Search

We present the first and a rare case of orthotopic renal auto-transplantation in the management of postchemotherapy residual retroperitoneal mass encasing the left renal vessels but sparing the parenchyma in a 24-year-old patient with Stage IIIC nonseminomatous germ cell tumor after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. Immediate postoperative and 6 months' follow-up renograms confirmed the maintained glomerular filtration rate of the transplanted kidney with no residual disease. This case report shows the feasibility of renal autotransplantation in carefully selected patients as they are young and have long-term survival., Author(s): Akash Mor [1]; Ajit Gujela [1]; Sachin Patel [1]; Vineet Kumar [2]; Gagan Prakash (corresponding author) [1] INTRODUCTION Post chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is an integral part [...]

We pioneered a dual-targeted trinity of antibody–peptide–drug delivery consortium to combat HER2+ tumors. This innovative approach leverages the self-assembly of peptides with high affinity to antibodies to create nanofibers for antibody encapsulation, offering a novel strategy in antibody drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Examine factors contributing to high rates of Appalachian female cancer incidences and mortalities by examining cancer literacy and associated sociological influences among Appalachian university students. Participants: This study evaluated Appalachian and non-Appalachian undergraduate students in Eastern Kentucky. Methods: A Qualtrics survey was disseminated which categorized questions into three parts: demographic, female focused cancer literacy, and cancer care access. Results: Overall cancer literacy was low (67.45%, 139 respondents); no difference was found in Appalachian standing. Male students had lower scores (p < 0.05), and both cancer-related majors (p < 0.001) and enhanced academic years (p < 0.05) improved cancer literacy. Limited awareness of mobile cancer screening units was found across respondents, along with, decreased access to health services indicated by Appalachian students (p < 0.05). Conclusions: College students represent a population in need of enhanced cancer education. Improving knowledge about accessing healthcare including cancer screenings could reduce Appalachian cancer rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To conceptualise experiences and perceptions of cancer nurses' potential for occupational exposure when dealing with cytotoxic drugs (CDs). Design: A mixed methods systematic review with framework synthesis. Methods and Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in February 2022 in CINAHL PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Nursing, and PsycINFO, and it was reported using the PRISMA guidance. Results: A synthesis of 38 studies revealed new categories of perceived solutions, side effects, and risky behaviour as well as three levels of experience and perception: individual, shared, and cultural, rather than the a priori theory. Conclusions: The review conclude that individuals espouse safe handling and administration of CDs. Synthesis highlights a complex interplay between self‐reported perception and the observed experience of potential occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs. Implications for Professional Practice: The framework synthesis highlights the difference between the perception of espoused practice and the experience of practice. Observation and risk assessment must be used to enhance safe practice. Organisations must take seriously the perception and experience of the adverse effects of administering cytotoxic drugs to support cancer nurses. Reporting Method: Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews and framework synthesis indexed studies deductively and inductively. No patient or public contribution. Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42022289276 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a decade ago, in the 100th issue of Health Communication (Volume 25, issues 6–7); 2010), 30 "impact" articles addressed how our collective research findings had been translated to make a positive difference for persons across diverse communities. It is laudable to develop projects helping others to enhance their awareness about healthy living, refine practical communication skills to promote behavioral change, and rely on findings to enact important practices and policies giving priority to how well and long we live in contemporary society. As a preview, however, an article entitled "Why is it so difficult to talk about impact?" raised a series of inherent challenges faced whenever we conduct our research to advance basic knowledge by pursuing meaningful translation opportunities. These efforts are constrained in various ways: A lack of motivation, ability, and training to envision and implement protocols beneficial for the public good; the need to procure adequate resources (e.g., time and money) for sustaining longitudinal investigations; dealing with misconceptions that "applied" communication research has less value than "basic" studies; and creating and managing cross-disciplinary collaborations necessary to achieve project goals. When designing interventions to change others' lives in meaningful ways, attention must also be given to balancing community outreach while avoiding unnecessary self-promotion and imposition of social scientific priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted therapy has emerged as a promising option in cancer treatment, driven by advances in the understanding of DNA changes and the molecular basis of cancer. This article provides an overview of next-generation sequencing and types of genetic alterations, common cancer biomarkers, a review of circulating tumor DNA testing and its applications for oncology treatments, how to read a genomic testing report, examples of targeted therapy for cancer pathologic variants and tumor markers, and the implications for nursing practice in this emerging field. This article provides an overview of next-generation sequencing and types of genetic alterations, common cancer biomarkers, a review of circulating tumor DNA testing and its applications for oncology treatments, how to read a genomic testing report, examples of targeted therapy for cancer pathologic variants and tumor markers, and the implications for nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Poorly differentiated chordoma (PDC) is an uncommon subtype of chordoma, distinct in its occurrence in paediatric age group, location, variable epithelioid/rhabdoid/spindled histomorphology and the lack of physaliphorous cells (classical of chordoma) and immunohistochemistry (INI-1 loss, brachyury positive). We describe two cases of PDC. Case Reports: A 3-year-old male and 4-year-old female child presented with neck stiffness and infiltrating tumour involving the skull base and upper cervical vertebral segments. Histopathology showed a tumour with sheets of cells having epithelioid to rhabdoid morphology and absence of physaliphorous cells. The tumour cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin, EMA, CD99 and vimentin and showed loss of INI-1 suggesting differentials of epithelioid sarcoma and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. On careful review of the clinical, radiological and pathological features, the additional immunohistochemistry for brachyury was performed, and its positivity clinched the diagnosis of PDC. Both the patients succumbed within a short span post-surgery. Conclusion: The present case study helps in creating an awareness and attempts to expand our knowledge in relation to the spectrum of chordoma (clinico-histological) and its immunohistochemical profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) rarely occur with spatial and/or temporal co-localisation to intracranial neoplasms. Most prior reports describe this association with high-grade gliomas; however, reports of a co-occurrence with low grade gliomas are very rare. It is unclear whether such cases represent a true co-occurrence of separate pathologies or simply an unusually vascular phenotype of the neoplasm. Most such reports pre-date the era of molecularly defined gliomas. We present the first report of the spatial and temporal co-occurrence of an intracranial arteriovenous malformation traversing and within a papillary glioneuronal tumour, molecularly defined by the presence of SLC44A1::PRKCA fusion. This case was successfully managed by resection of both lesions adhering to the principles of AVM surgery. It is possible these exceptionally rare co-occurrences may have common underlying molecular drivers relating to the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory myofibroblastictumour of larynx is a rare and an unexplored area. Though benign, it has capabilities to transform into malignancy and also has a very high recurrence rate. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on treatment modality for IMT of the supraglottis. As per our experience, wide excision of the tumor with coblation is not an ideal treatment. Hence more research needs to be done to explore better and effective treatment for this tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastoma, One of the most Common and Frequently Encountered Odontogenic Epithelial Derived Tumours of the oral Cavity, are Reported to be Represented by Variable Number of Clinical, Radiological and Histological Types. Also, this Lesion has been Observed to be most Aggressive and has a Tendency to Recur in most Circumstances. The Histological Variants of Solid type of Ameloblastoma have also been Observed to Occur either in Isolation or in Combination with One or the Other Lesions. Hence, this case Report is One of those Combined Lesions Presenting with Little Clinical Presentation, but Histopathologically was Diagnosed to be Plexiform Ameloblastoma with Acanthomatous Changes. These Types of Lesions have been Scarcely Reported in Literature and should be Reported with Regular follow-up so as to not only Improve the Diagnostic Criteria, but also to Improve Surgical Outcomes, Making the Patients Prone to less Morbid Outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma is one of the rarest tumours specific for sinonasal tract with a handful of reported cases worldwide. This triphasic tumour show differentiation towards carcinosarcomatous component with associated primitive neural component. Here, we report a case of Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma in a thirty five year old male patient from a regional cancer Institute of Eastern India with thorough review of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelioid hemangioma is a very rare lesion arising from vascular structures. We encountered a case in very atypical location i.e. on the anterior maxillary wall. The underwent excision of tumour twice elsewhere and presented in our hospital with reccurence of mass. Patient was managed in our hospital with good cosmetic outcome with no disease recurrence till date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Among the provisions within the Affordable Care Act (ACA), expanding Medicaid was arguably the greatest contributor to increasing access to care. For over a decade, researchers have investigated how Medicaid expansion impacted cancer outcomes. Over this same decade, statistical theory illuminated how state‐based policy research could be compromised by invalid inference. After reviewing the literature to identify the inference strategies of state‐based cancer registry Medicaid expansion research, this study aimed to assess how inference decisions could change the interpretation of Medicaid expansion's impact on staging, treatment, and mortality in cancer patients. Data sources: Cancer case data (2000–2019) was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) programme. Cases included all cancer sites combined, top 10 cancer sites combined, and three screening amenable cancers (colorectal, female breast, female cervical). Study design: A Difference‐in‐Differences design estimated the association between Medicaid expansion and four binary outcomes: distant stage, initiating treatment >1 month after diagnosis, no surgery recommendation, and death. Three inference techniques were compared: (1) traditional, (2) cluster, and (3) Wild Cluster Bootstrap. Data collection: Data was accessed via SEER*Stat. Principal findings: Estimating standard errors via traditional inference would suggest that Medicaid expansion was associated with delayed treatment initiation and surgery recommendations. Traditional and clustered inference also suggested that Medicaid expansion reduced mortality. Inference using Wild Cluster Bootstrap techniques never rejected the null hypotheses. Conclusions: This study reiterates the importance of explicit inference. Future state‐based, cancer policy research can be improved by incorporating emerging techniques. These findings warrant caution when interpreting prior SEER research reporting significant effects of Medicaid expansion on cancer outcomes, especially studies that did not explicitly define their inference strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Physicians experience scary cases in the course of usual medical practice. Cases of near misses, legal and ethical dilemmas, or unique clinical challenges are great sources of education. However, there is no format for presentation and dissemination of cases that do not meet criteria for morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences. The Scary Cases Conference is an innovative educational forum for scrutiny and analysis of these challenging clinical cases. Scary Cases differs from traditional Morbidity and Mortality conferences as it explores outcomes beyond the scope of medical or surgical errors. Methods: From 2011 to 2021: 11 regional and 10 national "Otolaryngology Scary Cases" conferences and mini-seminars were held. The cases presented were analyzed for case specialty, area of management deemed troublesome, and compared to M&M conference criteria. Results: 187 cases were presented. 62% percent of cases included traditional medical problems, whereas 21% involved legal issues, and 17% focused on ethical dilemmas. For the cases with medical problems, 31% involved airway obstruction, 17% nerve injuries, and 17% malignancy. 49% of cases would have met criteria for presentation at traditional M&M conferences. Of all the "scary cases," 25% were near misses and 26% represented ethical or legal dilemmas which would not be classified as morbitidy, mortality, or near miss. Conclusions: The Scary Cases provides a forum conducive to learning amongst peers and experts. It allows medical and surgical specialties to share the cases deemed most impactful. The M&M conference would only include half of such cases, but could be expanded beyond the traditional scope in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy (RT) is increasingly utilised for definitive‐intent treatment of canine genitourinary carcinomas (CGUC). At our institution, the standard approach is to irradiate tomographically abnormal tissues gross tumour volume (GTV) plus a clinical target volume (CTV) expansion of 2 cm. Cystourethroscopy is often incorporated into the treatment planning workflow, though an optimal approach has yet to be defined. This observational study evaluated cystourethroscopy as a tool for identifying gross lesions that can be targeted with RT. We hypothesised that in most cases, addition of cystourethroscopy would result in a larger GTV than would be drawn with computed tomography (CT) alone. Medical records from 54 dogs diagnosed with CGUC between 2013 and 2023 were reviewed; each had been evaluated before RT using CT and cystourethroscopy. The GTV was initially defined as the tomographically evident disease on a post‐contrast sagittal plane CT scan, and then lesions visualised with cystourethroscopy (suspected or confirmed to be tumour) were added. Beyond what was visible on CT, cystourethroscopy extended the GTV by a median of 6.5 cm distally into the urethra (range: 1.5–31.8 cm) and therefore resulted in GTV enlargement in 26 of 54 (48%) cases. Addition of our standard 2 cm CTV expansion to a CT‐defined GTV (without use of data from cystourethroscopy) would have underestimated the extent of grossly abnormal tissue in 35% (19/54) of cases. These results suggest that incorporating cystourethroscopy into treatment planning workflows may improve local tumour control by reducing the risk of a geographic miss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increases in opioid prescriptions have been described; however, recent trends and prescribing patterns of analgesics in Dutch general practice are largely unknown. Objective: To investigate recent changes in the number of analgesic prescriptions, and the indications for prescribing strong opioids. Furthermore, we aim to identify risk factors for chronic opioid use in Dutch general practice. Design and setting: A retrospective cohort study from 1 July 2013 to 31 June 2022, using a primary care practice based research network. Subjects: Patients with ≥1 prescription for analgesics during the study period were included. Main outcome measure: Changes in the number of prescriptions for paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids in Dutch general practice during the 9-year study period. Moreover, we analyzed indications for prescribing strong opioids by the general practitioner (GP). Results: A total of 18,433 analgesic users were identified. Over time, prescriptions for paracetamol, NSAIDs and weak opioids decreased, while the number of strong opioid prescriptions increased. General practitioners prescribed more strong opioids for non-malignant pain, whereas prescriptions for malignant pain remained stable over time. Risk factors for chronic opioid use (≥90 days) included older age, lower educational level, smoking status and having a history of a musculoskeletal or psychological disorder, a malignancy or sexual, physical or psychological abuse. Conclusions: Considering the increase in strong opioid prescriptions for benign conditions, GPs need to be vigilant for patients who are at risk for chronic use. Regular monitoring and awareness for psychosocial factors in treatment of chronic pain may be key in preventing harms associated with persistent opioid use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer survivors may be struggling to re‐create meaning in life. Addressing their personal sources of meaning can support them in this process. The sources of meaning card method (SoMeCaM) aims to map and explore personal sources of meaning in a 1‐h session. It includes 26 cards, each with a statement on a source of meaning. The purpose of this study was to validate the statements on the sources of meaning cards for use among participants in cancer rehabilitation by examining whether participants attribute the same meaning to the statements as intended. The three step test interview method was used to assess response processes to the sources of meaning cards among 12 participants in a 5‐day cancer rehabilitation program in Denmark. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using framework analysis. Nineteen of the 26 statements were interpreted congruently, that is, in line with the underlying theory, by all participants. Issues of incongruency, ambiguity and confusion were observed in participants' interpretations of the statements on religiosity (n = 6), spirituality (n = 10), and reason (n = 6). Minor issues were observed for the statements on practicality, achievement, knowledge, and attentiveness. In most statements, cancer survivors' interpretation aligned with the underlying theory. Problems were apparent regarding the sources of meaning religiosity, spirituality and reason, and a reconsideration of the wording of the statements is recommended. These problems may be due to cultural and linguistic interpretations rather than to being a cancer survivor. Future studies could focus on these issues in other target populations. Despite these minor issues, the SoMeCaM has proven useful in addressing the important topic of meaning in life in the cancer rehabilitation setting. Clinicians should pay attention to nuances in participants' understanding of the cards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenoid ameloblastoma (AA) was recently recognised as a separate tumour type in the most recent World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of head and neck tumours. This decision has been considered controversial by several groups, who have described AA as a subtype of ameloblastoma, a hybrid odontogenic tumour or to fall within the spectrum of other recognised odontogenic tumours, including dentinogenic ghost cell tumour and adenomatoid odontogenic tumour. Here we review the reasons for the WHO decision to classify AA as a separate tumour type. We also critique molecular and histological findings from recent reports published since the WHO classification. While acknowledging that the classification of tumours is constantly evolving, the balance of current evidence suggests that AA should remain a distinct tumour type, and not a subtype of ameloblastoma, pending further molecular characterisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Low‐grade non‐intestinal‐type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (LGSNAC) is a rare heterogeneous and poorly characterised group of tumours, distinct from intestinal‐ and salivary‐type neoplasms. Therefore, further characterisation is needed for clearer biological understanding and classification. Methods and results: Clinical, histological and molecular characterisation of four cases of biphasic, low‐grade adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal tract was performed. All patients were male, aged between 48 and 78 years, who presented with polypoid masses in the nasal cavity. Microscopically, virtually all tumours were dominated by tubulo‐glandular biphasic patterns, microcystic, focal (micro)papillary, oncocytic or basaloid features. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed biphasic differentiation with an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. Molecular profiling revealed HRAS (p.G13R, p.Q61R) mutations, and concomitant AKT1 (p.E17K, p.Q79R) mutations in two cases. Two cases showed potential in‐situ/precursor lesions adjacent to the tumour. Follow‐up periods ranged from 1 to 30 months, with one case relapsing locally after 12 and > 20 years. Conclusion: This study further corroborates a distinct biphasic low‐grade neoplasm of the sinonasal tract with seromucinous differentiation. Although morphological and molecular features overlap with salivary gland epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma, several arguments favour categorising these tumours within the spectrum of LGSNAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Late-stage cancer incidence has been proposed as an early surrogate for mortality in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cancer screening; however, its validity has not been systematically evaluated across screening RCTs of different cancers. Methods: We conducted a meta-regression analysis of cancer screening RCTs that reported both late-stage cancer incidence and cancer mortality. Based on a systematic literature review, we included 33 RCTs of screening programs targeting seven cancer types, including lung (n = 12), colorectal (n = 8), breast (n = 5), and prostate (n = 4), among others. We regressed the relative reduction of cancer mortality on the relative reduction of late-stage cancer incidence, inversely weighted for each RCT by the variance of estimated mortality reduction. Results: Across cancer types, the relative reduction of late-stage cancer incidence was linearly associated with the relative reduction of cancer mortality. Specifically, we observed this association for lung (R2 = 0.79 and 0.996 in three recent large trials), breast (R2 = 0.94), prostate (R2 = 0.98), and colorectal cancer (R2 = 0.75 for stage III/IV cancers and 0.93 for stage IV cancers). Trials with a 20% or greater reduction in late-stage cancers were more likely to achieve a significant reduction in cancer mortality. Our results also showed that no reduction of late-stage cancer incidence was associated with no or minimal reduction in cancer mortality. Conclusions: Meta-regression of historical screening RCTs showed a strong linear association between reductions in late-stage cancer incidence and cancer mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the image quality of ultra-high-resolution CT (U-HRCT) images reconstructed using an improved deep-learning-reconstruction (DLR) method. Additionally, we assessed the utility of U-HRCT in visualizing gastric wall structure, detecting gastric cancer, and determining the depth of invasion. Methods: Forty-six patients with resected gastric cancer who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced U-HRCT were included. The image quality of U-HRCT reconstructed using three different methods (standard DLR [AiCE], improved DLR—AiCE-Body Sharp [improved AiCE-BS], and hybrid-IR [AIDR3D]) was compared. Visualization of the gastric wall's three-layered structure in four regions and the visibility of gastric cancers were compared between U-HRCT and conventional HRCT (C-HRCT). The diagnostic ability of U-HRCT with the improved AiCE-BS for determining the depth of invasion of gastric cancers was assessed using postoperative pathology specimens. Results: The mean noise level of U-HRCT with the improved AiCE-BS was significantly lower than that of the other two methods (p < 0.001). The overall image quality scores of the improved AiCE-BS images were significantly higher (p < 0.001). U-HRCT demonstrated significantly better conspicuity scores for the three-layered structure of the gastric wall than C-HRCT in all regions (p < 0.001). In addition, U-HRCT was found to have superior visibility of gastric cancer in comparison to C-HRCT (p < 0.001). The correct diagnostic rates for determining the depth of invasion of gastric cancer using C-HRCT and U-HRCT were 80%. Conclusions: U-HRCT reconstructed with the improved AiCE-BS provides clearer visualization of the three-layered gastric wall structure than other reconstruction methods. It is also valuable for detecting gastric cancer and assessing the depth of invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Renal Pathology Society developed a universal pathological classification of diabetic nephropathy in 2010. Some research has been conducted to validate this classification's ability to predict the outcome. However, the clinical implications of these pathological abnormalities are still being investigated. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the clinical reflections of these lesions to better understand the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Data of 119 patients with biopsy proven diabetic nephropathy from a single center were included in the study. Pathology specimens were reclassified according to 2010 criteria suggested by the RPS. Results: Diabetic retinopathy was more frequently present in patients with advanced glomerular class, IFTA score, interstitial inflammation score, arteriolar hyalinosis score, arteriosclerosis score, and in patients with exudative lesions present (p < 0.05). The proteinuria levels of patients with advanced glomerular classes and exudative lesions were significantly higher, and serum albumin levels were lower (p < 0.05). Hematuria occurrence was more frequent in glomerular class III and IV patients and in patients with advanced arteriolar hyalinosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This large, single center, retrospective study reveals that diabetic retinopathy is associated with glomerular and arteriolar lesions but not with interstitial lesions. Proteinuria and hematuria were independent predictors of glomerular lesions, but not other renal lesions. Nevertheless, prospective studies which include all the confounding clinical factors are required to reach a conclusion on the relationship of hematuria and renal lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many people who smoke cigarettes report believing that nicotine causes cancer, a misperception that may reduce interest in switching to noncombustible nicotine products. Quantitative survey questions do not capture how this population thinks about nicotine and switching to noncombustible products. Methods: This study used an online convenience sample of 193 US adults who smoke cigarettes and reported that nicotine causes cancer. Respondents were asked if they thought nicotine was harmful (and why or why not) and if they would consider switching to a noncombustible product (and why or why not). Inductive and deductive coding were used, and descriptive statistics are reported. Results: Descriptions of nicotine directly causing disease (61%) were more common than descriptions of nicotine causing addiction to a harmful product (8%). One-third expressly stated that nicotine causes cancer, and 21% that nicotine causes lung disease. Interest in switching was moderate (mean 47.4 out of 100). When asked about switching, 34% described enjoying their current smoking experience, 23% described a perceived health benefit, 16% described a health concern, and 11% worried that switching would not address nicotine addiction. Discussion: Adults who smoke commonly perceived nicotine as a direct cause of cigarette-related disease, and harm and addictiveness perceptions were often mentioned as reasons for interest or disinterest in switching to a noncombustible. Future studies could explore strategies for correcting nicotine misperception, stigma related to addiction, and common concerns related to health as well as user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with established kidney failure may have additional medical conditions influencing kidney care and outcomes. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of co-existing diseases captured in the electronic hospital record compared to UK Renal Registry (UKRR) data and differences in coding. Methods: The study population comprised children aged < 18 years receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in England and Wales on 31/12/2016. Comorbidity data at KRT start was examined in the hospital record and compared to UKRR data. Agreement was assessed by the kappa statistic. Associations between patient and clinical factors and likelihood of coding were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 869 children (62.5% male) had data linkage for inclusion. UKRR records generally reported a higher prevalence of co-existing disease than electronic health records; congenital, non-kidney disease was most commonly reported across both datasets. The highest sensitivity in the hospital record was seen for congenital heart disease (odds ratio (OR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51, 0.78) and malignancy (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41, 0.85). At best, moderate agreement (kappa ≥ 0.41) was seen between the datasets. Factors associated with higher odds of coding in hospital records included age, while kidney disease and a higher number of comorbidities were associated with lower odds of coding. Conclusions: Health records generally under-reported co-existing disease compared to registry data with fair-moderate agreement between datasets. Electronic health records offer a non-selective overview of co-existing disease facilitating audit and research, but registry processes are still required to capture paediatric-specific variables pertinent to kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wnt signaling pathway activation is involved in the pathogenesis of a series of malignant tumors and is characterized by the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin protein. The occurrence of two or more Wnt pathway-associated tumors in a single individual is uncommon and generally attributed to inherited cancer syndrome, especially familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Herein, we presented a rare case of a child who suffered from the occurrence of Wnt-activated medulloblastoma and cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma (CMTC) within a 9-year interval. She had no history of FAP and harbored an unexpected somatic mutation of the APC gene in the CMTC tumor. The potential agents involved in the pathogenesis of the two molecular-linked tumors other than FAP were discussed in this report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latinx children with cancer in the United States (US) are more than 50% more likely to die of their cancer compared to non-Latinx White children. Despite this disproportionate likelihood, little is known about the grief experiences of Latinx populations in the US related to the loss of a child including the sociocultural context of this loss experience. We used a meta-ethnographic approach to analyze and synthesize qualitative data across 9 studies related to bereavement and grief in US-based Latinx families following the death of a child. Four key concepts emerged that shape the environment of loss, influence the experience of grief, and affect the related resiliency capacities of Latinx families in the US: (1) immigration context, (2) Latinx cultural influences, (3) social support/familismo, and (4) healthcare inequities. These findings can inform future research and the development of culturally responsive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune check inhibitors (ICIs) are a class of biologic therapy used for cancer treatment that enhances T-cell recognition of cancer cells. Toxicities from ICIs are described as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with Grade 1 to 2 irAEs representing mild-to-moderate toxicity and Grade 3 to 4 irAEs representing severe to life-threatening toxicity. The long half-life of ICIs contributes to the extended and unpredictable nature of irAEs. ICI therapy is typically stopped for Grade 3 to 4 irAEs except for endocrinopathies if clinically optimized. Toxicities can involve any organ system; therefore, a thorough preoperative assessment is imperative to ensure appropriate clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global prevalence of prediabetes is expected to reach 8.3% (587 million people) by 2045, with 70% of people with prediabetes developing diabetes during their lifetimes. We aimed to classify community‐dwelling adults with a high risk for prediabetes based on prediabetes‐related symptoms and to identify their characteristics, which might be factors associated with prediabetes. We analyzed homecare nursing records (n = 26,840) of 1628 patients aged over 20 years. Using a natural language processing algorithm, we classified each nursing episode as either low‐risk or high‐risk for prediabetes based on the detected number and category of prediabetes‐symptom words. To identify differences between the risk groups, we employed t‐tests, chi‐square tests, and data visualization. Risk factors for prediabetes were identified using multiple logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations. A total of 3270 episodes (12.18%) were classified as potentially high‐risk for prediabetes. There were significant differences in the personal, social, and clinical factors between groups. Results revealed that female sex, age, cancer coverage as part of homecare insurance coverage, and family caregivers were significantly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes. Although prediabetes is not a life‐threatening disease, uncontrolled blood glucose can cause unfavorable outcomes for other major diseases. Thus, medical professionals should consider the associated symptoms and risk factors of prediabetes. Moreover, the proposed algorithm may support the detection of individuals at a high risk for prediabetes. Implementing this approach could facilitate proactive monitoring and early intervention, leading to reduced healthcare expenses and better health outcomes for community‐dwelling adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In recent years, the widespread utilisation of advanced imaging modalities has led to a surge in the detection rate of pancreatic cystic lesions, particularly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). Consequently, this review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of IPMN, focusing on elucidating its intricate facets including definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, imaging modalities for diagnosis, analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid, evaluation of malignant potential, and identification of pertinent features. Brief Overview of Current Knowledge: IPMN represents a diagnostic conundrum owing to its variable biological behaviour encompassing both benign and malignant spectra, necessitating meticulous evaluation and risk stratification. Various imaging techniques such as MRI, CT, EUS and abdominal ultrasonography serve pivotal roles in the diagnostic algorithm and risk assessment of IPMN. Additionally, the analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid, incorporating biomarkers and the string sign test, assumes a critical role in discerning mucinous from non-mucinous cysts and gauging malignant potential. Discriminating high-risk stigmata and worrisome features serve as a compass for clinical decision-making regarding the imperative of surgical intervention versus vigilant surveillance. Summary Despite persistent challenges, the ongoing evolution of diagnostic modalities and risk assessment methodologies augur well for refining therapeutic strategies and enhancing clinical outcomes in managing IPMN. This review underscores the imperative of sustained research endeavours in the realm of pancreatic oncology to enrich our comprehension of IPMN pathophysiology and to optimise clinical care paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor. The prognosis for patients with disseminated disease remains very poor despite recent advancements in chemotherapy. Moreover, current treatment regimens bear a significant risk of serious side effects. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for effective therapies with improved safety profiles. Taurolidine is an antibacterial agent that has been shown to induce cell death in different types of cancer cell lines. Methods: In this study, we examined both the antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects of taurolidine in animal models of osteosarcoma. K7M2 murine osteosarcoma cells were injected, both intramuscular and intraperitoneal, into 60 BALB/c mice on day zero. Animals were then randomized to receive treatment with taurolidine 2% (800 mg/kg), taurolidine 1% (400 mg/kg), or NaCl 0.9% control for seven days by intravenous or intraperitoneal administration. Results: After 35 days, mice were euthanized, and the tumors were harvested for analysis. Eighteen mice were excluded from the analysis due to complications. Body weight was significantly lower in the 2% taurolidine intraperitoneal treatment group from day 9 to 21, consistent with elevated mortality in this group. Intraperitoneal tumor weight was significantly lower in the 1% (p = 0.003) and 2% (p = 0.006) intraperitoneal taurolidine treatment groups compared to the control. No antineoplastic effects were observed on intramuscular tumors or for intravenous administration of taurolidine. There were no significant differences in microvessel density or mitotic rate between treatment groups. Reduced body weight and elevated mortality in the 2% taurolidine intraperitoneal group suggest that the lower 1% dose is preferable. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is no evidence of antiangiogenic activity, and the antitumor effects of taurolidine on osteosarcoma observed in this study are limited. Moreover, its toxic profile grants further evaluation. Given these observations, further research is necessary to refine the use of taurolidine in osteosarcoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interstitial fluid flow (IFF) and blood flow (BF) are analytically derived using the continuity and momentum equations for a cylindrical tumor. We considered a tumor as a rigid porous media with necrotic core, interstitial fluid and two capillaries. The capillaries have two pressures: arterial input and venous output. To describe BF within the capillaries and IFF inside tumor tissues, Poiseuille’s and Darcy’s laws are used. Here, we have divided the tumor into three parts. Our results show that the center of tumor has the maximum interstitial pressure. The pressure reduces toward the first capillary and between two capillaries. The reduction of pressure continues at the outside of the tumor. The effect of tilted external magnetic field is also studied. The results show that the field has a significant effect on the pressure. The magnetic field reduces the drug delivery at the center and exterior parts of the tumor. Furthermore, we have studied the effect of different parameters, such as interstitial resistance, magnetic field and necrotic core, on the interstitial pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a non-local tumour growth model of phase-field type, describing the evolution of tumour cells through proliferation in presence of a nutrient. The model consists of a coupled system, incorporating a non-local Cahn-Hilliard equation for the tumour phase variable and a reaction-diffusion equation for the nutrient. First, we establish novel regularity results for such a model, by applying maximal regularity theory in weighted L p spaces. This technique enables us to prove the local existence and uniqueness of a regular solution, including also chemotaxis effects. By leveraging time-regularisation properties and global boundedness estimates, we further extend the solution to a global one. These results provide the foundation for addressing an optimal control problem, aimed at identifying a suitable therapy, guiding the tumour towards a predefined target. Specifically, we prove the existence of an optimal therapy and, by studying the Fréchet-differentiability of the control-to-state operator and introducing the adjoint system, we derive first-order necessary optimality conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this observational study was to investigate the risk factors of a failed first attempt at pediatric central venous catheter (CVC) placement and its impact on CVC-related morbidity. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, we included 3-month-to 5-year-old children proposed for infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization consecutively sing the anatomic landmark technique. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included single-attempt catheter placements, and Group 2 included failed first attempts at catheter placement. The management protocol was standardized for all patients. After comparing the two groups, univariable logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors for a failed first attempt and to show the interest of the single-attempt catheter placement. Results: Among 150 pediatric CVC placements, the incidence of failed first attempts was 41.3% and its main risk factors were children with comorbidities (OR=3.11; 95%CI: 1.17–8.21), hematology and oncology patients (OR=5.6; 95%CI: 2.75–11.38), children with aplastic anemia (OR=3.05; 95%CI:1.388–6.705), and anesthesia sedation with I-Gel airway ventilation (OR=9.21; 95%CI: 1.080–78.5). On the other hand, a single-attempt catheter placement was a protective factor against catheter-related complications with OR=0.258 [0.12–0.55]. Conclusion: It seems that a single-attempt CVC placement may reduce the incidence of complications. The knowledge of the main risk factors of failed first attempts is mandatory for taking necessary precautions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Health and social care professionals (professionals) often lack knowledge, skills and confidence to support adults at end of life with significant caregiving responsibilities for children, < 18. A recent systematic review highlighted a dearth of educational interventions (n = 2) to equip professionals to provide supportive care to families when a parent has cancer. Addressing an evident gap in education, this paper details the adaption and optimisation of a face-to-face educational intervention to an accessible eLearning resource. Methods: Guided by the 'Person-based Approach', a theory-driven and evidence-based face-to-face educational intervention was adapted and optimised as an eLearning resource. This incorporated current evidence, alongside insights from an expert group, learning technologists and research team, leading to the design of an eLearning prototype. This was optimised for acceptability and usability using think-aloud interviews with end-users (n = 13) and patient and public involvement (n = 4). Results: An iterative adaption and optimisation process enabled implementation of navigational improvements, changes to enhance clarity on language and appropriateness of images and interactive components. During optimisation, positive feedback was reported; especially regarding the 'look and feel' and on the educational videos and reflective exercises embedded throughout the eLearning resource. Conclusion: The systematic adaption and optimisation of this novel eLearning resource has aimed to promote relevance, appropriateness, and applicability of an accessible evidence-based and theory-driven training resource for professionals. It has the potential to promote family-centred supportive end of life cancer care, which ultimately can promote better bereavement outcomes. An evaluation of the intervention is required to explore impact on practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy is a novel treatment approach for malignant tumors, which has opened a new journey of anti-tumor therapy. Although some patients will show a positive response to immunotherapy, unfortunately, most patients and cancer types do not achieve an ideal response to immunotherapy. Therefore, it is urgent to search for the pathogenesis of sensitized immunotherapy. This review indicates that Fusobacterium nucleatum, Coprobacillus cateniformis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, among others, as well as intestinal microbial metabolites are closely associated with resistance to anti-tumor immunotherapy. While natural products of pectin, inulin, jujube, anthocyanins, ginseng polysaccharides, diosgenin, camu-camu, and Inonotus hispidus (Bull).Fr. P. Karst, Icariside I, Safflower yellow, Ganoderma lucidum, and Ginsenoside Rk3, and other Chinese native medicinal compound prescriptions to boost their efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy through the regulation of microbiota and microbiota metabolites. However, current research mainly focuses on intestinal, liver, and lung cancer. In the future, natural products could be a viable option for treating malignant tumors, such as pancreatic, esophageal, and gastric malignancies, via sensitizing immunotherapy. Besides, the application characteristics of different types, sources and efficacy of natural products in different immune resistance scenarios also need to be further clarified through the development of future immunotherapy-related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary To assess the relevance of co‐occurring somatic mutations in TP53‐mutated myeloid neoplasms with ≥10% blasts, we pooled 325 individuals from 10 centres. We focused on comparing three published somatic co‐alteration signatures comprising (1) nine MDS‐related genes (‘ICC‐MDSR’), (2) ICC‐MDSR + additional secondary mutations‐related genes (‘Tazi signature’) and (3) EPI6 (comprising six genes). Outcomes examined were 24‐month overall survival (OS24) and front‐line complete response (CR1). The median age was 69 years with 77% receiving front‐line hypomethylating agents (HMA). All three signatures ICC‐MDSR (p = 0.009), Tazi signature (p = 0.001) and EPI6 (p = 0.025) predicted inferior CR1. In the low‐intensity (HMA) subgroup, only Tazi signature (p = 0.026) predicted inferior CR1. In OS24 analysis of the HMA‐treated subgroup (N = 200), only Tazi signature was adverse (hazard ratio, HR = 1.6 [1.1–2.2]; p = 0.011). However, a forward stepwise multivariable age‐adjusted Cox model including all three signatures picked EPI6 as the sole significant adverse predictor in the entire cohort (p = 0.0001) as well as within the HMA‐treated subgroup (p = 0.0071). These data confirm the value of testing co‐occurring somatic alterations even within a high‐grade TP53‐mutated myeloid neoplasm cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Incurable cancer is a major contributor to societal suffering and disability, and palliative rehabilitation is recommended to be integrated within and between cancer services at all healthcare levels. However, little knowledge exists on how integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer is understood and achieved in clinical practice. INSPIRE (Integrated short-term palliative rehabilitation to improve quality of life and equitable care access in incurable cancer) is a large European-funded project that aims to promote quality of life through a novel rehabilitation model for people disabled by advanced cancer. Aim: To compare the existing integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer within official documents and in clinical practice across five European countries including United Kingdom, France, Denmark, Norway, and Italy. Methods: Mixed methods study with a concurrent research design, comprising a document analysis (N = 23), stakeholder interviews (N = 22), and an online survey (N = 225). Data from each sub-study were analysed separately before results were merged. Results: There was limited integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer in official documents and in clinical practice, though some indicators of integration, including participation in multidisciplinary teams and adherence to standardised pathways, were identified in the survey. Notably, integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer in clinical practice was observed within limited organisations in secondary healthcare systems, without widespread adoption. Although palliative rehabilitation in cancer as a concept was sparingly used by stakeholders, they recognised the need for a comprehensive approach including multidisciplinary teams that aligns with the individual patient's needs and goals. Moreover, the ambiguous distinction between the terms 'palliative rehabilitation' and 'palliative care', insufficient funding, lack of well-defined care pathways and competence gaps among healthcare professionals represented barriers to integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer into clinical practice. Conclusion: Integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer was limited in the five EU partnership countries investigated. Clarifying the concept of palliative rehabilitation, including adoption of the concept into official documents and delineating it from palliative care, is essential for more successful integration. This can possibly be achieved by addressing the barriers identified and fostering close collaboration across disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Schlafen (SLFN) gene family has emerged as a critical subject of study in recent years, given its involvement in an array of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, viral infection inhibition, and DNA replication. Additionally, SLFN genes are linked to chemosensitivity, playing a pivotal role in treating malignant tumors. Human SLFNs comprise three domains: the N-terminal, middle (M), and C-terminal. The N- and C-terminal domains demonstrate nuclease and helicase/ATPase activities, respectively. Meanwhile, the M-domain likely functions as a linker that connects the enzymatic domains of the N- and C-terminals and may engage in interactions with other proteins. This paper aims to present a comprehensive overview of the SLFN family's structure and sequence, examine its significance in various tumors, and explore its connection with immune infiltrating cells and immune checkpoints. The objective is to assess the potential of SLFNs as vital targets in cancer therapy and propose novel strategies for combined treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aeromonas virulence may not be entirely dependent on the host's immune status. Pathophysiologic determinants of disease progression and severity remain unclear. Methods One hundred five patients with Aeromonas infections and 112 isolates were identified, their clinical presentations and outcomes were analyzed, and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns were assessed. Two isolates (A and B) from fatal cases of Aeromonas dhakensis bacteremia were characterized using whole-genome sequencing. Virulence factor- and AMR-encoding genes from these isolates were compared with a well-characterized diarrheal isolate A. dhakensis SSU and environmental isolate Aeromonas hydrophila American Type Culture Collection_7966T. Results Skin and soft tissue infections, traumatic wound infections, sepsis, burns, and intraabdominal infections were common. Diabetes, malignancy, and cirrhosis were frequent comorbidities. Male sex, age ≥ 65 years, hospitalization, burns, and intensive care admission were associated with complicated disease. High rates of AMR to carbapenems and piperacillin-tazobactam were found. Treatment failure was observed in 25.7% of cases. Septic shock and hospital-acquired infections were predictors of treatment failure. All 4 isolates harbored assorted broad-spectrum AMR genes including blaOXA , ampC , cphA , and efflux pumps. Only clinical isolates possessed both polar and lateral flagellar genes, genes for various surface adhesion proteins, type 3 and 6 secretion systems and their effectors, and toxin genes, including exotoxin A. Both isolates A and B were resistant to colistin and harbored the mobile colistin resistance-3 (mcr-3) gene. Conclusions Empirical therapy tailored to local antibiograms may facilitate favorable outcomes, while advanced diagnostic methods may aid in identifying correct Aeromonas spp. of significant clinical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Crude and adjusted mortality rates for patients with non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) are among the highest of all healthcare-associated infections, leading to calls for greater prevention. Patients prone to NV-HAP, however, tend to be severely ill at baseline, making it unclear whether their high mortality rates are due to NV-HAP, their underlying conditions, or both. Methods Two infectious disease physicians conducted detailed medical record reviews on 150 randomly selected adults from 4 hospitals who died in-hospital following an NV-HAP event between April 2016 and May 2021. Reviewers abstracted risk factors, estimated the preventability of NV-HAP, identified causes of death, and adjudicated the preventability of death. Results The patients' median age was 69.3 (IQR, 60.7–77.4) years and 43.3% were female. Comorbidities were common: 57% had cancer, 30% chronic kidney disease, 29% chronic lung disease, and 27% had heart failure. At least 1 hospice-eligible condition was present before NV-HAP in 54% and "Do Not Resuscitate" orders in 24%. Most (99%) had difficult-to-modify NV-HAP risk factors: 76% altered mental status, 35% dysphagia, and 27% nasogastric/orogastric tubes. NV-HAP was deemed possibly or probably preventable in 21% and hospital death likely or very likely preventable in 8.6%. Conclusions Most patients who die following NV-HAP have multiple, severe underlying comorbidities and difficult-to-modify risk factors for NV-HAP. Only 1 in 5 NV-HAPs that culminated in death and 1 in 12 deaths following NV-HAP were judged potentially preventable. This does not diminish the importance of NV-HAP prevention programs but informs expectations about the potential magnitude of their impact on hospital deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Mortality among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) declined with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. We investigated trends in mortality in people with HIV from 1999 through 2020. Methods Data were collected from the Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) cohort between January 1999 through January 2015 and the International Cohort Consortium of Infectious Disease (RESPOND) from October 2017 through December 2020. Age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates, classified using Coding Causes of Death in HIV, were calculated. Poisson models were used to assess mortality over time. Results Among 55 716 participants followed for median 6 years (interquartile range, 3–11), 5263 died (mortality rate [MR], 13.7/1000 person-years of follow-up [PYFU]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.4–14.1). Changing mortality was observed: AIDS mortality was most common between 1999–2009 (n = 952; MR, 4.2/1000 PYFU; 95% CI, 4.0–4.5) and non-AIDS–defining malignancy (NADM) between 2010–2020 (n = 444; MR, 2.8/1000 PYFU; 95% CI, 2.5–3.1). In multivariable analysis, all-cause mortality declined (adjusted mortality rate ratio [aMRR], 0.97 per year; 95% CI,.96–.98), mostly 1999–2010 (aMRR, 0.96 per year; 95% CI,.95–.97) but was stable 2011–2020 (aMRR, 1.00 per year; 95% CI,.96–1.05). Mortality due to all known causes except NADM also declined. Conclusions Mortality among people with HIV in the D:A:D and/or RESPOND cohorts declined between 1999–2009 and was stable over the period 2010–2020. This decline in mortality was not fully explained by improvements in immunologic–virologic status or other risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Health-system pharmacists play a crucial role in monitoring the pharmaceutical pipeline to manage formularies, allocate resources, and optimize clinical programs for new therapies. This article aims to support pharmacists by sharing new and anticipated novel drug approvals. Summary Selected drug approvals anticipated in the 12-month period covering the third quarter of 2024 through the second quarter of 2025 are reviewed. The analysis emphasizes drugs expected to have significant clinical and financial impact in hospitals and clinics selected from 54 novel drugs awaiting US Food and Drug Administration approval. New cell therapies for treating cancers continue to enter the drug pipeline, while novel targeted therapies for biliary tract, gastric, pancreatic, and breast cancers, as well as 3 subcutaneous versions of already approved drugs given intravenously, are awaiting approval. Additionally, many novel drugs are being developed for treatment of rare and ultra-rare diseases such as hereditary angioedema, macular telangiectasia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and Barth syndrome. Two new subcutaneous drugs for hemophilia, a new oral medication for hereditary angioedema, a novel monoclonal antibody for atopic dermatitis, and the first oral penem antibiotic are also in the pipeline. Conclusion New drugs with various indications for cancers and rare diseases continue to strengthen the drug pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusion Mucinous cells can be detected sporadically or may constitute the primary tumor component in salivary gland tumors, as observed in the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). This low‐grade tumor is composed of mucinous columnar cells organized into papillary cystic structures. The present study aimed to compare the mucous cells in IPMN with mucous cells present in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and papillary cystadenoma (PC).Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to compare the mucous cells in IPMN with the sporadic mucous cells in MEC (n = 4) and PC (n = 3).The results indicated that IPMN cells were positive for CK7, CK18, DOG1, and NKX3.1 and negative for CK14, SMA, and p63. The mucous cells in both MEC and PC were positive for CK7 and negative for CK18, SMA, DOG1, and NKX3.1. The positive expression of CK14 and p63 revealed the presence of basal cells both in PC, cystic areas of MEC, and normal mucous salivary glands.The immunohistochemical profile of IPMN closely resembles that of the mucous cells of the minor salivary glands yet differs from the mucous cells observed in MEC and PCX. This suggests that IPMN is probably derived from the transformation of secretory cells of the minor mucous salivary gland and has no rimming/basal cells. For this reason, we propose that this tumor is designated as mucous acinic cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactylation, a recently identified post-translational modification, has initially been linked to gene transcription regulation through epigenetic mechanisms. However, its role in tumorigenesis—whether as a major driver or a minor regulator—remains uncertain. Here, we summarize the current understanding of lactylation and discuss the inherent challenges in definitively attributing specific biological roles to this modification. We emphasize the necessity for precise methodologies to manipulate lactylation levels within pathophysiologically relevant conditions. Further investigation is required to determine whether lactylation plays a critical role in tumor biology or merely reflects secondary metabolic alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) applied to ultrasound imaging in gynecology oncology. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched. All studies were imported to RAYYAN QCRI software. The overall quality of the included studies was assessed using QUADAS‐AI tool. Fifty studies were included, of these 37/50 (74.0%) on ovarian masses or ovarian cancer, 5/50 (10.0%) on endometrial cancer, 5/50 (10.0%) on cervical cancer, and 3/50 (6.0%) on other malignancies. Most studies were at high risk of bias for subject selection (i.e., sample size, source, or scanner model were not specified; data were not derived from open‐source datasets; imaging preprocessing was not performed) and index test (AI models was not externally validated) and at low risk of bias for reference standard (i.e., the reference standard correctly classified the target condition) and workflow (i.e., the time between index test and reference standard was reasonable). Most studies presented machine learning models (33/50, 66.0%) for the diagnosis and histopathological correlation of ovarian masses, while others focused on automatic segmentation, reproducibility of radiomics features, improvement of image quality, prediction of therapy resistance, progression‐free survival, and genetic mutation. The current evidence supports the role of AI as a complementary clinical and research tool in diagnosis, patient stratification, and prediction of histopathological correlation in gynecological malignancies. For example, the high performance of AI models to discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian masses or to predict their specific histology can improve the diagnostic accuracy of imaging methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate deconvolution methods, which infer levels of immune infiltration from bulk expression of tumor samples, through a community-wide DREAM Challenge. We assess six published and 22 community-contributed methods using in vitro and in silico transcriptional profiles of admixed cancer and healthy immune cells. Several published methods predict most cell types well, though they either were not trained to evaluate all functional CD8+ T cell states or do so with low accuracy. Several community-contributed methods address this gap, including a deep learning-based approach, whose strong performance establishes the applicability of this paradigm to deconvolution. Despite being developed largely using immune cells from healthy tissues, deconvolution methods predict levels of tumor-derived immune cells well. Our admixed and purified transcriptional profiles will be a valuable resource for developing deconvolution methods, including in response to common challenges we observe across methods, such as sensitive identification of functional CD4+ T cell states. Deconvolution methods infer levels of immune infiltration from bulk expression of tumour samples. Here, authors assess 6 published and 22 community-contributed methods via a DREAM Challenge using in vitro and in silico transcriptional profiles of admixed cancer and healthy immune cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer remains a global health concern, with nearly 20 million new cancer cases and approximately 10 million cancer-related deaths reported in 2020.An increasing number of individuals with advanced-stage cancer are likely to confront the reality of mortality.In China, cancer-related deaths hold the top position among factors contributing to resident mortality, accounting for nearly a quarter of all deaths. Patients with advanced-stage cancer contend with both physical challenges such as pain, physical decline, and functional impairments, as well as psychological issues including death anxiety, fear of death, and feelings of meaninglessness and hopelessness during disease treatment. Death education serves as a method to educate patients on coping with death, alleviating death-related anxieties and fears, and approaching death calmly, thereby facilitating a peaceful end-of-life experience. Currently, there is a dearth of death education content tailored to patients'specific circumstances in China. Consequently, this study aims to explore the content of death education needs among patients with advanced-stage cancer in China. Methods: A qualitative research based on phenomenology was used to select 19 patients with advanced cancer from November 2022 to June 2023. Semi-structured interviews were used to interview, and Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to organize and analyze the data. Results: Six themes were extracted: 1. Death cognition and education; 2. Life review; 3. Ethics of death; 4. End-of-life decision-making; 5. Social support; 6. Disease treatment. Conclusions: Patients with advanced-stage cancer face significant distress caused by their illness and the prospect of death. This distress can impact their quality of life and even influence treatment decisions. It's essential to comprehensively assess the current state and needs of patients, engaging in ongoing interventions tailored to individual patient circumstances. This approach involves implementing targeted death education content and methods. When executing death education, it's imperative to consider the patient's knowledge framework and their level of acceptance. Integrating the patient's disease progression and treatment, as well as addressing their negative emotional states, becomes crucial for enhancing the patient's overall well-being and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]