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The emergence of some physiological and fruit quality problems due to the common squash rootstocks used in watermelon has led researchers to search for alternative rootstocks sources. Exploitation of novel Citrullus germplasm such as citronmelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) is an alternative to avoid these problems. In this study, rootstocks potential of auto and allotetraploid citrullus genotypes for watermelon were investigated as regard to plant growth and some physiological parameters under hyroponic conditions. Plant length was significantly affected by rootstock genotype and the longest plant stem was measured in watermelon plants grafted on N7-4T tetraploid rootstock (62.67 cm) while the shortest stem was measured in grafted plants onto autotetraploid Calhounn Gray with 14.33 cm. Among the graft combinations, N7-4T/CT (93.33 g) and CN7-5T/CT 95.00 g) graft combination produced the highest shoot fresh and dry weight. As in shoot fresh weight, the exploitationted on to tetraploid rootstock produced higher root fresh and dry weight than the plants grafted on diploid rootstocks and commercial rootstock. The highest root fresh and dry weight were determined in the plants grafted on to autotetraploid N5-4T and allotetraploid CN7-5T. Root characteristics were significantly affected by rootstock genotypes. The N, P, K and Ca contents of the leaves of the CT watermelon cultivar grafted on different rootstocks were significantly affected by the rootstocks. This study showed that citrullus tetraploid genotypes (auto and allo) to be produced by polyploidy method can be an important alternative rootstock source for watermelon.

ÖZETFide döneminde 39-01 ve 70-07 su kabağı genotiplerine kolhisin (%0.5) uygulaması yapılmıştır. Diploid ve muhtemel poliploid (%0.5) bitkilerde stoma çapı (μm), stoma uzunluğu (μm), stoma yoğunluğu (adet mm-2), kloroplast sayısı belirlenmiş ve flow sitometre analizleri yapılmıştır. 39-01 genotipinde kolhisin uygulaması yapılan bitki sayısı 128 adet, kolhisin uygulaması sonucu yaşayan bitki sayısı ise 115 adettir. 70-07 genotipinde ise 120 adet bitkiye kolhisin uygulaması yapılmıştır ve 74 adet bitki hayatta kalmıştır. İki genotipte yapılan stoma incelemelerinde, diploid bitkilerde ortalama stoma çapı 16.20 μm, stoma uzunluğu ise 23.95 μm olarak ölçülmüştür. Buna karşılık poliploid bitkilerin ortalama stoma çapı 22.85 μm ölçülürken, stoma uzunluğu ise 33.53 μm ölçülmüştür. Poliploid bitkilerin stoma yoğunluğu diploid bitkilere göre yaklaşık iki kat azalmıştır. Ortalama kloroplast sayısı diploid bitkilerde 11.55 adet iken, poliploid bitkilerde 18.20 adet olarak sayılmıştır. Stoma ve kloroplast ölçümleri sonucunda iki su kabağı genotipinden toplam 37 adet bitki öne çıkmıştır. Flow sitometre analizi yapılan 37 bitkiden 11 tanesinin tetraploid olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Çalışmada kolhisin uygulamasının başarı yüzdesi 5.82’dir.ABSTRACTColchicine (%0.5) was applied to the bottle gourd genotypes 39-01 and 70-07 at the first true leaf stage. Stomata diameter (μm), stomata length (μm), stomatal density (number mm2), chloroplast number in guard cells measurements, and flow cytometry analyzes were performed in diploid (0.0%) and possible polyploid (0.5%) plants. In the 39-01, the number of plants treated with colchicine is 128, and the number of living plants after colchicine application is 115. In 70-07, 120 plants were treated with colchicine and 74 plants survived. In the stoma examinations, the mean stomata diameter was 16.20 μm and the stomata length was 23.95 μm in diploid plants. On the other hand, the mean stomata diameter of possible tetraploid plants was measured as 22.85 μm, while the stomata length was measured as 33.53 μm. When the average stomatal density is considered, stomatal density in possible tetraploid plants has decreased approximately twofold compared to diploid plants. While the average number of chloroplasts was 11.55 in diploid plants, it was counted as 18.20 in possible tetraploid plants. As a result of stoma and chloroplast measurements, a total of 37 plants from the two gourd genotype were analyzed by flowcytometry. It was confirmed that 11 of 37 plants were tetraploid. In the study, the success rate of tetraploid plant production by colchicine application was %5.82.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate hay yield, nutrient content, relative feeding value and digestibility of prairie grass lines harvested in different maturing stages. Material and Methods: The plant material of the study was composed of 20 different prairie grass lines that were harvested during the beginning of heading, full heading and beginning of flowering. The harvested plant material were weighed, dried, and used in chemical analyses. Results: Based on the results of the study, ratio of dry matter, ash, crude protein, neutral detergent, fiber and acid detergent of prairie grass lines harvested in different maturing stages were 18.85-34.60, 5.14-9.28, 7.27-19.60, 47.85- 62.18 ve 24.76-34.45 percent, respectively. Fresh yield, hay yield, organic matter, and digestible organic matter yield of the prairie grass lines were 567-4754, 114.04-1338.50, 105.00-1216.20, 84.32-748.23 kg/da, respectively. The chemical composition, relative feeding value, and digestibility of forage of prairie grass lines varied among lines and harvesting times, and the differences were statistically significant (P, Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; Tekirdağ ekolojik koşullarında farklı olgunlaşma zamanlarında hasat edilen bazı parlak brom hatlarının ot verimleri, besin madde içerikleri, nispi yem değeri ve in vitro sindirilebilir organik madde miktarı üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmanın bitkisel materyalini başaklanma başlangıcı, tam başaklanma ve çiçeklenme başlangıcı döneminde hasat edilen 20 farklı parlak brom hattı oluşturmaktadır. Hasat edilen bitkiler tartılarak yeşil ot verimleri, 65 °C’de kurutularak kuru ot verimleri belirlenmiş ve kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Farklı olgunlaşma zamanlarında hasat edilen hatlarda kuru madde, ham kül, ham protein, nötr deterjan, lif ve asit deterjan lif içerikleri sırasıyla %18.85-34.60, 5.14-9.28, 7.27-19.60, 47.85- 62.18 ve 24.76-34.45 arasında değişmiştir. Yeşil ot verimleri 567-4754 kg/da, kuru madde verimleri 114.04-1338.50 kg/da, organik madde verimleri 105.00-1216.20 kg/da, sindirilebilir organik madde verimleri 84.32-32-748.23 kg/da arasında değişmiştir. Parlak brom hatlarına ait kuru ot örneklerinin kimyasal özellikleri, nispi yem değeri ve in vitro organik madde sindirilebilirliği hasadın yapıldığı zaman ve hatta göre değişiklik göstermiş ve farklılıklar istatiski olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P

This study was carried out for the purpose to the determination of the nuclear DNA contents by flow cytometry method and its use in species identification with ploidy analysis of the populations of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinaceae and Trifolium repens collected from the natural flora of the Central Black Sea Region. Pasture type 80 from T. repens, hay and pasture type 80 from D. glomerata and grass, pasture and hay type 130 from F. arundinaceae genotypes were used. Fresh leaf tissues from plants growing in the field were used in the analysis. Propidium iodide was used as fluorescent dye. Used Hordeum vulgare in Festuca arundinecea genotypes and Vicia sativa in Dactylis glomerata and Trifolium repens genotypes as internal standard. According to the results obtained average 2C core DNA content of Dactylis glomerata genotypes 9.12 pg (8.32 pg-9.66 pg); average 2C core DNA content of Trifolium repens genotypes 2.33 pg (2.22 pg-2.44 pg); average 2C core DNA content of Festuca arundinecea genotypes 17.47 pg (17.02 pg-17.98 pg) was determined. Chromosome counts were performed to correlate the core DNA contents with the ploidy levels of genotypes. 2n = 4x = 28 of D. glomerata genotypes and 2n = 4x = 32 of T. repens genotypes and 2n = 6x = 42 of F. arundinaceae genotypes was determined to have chromosomes. According to these results, tetraploid of Dactylis and Trifolium genotypes and hekzaploid of Festuca genotypes were determined to be. In addition, all the genotypes used in the study were taxonomically diagnosed with the help of the core DNA contents and Trifolium repens var. repens of Trifolium repens ssp., Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata of Dactylis glomerata ssp. and Festuca arundinacea subsp. arundinacea of Festuca arundineceae ssp. was founded. It was determined that genotypes did not contain any genotypes of other species., Bu çalışma, Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi doğal florasından toplanan domuz ayrığı (Dactylis glomerata ssp.), kamışsı yumak (Festuca arundinaceae ssp.) ve ak üçgül (Trifolium repens ssp.) popülasyonlarının çekirdek DNA içeriklerinin flow sitometri yöntemiyle belirlenmesi ve ploidi analizi ile tür teşhisinde kullanılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Proje kapsamında ak üçgülden mera tipi 80, domuz ayrığından ot ve mera tipi 80 ve kamışsı yumaktan ot, mera ve çim tipi 130 adet genotip kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde tarlada yetişmekte olan bitkilerden alınan taze yaprak dokuları kullanılmıştır. Floresan boya olarak ise propidium iodide kullanılmıştır. İnternal standard, Dactylis glomerata ve Trifolium repens genotiplerinde Vicia sativa, Festuca arundinecea genotiplerinde ise Hordeum vulgare kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre araştırmada kullanılan Dactylis glomerata genotiplerinin ortalama 2C çekirdek DNA içeriği 9.12 pg (8.32 pg-9.66 pg); Trifolium repens genotiplerinin ortalama 2C çekirdek DNA içeriği 2.33 pg (2.22 pg-2.44 pg); Festuca arundinecea genotiplerinin ortalama 2C çekirdek DNA içeriği 17.47 pg (17.02 pg-17.98 pg) arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Çekirdek DNA içerikleri ile genotiplerin ploidi düzeylerini ilişkilendirmek amacıyla yapılan kromozom sayımlarında domuz ayrığı genotiplerinin 2n=4x=28, ak üçgül genotiplerinin 2n=4x=32 ve kamışsı yumak genotiplerinin 2n= 6x=42 kromozoma sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre çalışmada kullanılan Dactylis ve Trifolium genotiplerinin tetraploid, Festuca genotiplerinin ise hekzaploid olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada kullanılan tüm genotipler çekirdek DNA içeriklerinin de yardımıyla taksonomik olarak teşhis edilmiş ve Trifolium repens ssp.’nin Trifolium repens var. repens, Dactylis glomerata ssp.’nin Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata ve Festuca arundineceae ssp.’nin de Festuca arundinacea subsp. arundinacea olduğu ve genotiplerin içerisinde başka türlere ait hiç bir genotipin bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir.

AMAÇ: Spinal kord yaralanması (SKY), mekanik travmaya bağlı olarak oluĢan primer yaralanma ve sekonder hasar mekanizmalarını içerir. SKY‟ni takiben, TNF-α ve IL-6 gibi sitokinler lezyon alanında artarak sekonder hasarları indükler. Günümüzde metilprednizolon (MP), antienflamatuvar etkilerinden dolayı tedavide kullanılmaktadır. Fakat tek başına yeterli olmamakta ve etki mekanizmaları tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Tetrasiklin türevi antibiyotik olan minosiklinin nöroprotektif etkisi bilinmekle birlikte, bununla ilgili çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Çalışmamızda, deneysel SKH sonrası TNF-α ve IL-6 ekspresyonlarına, MP ve minosiklin tedavisinin tek başına ve kombine etkilerinin, immünohistokimyasal, elektron mikroskobik ve biyokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Ornithogalum is an important species used as vegetable, ornamental and medicinal plant. Although several studies have been carried out on Ornithogalum genus, there is still limited information on its genome size and genetic diversity. The objective of the study was to determine genetic similarity of 13 Ornithogalum species (eleven non-endemic, two endemic) grown in southwest of Turkey by nuclear DNA content analysis determined by flow cytometer, and molecular markers using Random-Aplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP). The 2C nuclear DNA content of Ornithogalum species ranged from 18.7 to 45.7. The deduced ploidy levels of the species ranged from diploids to tetraploids. The correlation between the elevation at the place of origins of the species and predicted ploidy levels were significant with r(2)=0.42, possibly indicating that poliploidization might have contributed adaptation to higher elevation. In the study 19 RAPD, 6 ISSR and 2 SRAP primers were used that generated 315 molecular markers. Genetic similarities were determined by UPGMA (Unweighted-Pair Group Method Aritmetic Average) and similarity index was calculated according to Dice. The results showed a % 47 similarity determined between an O. nutans species and an O. alpigenum species. On the other hand, O. pyrenaicum separated from all other species. The wide genetic variation was detected among the Ornithogalum species. However, the total marker loci counted from RAPD, ISSR and SRAP markers did not correlate with the estimated ploidy levels.

The aim of the research was to determined the forage yield potentials of the some smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) clones in dryland conditions of Trakya Region of Turkey. Sixty three smooth bromegrass clones were used a material in the research. The experiment were carried out as randomised complete block design with three replications at Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Agricultural Faculty Field Crops Department experimental area in 2012-2014 years. In this research was determined fresh and hay yield of smooth bromegrass clones in dryland conditions. Clones were cut one times at first year and two times at second year during growing period.