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WOS: 000435033300006, The aim of this study was to determine tuberculosis (Tb) agents in milk and the pathologic changes in the tissues and organs of 100 PPD Tb-positive cows that were intended for slaughter. Milk samples were taken before slaughtering and PCR analysis was conducted to detect the Tb agent. In postmortem examinations, the lungs, liver, mammary glands, spleen, kidneys, and heart were collected for macroscopic and histopathological examinations. Out of the 100 PPD positive cows, lesions of Tb were observed in 75 cows. In the microscopic examination, Tb was identified in the lungs (51 cases), liver (61 cases), and in both the liver and lungs (37 cases). Although mammary Tb was suspected in 32 cows in macroscopic examinations, in microscopic examinations these cases were evaluated as chronic pyogenic abscesses mastitis. No Tb agents were detected by PCR analysis in milk samples taken from the cows before slaughter. Therefore, periodical milk inspections are suggested for controlling agents in milk. In some of the Tb PPD positive animals (25 cases), no changes were detected; therefore, there is a need to improve tests with higher sensitivity for the antemortem diagnosis of Tb. Moreover, people involved in the livestock sector should be trained about Tb, hygiene rules, and disease-free herds., Selcuk University, Coordination of Scientific Research ProjectsSelcuk University [09202024], This research was funded by Selcuk University, Coordination of Scientific Research Projects with the project number 09202024, and it is a summary of Cigdem Tuncay's dissertation.

Bu çalışmada, çeşitli illerden PPD tüberkülin pozitif olduğu belirlenerek kesime sevkedilmiş 100 inekte doku ve organlarda meydana gelen değişiklikler ile sütte tüberküloz etkenlerinin varlığının saptanması amaçlandı. Çalışmada yaşları 3-10 arasında değişen, farklı ırklardan (Holstein, Simental, Jersey, Montofon,Yerli Kara) toplam 100 baş ineğin kesimden önce süt örnekleri alındı ve kesim sonrası akciğer, karaciğer, meme, dalak, böbrek, kalbin makroskobik ve histopatolojik incelemeleri yapılarak mikobakterilerin tespiti için dokularda Ziehl-Neelsen boyama yöntemi ve süt örneklerinde PCR metodu uygulandı. PPD testi pozitif 100 ineğin 25'inde herhangi bir lezyona rastlanamazken, 75'inde tüberküloz saptandı. Mikroskobik incelemelerde; 51 olguda akciğerde, 61 olguda karaciğerde, 37 olguda ise hem akciğer hem de karaciğerde tüberküloz belirlendi. Akciğerdeki olguların 29'unda (%56,8) tüberküllerin bronş ve bronşiollere açıldığı gözlendi. Bu 51 olgunun 41'inde ZN ile yapılan boyamalarda, tüberküloz etkenleri görülmesine rağmen, 10 olguda etkenlere rastlanamadı. Karaciğerde tüberkül saptanan 61 olgunun 29'unda (%47,5) bu tüberküllerin safra kanalına açıldığı dikkati çekti. Bu 61 olgunun 48'inde ZN ile yapılan boyamalarda tüberküloz etkenleri görüldü. Tüberküloz saptanan tüm olgularda safra kanalı proliferasyonlarına da rastlandı. İneklerin 74'ünde mastitis tespit edildi. Kesim sonrası yapılan makroskobik incelemelerde 32 inekte memede tüberkülozdan şüphelenilmesine rağmen yapılan mikroskobik incelemelerde bu olgular kronik irinli apseli mastitis (KİAM) olarak değerlendirildi. Mikroskobik incelemelerde; 25 olguda akut kartaral mastitis ve galaktoforitis (AKMG), 17 olguda ise kronik kataral mastitis ve galaktoforitis (KKMG) tespit edildi. Dalakta sadece iki olguda (%2) epiteloid granuloma rastlanırken, böbrek, kalp ve alınabilen lenf düğümlerinde Tb'la ilgili herhangi bir bulguya rastlanılmamıştır. Kesimden önce 100 inekten alınan süt örneklerinin PZR yöntemine göre incelenmeleri sonucunda hiçbirisinde Tb etkenleri saptanamamış, bununla birlikte incelenen meme dokularının hiçbirisinde de tüberküllere ve ZN boyamalarında Tb etkenlerine rastlanamamıştır. Sütte Tb etkeninin saptanamamış olmasının hayvanda Tb olmadığı anlamına gelemeyeceği ve Tb etkenlerinin sütle herzaman atılmadığı gözönüne alınarak periyodik olarak etkenlerin sütte varlığı kontrol edilmesi gerekmektedir. PPD pozitif hayvanların %25'inde tüberkülozla ilgili herhangi bir değişikliğe rastlanılmaması nedeniyle tüberkülozun antemortem teşhisinde duyarlılığı daha yüksek testlerin kullanımının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Hayvancılık sektörü ile ilgili kişilere tüberküloz hastalığı konusunda bilgi verilmeli, yetiştiricilere hijyen kuralları, sürü taraması ve arî sürüler konusunda bilgilendirme çalışmaları yapılmalıdır., This study was carried out to determine pathologic changes of tissues and organs and with presence of tuberculosis agent in milk of cows which were PPD tuberculin-positive and intended for slaughtering in various provinces. Animal material of this the study included total of 100 cows aging 3-10 years and from different breeds (Holstein, Simmental, Jersey, Brown Swiss and Anatolian Black). Milk samples were taken before slaughtering and PCR analysis was conducted to detect tuberculosis agent. In postmortem examinations, lung, liver, mammary, spleen, kidney, heart were taken for macroscopically and histopathological examination and detection of mycobacteria using Ziehl - Neelsen method. Out of 100 PPD test positive animals, no lesions were determined in 25 cows, however, lesions of tuberculosis were observed in 75 cows. In microscopic examination, tuberculosis were identified in lungs (51 cases), liver (61 cases) and in both liver and lungs (37 cases). Out of 51 cows (51%) having tuberculosis lesions in lung, it was determined that tubercle of the bronchi and bronchioles were open in 29 cases (56.8%). In 41 of these 51 cows tuberculosis was detected in ZN staining; but not detected in 10 cases. In 61 cases (61%), tuberculosis lesions were detected in the liver. Tubercle detected in 29 out of 61 cases (47.5%), it was noticed that tubercles were opened into the bile duct. Tuberculosis agents were seen on 48 out of 61 cases with ZN staining. Proliferation of bile duct was observed in all tuberculosis cases. Mastitis was detected in 74 cows. After slaughtering 32 cows, mammary tuberculosis was suspected in the macroscopic examinations. However, these cases were evaluated as chronic pyogenic abscesses mastitis (CPAM) microscopic examination. In microscopic examination, 25 cases of acute catarrhal mastitis and galactoforitis (ACMG) and 17 cases of chronic catarrhal mastitis and galactoforitis (CCMG) were detected. Epithelioid granuloma was detected in only two cases in the spleen (2%). Kidney, heart and lymph nodes were not found any Tb findings. No tuberculosis agents were detected by PCR analyses using milk samples taken from 100 cows before slaughtering. Also in all examined mammary tissues, tubercles or tuberculosis agents were not observed in ZN staining. Tuberculosis free milk does not mean that animal is also free from tuberculosis. Therefore, periodical milk inspections are suggested for controlling agent in the milk because tuberculosis agents are not always clearenced with milk. In some of tuberculosis PPD positive animals (25 cases), no changes were detected, therefore there is need for improving test having higher sensitivity for antemortem diagnosis. Also, persons who are involved in the livestock sector should be given information and raising awareness about on tuberculosis disease, hygiene measurements and disease free herds., Bu araştırma Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından 09202024 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir.