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The aim of the study was to highlight morpho-physiological changes like plant height, spike characteristics and stomata features in wheat induced by salt stress. Seeds of wheat var. Alex were sown, in mezo-phyto-cosmos, in five repetitions, under six saline doses, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mM NaCl. The experiment was conducted under field conditions. The assessments including plant height, arista, and spike length were taken and evaluated at the end of the experiment. Adaxial stomatal imprints have been sampled and the stomata density (number of stomata/mm2) and their size were assessed under the microscope. Wheat morphological parameters were affected by the highest salinity dose. Plant height was significantly reduced in the 60 and 75 mM NaCl doses by 16% and 20%. The spike length showed a significant reduction only in the highest saline dose treatment. Arista length registered the highest value in the 15 mM NaCl treatment with 23% more compared to the control. Stomata density reported the highest value in the 15 mM NaCl treatment, significantly higher compared to the 0 mM NaCl dose. The highest salinity doses significantly reduced plant height and spike length. Arista length and stomata density showed similar patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity stress has effects on plants as harmful as those caused by drought. This research aim was to evaluate the changes in wheat total chlorophyll content estimation under salinity stress. The experiment was set up on October 15, 2022, by sowing wheat seeds var. Alex in field conditions, in mezo-phyto-cosmos, under six treatments, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mM NaCl. The total chlorophyll content estimation of leaves, flag leaves, and spikes was measured with a chlorophyll meter. The assessments were taken periodically for leaf greenness during in (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) BBCH 11, 14, 51 and at the end of the experiment for flag leaves and spikes greenness. The highest values for leaves total chlorophyll were registered at all treatments except 75 mM NaCl at the fourth evaluation. For flag leaves chlorophyll content, measured at the end of the experiment, the highest value was registered in the control treatment, significantly higher compared to the 15, 45, 60, and 75 mM NaCl by 38%, 86%, 88%, and 91%. The spike chlorophyll content showed no significant differences between all the treatments. Higher doses of saline treatment significantly affect the leaves chlorophyll content, decrease the flag leaf, and spike greenness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive use for different purposes of dill requires split and even short-term studies that are desirable in purpose to highlight the threatening thresholds of salinity doses during vegetation growth season. The aim of the study was to assess the dill growth according to BBCH scale, the leaves' chlorophyll content and stomata number, and morphological characteristics during growth and development under salinity stress. The experiment was set under controlled conditions at 20±2°C T, and 40% H under full light in the growth chamber. Two different salinity levels of 50 mM, 100 mM NaCl and a control were tested in 3 treatments for 5 plants in 6 repetitions. Dill germination rate registered the higher value at 50 mM NaCl compared to the control treatment. At the end of the 10 BBCH germination stage, the lowest NaCl dose determined 100% of germination capacity. The higher stomata density was in the treatment with 50 mM NaCl, with 46% more compared to the control. The chlorophyll content of dill decreased with the increasing salinity levels. Dill is not negatively influenced by the two salinity doses tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The germination of exotic plants usually encounters difficulties. The research aim was to assess the effect of different seed priming methods on lemon germination. A number of 42 test tubes were filled with 11 cm of cotton wool and 1 cm of sterilized quartz sand. Each test tube contained one lemon seed. Three seed priming methods were tested respectively hardening with hot water, osmo-hardening with polyethylene glycol and hot water, hydro-priming, and a control treatment without priming methods. The assessments were made according to the BBCH scale of growth and development. The seeds from osmo-hardening treatments needed 42 days to reach stage 10 on BBCH scale, and the control needed two extra weeks. The hardening hot treatment and hydropriming seeds need 56 days to reach BBCH 09 secondary stage. A percent of 100% germination capacity was obtained to seeds from osmo-hardening, hydropriming and control treatments after 56 days. The most successful treatment in terms of secondary stages distribution was represented by the osmohardening, followed by hardening, then control, and the lowest result was in the hydro-priming treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed dormancy is a major impediment for the production of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) seedlings. This study aims to test seed priming methods to break the dormancy of sage seeds in controlled conditions. Seeds were subjected to four treatments respectively hydropriming, magneto-priming, electro-priming and control with no seed priming techniques. During germination development stage all parameters were registered according to BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) standardized scale. Daily assessments were made, germination indices were calculated, new germination secondary stages were observed and described, and daily range for each secondary stage were obtained. All priming methods had different effect on sage seeds. The hydropriming treatment was the most effective with 70% seeds germinated in 10 days. Sage seeds from magneto-priming determine more than 50% seeds to germinate in only 8 days. Control and electropriming treatment showed a similar value of seed germination, set around 64-65%. In control, electro- and hydropriming treatments are necessary 6 days for the achievement of more than 50% seed germination, while for magneto-priming are necessary 8 days. Hydropriming has the highest germination index, significantly higher than control and magneto-priming. During the germination, hydropriming shows a gradual transition of seeds from one BBCH sub-stage to another, while electro- and magneto-priming induce a heterogenous variation through the entire process. Overall, the hydropriming treatment registered better results of sage germination compared to the control treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]