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Simple Summary: Cancer treatments, while improving survival rates, can have serious side effects on the heart. This study looks at how certain cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and targeted treatments, can cause heart problems. By closely monitoring patients' heart function and using specific biomarkers to detect early signs of heart damage, we aim to identify which patients are most at risk and when these problems might occur. Our goal is to improve the way cancer patients are treated by finding better ways to protect their heart health during treatment. The findings from this research could help doctors develop more personalized approaches to cancer care, ensuring that patients receive effective cancer therapies while minimizing the risk of long-term heart complications. Background/Objectives: Cardio-oncology has become essential in addressing cardiovascular complications from cancer therapies. While advancements in treatments have improved survival rates, they also increase cardiovascular risks. This study evaluates the cardiotoxic effects of cytostatic treatments, examining the relationship between tumor characteristics, such as histopathology and TNM classification, and cardiovascular complications, aiming to improve cardiotoxicity prevention and management in oncology patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of cancer patients treated with anthracyclines, HER2-targeted therapies, and radiotherapy. Cardiac function was monitored via echocardiography, focusing on global longitudinal strain and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides were measured to detect subclinical cardiotoxicity, with patients stratified by TNM cancer stage and histopathology. Results: Our analysis identified a significant association between certain cytostatic treatments, such as anthracyclines and HER2-targeted therapies, and a reduction in LVEF, particularly in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Biomarker assessments indicated early signs of cardiotoxicity in patients before clinical symptoms emerged. The findings also demonstrated a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications in patients with pre-existing risk factors. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of personalized treatment protocols in minimizing cardiotoxicity and improving the quality of life for oncology patients. Regular cardiac monitoring, combined with the use of biomarkers, can help identify high-risk patients early, allowing for timely interventions. Future research should focus on optimizing cardioprotective strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular risks associated with modern cancer therapies. Clinical Trial Registration: N/A (retrospective study). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and periodontal health in pediatric patients, focusing on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activity. T1DM in children is associated with elevated levels of oxidative stress, which exacerbates inflammatory responses and increases susceptibility to periodontal disease. Materials and methods: In this observational study, clinical periodontal parameters, such as Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), were compared between two groups: healthy children and children with T1DM. Additionally, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were assessed to evaluate oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Results and Discussion: Results indicated significantly higher BOP, PD, and CAL in the T1DM group, highlighting an elevated risk of periodontal disease. Paraclinical findings also showed increased MDA and reduced SOD and GPx activity in the T1DM group, suggesting compromised antioxidant defenses. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for integrated periodontal and systemic oxidative stress management in pediatric T1DM to mitigate complications and improve health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern, with established associations to both systemic and oral health complications. This study aimed to compare periodontal status and inflammatory biomarkers between obese and non-obese children. Materials and methods: Fifty-two children (26 obese, 26 nonobese) were included, with key parameters such as Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) assessed to evaluate periodontal health. Paraclinical indicators including fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were also measured. Results and Discussion: Results demonstrated that obese children exhibited significantly higher values for PI, BOP, PD, and CAL, indicating poorer periodontal health. Elevated serum fibrinogen and CRP levels, coupled with lower vitamin D levels in obese children, underscored a state of chronic inflammation and potential nutrient deficiency associated with obesity. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach to managing obesity and promoting oral health, suggesting that early intervention in dietary and lifestyle factors could mitigate these risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: This study investigated the correlation between vitamin D levels and serological markers of liver diseases in two groups of patients: the control group (CG) and the study group (SG). Materials and Methods: The study analyzed data on vitamin D levels categorized as insufficient, sufficient, and optimal, along with serological markers, such as alpha2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, bilirubin total, gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results: The results indicate significant differences in vitamin D levels between the two groups, particularly in SG, where vitamin D levels varied according to its status and correlated with serological markers. Marker levels, including alpha2-macroglobulin, glucose, and total cholesterol, were notably higher in SG compared to CG, suggesting a potential association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Further analysis using Pearson correlation revealed a strong, inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and FibroTest, NashTest, alpha2-globulin, and glucose. Additionally, increasing FibroTest and NashTest stages, as well as levels of alpha2-macroglobulin and glucose, were associated with lower vitamin D levels in SG. Conclusion: These findings under-score the complex interplay between vitamin D and serological markers in NAFLD, highlighting the potential significance of vitamin D levels in disease progression. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this relationship and its clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease and diabetes often co-occur; both are characterized by chronic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of carvacrol and magnolol when incorporated into a periodontal hydrogel and topically applied to Wistar rats with diabetes-associated periodontal disease. Forty male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: PD (induced diabetes and periodontitis), PDC (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with carvacrol), PDM (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with magnolol), and PDCM (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with both carvacrol and magnolol). Post treatment, gingival tissue samples were collected to measure levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. The PDCM group exhibited significantly lower levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) compared to the PD group. The combined application of a periodontal hydrogel containing carvacrol and magnolol may significantly reduce gingival inflammation in rats with diabetes-associated periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extreme manifestations of the climate in the North Baragan Plain from Romania, with major negative effects on the productive-financial results of agriculture, demand more and more obviously the need to establish protective forest curtains for agricultural crops. FAO appreciates that the forest curtains protecting agricultural land denote the degree of development of a country's agriculture. The paper shows how forest curtains have an important role in protecting agricultural crops against drought, erosion, and landslides. According to the studies carried out, the effect of forest curtains leads to an average harvest increase of 30-55%. These results represent the effect of the influence exerted by the curtains on the significant reduction of the wind speed in the protected field. Under irrigated conditions, forest curtains increase productive transpiration by 15% and yield by up to 40% compared to fields irrigated but not protected by curtains. Also, water consumption per ton of plant mass produced is reduced by 18%, which means a reduction in the irrigation rate, thus lower costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article from the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation discusses the diagnosis and treatment planning of mandibular laterognathism, a condition characterized by misalignments in the jaw. The study focuses on using virtual planning technology for an interdisciplinary approach to manage mandibular prognathism, a specific dental irregularity. The researchers were able to restore interocclusal relationships, achieve facial symmetry, and improve the aesthetic and functional appearance of patients with severe facial asymmetry. The article also emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach involving orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery for adult patients with class III malocclusion. [Extracted from the article]

During the agricultural years 2020-2022 at SCDA Braila, experiments with maize hybrids have been placed in which the growth and development processes as well as the productivity of Felix, Iezer and F423 maize hybrids have been followed. In the climatic context of 2020, the growing cycle was staggered over a period of 159 days (10.04.2020-16.09.2020), during which time precipitation totalled 162.4 mm, accumulating a useful temperature of 3254°C. In 2021, the growing cycle was staggered over a period of 147 days (05.05.2021-29.09. 2021), during which period rainfall totalled 335.5 mm, accumulating a useful temperature of 3038.6°C, and under the conditions of this year, 2022, maize sown on 28.04.2022, covered 151 days to reach harvest maturity on 26.09.2022 under the conditions of accumulating a useful temperature required to cover the growth and development phenotypes of 3270°C. Yields recorded in the three crop years for the three hybrids ranged from 7.24 t/ha to 11.66 t/ha for hybrid Felix, from 7.48 t/ha to 9.95 t/ha for hybrid Iezer and from 8.96 t/ha to 11.80 t/ha for hybrid F423. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of interaction between the plant and the active soil microbiome are the determining factors of plant welfare and health, crop productivity and soil fertility. The new technologies applied in the agricultural field have as role the promotion of the growth and development of the plants, the sustainability of the agricultural crops, the maximization and the yield of the agricultural crops. The bacteria used in the composition of fertilization or plant protection products are selected bacteria, bacteria accredited by international gene banks, these bacteria being determinants and plant health. The associativity of bacterial cultures has the role of developing and supporting the growth of plants and their protection from certain diseases or pests, through various mechanisms. The use of live bacterial cultures in agriculture has different characteristics. The most important characteristics that these biopreparations have are represented by: the biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil, the solubilization of phosphates, the acceleration of the ACC deaminase process, the production of siderophores and phytohormones, the growth and development of plants. The present paper aims to present the role on which the combinations of bacterial cultures that are used in agricultural ecosystems, bacterial cultures that can replace chemical fertilizers as well as some plant protection products. This article presents, in addition to the biology of each bacterium - the role, action and benefit that these bacterial cultures have in the activity of the soil microecosystem. The positive impact of biofertilizer "BioWais" on plant growth and development, enhancement of resistance of bacterized plants to hypothermia and pathogenic infection, increase of carotid content were demonstrated at the stations where we done the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming has become a problem in many areas. The orientation of farmers towards an agriculture adapted to drought conditions, which uses dry-farming systems, allows the responsible and sustainable management of agricultural lands, without fragmenting habitats and contributing to the extinction of some species of flora and fauna. The survival of some species with a role in biodiversity for agricultural crops, the adaptability of some of them in dry areas and the improvement to create different hybrids with resistance to increasingly aggressive environmental factors, is due to this type of agriculture and to the new directions in specialized research. The study was conducted as an openfield experience, in the southeastern part of Romania, at the Agricultural Research and Development Station, Braila. The research started with the agricultural year 2019 but its climatic conditions were registered as excessive, which is why the capitalization of the results was made only for the agricultural year 2020-2021. Of the 7 cultivated plant species that do not normally fit into the crop plan in the study area, only three species (flax, sorghum, mustard) coped with climate stress and could be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to present the use of new fertilization technologies in agricultural crops in Romania. At the same time, the paper presents the results obtained after testing these new fertilizer products (ecological fertilizers based on bacterial cultures) in parallel with the fertilization of crops with chemical fertilizers. These researches were carried out in two prestigious research institutions, the first being the Suceava Research-Development Station for Agriculture and the second being the Buzau Research-Development Station for Vegetable Culture. Within the two research institutions were established the crops to which both chemical and biological fertilizers were applied, during the experiments analyzing a series of biological parameters of the plant, soil and agricultural production. Following the completion of the experiments, it was observed that the physiology and anatomy of the plants showed changes as well as the production of the crops themselves, the yields showing an increase of up to 57% (in lots fertilized with organic fertilizer, compared to lots that were fertilized with a chemical fertilizer). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the plan for a research project, entitled Research on the digitalization of agriculture in Northern Baragan Plain, through the use of drones and satellites, with the purpose of monitoring crops and efficiency [AGRODATA]. This knowledge supplied by the modern solutions currently appropriate can be valued and transferred to interested farmers by creating an online database (web-portal) to be accessed by farmers who want crop monitoring with the help of satellites and remote piloted drones. With the help of the AGRODATA database, farmers who will join the project and will register with us from the second year of project implementation, after validating the results of the first year, will have access to updated data on the health of the monitored crops, including various warnings and recommendations formulated by scientific researchers.The steps for creating the soil sensor network, the online database, the soil and crop scanning with the help of drones and satellites, with the formulation of warnings and recommendations for each soil are presented. Starting from the climatic data, continuously recorded, to the realization of the agrochemical maps and to the monitoring of the crops, the working method and the advantages of using the Agrodata system are presented in stages. The increase in economic efficiency through the use of this system derives from the fact that the attack of diseases and pests is observed in time, phytosanitary treatments can be carried out locally, so that the consumption of diesel and pesticides decreases significantly. By using the Agrodata system, it is estimated an increase in the economic efficiency of field and horticultural crops from 20 to 35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information that agricultural crops provide to farmers (production, degree of pest attack, soil water reserve, soil nutrient reserve pH, etc.) proves to be valuable information for farmers, the decisions that will be taken later analysis of this information being beneficial, advantageous and profitable for farmers. The implementation of new agricultural technologies and systematic data management have led to the emergence of the typology of "smart farm", a farm that will grow and become profitable as more data is collected, data that will be key elements in modern agriculture. Based on these data, agricultural producers (regardless of the branch of agriculture) will be able to make decisions so that the farm can make a profit. The advantages of obtaining large productions, of a high profit derive from the interpretation of the data obtained from the innovative technologies that more and more farmers implement in their farms, technologies such as sensors, drones, bet-bots, robots, etc. Data from agricultural crops obtained from the implementation of new, non-invasive technologies with the environment will increase crop efficiency, soil resources, reduce pollution of the environment and agricultural ecosystems and obtain healthy crops for humans and animals. The present paper aims to present a new type of farm, a technological farm, inside which any process will be monitored with the help of state-of-the-art technologies. The implementation and use of these new technologies on farms, data collection and interpretation is a crucial step for the farmer as well as a benefit by which farmers reduce farm costs, protect the environment, know exactly what parameters have crops and any disturbance of the agricultural ecosystem produced by pathogens, pedo-climatic factors, etc. The final aim of this paper is to present some of the technologies used by farmers to assess agricultural ecosystems, based on data obtained from crops, making decisions based on these data (after their interpretation), implementing a sustainable process of making of decisions and execution of tasks with the help of technological equipment available on the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows how an experimental bio stimulator derived from agricultural waste and herbs can help the roots absorption of mineral elements and quality of agricultural products. The cultures that were tested the experimental bio stimulator were wheat, barley, rape, maize, sunflower, soybean. The main product of the project (BIOSTIM) that was tested had the following composition: N - 4.1 g / l; P2O5 - 6g / l; K2O - 14g / l; Ca - 8 g / l; Mg - 1 g / l; Fe - 61,5mg / l; Mn - 50mg / l; Zn - 7,6mg / l; vegetal antibiotics; amino acids (Trifan, 2018). Four doses were used, ranging from 0.5 l / ha and 2L / ha, in two and three treatments, on the intense development stage to flowering, in comparison with the untreated control. The results of chemical analyzes of soil and plant extracts, could follow the evolution of absorption of mineral elements in correlation with the biometric measurements and productivity elements. The results of experiments showed highly significant positive correlation between bio stimulator dose, intensity of nutrients uptakes with production and quality of agricultural products, and the stimulator is recommended to use it, both in conventional agriculture, as well as traditional agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results obtained in a research project in which plant growth stimulators and bio fertilizers obtained by natural fermentation of plant remains wheat, barley, corn, sunflower and peas, under the influence of lignolitical microorganisms. Depending on the temperature, biodegradation may occur 7 to 14 days, after which extracts (infusion and soak) of medicinal and aromatic plants of the type Tagetes patula (marigold), Ocimum basilicum (basil green and red), Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), Mentha piperita (peppermint), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Capsicum annuum (pepper). By squeezing, the compost fermented to obtain the title compound (Biostimulator liquid - BIOSTIM) and a second product, represented by a solid organic substrate (generically called BRAISOL). 100% natural products, nutritional properties and to improve the metabolism of plants with increased tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress, facilitating the absorption of mineral elements, translocation and efficient use, improve the quality of agricultural and horticultural products. Bio fertilizers and bio stimulators produced from agricultural waste and herbs can be used with the methods of chemical fertilizer and the treatment of the cultures, as have been tested so far, but at the same time, they can be used in organic farming, where the organic waste from biological cultures. Both have the very high nutritional value for bio stimulator liquid, the concentration of active substance is from 15.25g / l, consisting of macro-, meso- and micronutrients to be added to the active principles of medicinal plants and for a solid organic substrate 58.97% concentration of mineral substances, which were determined in ashes. In this paper, we are shown the beneficial effects that the two products have had on soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of research caring out in the years 2014 and 2015 who were tested seven local populations of Transylvania, in the climatic conditions of Braila Plain. The seed was received from the Suceava Gene Bank, with the purpose of studying their potential in terms of regional production, breeding, acclimatization and hybridization use in breeding the varieties zoned. We studied the coincidence both flowering and morphology in correlation with yields obtained. They were also made some hybridization, so that in the coming years to study characters of the F1 generation. Productions were between 3733 kg/ha (A3) and 7952 kg/ha (A7) for wheat and between 3524 kg/ha (C1) and 6807 kg/ha (C3), the best results were recorded at variants A7 (Baisoara 1) - 7952 kg/ha and A1 (Vima Mare) - 6792 kg/ha for wheat and at variants C3 (SVGB-5106) - 6807 kg/ha and 6 (SVGB-16510) - 6373 kg/ha for rye. Thousand grain mass, the highest values were recorded for variant A1 (Vima Mare) - 45.73 g wheat and C4 variant (SVGB-16116) - 36.04 g, while the highest values of hectolitre mass were recorded at variant A6 (Baisoara) - 78.2 kg/hl for wheat and at variant C4 (SVGB-16116) - 69.3 kg/ha for rye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a case study on economic growth and improved results by association of small agrifarms. The study subject was BRAICOOP Agricultural Cooperative, founded in 2009, which bunching up farmers with less 6,000 ha surface area and now increased to 17 000 ha and more than 46 members. The paper emphasis advantages of association for practicing modern and scientific agriculture, and shows the benefits of applying technology on large, but optimal surfaces. Following the study, results that a maximum efficiency of production increased profits by over 40%. Adapting to the farmers' needs, an agrochemical analysis laboratory was founded under cooperative, in 2014. The present study reveals that so gathered farmers aware the importance of scientific approach based on technologies and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polifactorial experience was located in North Baragan Plain, and experimental factors were: - sowing density, with three graduations (450 gs/sqm; 550 gs/sqm; 650 gs/sqm); - type and dose of fertilizer (chemical - NH4NO3 and urea, biological - AgroArgentum - 2 doses, and unfertilized). By carrying out chemical analyses of the soil before and after application of chemical and biological fertilizers in different vegetation phases, we established the dynamics of nutrients for every variant of fertilization, compared to unfertilized control. Compared with the control, has revealed a different dynamics of nitrogen in the soil, fertilized variants biological nitrogen supply being weaker than the control but in a continued increase from April to June. Instead, chemically fertilized variants were well supplied with nitrogen, but in a continuous decline, reaching as June have lower values than the control, especially variant fertilized with urea. Biological fertilisation with AgroArgentum Forte 100 ml/ha obtained differences significant positive compared to the average experience were obtained at densities between 550 and 650 gs/sqm variety Boema, with 1291 kg/ha and 1135 kg/ha more than control. Barley were recorded positive differences from the average experience (6421 kg/ha) only to versions with sowing densities 550 and 650 gs/sqm, chemically fertilized, the biggest positive difference is the variant 650 gs / sqm ammonium nitrate 150 kg/ha, with a difference of 1321 kg/ha, followed by variant 450 gs/sqm, AgroArgentum Forte 100 ml/ha) with a difference of 1004 kg/ha compared to the average experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of botanical and phytosociological study on the natural grasslands of the Tihuta. Floristic researches show a high floristic and phytosociological biodiversity, determined by pedoclimatic and microstational factors. The flora includes 302 species of cormophytes belonging to 192 genera and 58 botanical families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the productive capacity of some grain sorghum hybrids in relation to the amount of green biomass and dry matter. In the experiment were tested eight commercial varieties with good yield characteristics in two different densities. These hybrids were cultivated in a field that benefited from the pedological and climatic conditions from Agronomical Research Development Station of Brăila. This area is recognized for its very productive soil but also for the heat that is present very often in the summer season. In addition to grain production that can be used for multiple purposes, the secondary production of sorghum is represented by the number of stalks, leaves and panicles separated from the grain. This amount can be used for animal feed or energy purposes. Sorghum, due to its ability to adapt and develop in areas with poor weather conditions, can represent a good option to supplement and complete some plants used for fodder purposes. Through this article it can be highlighted that for the production of a superior amount of green biomass, it is important to cultivate sorghum hybrids that are taller and with greater leaf mass. In this way, can be cultivated some varieties that have an important production of grains but also a high amount of biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study of the threat posed by late blight to potato production. The study used 11 forms of potato with resistance genes to late blight, and one sensible form. It found that some amplification products present in resistance lines and absent in the sensible form could be considered a candidate marker which marks resistance genes.

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici), is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide because of the impact on crop management and wheat production. The primary sources of inoculum in the disease cycle are airborne ascospores, rain-splashed pycnidiosphores from infected plant debris and seed-borne infections (Eyal Z, 1999). Both ascosphores and pycnidiosphores are released under conditions of high humidity, ascospore being released from mature pseudothecia throughout the year (Palmer C.L and Skinner W., 2002). Incidence of S. tritici depends on cultivar susceptibility, inoculum availability, crop management practices, and favorable environmental conditions (low temperature, high humidity, and frequent rain). Interest in this pathogen as the subject of biological research has been stimulated by the concern of growers and scientists in the major wheat production areas of the world, where disease outbreaks are capable of reducing yields by 30-40% (Eyal et al., 1987). Despite its economic importance, the molecular basis of its virulence and pathogenicity it is not completely understood (Palmer C.L and Skinner W., 2002). Host response in the wheat - M. graminicola system is quantitative and is expressed as a restriction of the pathogen's growth within the host. Necrosis and pycnidia coverage are reduced on a cultivar infected by an isolate avirulent to that cultivar and the quantity of fungal biomass produced is low. During the past years map locations for resistance genes to STB in wheat have been determined and most of them have associated molecular markers (S.B. Goodwin, 2007). These genes are distributed on I0 wheat chromosomes on the A, B and D genome. The researchers deal with genetic, cultural and chemical control measures, which is one of the major means for protecting wheat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plum Pox virus is the causal agent of the sharka disease, considered the most pathogen viral of stone fruit crops in Europe. The impact of the disease makes a strong limiting factor for propagation material movement. Infected Prunus trees are the major source of inoculum. The virus is transmitted from them either by grafting or non-persistently by the aphid vectors Aphis spiraecola and Myzus persicae. The number of trees becoming infected in an orchard is directly related, in a given season, to numbers of winged aphids. These aphids probe or feed on infected leaves, then fly to other trees where they again probe or feed. Symptoms may appear on leaves, petals, fruits and stones. They are particularly clear on leaves in spring: mild light green discoloration, chlorotic spots, bands or rings, vein clearing or yellowing, or even leaf deformation. In this study I collected twenty PPV isolates from two orchards situated in Reghin County, based on typical symptoms on leaves. Total RNA was extracted from fresh material plant using the RNeasy Plant Minikit. Than the virus infection was confirmed by molecular methods. For the general detection of PPV, primers located near the 3" end of the coat protein (CP) gene were used to amplify a 243 bp fragment: PI: 5'-3' ACC GAG ACC ACT ACA CTC CC and P2: 5'-3' CAG ACT ACA GCC TCG CCA GA (Wetzel et al., 1991). For RFLP analysis the PCR products was treated with RsaI endonuclease. The primers PI/P2 confirmed the presence of the virus in all the samples with RT-PCR analysis. Using RFLP method we could distinguish the two strains, D and M. Following the digestion with the restriction enzyme RsaI we detected fifteen samples infected with PPV-D, two samples with PPV-M and three samples which presented PPV-Rec(PPV-D+PPV-M). Conclusions: All isolates collected present infection with PPV; PPV-D stain is most spred that PPV-M [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approaches to new technologies in the field of agriculture (technologies proposed by specialists in the field) in order to protect plants, increase productivity, greening the soil and reduce the impact of pollution of agricultural ecosystems are green, non-polluting technologies to be implemented by farmers to reduce costs in agriculture. polishing, obtaining healthy, ecological products and supporting the restoration of processes carried out in the soil, increasing beneficial microbial populations, all in order to achieve an intensive system of sustainable agriculture. Excessive use of fertilization and plant protection products in agriculture has led to the emergence of soil acidification, a phenomenon that has accentuated forms of damage to soil, plants, agricultural products, beneficial soil fauna but especially with negative effects on man and animals. Excessive fertilization and application of PPP products without respecting the indicated doses have irreversible effects on the environment. Soil acidification is a big problem for farmers. The fact that the areas affected by this phenomenon are expanding from year to year detonates "a minus" for current systems and technologies in the agricultural field of our country. The use of alternative fertilization and plant protection technologies such as natural composts, seaweed, as well as the use of microorganisms -bacterial biopreparations- will lead to the occurrence of agricultural ecosystems, to soil recolonization (useful and beneficial fauna restoration soil) but especially an increase in the level of organic elements and microelements in the soil, the solubilization of insoluble compounds in order to provide plants with the mineral elements necessary for their growth and development and, implicitly, agricultural production and obtaining much healthier products for humans and animals. This paper aims to present the main advantages of using bacterial biopreparations, both economically and in terms of crop productivity, aspects related to plant biometrics but especially the benefits that these bacterial cultures have on agricultural ecosystems, namely soil, plants, environment, man and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]