balance the baseline patient characteristics between the two groups. The patient's recovery from anesthesia and the putative cost-effectiveness of sugammadex versus neostigmine was assessed. Derived cost-effectiveness using personnel costs in the operating room and the post-anesthesia care unit was estimated using multiple linear regression models. A total of 2587 and 1784 patients were included before and after matching, respectively. Time to endotracheal extubation was significantly shorter in the sugammadex group (mean 6.0 ± standard deviation 5.3 min) compared with the neostigmine group (6.6 ± 6.3 min; p = 0.0032). In addition, the incidence of bradycardia was significantly lower in the sugammadex group (10.2%) compared with the neostigmine group (16.9%; p < 0.001). However, the total costs were significantly lower in the neostigmine group (50.6 ± 21.4 United States dollars) compared with the sugammadex group (212.0 ± 49.5 United States dollars). Despite improving postoperative recovery, the benefits of sugammadex did not outweigh its higher costs compared with neostigmine, possibly due to the low costs of labor in Taiwan's healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three institutions predominantly care for preschool children in Japan: kindergartens, authorized childcare institutions, and nursery centers. Recently, the turnover rates of preschool workers in these institutions have been high, and Japan has been facing a shortage of kindergarten teachers. The study aimed to provide concrete counterplans to reduce preschool workers' turnover rate. To determine the causes of turnover, we conducted a cross-sectional survey. We recruited preschool workers from several kindergartens, authorized childcare institutions, and nursery centers in Japan to fill out a survey regarding counterplans for employment. Of the 1002 surveys, 551 (541 women; 10 men) complete surveys were received (response rate: 55%). A total of 295 participants answered that they were unwilling to continue working for longer than five years and completed the questionnaires. The Jiro Kawakita method was used to categorize and analyze the four sections of the counterplan questionnaires. The results showed that the main reasons for high turnover were overtime work, low salary, and difficult human relations. To solve these issues, the counterplan ideas such as workshop ideas and conditions conducive to continuing working longer were related to human relations, work conditions, and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The belowground systems of trees have a major role in forest functioning through absorption of water and nutrient cycling. This study deals with the fine root dynamics including fine root biomass, necromass, production, turnover, and nutrient return in transitional Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) dominated sub-tropical forest ecosystems of Central Himalaya, India. Four sites namely, Site-1 (Kaladhungi), Site-2 (Fatehpur), Site-3 (Ranibagh), Site-4 (Amritpur) were selected in Sal forest within an elevational range between 405 and 580 m above sea level. The dominant and associated co-dominant species were selected from each site for the estimation of fine root dynamics by using sequential core and ingrowth core methods. The results revealed that the fine root biomass, necromass, and production were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by location, seasons, and soil properties. The fine root biomass and production decreased with increasing soil depth and also influenced by stand characteristics including tree density and basal area. The rainy season was most productive with maximum fine root biomass (507.37 kg ha–1) as well as fine root production (600.26 kg ha–1 season–1) in the dominant tree species S. robusta. Among the associated co-dominant tree species highest fine root biomass (330.48 kg ha–1) and fine root production (410.04 kg ha–1 season–1) was reported for Tectona grandis L. during the rainy season, while lowest fine root biomass (126.72 kg ha–1) and fine root production (195.59 kg ha–1 season–1) in the Glochidion velutinum Wight tree species during the winter season. Annual fine root production ranged from 460.26 to 1583.55 kg ha–1 yr –1, while turnover rate varied from 1.37 to 4.45 yr–1 across all the studied sites. The fine roots added carbon input of 154.38 to 564.20 kg ha–1 yr–1 and nitrogen input of 6.58 to 24.34 kg ha–1 yr–1 to the soil through annual flux. The study improves our understanding on fine root parameters under the influence of sites, soils and seasonal and spatial variation. The return of nutrients to the soil through fluxes from the roots illustrates the role of fine roots in carbon and nitrogen cycling of the forests and this potential can be harnessed to assess the long-term carbon and nitrogen pool estimations in forests and to plan and manage the forest ecosystems.

This study estimated seasonal variations among several parameters of the fine roots and N dynamics in Mangifera indica‐based agroforestry systems; we examined homegarden (HG), agri‐horticulture (AH) and agri‐horti‐silviculture (AHS) systems in the Bhabhar area of the Indian Central Himalayan region. Fine roots biomass (FRB) and fine roots production (FRP) of M. indica were highest in the AH system and lowest in the HG system while fine roots turnover (FRT) showed a reverse trend. FRB, FRP and FRT rates decreased with soil depth and distance from the tree base, with larger variations in the AH system. The biomass: necromass ratio varied between 1.91 and 2.42 for HG, between 2.27 and 3.29 for AH and between 2.09 and 2.46 for AHS systems. Among all the selected agroforestry systems, concentrations of mineral N (NH4‐N and NO3‐N) were higher in the AH system and lower in the AHS system while net N mineralization rates were higher in the AHS system. In HGs, FRB it was significantly correlated with ammonification, nitrification and N mineralization while in the AH system it was positively correlated with nitrification and N mineralization. In the AHS system, it was positively correlated with ammonification only. Thus, it can be concluded that in agroforestry systems FRB was enhanced by rapid N mineralization. The variability in FRB and N mineralization between selected agroforestry systems were possibly due to the differences in soil characteristics and management practices. For enrichment of soil nutrients, the contribution of fine roots could be of more importance through the process of decomposition under the prevailing agroforestry systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Training and personal development programs (TPDPs) positively impact the employees’ skills and knowledge, impelling the organizational performance. Thus, TPDPs are responsible for improving overall performance, productivity, and profitability. In this paper, we approach relationships among training, employees' performance, satisfaction, and turnover within private and public organizations in Romania from an empirical point of view. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships among research variables, obtained by applying a questionnaire to employees of organizations that have conducted TPDPs. The research results show a positive influence of TPDPs on employee performance and satisfaction and a negative influence on employees' turnover rate.

With the aggravation of air pollution, the impact of air pollution on the stock market, especially from the perspective of investor sentiment, has been of great concern and widely discussed. Based on data from China's A-share listed firms from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, the relationship between urban air pollution and stock liquidity of listed firms and the internal mechanism is examined. Firstly, based on local preference theory, we start by predicting the impact of air pollution on stock liquidity. We, then, build a regression model for air pollution and stock liquidity, introducing the intermediary effect model to detect the relationship between the two and its mechanism. Finally, by subdividing the samples, we discuss the differential impact of air pollution on stock liquidity under different circumstances. We found that when air pollution worsens it reduces stock liquidity. The results of the mechanism analysis show that investor sentiment plays an intermediary role in the process of air pollution affecting stock liquidity, and pessimism induced by air pollution can reduce stock liquidity. Heterogeneity test results show that there are differences in the impact of air pollution on stock liquidity between heavily polluting firms and non-heavily polluting firms, different industries, different city sizes, and different levels of air pollution, has a greater effect in non-heavily polluting enterprises, manufacturing and other industries, medium sized cities and light pollution. The results of this research have important reference value for environmental protection departments to establish and improve air pollution monitoring systems and for listed firms to improve stock liquidity and deal with the environmental financial risks appropriately.

Abstract Background Old-growth forests are irreplaceable with respect to climate change mitigation and have considerable carbon (C) sink potential in soils. However, the relationship between the soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover rate and forest development is poorly understood, which hinders our ability to assess the C sequestration capacity of soil in old-growth forests. Methods In this study, we evaluated the SOC turnover rate by calculating the isotopic enrichment factor β (defined as the slope of the regression between 13C natural abundance and log-transformed C concentrations) along 0–30 cm soil profiles in three successional forests in subtropical China. A lower β (steeper slope) is associated with a higher turnover rate. The three forests were a 60-year-old P. massoniana forest (PF), a 100-year-old coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest (MF), and a 400-year-old monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest (BF). We also analyzed the soil physicochemical properties in these forests to examine the dynamics of SOC turnover during forest succession and the main regulators. Results The β value for the upper 30-cm soils in the BF was significantly (p

Parking facility is one of the important means to regulate traffic and facilitate the movement of vehicles in commercial, industrial and entertainment areas. On-street parking is one of the most important problems that need to be managed and organized, especially at peak hours for the area. In the Mansour area and Al-Rowad Street in particular, it is one of the important streets in the city of Baghdad and is due to the presence of various commercial centers, such as Al-Mansour Mall, in addition to shopping centers, restaurants, medical clinics and educational centers. The study took place during the week. The data collection time is for five hours (5: 00-10: 00) PM . The mechanism for collecting data was manually. The data showed that the peak hours start from five in the afternoon and continue until ten in the evening. According to the cumulative scheme, the rush hour was at 8:00 pm with 150 vehicles, as the street capacity is 168 spaces. Moreover, the duration time ranged between (30-60) minutes. Turnover rate was 2.16.

Objective: To establish that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government is actively promoting Chinese medicine (CM) and to examine turnover rate of Chinese medicine practitioners (CMPs) in Hong Kong, China in light of this governmental push. Methods: This study covered two major areas: reviewing CM development in Hong Kong, and assessing the turnover rate of CMPs in Hong Kong. The first part of the paper is a historical review. The investigation of turnover rate had two sections. Section 1, quantitative method, involved online questionnaires; Section 2, qualitative method comprised interviews with CMPs from different types of CM clinics to ascertain the reasons for the turnover among CMPs. Results: A total of 123 online questionnaires were received in Section 1 (55 from male CMPs; 66 from female CMPs; 2 respondents were unwilling to disclose their sex). The proportion of CMPs who had resigned in 2018–19 was 22.8% (28), of whom 5.7% (7) had resigned twice in one year. The rates of resignation in 3 years and 5 years were up to 40.7% (50) and 56.9% (70), respectively. Six CMPs were interviewed in Section 2. Young CMPs were more likely to resign than seniors. The large gap between actual salary and expectations appeared to be the main reason for the high rate of resignation. Conclusion: HKSAR government keenly desires to promote CM in Hong Kong, however, high turnover rate of CMPs was detected even under this positive governmental support. There is an urgent need to conduct a more representative study of the reasons for the inclination of CMPs in Hong Kong. The study highlights an important issue in CM development, and these results should remind different stakeholders in the CM industry and the government that CMPs need better career prospects and support in various areas.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the work world. One of the most visible impacts on employee lifecycles is the phenomenon called the great resignation, a massive wave of workers quitting across industries that began in 2021, after easing of the first pandemic restrictions. As this process is quite recent, there is a research gap in the field which has pushed the authors to examine this topic in more detail. The authors set the following research hypothesis: The great resignation is primarily caused by the ethical, cultural, relational, and personal factors. In order to verify it, the authors conducted original research and analyzed various desk studies. The research was done within a Berlin-based tech startup in the time frame between January 2020 and December 2021. Based on their findings, the authors concluded that the main reasons for employees leaving their workplaces are non-materialistic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Quds Open University for Administrative & Economic Research is the property of Al-Quds Open University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of setting up the trading suspension system is that if the stock trading faces a big shock, the stock exchange gives investors a buffer time to digest information by interrupting the stock trading temporarily, thereby improving the effectiveness of the stock market. However, in Chinese practice, the chaos has unpredictably happened that listed companies interrupt stock trading for a long time. The long-term trading suspension not only damages the stock trading rights of investors, but also hinders the internationalization of the Chinese capital market, against the original intention of establishing the trading suspension institution. Different from the existing literature, this paper inspects the specific implementation process of the trading suspension institution. Specifically, it analyzes the impact of the long-term trading suspension on the effectiveness of the stock market from three aspects: stock price volatility, turnover rate, and liquidity. Our research points out the key factor causing the failure of the trading suspension institution. The research sample is trading suspension events of Chinese listed companies with a suspension duration of more than one trading day (inter-day suspension) from 2011 to 2017. We collected the financial and stock trading information of listed companies by using the CSMAR database. Referring to Lee et al. (1994), we adopted the pseudo-halt matching methodology. First, we searched the sample that returns of the stock during the other normal trading are equal to those of the same stock before and after the trading suspension, and regarded the sample as a pseudo suspension group matching the trading suspension group. Second, we computed the difference in stock price volatility, turnover rate, and liquidity between the trading suspension group and the pseudo suspension group, so as to analyze the impact of trading suspension. It is found that a longer duration of trading suspension indicates a greater stock price volatility, a higher turnover rate, and a poorer liquidity after the resumption of trading. We have carried out the robustness test from four aspects: changing the matching principle of the pseudo suspension group, altering the test window period, distinguishing different sample periods, and changing the calculation method of the dependent variables. All the results further support our hypothesis. Compared with the existing literature, this paper has two marginal contributions. (1) The existing research analyzes the impact of establishing the trading suspension institution on the market mainly by using the abolishment of the abnormal fluctuation trading suspension institution as an exogenous shock. However, we observe the implementation process of the trading suspension institution and analyze how to establish the suspension institution from the duration of trading suspension. (2) The existing literature focuses on the suspension lasting less than one trading day. This paper expands to inter-day suspensions lasting more than one trading day and analyzes how the long-term suspension harms the effectiveness of the stock market. In November 2018, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) issued the Guiding Opinions on Improving the Rules for the Suspension and Resumption of Trading of Stocks of Listed Companies, which shortens the time limit on trading suspension. Our research provides empirical evidence for the reform of the trading suspension institution. In addition, we come up with some suggestions for improving the trading suspension institution. For example, it is worth considering optimizing the time limit for various suspensions, binding the duration of suspension to the list of constituent stocks of important indexes, and regularly announcing companies with abnormal suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent meta-analytic studies imply that groups often find ways of neutralizing turnover's harmful effects and that important moderators of the turnover–performance relationship must be missing from the literature. Building on theory and findings related to the threat–rigidity effect, we suggest that groups tend to respond maladaptively to turnover when group norms promote the idea that turnover is threatening. Specifically, we suggest that prevention climate—that is, a climate focused on minimizing mistakes and costs—largely determines the degree to which group norms encourage members to view turnover as threatening and, in turn, the degree to which groups become less adaptive and perform worse in response to turnover. Across a sample of 232 groups, we found evidence that turnover is indeed more negatively related to performance for those groups with a strong prevention climate. Further, in a controlled laboratory context where we manipulated turnover and prevention climate, we found causal evidence supporting our full conceptual model. Our work advances research on turnover by identifying an important moderator and an underlying mechanism of the turnover–performance relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The northern slope water of the South China Sea (SCS) is oligotrophic. The regenerated nitrogen from dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has been suggested to play a pivotal role in sustaining primary productivity; however, DON cycling has not been investigated there. Dissolved free amino acids (DFAAs) and polyamines (DFPAs) are two major groups of labile DON that are used rapidly by heterotrophic bacteria, and important in nitrogen cycling. Here, we measured turnover rates and concentrations of representative DFAAs (arginine and glutamic acid) and DFPAs (putrescine) in waters of the northern slope of the SCS, to estimate uptake rates and evaluate their potentials to fulfill carbon and nitrogen demands of bacterial production. Furthermore, homologs of genes encoding transporter systems for arginine (aotJ) and putrescine (potD/potF) were quantified in metagenomes from four depths at two sampling stations. The taxa encoding these genes were identified to gain insight into the composition of microbial communities potentially utilizing DFAAs and DFPAs. We found that uptake rates of two DFAAs and putrescine were more rapid than measured previously in seawater with similar environmental characteristics. The uptake of arginine and glutamic acids was estimated to account for 2.4-51% (19 ± 14%) and 2.7-59% (24 ± 20%) of bacterial carbon and nitrogen demand, respectively, and putrescine uptake contributed 4.4-100% (27 ± 33%) and 13-293% (80 ± 96%), respectively. Spatial variation in uptake rates indicated that biogeochemical cycling of DFAAs was distinct from that of DFPAs. Redundancy analysis and metagenomes demonstrated that environmental variables and distinction in bacterial assembleges using DFAAs and DFPAs could both affect their dynamics in the northern slope water of the SCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from 1980 to 2018 for 32 African countries (13 CFA countries and 19 non‐CFA countries) and a conditional fixed effects logit model, this paper examines the effect of commodity price shocks on the likelihood of a central bank governor removal. Governor removals are decomposed into premature removals and ally replacements. Our results show that commodity price shocks lead to a statistically significant increase in the probability of a central bank governor's premature removal and ally replacement. This trend holds when commodities price shocks are separated into oil/mineral shocks and agricultural commodities shocks. We also find that this probability significantly jumps for countries who have a lower degree of export diversification, that is, countries whose are primarily dependent on a single commodity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the above-ground biomass, the amount of annual litterfall of tree components (needle, branch, cone, bark, and other) and the amount of carbon and plant nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) passing into the forest floor by litterfall were determined in different natural black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) stands in terms of canopy cover and development stages in Türkmen Mountain. The study was carried out between June 2012 and June 2013. The average annual amount of litterfall in the study area was found to be 3,449 kg/ha. The proportion of foliage in the total litterfall is 53%; followed by 25% for cone, 11% for other material, 6% for bark and 5% for branch. The amount of litterfall varies according to the types of stands, and as the canopy cover and the average diameter of stand increase, the amount of litterfall generally increases. The amounts of annual carbon and plant nutritious elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) entering the ecosystem by litterfall were calculated 1,744 kg/ha/year, and 10.11 kg/ha/year, 1.73 kg/ha/year, 11.41 kg/ha/year, 25.73 kg/ha/year, 2.41 kg/ha/year, 5.99 kg/ha/year, 307 kg/ha/year, 1299 kg/ha/year, 309 kg/ha/year, 140 kg/ha/year and 63.1 kg/ha/year, respectively. With this study, the turnover rates which can be used to estimate the annual amounts of the litterfall of tree components from live trees were also calculated. These annual turnover rates used in various models to estimate the amount of organic carbon stored in forest soils were found to be 0.170 for needles, 0.008 for branches and 0.012 for barks.

Due to the importance of Rubisco in the biosphere, its kinetic parameters have been measured by different methodologies in a large number of studies over the last 60 years. These parameters are essential to characterize the natural diversity in the catalytic properties of the enzyme and they are also required for photosynthesis and cross-scale crop modeling. The present compilation of Rubisco kinetic parameters in model species revealed a wide intraspecific laboratory-to-laboratory variability, which was partially solved by making corrections to account for differences in the assay buffer composition and in the acidity constant of dissolved CO2, as well as for differences in the CO2 and O2 solubilities. Part of the intraspecific variability was also related to the different analytical methodologies used. For instance, significant differences were found between the two main methods for the determination of the specificity factor (S c/o), and also between Rubisco quantification methods, Rubisco purification versus crude extracts, and single-point versus CO2 curve measurements for the carboxylation turnover rate (k catc) determination. Causes of the intraspecific laboratory-to-laboratory variability for Rubisco catalytic traits are discussed. This study provides a normalized kinetic dataset for model species to be used by the scientific community. Corrections and recommendations are also provided to reduce measurement variability, allowing the comparison of kinetic data obtained in different laboratories using different assay conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is crucial to a company's competitive advantage and employees play an important role in generating innovation within a company. Based on social capital theory, we proposed a new type of social network: the employee mobility network, and explored the impact of employee mobility on innovation. Specifically, we examined the role of both employee turnover rate, and an organisation's centrality in the employee mobility network in predicting innovation. We collected data from World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), Talentale, and Forbes Global 2000 to test our hypotheses. The results showed that turnover rate had a significantly inverted-U curve relationship with innovation, and both degree and closeness centralities of an organisation in the employee mobility network had a significant positive relationship with innovation. Based on the results, we suggest that companies should find a balanced value for their turnover rate to get the highest return in innovation. Also, we suggest that companies should improve social influence in employee mobility networks in order to attract talent and increase company innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVES The high turnover rate of nurses has been a matter of debate among scholars. Nurses' social interaction patterns and the social structure they are situated within may provide clues about possible causes of their high turnover intentions. This study aims to investigate the possible effects of negative and positive ties on the intention of turnover among nurses. DESIGN & SETTING A hybrid research methodology was used. Social network analysis was used to reveal the positions of the nurses (n = 126) in the positive and negative networks. A statistical model was formed with varying types of centrality measures, intragroup conflict, and intention to leave variables. The data was collected from all the nurses working in a special branch hospital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The findings of the study clearly indicate that negative interactions directly and indirectly affect the intention to leave, and the nurses demand professional support from their colleagues. The findings also show the existence of a fragmented social structure among nurses, which suggests the increased importance of brokerage roles. Managers should closely monitor the negative interactions among nurses, and they need to use conflict management techniques frequently to reduce hostile relations in the business environment. Managers should especially seek ways to increase altruistic tendencies among colleagues because nurses demand professional support ties more than friendship relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: The high turnover rate of nurses has been a matter of debate among scholars. Nurses’ social interaction patterns and the social structure they are situated within may provide clues about possible causes of their high turnover intentions. This study aims to investigate the possible effects of negative and positive ties on the intention of turnover among nurses. DESIGN & SETTING: A hybrid research methodology was used. Social network analysis was used to reveal the positions of the nurses (n = 126) in the positive and negative networks. A statistical model was formed with varying types of centrality measures, intragroup conflict, and intention to leave variables. The data was collected from all the nurses working in a special branch hospital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The findings of the study clearly indicate that negative interactions directly and indirectly affect the intention to leave, and the nurses demand professional support from their colleagues. The findings also show the existence of a fragmented social structure among nurses, which suggests the increased importance of brokerage roles. Managers should closely monitor the negative interactions among nurses, and they need to use conflict management techniques frequently to reduce hostile relations in the business environment. Managers should especially seek ways to increase altruistic tendencies among colleagues because nurses demand professional support ties more than friendship relations.