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Fil: Aguilara, Lorena. Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya; España Fil: Aguilara, Lorena. UNESCO Chair on Sustainability; Francia Fil: Gallegos, Ángel. UNESCO Chair on Sustainability; Francia Fil: Gallegos, Ángel. Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya; España Fil: Pérez, Leonardo Martín. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Pérez, Leonardo Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentinas Fil: Pérez, Leonardo Martín. Politécnica ecnica de Catalunya; España Fil: Pérez, Leonardo Martín. NESCO Chair on Sustainability; Francia Fil: Arias, Carlos A. University of Aarhus. Department of Biological Sciences; Dinamarca Fil: Arias, Carlos A. Aarhus University. Centre for Water Technology; Dinamarca Fil: Rubio, Raquel. Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya; España Fil: Rubio, Raquel. UNESCO Chair on Sustainability; Francia Fil: Haulani, Leila. Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya; España Fil: Haulani, Leila. UNESCO Chair on Sustainability; Francia Fil: Garciá Raurich, Josep. Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya. Centro de Investigación en Seguridad y Control Alimentario; España Fil: Pallarés, Marc. Grupo de Desarrollo Empresarial; España Fil: de Pablo, Joan. Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya. Resource Recovery and Environmental Management; España Fil: Morató, Jordi. Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya; España Fil: Morató, Jordi. UNESCO Chair on Sustainability; Francia Abstract: In this work, we have evaluated the impact of intermittent induced aeration in total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (NH4-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) removal in four pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) (two aerated two non-aerated) using cork by-product or gravel as the filter material and planted with Phragmites australis. Both aerated and non-aerated systems achieved high COD and BOD5 elimination rates ( 90%) at the end of the 5-month test period. However, the aerated systems presented maximal COD and BOD5 removal from the third month of operation onwards since air supply favored the oxidative bioprocesses occurring within the wetlands. Cork and gravel aerated VFCW also proved to be more efficient (p

This opinion paper focuses on the role of eco-toxicological tools in the assessment of possible impacts of emerging contaminants on the aquatic ecosystem, hence, on human health. Indeed, organic trace pollutants present in raw and treated wastewater are the pivot targets: a multidisciplinary approach allows defining the basic principles for managing this issue, from setting a proper monitoring campaign up to evaluating the optimal process treatment. Giving hints on trace pollutants fate and behaviour, attention is focused on the choice of the bioassay(s), by analysing the meaning of possible biological answers. Data interpretation and exploitation are detailed with the final goal of providing criteria in order to be able to select the best targeted treatment options. The manuscript dealswith conventional and innovative analytical approaches for assessing toxicity, by reviewing laboratory and field assays; illustrative real scale and laboratory applications integrate and exemplify the proposed approach. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. COST-European Cooperation in Science and TechnologyEuropean Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) [ES1202]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [172050] The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by COST-European Cooperation in Science and Technology, to the COST Action ES1202 Conceiving Wastewater Treatment in 2020-Energetic, Environmental and Economic Challenges (Water_2020). Biljana Skrbic would like to thanks the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia for financial support through project no. 172050.