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The Mayodia ophiolitic complex of Arunachal Pradesh, India is a highly dismembered body located close to the Namche Barwa syntaxis. It structurally represents a klippe and consists dominantly of serpentinite and dunite within which amphibolite and hornblendite occur. Detailed field observations indicate that amphibolites are concordant bodies within serpentinite, whereas hornblendite occurs as dykes. Geochemically, serpentinite samples indicate their abyssal/forearc origin showing refertilisation due to melt-mantle interactions. Massive dunite bodies, occurring as dykes within serpentinites, are replacive in origin and represent fossilized melt channels. The geochemistry of amphibolites is akin to gabbros formed at back-arc basin. Later, serpentinites were severely intruded by hornblendite dykes during the waning stage of back-arc spreading. Finally, the entire litho-package was obducted onto the passive margin of Indian plate as the Mayodia ophiolitic complex which subsequently got folded, deformed and metamorphosed during orogenesis. During this process, the crustal section of the complex was entirely eroded, preserving only the mantle section of this ophiolite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effects of chronic stress on the brain and mental health are significant and are frequently linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The impact of persistent stress, especially PTSD, on the brain and mental health is examined in this study from a forensic perspective. To ensure fair evaluations, assessments, and decisionmaking procedures, the legal system needs to comprehend these ramifications. Aim: This study aims to investigate the neurobiological modifications, cognitive deficits, and psychological effects brought on by chronic stress and their applicability in a forensic setting. The study emphasizes the necessity for thorough evaluations in judicial procedures and seeks to shed light on the impact of prolonged stress on brain function and mental health. Methodology: Using pertinent keywords including chronic stress, brain structure, brain function, depression, anxiety, and PTSD, a thorough search of scientific databases was carried out, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Relevance to the subject, the study's caliber, and the publication date were all considered while choosing papers. Key facts and insights were determined by a comprehensive study of the literature. Results: Chronic stress affects emotional regulation, memory, and the stress response by causing neurobiological changes in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and HPA axis. Prolonged stress is accompanied by cognitive impairments, especially in PTSD, which include executive dysfunction and attention problems. Anxiety, sadness, and increased susceptibility to substance misuse are examples of psychological effects. Conclusion: There are important forensic ramifications to persistent stress, particularly PTSD, on brain function and mental health. While psychological issues make it difficult to participate in court proceedings effectively, neurobiological changes and cognitive deficits might damage someone's credibility as a witness or victim. Fair evaluations require a bridge between neuroscience, mental health, and the legal system. Future studies should pinpoint distinct neuronal processes and consider efficient cures to lessen the effects on forensic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This unique essay conducts a thorough investigation into the causes of female mortality within the first seven years of marriage. Despite substantial improvements in healthcare and women's rights, many countries continue to experience early female death after marriage. For establishing successful interventions and policies targeted at lowering this troubling trend, understanding the underlying causes is essential. Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the underlying factors that contribute to early female death after marriage by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, drawing on a multidisciplinary approach. Methodology: All cases of "unnatural deaths of females within seven years of their marriage" brought to the Mortuary, over the one year from January 2017 to December 2017, totaling 152 cases, served as the basis for the current study. Results: The study found several important characteristics that were linked to a higher risk of female mortality during the first few years of marriage. Socioeconomic inequalities, poor access to healthcare, gender-based violence, cultural norms and expectations, mental health issues, and restricted marital autonomy are some of these reasons. The findings underscore the intricate interplay between societal, structural, and individual elements that fuel this worrying trend. Conclusion: This study reveals that the age group of 18-22 years experiences the highest casualties due to early marriage in India. The majority of victims lack the maturity to handle marital responsibilities. Husband's behavior plays a key role in these deaths, with cooperation and love being scarce. Lower middle-class women are at higher risk, and low education levels are influential. Addressing early marriage, promoting education, and raising awareness are crucial steps to protect the well-being of young women and create a safer environment within marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most important aspects of forensic investigations and genetic research is forensic karyotyping, which involves analyzing a person's chromosomes to find genetic anomalies and establish identification. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology offers a chance to improve and automate the forensic karyotyping procedure. This study examines the possible advantages and difficulties of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic karyotyping. In forensic science, forensic karyotyping is essential for providing an accurate interpretation of genetic data for use in legal and investigative processes. It can offer useful details regarding genetic problems, such as chromosomal abnormalities or mutations, which can help with personal identification, paternity determination, or supplying proof in criminal investigations. Aim: To give a general review of how artificial intelligence is used in forensic karyotyping, evaluate its possible advantages, and address any relevant issues. By being aware of Artificial Intelligence's promise and limitations in this field, we may set the stage for its efficient integration into forensic practitioner. Methods: A database search we did to start the inquiry turned up 582 documents. There were 216 unique records left after duplicates were eliminated. 232 items were subsequently eliminated as a result of download problems. A final sample of 31 research was chosen from the 134 full-text papers that were evaluated (n=134), with 103 being eliminated owing to quality issues. Result: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic karyotyping has several advantages, including automated chromosomal analysis, quicker abnormality discovery, and increased uniformity. For a successful application, challenges such as a lack of labelled datasets and ethical issues must be resolved. Concussion: By increasing productivity, precision, and uniformity, artificial intelligence has the potential to transform forensic karyotyping. While there are obstacles, continued study and cooperation amongst several fields might help you get through them. The ethical and appropriate use of AI in forensic karyotyping will improve forensic investigations, boost genetic research, and expand the use of genetics in the legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reliably calculate the time since death is most important for investigating officers in all unnatural death cases. Reliability of the study can be obtained only when potential influencing factors are considered during the calculation of time since death. One of the methods used for calculating the time since death is based on the cooling of the body. Cooling of the body is influenced by various internal as well as external factors. There are various body temperature-based methods in practice (Henssge's rectal nomogram, Henssge's brain nomogram, and Baccino's both interval and global formulae based on ear temperature) to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). The rectum has been traditionally used to determine the central core temperature after death, though the external auditory canal has been proposed as an alternative site. According to published research, techniques based on ear temperature are just as trustworthy as those based on rectal temperature for determining the early PMI and may be employed as rapid, easy, and non-invasive procedures on the scene. It is vital to keep in mind that other aspects such as rigor mortis, lividity, and decomposition must also be taken into account to achieve a more accurate estimate, even if calculating the time since death based on the cooling of the corpse might be informative. Aim: The goal of this study is to thoroughly examine some of the available approaches, compare the accuracy of the results, and determine which method is more accurate (reliable) at estimating the time of death. Methods: It was decided to evaluate some of the earlier research' published works from different publications and databases. A digital database was searched. Picks were made at random from the studies that were thought to be pertinent to the present goal. Result: Therefore, in addition to the body's cooling rate, other factors like post-mortem lividity, rigor mortis, chemical changes in the body, and mechanical and electrical excitability of the skeletal muscles, are crucial for a more accurate prediction of the time of death. Conclusion: It is usually advisable to take into account additional factors in addition to the algor mortis-based one when determining the time since death so that a more exact and trustworthy time of death can assist the investigating officer in more precisely resolving medico-legal matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The term "suspected poisoning" describes the potential exposure of a human or animal to a poisonous chemical, which might result in a variety of symptoms ranging from minor symptoms to severe consequences. The kind and quantity of the poison implicated may affect the symptoms. If poisoning is suspected, it's crucial to get help right away so that the correct toxin can be identified and the proper management can be given. Aim: To monitor the epidemiological traits and clinical trends of poisoning cases at the emergency department of Dr. RMLIMS Lucknow. Methods: All 295 instances of acute poisoning were reported to the emergency department between April 2022 to March 2023. It is retrospective observational research of 12 months duration carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Data on the patient's age, gender, kind of poisoning, length of hospital stay, and result were gathered from hospital medical records and examined. Result: The majority of victims have married housewives with poor socioeconomic and educational standing who were between the ages of 31 and 40. Agriculture poisons and domestic poisons were the two most often used toxins. Most of the time, the general health at the time of presentation was unstable. Conclusion: Suspected poisoning is a serious medical emergency that might have life-altering effects on the victims. Knowledge of the probable causes and symptoms of poisoning is crucial to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment. Those who have been exposed to harmful chemicals can recover and prevent long-term harm with the proper measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Envenomation from snakebites continues to be a severe public health issue in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The complex range of envenomation symptoms necessitates ongoing innovative approaches for the effective treatment of snakebite victims, especially those resulting from krait species. The present case series provides a comprehensive clinical assessment of krait bite patients (three male patients) in the Emergency Department (ED), emphasising the distinct clinical implications, cutting-edge perspectives, and critical requirements for reporting such occurrences. To identify both shared traits and unique attributes among the cases, authors analysed clinical records, laboratory data, treatment methods, and outcomes. Within the case series, three patients exhibited diverse envenomation symptoms. Notably, discrepancies were observed in the timing and severity of conventional neurotoxic indicators. Additionally, some individuals showed unusual coagulopathic symptoms, which posed challenges in diagnosis and treatment decisions. It is noteworthy that one patient demonstrated resistance to traditional antivenom therapy, raising the possibility of the need for individualised treatment plans. The wide range of clinical manifestations emphasises the importance of individualised care strategies and thorough surveillance. By illustrating the diverse clinical course of krait envenomation and the challenges it presents to healthcare professionals, present case series contributes to the current body of knowledge. The need for reporting and further research is particularly urgent, given the emergence of antivenom resistance. Reporting such occurrences becomes crucial in establishing global treatment recommendations and enhancing scientific understanding in the field as snakebite management tactics continue to evolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Over the last few decades, road accidents have become one of the biggest problems worldwide. Despite improved road infrastructure and potential measures to address the problem, developing countries are experiencing an alarming increase in morbidity and mortality from accidents for pedestrians, drivers, and passengers. Most of the cars involved in accidents involved pedestrians and passengers. Pillion riders are the most common. To find ways to prevent these traffic accidents, this study aims to identify many types and patterns in pedestrian, driver, and passenger accidents. Aim: To understand the pattern of Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents and to prevent associated morbidity and mortality. Method: 1085 instances in all were utilized for the investigation, and information was gathered from the Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences Emergency Department, records, and police records for the six months from October 2022 to March 2023. Result: Male Pillion Riders of the group of 15-35 years without wearing Safety precautions and having been drunk were most common among the affected. Conclusion: Education, adherence to traffic regulations, road improvement, and instruction on safety precautions like wearing helmets or seat belts while traveling can minimize the risk associated with RTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Around 10% of people with diabetes are at risk of losing their eyesight due to diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of blindness globally. Numerous studies have shown that limiting the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy requires thorough treatment of the risk factors for the disease in situations involving diabetic patients who have had retinopathy, forensic specialists are frequently requested to review medical data and offer expert testimony. In such circumstances, physicians may investigate the patient's medical history, taking into account their LDL levels and other risk factors, to see if medical malpractice or carelessness contributed to the development of retinopathy. Aims: The objective is to develop medical provider guidelines, estimate the prospective association between lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) and the risk of retinopathy in diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes, and look into any possible role for malpractice or negligence on the part of medical professionals. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of all 300 samples collected from patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy at the Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow. Using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses, retinal results were associated with blood lipid levels. Result: In diabetic patients with retinopathy, LDL values were considerably greater than in those without retinopathy (p 0.001). Studying the forensic aspects of the relationship between LDL and diabetic patients' retinopathy is crucial because it can enhance patient outcomes and guard against malpractice and mistakes in medicine. Conclusion: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a sensitive target marker to foretell cardiovascular events as well as the requirement for laser therapy in individuals with hypercholesterolemia and diabetic retinopathy. The judicial system's capacity to establish responsibility and pay damages in such situations may be affected by the use of LDL levels as a biomarker for predicting the development of retinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, consistent with the Sepsis-5 consensus definition. Septic shock should be defined as a subtype of sepsis in which particularly severe circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a higher mortality risk than sepsis alone. Infection-induced release of bacterial toxins, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and vasoactive substances increases capillary permeability and leads to extensive plasma leakage, resulting in insufficient effective circulating blood volume and microcirculatory dysfunction., can cause electrolyte imbalances, acidosis, and other changes in the internal environment. Septic shock is associated with alterations in peripheral blood flow, and core-to-skin temperature gradients depend on cutaneous blood flow and microcirculatory function. Infrared thermography is a non-invasive technique that uses an infrared camera to record the infrared radiation emitted by the body, from which temperature is derived. We, therefore, hypothesized that high core-to-skin temperature gradients correlate with septic shock and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scientific evidence plays a crucial role in modern legal systems, enabling fact-finders to arrive at logical conclusions in a variety of cases. However, the credibility of scientific evidence can be a major challenge for judges and juries. Evidence laws provide limitations on the admissibility and presentation of evidence in criminal proceedings, protecting a defendant's right to a fair trial and enabling the efficient conduct of criminal trials. Forensic science has become an essential component of criminal justice, aiding in the identification of the guilty and the prevention of wrongful convictions. As such, the use of scientific evidence in criminal proceedings must continue to be prioritized and protected. Aim-The goal is to examine how forensic science plays a part in the judicial system, particularly how it may be used to establish facts, establish guilt, and provide justice. Methods-A review of the literature on a few of the older studies from various journals and databases was conducted. They searched a computerized database. Studies that were deemed relevant to the current objective were picked at random. Result-Forensic evidence plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system in India. It provides an objective and scientific basis for establishing the guilt or innocence of a suspect, identifying perpetrators of crime, and establishing the facts of a case. The use of forensic evidence in criminal trials promotes transparency and accountability in the criminal justice system and helps to ensure that justice is served. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poisoning cases are coming to the Emergency Department (ED) and cases are increasing day by day due to their easy and vast availability. Clinicians are frequently dealt with to manage critically ill poisoning patients. With the swing of prominence in managing poisoning from in-patient care to early decontamination and early stabilisation, ED physicians are playing a more dynamic role in the care of poisoned patients. The clinical effects encountered by them are dependent on numerous variables, such as the dose, the duration of exposure, the health history of the patient, to provide thorough supportive care, recognition of patients requiring treatment with a specific antidote, and to use the appropriate methods to restrict poison absorption or to increase its elimination, which is the foundation of management. If poisoning in the patient is documented early and appropriate compassionate care is commenced hastily, maximum of patients recover soon. This article is aimed to focus on the more specific issues of emergency management of the poisoned patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skeletal trauma analysis is crucial in the area of forensic anthropology for locating and analyzing wounds in human remains. For the evaluation and recording of bone injuries, a number of techniques and methods have been developed over the years, including ocular examination and cutting-edge imaging modalities. In order to determine the approaches used in diagnosing bone trauma, the goal of this systematic review is to critically study the body of current research. The goal of this study is to draw attention to the advantages, disadvantages, and recent technological developments of these techniques. Aim: This study thoroughly examines the examination of skeletal trauma and the function of forensic anthropology in medicolegal cases, finding knowledge gaps and outlining potential directions for future research. Method: To find relevant studies released within a certain timeframe, a thorough search across the largest scientific databases was carried out. Studies on the assessment of skeletal trauma and the use of forensic anthropology in medicolegal cases were also included. For methodological rigor, quality, and applicability, the chosen papers underwent careful evaluation. According to the particular approaches and procedures used in assessing skeletal trauma and the contributions of forensic anthropology to the field, data were retrieved, synthesized, and classified. Conclusion: This systematic study examines several approaches for assessing skeletal injuries in medicolegal investigations, stressing their benefits and drawbacks as well as the function of forensic anthropology. For this discipline to improve accuracy and validity, advancements, established standards, and cutting-edge technology are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GuiIlain-Barre syndrome is an idiopathic acute or subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with ascending and often bilaterally symmetrical paralysis. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical presentation which is mostly acute flaccid paralysis, and electrochemical analysis. We present a case of electrical burn injury followed by GB Syndrome like features. Patient received the standard treatment of GB Syndrome that is I/V immunoglobulins and physiotherapy besides ventilatory support and supportive treatment of electrolyte and fluid management. He was discharged satisfactorily after two months of management in the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual assault on females may ruin the entire life of the victim. Victims of such incidents rarely get support from any quarters of society, including their family members. On the other hand, men can be made the victim of such heinous crimes by false accusations by women for various motives. As most of the judgments on sexual assault cases are based on circumstantial history, and oral evidence, it may be very hard to disprove the allegation. According to the figures from National Crime Records Bureau's (NCRB) crime in India report 2020, less than 8% of all cases under investigation for rape were found to be false. In 2014, the Delhi commission for women submitted a report stating that, 53.2% of rape cases registered between April 2013-July 2014 was false. In India, the threat of false rape cases on one pretext or the other is increasing since the new amendment to the rape law in 2013. This fact is evident from the study of court judgments and media reports. In most false sexual assault cases, the victim took advantage of a fabricated injury to strengthen the case. There are various motives behind fabricating injury to register false sexual assault cases some of which are, to bring a charge of rape, heartbreak, anger, or some other mala fide motive induces a woman to file a false rape case majority, some women just do it to seek the attention of the media and have publicity, to defame others, to gain a large sum of money by a false allegation and to obtain compensation from the Government, In most cases, it is also found that to cover up first sexual intercourse women falsely accuse their partner of sexual assault. Various studies of disguised injuries in assault incidents showed that, the limbs, neck, and chest are the most favoured sites for disguised injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Host factors play essential roles in viral infection, and their interactions with viral proteins are necessary for establishing effective pathogenesis. p53 is a host factor that maintains genomic integrity by controlling cell-cycle progression and cell survival. It is a well-known tumor suppressor protein that gets activated by various stress signals, thereby regulating cellular pathways. The cellular outcomes from different stresses are tightly related to p53 dynamics, including its alterations at gene, mRNA, or protein levels. p53 also contributes to immune responses leading to the abolition of viral pathogens. In turn, the viruses have evolved strategies to subvert p53-mediated host responses to improve their life cycle and pathogenesis. Some viruses attenuate wild-type p53 (WT-p53) function for successful pathogenesis, including degradation and sequestration of p53. In contrast, some others exploit the WT-p53 function through regulation at the transcriptional/translational level to spread infection. One area in which the importance of such host factors is increasingly emerging is the positive-strand RNA viruses that cause fatal viral infections. In this review, we provide insight into all the possible mechanisms of p53 modulation exploited by the positive-strand RNA viruses to establish infection. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications Translation > Regulation RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)