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We describe a new species of Tupinambis from central South America in a transitional region between Amazonia, Cerrado, and Pantanal. The new species differs from its congeners by the number of femoral pores, posterior gulars, and mesoptychial scales and by color pattern. It is partially sympatric with Tupinambis cuzcoensis, Tupinambis longilineus, Tupinambis quadrilineatus, and maybe also with Tupinambis teguixin, but in general terms they tend to substitute one another in space.

Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus, 1758) Type-locality. Indiis, restricted by Presch (1973) to Paramaribo, Suriname. Pertinent taxonomic references. Linnaeus (1758), Laurenti (1768), Latreille (1801), Daudin (1802), Spix (1825), Gray (1838, 1845), Dum��ril & Bibron (1839), Bates (1864), Boulenger (1885), Andersson (1900), Cunha (1961, 1981), M��ller (1969, 1971), Gorman (1970), Hoogmoed (1973), Presch (1973), Hoogmoed & Lescure (1975), Duellman (1978), Vanzolini (1981), Hoogmoed & Gruber (1983), Cunha et al. (1985), ��vila-Pires (1995), Manzane & Abe (1997, 2002), Colli et al. (1998), Fitzgerald et al. (1999), Giugliano et al. (2007), Harvey et al. (2012), Murphy et al. (2016). Taxonomic remarks. Recently, Murphy et al. (2016) revised Tupinambis teguixin species complex and described three new species from Amazonia and surroundings (T. cryptus, T. cuzcoensis, and T. zuliensis). The authors presented evidences for differentiation of each species based on molecular results. However, the morphological results failed in supporting such differences. Although specimens belonging to T. cryptus, T. cuzcoensis, and T. teguixin differed significantly in molecular from geographically separated groups, the same was not true for morphology. A large amount of geographic variation was observed in different populations of the species of Tupinambis teguixin group. Moreover, morphological results were not structured geographically either (e.g., the new species Tupinambis cryptus and T. cuzcoensis described from Guyana and Peru respectively, also occurs through Amazonia and northern Brazilian Cerrado, presenting the same distribution of T. teguixin ─ see Fig. 10 constructed based on voucher specimens available as supplementary material by Murphy et al. 2016). We agree with Murphy et al. (2016) that Tupinambis teguixin is composed by a complex of cryptic species. However, until a morphological study is not done and the species delimitation (morphologically and geographically) still needs to be improved, we prefer to be conservative, keeping the name Tupinambis teguixin for the complex of cryptic species. Distribution and habitat. Tupinambis teguixin species complex is widespread in Amazonia and northern Brazilian Cerrado (in gallery forest contiguous with Amazonia), occurring in Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (Fig. 10). In Brazil it is known from the states of Amap��, Par��, Maranh��o, Tocantins, Amazonas, Roraima, Acre, Rond��nia, Mato Grosso, and Goi��s. Passos et al. (2013) reported the species in the state of Cear��, northeastern Brazil, in riparian forest within the Caatinga. Tupinambis teguixin species complex is terrestrial and diurnal, inhabits both terra firme and flooded forest (primary and secondary), as well as arboreal savannas and grassfields close to forest and perianthropic situations, even within cities, where it is found on the ground, and commonly associated with water sometimes entering it (Crump 1971; Hoogmoed 1973; Dixon & Soini 1975, 1986; Duellman 1978; Cunha 1981; Martins 1991; ��vila-Pires 1995; Vitt & Carvalho 1995; Vitt et al. 2001, 2008; Molina et al. 2004; Schl��ter et al. 2004; Ribeiro-J��nior et al. 2008; Waldez et al. 2013; Murphy et al. 2016)., Published as part of Ribeiro-J��nior, Marco A. & Amaral, Silvana, 2016, Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. III. Anguidae, Scincidae, Teiidae, pp. 401-430 in Zootaxa 4205 (5) on page 418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4205.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197977, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. 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We expand the distribution of Tupinambis teguixin to the Caatinga biome, and report the first record of this species in Ceará state, northeastern Brazil. We found T. teguixin at a typical Caatinga habitat, approximately 215 km from the nearest locality with known record of the species. Our findings expand the knowledge of Caatinga's herpetofauna, reinforcing the deficiency of information from several areas, and the necessity of additional surveys in this biome.

We used electromyography (EMG) to investigate bite force production and feeding behavior in five individuals of the teiid lizard, Tupinambis teguixin. Three jaw adductor muscles were tested: pseudotemporalis superficialis (PST), adductor mandibulae externus superficialis (AMES) and pterygoideus (PTY). Force transducer tests determined that mean peak bite force in males (n = 3) was 79 N (22–105 N; n = 24). In females (n = 2), mean peak bite force was 60 N (14–90 N; n = 19). During high-intensity bites, the three muscles tested exhibited synchronous activation patterns, and these activities began before the onset of measured bite forces. Motor activities typically ceased at one-half of the total bite force duration. During natural feeding trials, initial capture bites and crushing bites exhibited motor activity patterns in all three muscles and were similar to those observed during high bite force development. In bites in which the lizards were picking up or moving prey, only the AMES exhibited mot...

Tupinambis teguixin Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata: Teiidae). Brazil, state of Piauí, municipality of Barras, (4º14'40" S, 42º17'40" W, 70 m a.s.l.). Collector: Ronildo Alves Benício. In 09 July 2011 at 10:30 an adult specimen (SVL 2750 mm) was caught foraging in an open area with vegetation characteristic of transition Caatinga-Cerrado, and deposited in the Coleção Herpetológica Jorge Jim (CHJJ 0666) of the Laboratório de Ecologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI)–Campus Picos., Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (AHA)

Although lizards have been predicted to show extensive intraoral prey-processing behaviors, quantitative analyses of the types of prey-processing behavior they demonstrate and of their kinematics have been limited. The more basal lizard lineages (Iguanians) have undergone some study, but the prey-processing repertoires of crown taxa have not been thoroughly examined and quantitative comparisons of behaviors within or among species have not been made. In this study, the prey transport behavior of the savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus) and gold tegu (Tupinambis teguixin) are described. Although these two lineages have independently evolved tongues that are highly specialized for chemoreception, we found that they share the same three distinct types of transport behavior. These behavior patterns are (i) a purely inertial transport, (ii) an inertial transport with use of the tongue, and (iii) a non-inertial lingual transport. The tongue is used extensively in both the inertial and the purely lingual transport behaviors. More than 75 % of all transport behaviors involved tongue movements. These species appear to exhibit a conservation of feeding kinematics compared with patterns known for basal lizards. A hypothesis for the evolution of inertial feeding is proposed.

The species Tejidotaenia appendiculata (Baylis, 1947), a parasite found in teju, Tupinambis teguixin is redescribed and a new diagnosis is provided. The species is characterized by the anterior position of the ovary and the peculiar shape of suckers. It is the first record of this species in Brazil.

Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were recorded from 17 lizard ears (six species: Gerrhosaurus major, Iguana iguana, Basiliscus vittatus, Tupinambis teguixin, Varanus exanthematicus, and Cordylus tropidosternum). The spectrum of each recording contained multiple spectral peaks. For each peak, the envelope cross-correlation R(τ) with all other peaks from the same ear was computed. Of the total of 346 emission peak pairs, 58 (17%) showed a significant correlation. Thus like in humans, multiple emission peaks in lizards frequently interact. In the lizards, the cross-correlation was positive in 30 cases, and negative in 28 cases. The cross-correlation function peaked at either a positive (τpeak>0) or a negative (τpeak

Internal or cloacal temperatures (CT) in tegu offspring were studied in an environmental chamber and the were higher than ground temperatures (GT) when these were low, except for a GT of 26.5ºC for which CT was similar. The increase in GTs means an increase in CTs up to 37.21ºC for which the difference between CT and GT were the greatest. The increase of GT above 31.5ºC was related with a decrease in CT: Inmatures CT behaved in a similar way. At 40ºC in GT, animals could not regulate their CT and died. Data depicted here show a certain degree of endotermy. Moulting was more frequent in older juveniles than in younger with a greater range of values for the last ones. Tegu moults were incomplete and they feed though moulting., Asociación Herpetológica Argentina

Amblyomma fuscum conhecida somente no Brasil, tem sido descrita como uma espécie rara de carrapato com relatos de sua ocorrência nas regiões sul e sudeste. Este é um novo registro desta espécie (9 fêmeas) parasitando lagarto (Tupinambis teguixin), no Município de Glorinha, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As fêmeas foram depositadas na coleção do Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (7 espécimes) e na coleção de Acari do Instituto Butantan, Estado de São Paulo (2 espécimes). O achado confirma o estabelecimento de A. fuscum no Sul do Brasil. Amblyomma fuscum known only from Brazil has been described as a rare tick species with few reports of its occurrence in South and Southeast region. This is a new records this tick species (9 females) parasitizing lizard (Tupinambis teguixin) at the Municipality of Glorinha, State of Rio Grande do Sul. The females were deposited in the tick collection of Veterinary Research Institute Desiderio Finamor (7 specimens), Eldorado do Sul, RS and in the Acari collection from Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, State of São Paulo (2 specimens). The finding confirms establishment de A. fuscum in the South of Brazil.

Tupinambis teguixin, the common tegu, is the only species of the genus found in Venezuela. It is distributed in different bioregions in the Neotropics, some of them separated by geographic barriers that may restrict gene flow among populations. Thus, to assess this possibility, we tested the Paleogeographic hypothesis and the Riverine hypothesis for the divergence among populations. To this end, we evaluated the degree of genetic structuring in six populations of T. teguixin from Venezuela, plus one from Brazil and one from Ecuador. We used two molecular datasets, one with the populations from Venezuela (Venezuela dataset, 1 023 bp) and one including the other two (South America dataset, 665 bp), with 93 and 102 concatenated sequences from cytochrome b and ND4, and 38/37 haplotypes. We used three measures of genetic diversity: nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity and number of polymorphic sites. Gene flow was estimated with the statistic ΦST and paired FST values. We also constructed a haplotype network. We found genetic structuring with (1) ΦST = 0.83; (2) high paired FST estimates (0.54 - 0.94); (3) haplotype networks with a well-defined geographic pattern; and (4) a single shared haplotype. The genetic structure does not seem to stem from geographic distance (r = 0.282, p = 0.209), but rather the product of an historic biogeographic event with the Mérida Andes and the Orinoco River (71.2 % of the molecular variance) as barriers. We propose the Zulia population as an Evolutionary Significant Unit and that the other populations be temporarily considered Management Units, pending further data. Populations Delta and Guri should form a single Management Unit since they share a haplotype. Tupinambis teguixin es la única especie registrada para Venezuela. Este teido se encuentra distribuido en diferentes bioregiones del Neotrópico, en algunos casos separadas por barreras geográficas que pueden estar restringiendo el flujo genético entre sus poblaciones. Para evaluar esta posibilidad, pusimos a prueba las Hipótesis Paleogeográfica y la Rivereña. Para ello evaluamos el grado de estructuración genética de seis poblaciones de T. teguixin de Venezuela, una de Brasil y una de Ecuador. Utilizamos dos bases de datos moleculares, una con las poblaciones de Venezuela (Base de datos Venezuela, 1 023 pb) y la segunda incluyendo las otras dos poblaciones (Base de datos Suramérica, 665 pb), con 93 y 102 secuencias concatenadas de citocromo b y ND4, y 38/37 haplotipos. En cuanto a la metodología, utilizamos tres medidas de diversidad genética: diversidad nucleotídica, diversidad haplotípica y número de sitios polimórficos. Estimamos el flujo genético mediante el estadístico ΦST y los valores de FST pareados. También construimos redes de haplotipos. Los resultados evidencian estructura poblacional, encontrándose (1) un ΦST global de 0.83, (2) FST pareados altos (0.54-0.94), (3) redes de haplotipos con un patrón geográfico definido, cada población con sus haplotipos agrupados (menos Delta), Zulia y Ecuador con redes separadas, y (4) un solo haplotipo compartido entre las poblaciones. Los análisis muestran que la estructura no es producto de la distancia geográfica entre las poblaciones (r = 0.282, p = 0.209), sino un efecto histórico biogeográfico de la Cordillera de Mérida y del río Orinoco (71.19 % variación molecular), como barreras geográficas. Consideramos la población del Zulia una unidad evolutiva significativa y proponemos que las otras poblaciones temporalmente sean consideradas unidades de manejo, hasta tanto se tenga más información. Las poblaciones del Delta y Guri conformarán una sola unidad de manejo por compartir un haplotipo.

O ácaro da espécie Amblyomma fuscum é um ectoparasita que se alimenta de sangue. Este gênero de carrapato é pouco específico quanto aos seus hospedeiros, sendo observado o parasitismo em animais no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o parasitismo por A. fuscum em Tupinambis teguixin no município de Três Barras - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

In reptiles as in other vertebrates, multiple forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) within a single brain have been identified. In this group the following GnRH molecular variants have been characterized either by direct or indirect methods: chicken GnRH I (cGnRH-I), chicken GnRH II (cGnRH-II), salmon GnRH (sGnRH) and several unidentified GnRH-like forms. In the present study GnRH variants were investigated in brain extracts of the lizard Tupinambis teguixin (= T. merinae) by combining high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by radioimmunoassays (RIA). Two peaks showing GnRH immunoreactivity with the elution position of synthetic mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and cGnRH-II were detected. Both peaks were further analyzed with different radioimmunoassay systems specific for mGnRH, cGnRH-I, and cGnRH-II. Pooled fractions corresponding to the first eluting peak showed no cross-reactivity when analyzed with a cGnRH-I specific assay and logit-log displacement curves were not significantly different from those of synthetic mGnRH with homologous RIA systems. The second peak showed immunological characteristics of cGnRH-II when analyzed with a specific antiserum. The first ir-GnRH peak was selected for further RP-HPLC purification showing similar chromatographic behavior as mGnRH synthetic standard. We demonstrated the absence of cGnRH-I in this lizard using well-characterized antisera. (C) 2000 Academic Press. Fil: Montaner, Alejandro Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez, Olga Mabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia. Pabellon de Zootécnica; Argentina Fil: Paz, Dante Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Embriología Animal; Argentina Fil: Affanni, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein". Fundación Pablo Cassará. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología ; Argentina

An initial natural infection of Saurocytozoon tupinambi in a juvenile Tupinambis teguixin from Venezuela was studied for 131 days following capture of the host. Intralymphocytic parasites appeared in this sequence: small uninucleate and binucleate stages (days 1–31 and again on day 41); schizonts with 3–102 nuclei (days 8–14 and 29–35); immature gametocytes (days 29–35) and apparently mature gametocytes of Saurocytozoon tupinambi from day 41. Maximum parasitemia of trophozoites and binucleate schizonts occurred on day 4 when 11% of lymphocytes were infected. Maximum parasitemia by larger schizonts occurred on day 8 at 0.13% of lymphocytes, while maximum gametocytemia was found on day 49 with 16.4% of lymphocytes parasitized. Two types of schizonts were observed: intralymphocytic and the same type free of host cells, and fragments of varying size which may have been torn from capillary endothelium. Due to presence of concurrent infection by a small Plasmodium species, identity of intralymphocytic asexual stages with S. tupinambi cannot be established. Presence of asexual and sexual stages in the same type of host cells (lymphocytes and close derivatives), sequential appearance of trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes over a period of 40 days, and correlated fluctuations in lymphocyte density suggest they are conspecific, and that Saurocytozoon , which has a plasmodiid type of sporogony may prove to further differ from leucocytozoids by presence of an asexual cycle in circulating blood cells.

Os autores obtiveram a transferência do Hepatozoon tupinambis (Laveran e Salibeni, 1909) parasita do lagarto Teiidae, Tupinambis teguixin, L., para a serpente cascavel, Crotalus durissus terrificus (Laur.), alimentando-a com mosquitos experimentalmente infectados. o parasita mantém os seus caracteres morfológicos no animal receptor, nos limites do tempo observado (cerca de 100 dias). O ofídio receptor apresentou cistos esquizogônicos do fígado.The authors achieved a transfer of the Hepatozoon tupinambis (Laveran and Salibeni, 1909), a parasite of the Sauria: Tupinambis teguixin, L., to a rattlesnake of the species Crotalus durissus terrificus, feeding the latter with experimentally infected mosquitoes. The parasite maintained its morphological characteristics in the recepting animal throughout the whole observation period (about 100 days). Schizogonic cysts were found in the liver of the rattlesnake.

Pulmonary oxygen diffusing capacity (DLO2) and perfusion (QL) have been measured by a rebreathing technique in the lizard Tupinambis teguixin at 25°C and 35°C. Both variables increased with temperature and at 35°C the values were QL = 35 ml·kg−1·min−1; and DLO2 = 4.29 μmol·kg−1·min−1· Torr−1. These values are low compared to those for similar-sized mammals or birds.

Juvenile Tupinambis teguixin were placed in a conflicting situation: feeding vs. cold environment. To feed they had to leave a warm refuge (\documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage{wasysym} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document}$T_{{\mathrm{op}}}$\end{document} 44-45 C) and go 1.5 m to where food was presented at an ambient temperature (\documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage{wasysym} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document}$T_{{\mathrm{a}}}$\end{document}) varying from 25 to 0 C. When \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy}...

Summary The poikilothermal animals Iguana iguana (L.), Tupinambis nigropunctatus Spix, Tupinambis teguixin (L.), Constrictor c. constrictor (L.), Testudo tabulata Walbaum, Bufo marinus (L.), Leptodactylus ocellatus (L.), and Hyla sp., are not susceptible to the yellow fever virus strains employed in the various experiments herein reported.

There is a reasonable amount of published information on the water and energy requirements of reptiles from arid/semiarid and temperate environments (see reviews by Nagy, 1982a, 1982b; Nagy and Peterson, 1988); however there is a dearth of such information from tropical/equatorial habitats. Much of the tropics is characterized by comparatively uniform daily ambient temperatures, whereas the pattern of rainfall is quite seasonal being confined predominantly to a "wet" season of some five months or so. Out

A single specimen of the snake Tropidodipsas fasciata collected in Oaxaca, Mexico, 38 miles west of Tehuantepec, harbored large numbers of nemas belonging to the genus Cruzia. The nemas were prepared for study according to the method of Cable (1963:136) with the exception that glycerine was used in place /of glycerine gel. Specimens were examined with both phase contrast and conventional microscopes. All measurements are from glycerine mounts of specimens and are in millimeters. Travassos (1917) erected the family Cruziidae and the genus Cruzia with Ascaris tentaculata Rudolphi, 1819 as the type. Khalil (1927), Maplestone (1930), Khalil and Vogelsang (1930, 1932), Harwood (1932), Sprehn (1932), Pearse (1936), Ruiz (1947) and Wolfgang (1951) have raised the number of species in this genus to twelve. Four species have been reported from reptiles. Khalil (1926) reported C. mexicana in a lizard from Mexico and Khalil and Vogelsang (1930) reported C. fulleborni in Tupinambis teguixin from Paraguay. Harwood (1932) described C. testudinis in Terrapene carolina triunguis from Texas and Ruiz (1947) described C. rudolphii in the snake Erythrolampus aesculapii from Brazil. Schurmans-Steckhoven (1950) erected a new genus Schizobucca with C. fulleborni Khalil and Vogelsang 1930, as the type.