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Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion Little is known about factors modulating pain and pain‐related functional impairment in isolated cervical dystonia (CD).The aim was to assess the prevalence and interrelationship between pain‐modulating factors and pain‐related determinants of functional impairment and quality of life in CD.We analyzed pain‐aggravating and pain‐relieving external factors, the degree of pain‐related functional impact on routine activities, and the relationship between these and pain severity, using cross‐sectional data collected using the Pain in Dystonia Scale (PIDS) from 85 participants with CD. Pairwise correlation analyses and age‐ and sex‐adjusted linear regression models estimated the relationship between pain‐modulating factors and pain severity, and the impact of pain severity, dystonia severity, and psychiatric symptoms on pain‐related functional impairment and disease‐specific quality of life (measured using the Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire‐24).Stress and prolonged fixed position were the most frequent and impacting pain triggers, with women reporting larger impact. The average impact of pain‐relieving factors was lower than that of pain triggers. Physical exercise and social gatherings were the most impacted activities by pain in CD. The intensity of external modulating factors was a predictor of pain severity. Severity of pain, CD, and psychiatric symptoms independently predicted pain‐related functional impairment, whereas quality of life was predicted by pain severity, pain‐related functional impairment, and psychiatric symptom severity, but not dystonia severity.The PIDS provides insight into external modulation and functional impact of pain in CD. The pattern of external modulation of pain in CD is in line with a multifactorial modulation and complex physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the stresses of the initiator during the termination of their romantic relationship among Bisexual individuals. This study uses phenomenological research design that utilizes phenomenological analysis, the purpose of this research is to understand further the experiences of being an initiator of the breakup inside the bisexual community. This study's participants are 15 bisexual individuals who have initiated the break up with their previous relationship and reside within District Five (5) of Bulacan (Balagtas, Bocaue, Guiguinto, and Pandi). The researchers also acquired a semi-structured interview guide that included questions pertaining to their participants' experiences, challenges, and coping strategies of bisexual initiators of the breakup. The findings of this study revealed that bisexual initiators of the breakup experience anger, grief, depressive symptoms, and experience trying to fix the relationship. Aside from that, this study also reveals that bisexual initiators can feel regret, experience confusion about their gender, experience challenges within their previous relationship, and have bad good coping mechanisms, as well as finding a reason to reconnect with intrapersonal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the bulk sample concentration and airborne concentrations of phthalate in different types of propellent and triggers in consumer spray products and estimate health risk assessment via inhalation. First, the phthalate concentrations were analyzed in the solutions of all products 174 from markets. Then, among 64 products containing phthalates, 10 propellant-type products were selected that contained high phthalate concentrations; airborne concentrations were measured at distances of 1, 3, and 5 m from the spray nozzle in a clean room. Four phthalates were detected in spray products: diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Among propellant-type products, repellents contained the highest mean concentrations (3.90 ppm), whereas sterilized products contained the lowest mean concentrations (0.59 ppm). Among trigger-type products, cleaning products contained the highest mean concentrations (4.54 ppm), whereas coating products contained the lowest mean concentrations (0.73 ppm). In both propellant- and trigger-type products, DnBP and DEHP exceeded the standard set by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of South Korea. No significant patterns were observed for the airborne DiBP, DnBP, and DEHP concentrations at 1, 3, and 5 m (p > 0.05). Children were one of the population groups most susceptible to health risks. Overall, phthalates were detected in both product solutions and the air in consumer spray products; some even exceeded safe limits. Therefore, consumer spray products should be used in well-ventilated areas to avoid respiratory exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Peripherally induced movement disorders (PIMD) are hyperkinetic movement disorders that can occur after injury to a part of the body. This study aimed to identify PIMD in the stomatognathic system following dental or oral surgical procedures. Materials and methods: A total of 229 patients with PIMD (144 women and 85 men; mean age: 53.4 years) triggered by oral surgical or dental interventions were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The average latency between the procedures and onset of PIMD was 14.3 days. Oral surgery (40.2%), including tooth extraction, trauma treatment, and other surgical procedures, was the most frequent trigger of PIMD. This was followed by general dental treatment, including periodontal, endodontic, and restorative procedures (36.7%), prosthetic treatment (19.7%), and orthodontic treatment (3.5%). PIMD consisted of oromandibular dystonia (73.8%), functional (psychogenic) movement disorders (11.4%), orolingual dyskinesia (7.9%), and hemimasticatory spasms (5.7%). Conclusions: These results suggest that even minor alterations in normal anatomy or physiology after dental procedures may result in PIMD in predisposing patients. Clinical relevance: Dental professionals should be aware that although infrequently, PIMD can develop after various dental treatments. If such symptoms precipitate, the attending physician should properly explain them to the patient and provide appropriate treatment or consultation with a movement disorder specialist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of serum HCG levels on the next day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) trigger during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and its relationship with clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 253 infertile patients who underwent IVF-ET fertility assistance at the Reproductive Genetics Center of the First People's Hospital in Kunming from January 2020 to December 2022. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the serum HCG levels on the trigger day: Group A: HCG <50 IU/L with 8 cases; Group B: 50 IU/L ≤ HCG <100 IU/L with 73 cases; Group C: 100 IU/L ≤ HCG <150 IU/L with 90 cases; Group D: HCG ≥150 IU/L with 82 cases. The analysis included the impact of body mass index (BMI), estradiol level on the trigger day, effect of number of follicles with a diameter ≥14 mm on the trigger day on the serum HCG level on the trigger day, and the relationship between the high and low levels of serum HCG on the trigger day and the clinical outcomes. Results There were statistically significant differences in BMI among the groups (P < 0.05) . The linear regression coefficient between BMI and serum HCG levels on the next day of trigger was-11.896 (P < 0.05), showing a significant negative correlation. There were statistically significant differences in oocyte retrieval rate, Meiosis II ( MII) oocyte rate and normal fertilization rate among the four groups (P < 0.05) . There was no significant difference in other observed indicators (P > 0.05), but there was an increasing trend in the rates of high-quality embryos, embryo implantation, and clinical pregnancy with increasing HCG levels. Conclusion The serum HCG levels of the day after trigger have a significant effect on the oocyte retrieval rate, MII oocyte rate and normal fertilization rate potentially affecting the high-quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate. BMI is an important factor affecting the serum HCG levels on the day after trigger, and the dosage of HCG trigger should be personalized based on BMI levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on addressing the issue of too frequent triggers of deep convection in climate models, which are primarily based on physics-based classical trigger functions such as convective available potential energy (CAPE) or cloud work function (CWF). To overcome this problem, the study proposes using machine learning (ML) based deep convective triggers as an alternative. The deep convective trigger is formulated as a binary classification problem, where the goal is to predict whether deep convection will occur or not. Two elementary classification algorithms, namely support vector machines and neural networks, are adopted in this study. Additionally, a novel method is proposed to rank the importance of input variables for the classification problem, which may aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms and factors influencing deep convection. The accuracy of the ML-based methods is compared with the widely used convective available potential energy (CAPE)-based and dynamic generation of CAPE (dCAPE) trigger function found in many convective parameterization schemes. Results demonstrate that the elementary machine learning-based algorithms can outperform the classical CAPE-based triggers, indicating the potential effectiveness of ML-based approaches in dealing with this issue. Furthermore, a method based on the Mahalanobis distance is presented for binary classification, which is easy to interpret and implement. The Mahalanobis distance-based approach shows accuracy comparable to other ML-based methods, suggesting its viability as an alternative method for deep convective triggers. By correcting for deep convective triggers using ML-based approaches, the study proposes a possible solution to improve the probability density of rain in the climate model. This improvement may help overcome the issue of excessive drizzle often observed in many climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with complement dysregulation; aHUS may be associated with other 'triggers' or 'clinical conditions'. This study aimed to characterize this patient population using data from the Global aHUS Registry, the largest collection of real‐world data on patients with aHUS. Methods: Patients enrolled in the Global aHUS Registry between April 2012 and June 2021 and with recorded aHUS‐associated triggers or clinical conditions prior/up to aHUS onset were analysed. aHUS was diagnosed by the treating physician. Data were classified by age at onset of aHUS (< or ≥18 years) and additionally by the presence/absence of identified pathogenic complement genetic variant(s) and/or anti‐complement factor H (CFH) antibodies. Genetically/immunologically untested patients were excluded. Results: 1947 patients were enrolled in the Global aHUS Registry by June 2021, and 349 (17.9%) met inclusion criteria. 307/349 patients (88.0%) had a single associated trigger or clinical condition and were included in the primary analysis. Malignancy was most common (58/307, 18.9%), followed by pregnancy and acute infections (both 53/307, 17.3%). Patients with an associated trigger or clinical condition were generally more likely to be adults at aHUS onset. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that aHUS‐associated triggers or clinical conditions may be organized into clinically relevant categories, and their presence does not exclude the concurrent presence of pathogenic complement genetic variants and/or anti‐CFH antibodies. Considering a diagnosis of aHUS with associated triggers or clinical conditions in patients presenting with TMA may allow faster and more appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics designed to degrade upon exposure to ambient stimuli after use are emerging as promising alternatives to conventional plastics, considering environmental pollution. The so‐called "biodegradable polymers," which can be degraded by enzymes or microbes, are the most reliable biodegradable polymers, and considerable effort is devoted to their practical application. Several other examples are also developed for the cleavage of chemical bonds in macromolecules, as one part of a vast variety of "stimuli‐responsive polymers," especially for biomedical applications. These chemical insights provide a design concept that can even be extended to plastic materials. Here, stimuli‐cleavable linkages, drawing from the chemical insights cultivated in biomedical fields, intended for application in degradable plastics, are outlined. As stimuli for polymer degradation, pH changes, photoirradiation, and redox conditions are selected because polymers released in natural environments may inadvertently be exposed to these stimuli. The degradation pathways are grouped into five categories: 1) stimuli‐cleavable linkages, 2) self‐amplifying, 3) self‐immolative, 4) chain shattering, and 5) double responsive. The classification and organization of the stimuli‐cleavable linkages provide insights for designing new, degradable polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two studies were conducted to explore the influence of bystander features of displaced aggression in provocative situations among male juvenile delinquents. Study 1 examined the differences in displaced aggression between provoked male juvenile delinquents in the presence or absence of bystanders. The results revealed that provoked male juvenile delinquents exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggression when bystanders were present compared to when they were not. Study 2 further manipulated the bystanders' trigger level and investigated the differences in displaced aggression exhibited by provoked male juvenile delinquents towards highly versus lowly triggered bystanders. The results indicated that after low provocation, male juvenile delinquents exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggression towards highly triggered bystanders compared to lowly triggered bystanders. These findings demonstrated that male juvenile delinquents exhibited a high level of displaced aggression towards bystanders in provocative situations, particularly with highly triggered bystanders. This study supported the personality and social model of displaced aggression, emphasizing that bystanders, especially those with high triggers, were more likely to become targets of displaced aggression. The current study provides references for subsequent criminal rehabilitation and crime prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• gEFS is extremely rare phenomenon among IVF patients. • The pathogenesis of gEFS remain largely elusive. • Pathogenic variants in genes related to HA, folliculogenesis and ovarian function may be considered as a genetic etiology of gEFS. Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a condition in which no oocytes are retrieved in an IVF cycle despite apparently normal follicular development and meticulous follicular aspiration following ovulation induction. The EFS is called genuine (gEFS) when the trigger administration is correct. The existence of gEFS is a subject of controversy, and it is quite rare with an undetermined etiology. Genetic defects in specific genes have been demonstrated to be responsible for this condition in some patients. Our objective was to identify novel genetic variants associated with gEFS. We conducted a prospective observational study including 1,689 egg donors from July 2017 to February 2023. WES were performed in patients suffering gEFS. Only 7 patients (0.41 %) exhibited gEFS after two ovarian stimulation cycles and we subsequently performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on these patients. Following stringent filtering, we identified 6 variants in 5 affected patients as pathogenic in new candidate genes which have not been previously associated with gEFS before, but which are involved in important biological processes related to folliculogenesis. These genetic variants included c.603_618del in HMMR , c.1025_1028del in LMNB1 , c.1091-1G > A in TDG , c.607C > T in HABP2 , c.100 + 2 T > C in HAPLN1 and c.3592_3593del in JAG2. As a conclusion, we identified new candidate genes related to gEFS that expand the mutational spectrum of genes related to gEFS.This study show that WES might be an efficient tool to identify the genetic etiology of gEFS and provide further understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of gEFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The firmware developed for the readout and trigger processing of the information emerging from the BIS78-RPC Muon Spectrometer chambers in the ATLAS experiment at CERN is presented here, together with data processing techniques, data acquisition software, and tests of the readout chain system, which represent efforts to make these chambers operational in the ATLAS experiment. This work is performed in the context of the BIS78-RPC project, which deals with the pilot deployment of a new generation of sMDT+RPCs in the experiment. Such chambers are planned to be fully deployed in the whole barrel inner layer of the Muon Spectrometer during the Phase II upgrade of the ATLAS experiment. On-chamber front-ends include an amplifier, a discriminator ASIC, and an LVDS transmitter. The signal is digitized by CERN HPTDC chips and then processed by an FPGA, which is the heart of the readout and trigger processing, using various techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility has been proposed as one of the main experiments on board the Chinese space station. HERD is scheduled to be installed around 2027 and to operate for at least 10 years. Its main scientific goals are the study of the cosmic ray spectrum and composition up to the PeV energy range, indirect dark matter detection, and all-sky gamma-ray observation above 100 MeV. HERD features a novel design in order to optimize its acceptance per weight, with a central 3D imaging calorimeter surrounded on top and on its four lateral sides by complementary subdetectors. A dedicated trigger, dubbed the ultra-low-energy gamma-ray (ULEG) trigger, is required to enable the detection of gamma rays down to ~100 MeV. The ULEG trigger design is based upon the search for energy deposition patterns on the tracker and the anticoincidence shield, compatible with the conversion of a gamma ray within the tracker volume and resulting in enough tracker hits to allow for a good-quality gamma-ray direction reconstruction. We describe the current status of the design of the ULEG trigger system. We also characterize its performance in detecting gamma rays as inferred from Monte Carlo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of a disease can help health professionals to identify risk factors and health-care policymakers to develop corresponding policies. The realization of both purposes depends on comprehensive studies, especially studies done on a large scale. However, comprehensive studies on the incidence of anaphylaxis among inpatients in China are still notably scarce. Hence we aim to explore the incidence and clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis among inpatients over a span of 21 years in Wuhan, China. Methods: We retrieved data on anaphylaxis cases from the Data Platform Application Portal (DPAP) across 3 medical centers of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2023. Results: The data encompassed a total of 362 anaphylaxis patients from 2,139,272 inpatients. Among them 204 (56.4%) were male, and the median age was 45 years old. Over the past 2 decades, the incidence rate of anaphylaxis at Tongji Hospital was 16.92 per 100,000 individuals. After adjusting for gender and age, the annual standardized incidence rate was 234.53 per 100,000 individuals. The incidence rate of anaphylaxis among the inpatients revealed a relatively stable but slowly rising trend over the 21-year observation period. As for the triggers of anaphylaxis, drugs were responsible for 73.6% of triggers, with antibiotics representing the highest proportion of these cases (38.4%). Drug triggers also showed age-specific features: chemotherapy (17.9%) had the highest proportions among children aged 0–3 years; blood products were more prevalent in school-age children. 13.5% of the cases had an unknown cause. In anaphylaxis cases, despite that only 36.0% received epinephrine treatment, the application of epinephrine still showed an ascending trend. Moreover, the mortality rate for anaphylaxis was relatively low (1.6%), displaying a consistent downward trend. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into the incidence of anaphylaxis among inpatients in Wuhan over a 21-year period. Drugs are the most common triggers for anaphylaxis, and the use of epinephrine in anaphylaxis management is far from optimal.

Relapse into substance use after completing detoxification and rehabilitation treatment is a worldwide public, social, and health concern. In general, the relapse rate for substance use disorder patients is 40 to 60 percent. Although substance use remains a burden in the UAE, very little is known about relapse among substance use disorder (SUD) patients. Therefore, this study aims to examine the triggers associated with relapse to substance use at one of the treatment centers. This study is essential to implement an integrated intervention to address relapse in various stages of recovery, from accepting the patient to their reintegration into the community. The methodology of the current qualitative study is based on in-depth interviews with 30 SUD patients at Treatment Center, simultaneously achieving two methodological goals: tracking the addiction process from leaving the center to navigating the surrounding environment, involving family, friends, and work, and identifying the unique experiences of the respondents. The studies produced several findings: The study explores therapeutic, social, and personal triggers, including exposure to the drug after quitting, self-desire, and readiness to use after interacting with these triggers. First, the therapeutic triggers (receiving, internal treatment, therapeutic programs, integration plan with society, etc.) serve as a main trigger for relapse. The second category is social triggers, which are elements of the outside world that can lead, such as exposure to drugs, family, friends, and the workplace. In addition to the personal reasons for relapse includes "the powerlessness to exercise self-control, negativity from both the addict and others around them, considering drug trafficking as a means of generating income, linking drug use to happiness, depression, pain, and loneliness, and not accepting life without drugs." The study recommends developing and improving the existing motivational and therapeutic programs to address relapse, enabling fundamental changes in the therapeutic phase and social integration. Additionally, inclusion plans should be enhanced to address the recovered individuals' needs for community reintegration. Future studies are also recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of existing relapse prevention programs and adjust prevention plans and strategies.

With the development of energy internet,it is necessary to lay the foundation for the integration of data between different energy departments,which can also adapt to the development trend of the internet. The key to the synchronization of heterogeneous databases lies in the capture of data changes at the source,the identification of data operations at the destination,and the synchronization of data at the destination. In the aspect of source side change data capture, the amount of transmitted data was greatly reduced by the source side change data based on the creation of temporary table. In terms of data operation identification,the source side used combined coding to uniformly identify and update data, and the destination side analyzed it by itself,so as to avoid the confusion of interpretation. In order to save the parsing time of a large number of similar statements,the storage procedures of various data operations were formulated in advance at the destination to realize the convenient writing of synchronous data. The practical data synchronization technology was applied to the multi person cooperation mechanism of energy internet planning of Zhuzhou new distribution system,which successfully improves the efficiency,effectiveness and feasibility of the method. The proposed technology of practical data synchronization can not only accurately capture the changed data at the source with the least system overhead,but also make the data at the destination write more quickly.

In response to the inadequacy of existing defense methods for backdoor attacks in federated learning to effectively remove embedded backdoor features from models, while simultaneously reducing the accuracy of the primary task, a federated learning backdoor defense method called ContraFL was proposed, which utilized contrastive training to disrupt the clustering process of backdoor samples in the feature space, thereby rendering the global model classifications in federated learning independent of the backdoor trigger features.Specifically, on the server side, a trigger generation algorithm was developed to construct a generator pool to restore potential backdoor triggers in the training samples of the global model.Consequently, the trigger generator pool was distributed to the participants by the server, where each participant added the generated backdoor triggers to their local samples to achieve backdoor data augmentation.Experimental results demonstrate that ContraFL effectively defends against various backdoor attacks in federated learning, outperforming existing defense methods.

We describe the case of a 6-year-old female who presented with tender nodules and fixed flexion of her thumbs, diagnosed as bilateral pediatric trigger thumb. Though present since infancy, her condition was not diagnosed in prior clinical visits. Pediatric trigger digit is a clinical diagnosis, often missed if the digit's range of motion is not assessed routinely. Given the duration, pain, and severity of her condition, conservative management was deferred, and she was referred for surgery. An approach to clinical management is discussed. Ultimately, further study is required to develop structured management guidelines for pediatric trigger digit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In both Chinese and Western literary theory, there are several fundamental perspectives on the exploration of "the source of textual meaning," which can be categorized into ontological, entitative, and generative types. Future research must integrate the "source" perspective with the "trigger" perspective, while overcoming the postmodern cultural pluralist limitations of "multiple symbiosis." This article adopts the perspective of a "multi-source symbiosis" of textual meaning and maintains that textual meaning possesses characteristics of multiple sources, co-generation, and dynamic transformation. The "multi-source symbiosis" of textual meaning does not emphasize "differences," but rather strives for "consensus." The objectivity of the source of textual meaning and the regularity of textual understanding and interpretation are the prerequisites for agreement on textual meaning. The trigger mechanism for the symbiosis of textual meanings lies in three aspects: disclosing textual meanings in reading behavior, proliferating textual meanings in critical activities, and multi-source triggering of textual meanings in literary events. "Multi-source symbiosis" creates a heteroglossic state of textual meaning, with the ultimate goal of establishing a common understanding of textual meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study attempted to implement the pulse power supply and ignition circuits of a xenon flash lamp in intense pulsed light (IPL) systems used in electronic printing. Owing to the unique load characteristics of the xenon flash lamp, a special power supply design is essential to drive it. Specifically, the pulse power supply integrates the LCC resonant converter-based charging unit, designed to achieve high efficiency and high-power density charging, and a discharging unit, comprising the discharging IGBT and RDC snubber circuits, to realize stable pulse transfer to the load. For the ignition process, the high-voltage output trigger was designed based on the Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier. Meanwhile, the simmer was adopted as the step-down LCC resonant converter with the characteristics of both voltage and current sources to maintain the xenon flash lamp ignition. An auxiliary ignition circuit based on a boost-type resonant circuit was also added to stabilize the simmer output during ignition. In this study, we analyzed the sequence of operating the xenon lamp for ignition and light sintering by designing and developing appropriate parameters for each specification. Finally, the implemented power supply was verified through simulated load, and the xenon flash lamp was confirmed to be turned on normally through experiments. Additionally, the reliability was verified by applying the proposed device to the IPL system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal on Communication / Tongxin Xuebao is the property of Journal on Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose of Review: To review the evidence and role of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a headache and migraine trigger. Recent Findings: MSG is a common food additive, has widely been linked as a trigger of headache, as well as other symptoms. However, the evidence for MSG as a causative agent for headache is debated. Various clinical trials over the past several decades have reported conflicting results, with studies suggesting that MSG does and does not increase the incidence of headache. However, the dosages of MSG exposure are often inconsistent across studies, with many studies administering a dose significantly higher than the average consumption.. Additionally, there are misconceptions about which foods and cuisines have MSG in them. Summary: MSG could be a potential trigger for migraine and headaches. It is unclear exactly how MSG plays into the migraine pathophysiology. It's crucial to accurately determine if MSG is present in one's diet to evaluate its potential impact on headaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract is missing (Short communication)

Deep learning-based Multi-Task Classification (MTC) is widely used in applications such as facial attributes and healthcare, which require robust privacy guarantees. In this study, we propose a novel Multi-Trigger-Key (MTK) framework to fulfill the privacy-preservation objective of protecting sensitive information throughout the entire workflow of MTC. We provide two real world examples that demonstrates how MTK can be implemented in the context of healthcare and financial tasks. Each secured task in the multi-task dataset is linked to a specially crafted trigger-key, processed by a data distributor, a secret key distributor, an assembler, and a model optimizer/keeper in the MTK system. If a user is authorized to access certain data, the insertion of trigger keys will reveal the accurate information. Furthermore, the learning process is structured to allow the four MTK agents to collaboratively distribute privacy protection. To address the information leakage problem caused by correlations among different classes, MTK training also includes a tuning parameter, which is used to balance the protective efficacy and model performance. Theoretical assurances and experimental results demonstrate that privacy protection is effective without significantly compromising model performance.

Abstract Background Triggering final oocyte maturation is a pivotal step in modern patient-tailored IVF/ICSI treatment, securing the optimal number of mature oocytes retrieved without compromising fertilization, embryo development, and live birth. Several factors need to be considered when deciding the time of the trigger: the size of the leading follicles, distribution of the follicular cohort, the duration of stimulation, the protocol used for stimulation, and ovarian response status. Main body The current narrative review aims to appraise all available evidence for determining the proper time for inducing final oocyte maturation following IVF treatment. Moreover, it discusses the impact of the stimulation protocol, follicular size, and magnitude of ovarian response on choosing the proper timing for trigger. Comprehensive literature search of all available articles and relevant articles studying the criteria for timing of final oocyte maturation trigger in IVF/ICSI cycles were included in this review. It was found that leading follicles size of 16–22 mm is associated with the optimum oocyte maturation ratio, size of the remaining cohort of follicles should be ≥ 14 mm, 10–12 days of minimum length of stimulation should be auspicated in normal responders before trigger, and the timing of trigger administration should not depend solely on hormonal levels. Conclusion In conclusion, the timing of triggering of final oocyte maturation in ICSI cycles should be individualized on a case-by-case basis.

The analysis of the degree of surface deformation can be a relevant aspect in the study of surface stability conditions, as it provides added value in the construction of risk management plans. This analysis provides the opportunity to establish the behaviors of the internal dynamics of the earth and its effects on the surface as a prediction tool for possible future effects. To this end, this study was approached through the analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images using the Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) technique, which, in turn, is supported by the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique to take advantage of the orbital separation of the Sentinel-1 satellite images in ascending and descending trajectory between the years 2014 and 2021. As a result, a time series was obtained in which there is a maximum uplift of 117.5 mm (LOS-ascending) or 49.3 mm (LOS-descending) and a maximum subsidence of −86.2 mm (LOS-ascending) or −71.5 mm (LOS-descending), with an oscillating behavior. These deformation conditions are largely associated with the kinematics of the Bucaramanga Fault, but a recurrent action of deep seismic activity from the Bucaramanga Seismic Nest was also observed, generating a surface deformation of ±20 mm for the period evaluated. These deformations have a certain degree of impact on the generation of mass movements, evaluated by the correlation with the LOS-descending images. However, their action is more focused as an inherent factor of great weight, which makes it possible to respond to early care and allows real-time follow-up, giving positive feedback to the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Triggering final oocyte maturation is a pivotal step in modern patient-tailored IVF/ICSI treatment, securing the optimal number of mature oocytes retrieved without compromising fertilization, embryo development, and live birth. Several factors need to be considered when deciding the time of the trigger: the size of the leading follicles, distribution of the follicular cohort, the duration of stimulation, the protocol used for stimulation, and ovarian response status. Main body: The current narrative review aims to appraise all available evidence for determining the proper time for inducing final oocyte maturation following IVF treatment. Moreover, it discusses the impact of the stimulation protocol, follicular size, and magnitude of ovarian response on choosing the proper timing for trigger. Comprehensive literature search of all available articles and relevant articles studying the criteria for timing of final oocyte maturation trigger in IVF/ICSI cycles were included in this review. It was found that leading follicles size of 16–22 mm is associated with the optimum oocyte maturation ratio, size of the remaining cohort of follicles should be ≥ 14 mm, 10–12 days of minimum length of stimulation should be auspicated in normal responders before trigger, and the timing of trigger administration should not depend solely on hormonal levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, the timing of triggering of final oocyte maturation in ICSI cycles should be individualized on a case-by-case basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blackwater fever (BWF) is a severe syndrome occurring in patients with malaria upon antimalarial treatment, characterized by massive intravascular haemolysis and haemoglobinuria. BWF is a neglected condition and management recommendations are unavailable. We performed a scoping review to appraise available data on clinical picture, treatment and physiopathology of BWF, which could guide rationally its clinical management. MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and the reference list of relevant publications, were searched. Papers reporting original data on BWF cases or investigating the physiopathology of BWF were eligible. Data regarding case characteristics, trigger event, clinical management and outcome were extracted. For papers investigating the physiopathology of BWF, study design and principal findings were extracted. No quality assessment was performed. Data are presented as numbers and percentages, and summary of findings, grouped by paper focus (clinical description or physiopathology). 101 papers were included. The majority of BWF cases were observed in autochthonous children (75.7%) and adults (15.3%), in contrast with historical perception that BWF patients were typically expatriates. Clinical management was described for 794 cases; corticosteroids were used in 23. Outcome was reported for 535 patients, with 18.1% mortality. The trigger was reported for 552 (47.5%) cases; in 70.4% identified as quinine. However, two RCT comparing artesunate and quinine for falciparum malaria treatment did not find significant difference in BWF occurrence after their administration. Two case-control studies did not find significant difference in G6PDH deficiency between malaria patients with and without BWF. The physiopathology and optimal treatment of BWF remain similarly unknown as they were over a century ago. Empirical supporting treatment approach seems reasonable, while change of antimalarial drug and use of corticosteroids remain object of debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites were produced to investigate the trigger effect on energy absorption performance. Production was carried out by vacuum infusion method. Three types of trigger geometry were opened on the composite crash boxes produced and also comparison sample without trigger was prepared. The quasi-static compression tests of these four different samples were carried out and the energy absorption performances of the samples were evaluated with the obtained data. In addition, the damages of the samples were examined, and it was revealed how they changed with the trigger. Accordingly, the sample described as S-2, (the triggered sample, which consists of four symmetrical slits downwards from its upper surface) exhibited the best performance in terms of absorbed energy. Additionally, the peak forces were reduced with the triggers opened and the maximum peak force decreases were seen in S-3(with hole type triggers) and S-4 (with horizontal slit type triggers) samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speaker identification based on deep learning is known to be susceptible to backdoor attacks. However, the current research on audio backdoor attacks is limited, and these attacks often use obvious noises as triggers, which can raise suspicion among users. In this paper, we introduce SilentTrig, a novel and imperceptible backdoor attack method targeted at speaker identification. Our approach involves utilizing an optimized steganographic network to embed triggers into benign audio samples and implementing a two-stage adversarial optimization process. This ensures that the poisoned samples are acoustically indistinguishable from their benign counterparts, resulting in a substantially improved attack imperceptibility. We evaluate SilentTrig on two datasets and four state-of-the-art models. The results demonstrate a high Attack Success Rate (ASR) of up to 99.2%, a Just Noticeable Difference (JND) of only 0.3, and resistance to typical defense methods such as Neural Cleanse and Fine-Pruning. • Backdoor attack against speaker identification, improving the imperceptibility. • Optimized steganographic network for embedding triggers secretively. • Two-stage adversarial optimization to get indistinguishable malicious samples. • Designed malicious samples are effective and stealthy for attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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One of the most important priorities today is the employment of graduates of higher education institutions and the formation of entrepreneurial skills in them. It is no secret that the quality of education and the conditions created for our young people to get higher education or to graduate as qualified professionals depend on the conditions created. The fact that the theoretical knowledge currently provided by higher education institutions must be implemented in consultation with employers is very important in a developing market environment. This article describes the ongoing needs and expected results under the EU Erasmus+ project "Triggering innovative approaches, entrepreneurial skills and attitudes in HEI learners through creating the favourable conditions for graduate's employability in Central Asia - TRIGGER". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the impact parameter in a single high-energy ion collision event is an important problem in data analysis in particle physics, because knowledge of the impact parameter is crucial for extracting information about the properties of nuclear matter. In this study, we present the use of a neural network approach for estimating the impact parameter and determining the collision class (head-on or peripheral collisions). We have modeled the data sourced from microchannel plate detectors in two geometries based on the collision dataset at energies GeV obtained by the QGSM MC event generator. We utilized the spatial distribution of particles and their time-of-flight data as event features. The addition of time-of-flight information improves the quality of impact parameter estimation. By comparing two detector geometries with different pseudorapidity acceptances ( and ), we demonstrated that a wider interval significantly enhances the results. The proposed algorithm was able to successfully classify more than 98 of head-on collision events with an impact parameter of less than 5 fm and can be further useful as a fast trigger system. We also discuss further developments and improvements for possible applications of this technique in future experimental setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populations and infrastructure in high mountain regions are exposed to a wide range of natural hazards, the frequency, magnitude, and location of which are extremely sensitive to climate change. In cases where several hazards can occur simultaneously or where the occurrence of one event will change the disposition of another, assessments need to account for complex process chains. While process chains are widely recognized as a major threat, no systematic analysis has hitherto been undertaken. We therefore establish new understanding on the factors that directly trigger or alter the disposition for subsequent events in the chain and derive a novel classification scheme and parameters to aid natural hazard assessment. Process chains in high mountains are commonly associated with glacier retreat or permafrost degradation. Regional differences exist in the nature and rate of sequencing—some process chains are almost instantaneous, while other linkages are delayed. Process chains involving rapid sequences are difficult to predict, and impacts are often devastating. We demonstrate that process chains are triggered most frequently by progressive failures, being the result of gradual landscape weakening and not due to the occurrence of a distinct process. If fluvial processes are part of the process chain the reach (or mobility) of process chains is increased. Increased mobility can also occur if sediment deposition areas along river channels are activated. As climate changes causes glacial environments to transform into sediment‐rich paraglacial and fluvial landscapes, it is expected that the mobility of process chains will increase in the future. Plain Language Summary: Communities and their infrastructure located in mountain regions of the world are particularly susceptible to natural hazards, such as floods and landslides. While these events on their own can be bad enough, when such events occur at the same time or cause a chain‐reaction of different processes, consequences can be worse and extend far downstream. In view of this, we have undertaken a first comprehensive review of 51 relevant events occurring across different mountain regions globally to better understand how these process chains develop, and to identify which conditions increase the likelihood and or size of these events. A key finding is that process chains most frequently begin as the result of a mountain slope gradually becoming unstable over time, and in these cases, no other trigger such as an earthquake or unusually wet or hot weather are necessary. Far‐reaching process chains occur when rivers are involved and when additional gravel and debris sources are added to the mix. As a consequence of climate warming, icy mountain landscapes are thawing and become more unstable, increasing the risk of such process chains in the future. Key Points: High mountain hazard process chains commonly are associated with glacier retreat or permafrost degradationProcess chains are triggered most frequently by progressive failure, which is a result of long‐lasting landscape weakeningAn important implication of climate change is that we can expect an increase in the reach (horizontal length along the flow path) of process chain events in the future [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anemia and red blood cell transfusion are associated with adverse outcomes. Large randomized trials have demonstrated that restrictive transfusion strategies can safely reduce patient exposure to transfusion, forming a foundational pillar of patient blood management. The restrictive transfusion thresholds in these trials ranged from 7 to 8 g/dL for different populations and this variability is reflected in recent guideline recommendations for transfusion triggers. Such variability implies heterogeneity among populations with respect to the transfusion threshold for optimal outcomes. Individual variability (tolerance to anemia, risk of tissue hypoxia, risk of red blood cell transfusion) has not been addressed by population-based trials, supporting the argument for 'physiological transfusion triggers' indicative of inadequate organ perfusion. However, physiological triggers have only been assessed in small feasibility trials without convincing outcome data. This review summarizes data from recent transfusion trials and transfusion guidelines, and reviews potential physiological triggers which could further refine transfusion practices and minimize risks of tissue hypoxia and adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution describes the acquisition and trigger system for the HEPD-02 calorimeter that will be used onboard the CSES-02 satellite for the CSES/Limadou mission. This mission arises from the collaboration between the Chinese Space Agency (CNSA) and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and plans the realization of a constellation of satellites which will monitor ionospheric parameters supposed to be related to earthquakes. It will also monitor the solar activity and the interaction with the magnetosphere and will study the cosmic rays in low energy ranges, extending data from PAMELA and AMS. The CSES-02 satellite will be equipped with various instruments, including the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-02), which was designed to measure the energy of particles coming from Van Allen belts. Signals from the HEPD-02 are acquired and digitized by an electronic board that also produces the trigger for the experiment. A new generation ASIC (CITIROC) for the amplification, shaping and memorization of signals from PMTs will be used on this board. The new ASIC allows the use of the peak detector feature, optimizing the acquisition of signals with different temporal characteristics. Along with this, new algorithms for trigger generation have been developed, providing trigger pre-scaling, concurrent trigger masks and Gamma Ray Burst detection. Using pre-scaled concurrent triggers will allow the study of very sensitive regions of a satellite's orbit such as the South Atlantic Anomaly and polar regions and to detect rare events such as GRBs while still monitoring particle bursts. In this contribution, the progress status of this work will be presented along with the measurements and tests made to finalize the flight model of the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anticipatory Action (AA), which involves timely and informed actions ahead of a crisis/impact, is increasingly being used/promoted as a way to mitigate the impacts of extreme climatic hazards, including droughts. Actions are initiated in anticipation of the occurrence of the hazard and its impacts, and depend on the lead time, likelihood of impact, as well as the effectiveness of, and the capacity to undertake such actions. A decision to initiate actions is taken with a support of the so-called trigger model that forecasts likelihood or magnitude of expected impact. To build efficient and credible AA trigger models, quantitative assessments of relationships between observed climate and environmental conditions, weather/seasonal forecasts, and variables expressing current sectoral and societal vulnerability (collectively referred to as indicators) and expected impacts, are required at varied lead times. These quantitative assessments are needed to: (a) avoid over-weighting (placing excessive trust in) non-skillful indicators; (b) avoid using several co-varying and correlated indicators (over-emphasising their collective importance for the decision at hand); and (c) provide objective and defensible evidence for and consequently confidence in the AA trigger model. Motivated by the need to improve the current AA trigger model used for agricultural drought by FAO in Mindanao, a region of the Philippines which experiences periodic drought-related food insecurity, this study evaluates a range of climate and environmental indicators as a basis for developing a quantitative, objective trigger model. The analyses focus on: (i) an evaluation of efficacy of using a climate-only drought hazard index as an expression of impactful drought in the region, and (ii) an evaluation of the predictive utility of a set of indicators and formal statistical models combining these indicators, at various lead times. We show that the predictive utility of each indicator varies by season and lead time, highlight the varying skill of the trigger model and consequently advocate for transparent inclusion of model skill in the trigger mechanism.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common psychosomatic conditions affecting near 10 % of general population. Despite its relevance for today, there is no a unified approach to understanding its pathogenesis, it could be recognized as a complex somatoform reaction (based on the argument of extremely high comorbidity with anxiety and depressive conditions) or as a functional disorder (based on stereotypical clinical manifestations). The understanding of IBS as a psychosomatic condition as one that has combined psychopathogenesis seems to have the greatest perspectives in a clinical way. The study on psychological and behavioral components of IBS presents a promising area to understand ways of providing high-quality medical care for IBS patients. Aim. To systematize and evaluate the triggers of anxiety in patients with mixed form of irritable bowel syndrome. Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted over a period of 2022–2023 including 100 patients with the main diagnosis of IBS. A distribution of IBS forms was as follows: 67 individuals with IBS-D (ICD-10: K58.1), 12 individuals with IBS-C (ICD-10: K58.2), 21 individuals with IBS-M (ICD-10: K58.3). They all were enrolled in the study as voluntary participants in a closed-ended online survey for IBS community support group. A mean age of IBS group was 38.5 ± 6.1 years. The comparison group was presented by 100 healthy volunteers without diagnosed pathology of gastrointestinal (GI) tract (or any GI-associated complains). A mean age of healthy volunteers was 29.5 ± 4.2 years. The study relied on the following methods: anamnestic, psychodiagnostic and statistical. Results. To structurally evaluate triggers of anxiety in patients with IBS we managed to distribute 23 separate triggers in 3 categories (social activity violations, eating habits and diet restrictions, health concerns). Each category was associated with features of a specific mental disorder: social activity violations – social anxiety disorder; eating habits and diet restrictions – avoidant and restrictive food intake disorder; health concerns – hypochondriasis. Anxiety level rating was collected according to the Likert scale in 5 ranks: “0” no anxiety (calm state); “1” – mild anxiety (slightly nervous); “2” – moderate anxiety (nervous); “3” – severe but controlled anxiety (very nervous or experiencing fear); “4” – uncontrolled anxiety (panicking). A distribution of anxiety levels for each trigger was determined and compared between healthy and IBS individuals. Conclusions. The analysis of the trigger set for social activity violations has shown a dominance of the formal setting and complexity of social situations in increasing the level of anxiety. The analysis of the trigger set related to eating habits and diet restrictions has shown that the formal setting, complicated social activity, and diet violations also tended to induce more intensive anxiety. The analysis of the health concern trigger set has revealed that sensations in the abdomen caused the most intensive cases of anxiety along with concerns about possible misdiagnosis of IBS.

Abstract Background The concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/ luteinizing hormone (LH) after triggering is generally accepted as a predictor of the normal ovarian response to the trigger, but few studies have explored the distribution model of concentration and its impact on oocyte yield. Genetic variations in LHCGR, known as a receptor for hCG and LH, also play a role in oocyte maturation and retrieval. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of concentrations of hCG/LH after triggering on oocyte yield and its association with genetic variants of LHCGR. Methods A retrospective cohort study including 372 antagonist IVF cycles, in which 205 received the recombinant hCG trigger and 167 received the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) trigger, was conducted. The post-trigger concentrations of hCG/LH and the LHCGR N312S (rs2293275) genotype were evaluated in patients to analyse the impact of these factors on oocyte yield. Results The oocyte retrieval rate (ORR) increased significantly among the low-, medium- and high-hCG-concentration groups (0.91 ± 0.25, 0.99 ± 0.23 and 1.08 ± 0.19, P

The determination of charged particle trajectories in collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an important but challenging problem, especially in the high interaction density conditions expected during the future high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC). Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a type of geometric deep learning algorithm that has successfully been applied to this task by embedding tracker data as a graph-nodes represent hits, while edges represent possible track segments-and classifying the edges as true or fake track segments. However, their study in hardware- or software-based trigger applications has been limited due to their large computational cost. In this paper, we introduce an automated translation workflow, integrated into a broader tool called hls4ml, for converting GNNs into firmware for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). We use this translation tool to implement GNNs for charged particle tracking, trained using the TrackML challenge dataset, on FPGAs with designs targeting different graph sizes, task complexites, and latency/throughput requirements. This work could enable the inclusion of charged particle tracking GNNs at the trigger level for HL-LHC experiments.

Two studies were conducted to explore the influence of bystander features of displaced aggression in provocative situations among male juvenile delinquents. Study 1 examined the differences in displaced aggression between provoked male juvenile delinquents in the presence or absence of bystanders. The results revealed that provoked male juvenile delinquents exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggression when bystanders were present compared to when they were not. Study 2 further manipulated the bystanders’ trigger level and investigated the differences in displaced aggression exhibited by provoked male juvenile delinquents towards highly versus lowly triggered bystanders. The results indicated that after low provocation, male juvenile delinquents exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggression towards highly triggered bystanders compared to lowly triggered bystanders. These findings demonstrated that male juvenile delinquents exhibited a high level of displaced aggression towards bystanders in provocative situations, particularly with highly triggered bystanders. This study supported the personality and social model of displaced aggression, emphasizing that bystanders, especially those with high triggers, were more likely to become targets of displaced aggression. The current study provides references for subsequent criminal rehabilitation and crime prevention.