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Background: Mind-body treatments can improve coping mechanisms to deal with pain, improve the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and reduce perceived pain in some cases. However, responses to these treatments are highly variable, the mechanisms underpinning them remain unclear, and reliable predictors of treatment response are lacking. We employed resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent (rsBOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) following mind-body treatment that may relate to and predict pain relief. Methods: We recruited patients with FMS who underwent either mindfulnessbased stress reduction (MBSR; n = 18) or a psychoeducational program (FibroQoL; n = 22) and a treatment-as-usual FMS group (TAU; n = 18). We collected rsBOLD data, alongside subjective pain, anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing measures prior to and following treatments. We examined behavioral changes and FC changes in the salience network (SN) and sensorimotor network (SMN) and performed regression analyses to identify predictors for treatment response. Results: The MBSR and FibroQoL groups experienced significant reductions in pain catastrophizing. After treatment, the FC of the sensorimotor cortex with the rest of the SMN became significantly reduced in the MBSR group compared to the TAU group. The FC between the SN and the SMN at baseline was negatively correlated with pain reductions following MBSR but positively correlated with pain reductions in the FibroQoL group. These results yielded large to very large effect sizes. Following MBSR, only for those patients with lower baseline SMN-SN FC, minutes of mindfulness practice were positively associated with clinical improvement (small to medium effect size). Conclusions: Different mind-body treatments are underpinned by discrete brain networks. Measures of the functional interplay between SN and SMN have the potential as predictors of mind-body treatment response in patients with FMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Fibromyalgia (FM) affects up to 5% of the global population and is a leading cause of significant social and economic consequences. Higher health literacy leads to better understanding of treatment plans, improved self-care, and adherence to recommendations, enhancing overall quality of life. This study aims to determine whether different aspects of the disease are influenced by patients' education level and literacy when applying the same therapy and to assess how patients' perceptions of therapy outcomes vary over time based on their educational level. Methods: This study involved 140 fibromyalgia (FM) patients diagnosed using the 2016 ACR criteria, with 128 completing the study. Participants attended three visits over 28 weeks and were stratified into four groups based on educational level: Group 1—secondary school or less; Group 2—high school graduates; Group 3—college graduates; Group 4—university graduates. Patients were assigned to groups (n = 32, 32, 30, and 34, respectively) after the initial evaluation (T0). The treatment was assessed (T1) and followed up three months later (T2) to evaluate changes in functional status and quality of life. All patients underwent the same rehabilitation program, cognitive therapy, and kinesiotherapy. Results: Significant differences in disease impact on the patient's life (FIQ total score) were observed between groups from the initial evaluation (p = 0.000). The overall FIQ score was notably affected by non-pharmacological therapy in patients with higher education. These differences continued to be significant even three months after the treatment ended (p = 0.000). Functional limitations were evident from the start (p = 0.000) and improved significantly post-treatment in patients with higher education (p = 0.000). However, subjective evaluations of disease impact (assessed by the first item of FIQ) did not consistently align with objective findings (hand grip strength). Functional limitations did not significantly differ in subjective evaluations (F1Q1) across educational levels (p = 0.045), and inverse correlations were noted between functional status and SF-12 well-being components. Conclusions: This study underscores that higher education enhances fibromyalgia management and functional outcomes, particularly when combined with non-pharmacological therapies. However, subjective perceptions may not always align with objective improvements, indicating that factors beyond education, such as personal and external influences, also impact disease management. Thus, improving health literacy through educational interventions could further benefit FM patients' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercise intensity is a key component of an exercise prescription. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the treatment effect of different exercise doses on fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception until 29 December 2023. The studies were subjected to screening using a 2‐phase approach by 2 independent reviewers. Reference lists of the included studies were manually searched. Two independent reviewers extracted information regarding the origin, characteristics of study participants, eligibility criteria, characteristics of interventions, outcome measures, and main results using a pre‐defined template. Results: This meta‐analysis encompassed a total of 19 randomized controlled trials comprising 857 patients. Compared with the low compliance/uncertain group according to ACSM, the high compliance group showed better effectiveness in general condition improvement (SMD: −1.15 > −0.71), pain relief (SMD: −1.29 > −1.04), sleep quality enhancement (SMD: −1.66 > −1.08), and fatigue relief (SMD: −1.72 > −1.32). However, there was no difference in the improvement of mental health between the two groups (SMD: −0.93 > −0.92). Conclusion: Compared to the ACSM group with compliance uncertainty (<70%), the high compliance group showed improvement in general conditions, pain, sleep quality, and fatigue. However, there was no difference in terms of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Only few studies addressed the topic of Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) effects on geriatric population quality of life and drug usage. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the significant impact of FMS in terms of quality of life (QOL) in geriatric aged patients. Methods 80 patients were studied, 40 with FMS according to FMS 2016 classification criteria, and 40 non-FMS controls. The patients were all above the age of 65 years. The FMS and control group completed Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity Score (SSS). Three questionnaires, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Short Form (SF-36) Questionnaire, and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) were completed. These with additional medical records were used to classify symptoms and severity in both groups. Results Fibromyalgia patients demonstrated significant higher disability scores, (FIQ of 79.5 vs. 33.9, p<.01, and HAQ-DI of 2.00 vs. 1.00, p<.01 for FMS vs. non-FMS, respectively), and lower social functioning in comparison to non-FMS controls (SF-36 of social functioning 0.31 vs. 0.92, p<.01 for FMS vs. non-FMS, respectively). The FMS group had a higher use of pain management medications (opioid use of 12 patients vs. 0, p<.01, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by 11 FMS patients vs. 4 non-FMS controls, p<.01). Conclusions Patients with FMS older than 65 years of age demonstrate poorer outcomes and worse symptoms in comparison to matched-aged non-FMS control group. An association was found between FMS and the effect on the quality of life in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the potential effectiveness of myofascial release compared to passive muscle stretching and to a control group in modulating pain intensity and health status in adults diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM). A preliminary randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted, consisting of eight weekly sessions. The participants were divided into three groups: myofascial release group (RG = 13), a muscle stretching group (SG = 13), and a control group (CG = 12), which received advice from a rheumatologist. The outcomes measured were the visual analogue pain scale (VAS), the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) (representing health status), and the number of painful areas. Univariate analyzes of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed at baseline, after 4 weeks (during treatment), after 8 weeks (post-treatment), and after 12 weeks (follow-up). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) were included as covariates. Clinical trial registration number: NCT: 03408496. After eight weeks, the RG showed lower VAS scores compared to the CG (mean difference 95% CI: −5.10 to −1.26) and the SG (mean difference 95% CI: −4.9 to −0.23) with no difference between the SG and the CG. The total FIQ score for the RG was lower than the CG after 4 weeks (95% CI: −49.92 to −5.61), and 8 weeks (mean difference 95% CI: −52.72 to −15.73), although there was no difference between the RG and SG, as well as between the SG and CG, at both time points. The number of painful body areas was similar in all groups at the four time points. Preliminary results suggest that the RG possibly showed greater improvements in pain intensity and health status compared to the CG, and possibly greater improvements in pain intensity compared to the SG. Myofascial release in fibromyalgia may potentially have greater improvements on pain modulation and health status when compared to medical counseling. Myofascial release, when compared to stretching, may potentially offer greater improvement in pain modulation in fibromyalgia. Myofascial release was not effective in decreasing the number of painful body areas of patients with fibromyalgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of wet cupping therapy in alleviating symptoms of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Materials and Methods: A prospective, single-arm intervention design was employed. Participants were assessed before and after treatment using various tools, including the Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Results: A total of 20 eligible participants were enrolled. Significant reductions in pain were observed both before treatment and by the end of the first week. Additionally, notable improvements were seen in FSS and BDI scores during the first week of therapy. FIQ scores also showed marked improvement after treatment compared to baseline. Overall, wet cupping therapy had a substantial positive impact on all assessed clinical indicators of FMS. Conclusion: Wet cupping therapy effectively reduces pain, alleviates fatigue, improves mood, and enhances the overall well-being of individuals with FMS. It presents a promising therapeutic option for managing this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In patients with fibromyalgia, exercise and education are recommended to decrease pain level and improve pain management. The latest scientific evidence recommends to focus interventions on the upper limb. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the immediate effect of physical activity education vs. a control group on pain and muscle capacity in fibromyalgia patients. Method: Fifty-six participants with fibromyalgia were randomized into an experimental group and a control group. The intervention consisted in watching a five-minute video that provided information about fibromyalgia, pain, kinesiophobia and physical activity. The control group watched a neutral five-minute video about beavers in Quebec. Following the video, participants performed a muscular fatigue task consisting of a repeated unilateral shoulder abduction task. At baseline and following the muscular fatigue task, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in shoulder abduction was assessed as well as pain level and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in the upper limb. Electromyographic activity was also assessed for upper trapezius and middle deltoid muscles. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the MVC, PPT, and pain level before and after the muscular fatigue task between groups. Results: The experimental group showed a significantly lower increase in pain than the control group in the middle deltoid muscle (p = 0.002) when assessed by verbal pain rating scale. No significant interaction or main effect of Group and Time were observed for the pain level at the upper trapezius and elbow extensor muscles nor for any of the PPT measures. According to electromyographic data, the median frequency values indicate that neither group experienced muscle fatigue during the repeated contraction task. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest that a short physical activity education video positively influenced middle deltoid pain following repeated abduction in participants with fibromyalgia. Electromyographic analysis showed no evidence of objective muscle fatigue, suggesting that there might be a partial disconnection between the perception of muscle fatigue and the physiological biomarkers associated with muscle fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hench introduced the fibromyalgia syndrome almost 50 years ago. In the meantime, the prevalence has increased, the clinical criteria have changed and the way we explain (chronic) pain has altered. Design: In the current study, we conducted a worldwide survey in which we investigate whether medical doctors are familiar with the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for fibromyalgia and, if so, whether these medical doctors adhere to the clinical guidelines following evidence‐based treatments. Results: In total, 286 medical doctors from 43 countries spread over 6 continents filled out the survey. In most of the countries, the diagnosis fibromyalgia was used. Only 10% adhere to the ACR criteria, widespread pain (44%), unrefreshed sleep (24%), fatigue (20%) and cognitive problems (8%) were most used diagnostic criteria. Of the respondents, 94 (32%) mentioned that the cause is unknown or idiopathic, but also a wide variety of other causes was mentioned. More than 70 different treatment options were provided, of which 24% of the responses were classified as according to the clinical guidelines. From this study, we conclude that many medical doctors do not follow the ACR criteria; the majority has an inappropriate knowledge of causes for fibromyalgia and that a minority of treatment advice adhere to the guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of neuromodulation have been investigated for the treatment of fibromyalgia, but they show varied efficacy on pain, functioning, comorbid depression and comorbid anxiety. Whether some types of neuromodulation or some factors are associated with a better response also awaits clarification. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of neuromodulation in patients with fibromyalgia. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PsycINFO before March 2022. We employed a frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis. Forty trials involving 1541 participants were included. Compared with sham control interventions, several types of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) were associated with significant reduction of pain, depression, anxiety, and improvement in functioning. Many significantly effective treatment options involve stimulation of the primary motor cortex or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We concluded that several types of rTMS, tDCS and tRNS may have the potential to be applied for clinical purposes. • Several options of tDCS, tRNS and rTMS revealed beneficial effects on fibromyalgia. • aFP2-cEC-tDCS, aEC-cFP2-tDCS, aF3-cF4-tDCS and HFrTMS-M1 had effects on pain. • aC3-cEC-tDCS, aF3-cF4 + aONS-cONS-tDCS, aF3-cF4-tDCS had effects on depression. • aC3-cFP2-tRNS and aC3-cEC-tDCS had significant effects on anxiety. • aC3-cFP2-tRNS, aF3-cF4-tDCS and HFrTMS-M1 had effects on functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disease characterized by widespread, persistent musculoskeletal pain in association with impaired health-related quality of life. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging tool for the management of fibromyalgia. There is no standardized protocol of rTMS for the treatment of FMS, and both low- and high-frequency stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are described in the literature with variable efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of rTMS in people with fibromyalgia and compare the response of low- and high-frequency stimulation with sham stimulation. Materials and Methods: This study was a single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety patients with the diagnosis of FMS were randomly allocated into one of the following three groups: low-frequency (1 Hz) group, high-frequency (10 Hz) group, and sham group. Pain, depression, anxiety, and quality of life were measured using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) immediately following treatment as well as at 1 and 3 months after treatment. The data was statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 software. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Intergroup analysis revealed a significant improvement in NPRS, HAM-A, HDRS, and FIQR scores in both low- and high- frequency groups immediately following treatment and for 3 months after treatment. No significant difference in the efficacy of low- and high-frequency stimulation was noticed. Conclusions: rTMS is an effective mode of treatment in people with FMS. Both low and high frequencies of stimulation at DLPFC are equally effective in reducing pain and associated symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by pervasive pain‐related symptomatology and high levels of negative affect. Mind–body treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appear to foster improvement in FM via reductions in pain‐related catastrophizing, a set of negative, pain‐amplifying cognitive and emotional processes. However, the neural underpinnings of CBT's catastrophizing‐reducing effects remain uncertain. This randomized controlled mechanistic trial was designed to assess CBT's effects on pain catastrophizing and its underlying brain circuitry. Methods: Of 114 enrolled participants, 98 underwent a baseline neuroimaging assessment and were randomized to 8 weeks of individual CBT or a matched FM education control (EDU) condition. Results: Compared with EDU, CBT produced larger decreases in pain catastrophizing post treatment (P < 0.05) and larger reductions in pain interference and symptom impact. Decreases in pain catastrophizing played a significant role in mediating those functional improvements in the CBT group. At baseline, brain functional connectivity between the ventral posterior cingulate cortex (vPCC), a key node of the default mode network (DMN), and somatomotor and salience network regions was increased during catastrophizing thoughts. Following CBT, vPCC connectivity to somatomotor and salience network areas was reduced. Conclusion: Our results suggest clinically important and CBT‐specific associations between somatosensory/motor‐ and salience‐processing brain regions and the DMN in chronic pain. These patterns of connectivity may contribute to individual differences (and treatment‐related changes) in somatic self‐awareness. CBT appears to provide clinical benefits at least partially by reducing pain‐related catastrophizing and producing adaptive alterations in DMN functional connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia is challenging to diagnose and manage as patients present with a heterogeneous array of symptoms and there is a poor understanding of the underlying causes. The decades of research and refinement summarised in this article have improved our understanding of the disease as well as the criteria for diagnosis. This allows us to tailor the diagnosis and management to the individual according to their personal experience of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the perceptions and experiences of health professionals who participated in a multicomponent program for fibromyalgia (FM) patients based on health education, physical exercise and cognitive–behavioral therapy. Methods: In this qualitative, descriptive study that was based on a pragmatic and utilitarian approach, we conducted two focus groups (FGs) with 12 professionals (nurses and general practitioners) from the primary healthcare system of Spain who had been trained as FM experts. A thematic content analysis was carried out. Results: The findings were organized into four key domains, each with explanatory emerging themes. Overall, the professionals positively valued the program for the knowledge gain it offered, its integrated approach, the group effect and other benefits to patients. Work overload and peers' lack of acknowledgement of the program's value were identified as barriers. A reduction in the amount of content in each session, the creation of quality-of-care indicators and the promotion of the new professional role (FM expert) were proposed. Conclusions: The FM experts supported the program and recognized its usefulness. To implement the program within the primary healthcare system, the program needs to be adjusted to accommodate professionals' and patients' reality, and institutional health policies must be improved by providing training on FM to the healthcare community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Electro-acupuncture, an innovative adaptation of traditional acupuncture, combines electrical stimulation with acupuncture needles to enhance therapeutic effects. While acupuncture is widely used, its biological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent research has explored the neurophysiological aspects of acupuncture, particularly through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate its effects on brain activity. Methods: In this systematic review, we conducted an extensive search for randomized clinical trials examining electro-acupuncture effects measured by fMRI. We employed strict eligibility criteria, quality assessment, and data extraction. Results: Five studies met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The selected studies investigated electro-acupuncture in various medical conditions, including carpal tunnel syndrome, fibromyalgia, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and obesity. Notably, electro-acupuncture was found to modulate brain activity and connectivity in regions associated with pain perception, emotional regulation, and cognitive processing. These findings align with the holistic approach of traditional Chinese medicine, emphasizing the interconnectedness of body and mind. Discussion: In carpal tunnel syndrome, electro-acupuncture at both local and distal sites showed neurophysiological improvements, suggesting distinct neuroplasticity mechanisms. In fibromyalgia, somatosensory electro-acupuncture correlated with reduced pain severity, enhanced brain connectivity, and increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels. For Crohn's disease, electro-acupuncture influenced the homeostatic afferent processing network, potentially mitigating gut inflammation. Electro-acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome led to decreased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, offering pain relief, while electro-acupuncture for obesity impacted brain regions associated with dietary inhibition and emotional regulation. Conclusion: This systematic review provides evidence that electro-acupuncture can positively impact a range of medical conditions, possibly by modulating brain activity and connectivity. While the quality of the reviewed studies is generally good, further research with larger sample sizes and longer-term assessments is needed to better understand the mechanisms and optimize electro-acupuncture protocols for specific health conditions. The limited number of studies in this review emphasizes the need for broader investigations in this promising field. The research protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023465866). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fibromyalgia affects patients' quality of life. Therefore, an essential part of patients' medical management is to develop appropriate coping strategies. This study aimed to obtain a comprehensive picture of patients' cognitive and behavioural strategies to cope with fibromyalgia. Methods: A qualitative design was conducted based on the grounded theory method. Two focus group discussion sessions were held with 15 Israeli women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. A constant comparative analysis method was utilized. Results: The findings of themes related to women's coping with fibromyalgia included: Emotional coping, with two categories: (a) from repression and despair to acceptance and completion, and (b) a range of negative and positive emotions; Practical coping, with three categories: (a) the agonizing process of receiving/internalizing the diagnosis, (b) living with the symptoms, and (c) changing lifestyle; Coping with the social environment, with three categories: (a) sharing vs. concealing, (b) social connection--disconnection, and (c) environmental resources. In addition, we identified a theme on the patients' perceptions of the causes of their fibromyalgia that effect their coping, with three categories: (a) demanding lifestyle; (b) traumatic life events; and (c) personality trait--perfectionism. Conclusion: It would be desirable for rheumatology units to have an interdisciplinary professional team to work together with patients to consider how best to manage and effectively cope with their condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study aimed to find whether Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ) predicts the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms after one year in patients with fibromyalgia. The second aim of the study was to observe how symptoms evolved during a one-year follow-up. Design: Prospective cohort and observational study. Five questionnaires were sent to patients. The same questionnaires (excluding ÖMPSQ) were sent after one year. The patients were allocated into two cohorts using the results of ÖMPSQ. Other variables were analyzed and observed separately. Setting: Primary healthcare center in the city of Nokia, Pirkanmaa, Finland Subjects: Patients with fibromyalgia were included in the study after a physician's examination and confirmation of diagnosis with the assistance of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2010 criteria. Main outcome measures: Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) scores Results: The FIQ scores increased slightly in both ÖMPSQ-cohorts with no statistically significant differences. The patients mostly reported that the symptoms were unchanged or got worse when asked separately from other questionnaires. There was a statistically significant decrease in PHQ-9 score in depressed patients who received antidepressants and/or psychological therapy. In addition, FIQ scores also decreased in depressed patients. Patients who received alterations to the treatment plan reported positive changes in the symptoms more often. Conclusion: With these results, we cannot conclude that ÖMPSQ predicts the patient's severity of symptoms. On the contrary, we can conclude that antidepressants and/or psychological therapy might reduce fibromyalgia symptoms for depressed patients with fibromyalgia. Patients with fibromyalgia might benefit from clinical evaluation and modifications to the treatment plan if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a positive affect skills intervention for middle-aged and older adults with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Research Design and Methods Ninety-five participants with FMS aged 50 and older (94% female) were randomized to 1 of 2 conditions: (a) Lessons in Affect Regulation to Keep Stress and Pain UndeR control (LARKSPUR; n = 49) or (b) emotion reporting/control (n = 46). LARKSPUR included 5 weeks of skill training that targeted 8 skills to help foster positive affect, including (a) noticing positive events, (b) savoring positive events, (c) identifying personal strengths, (d) behavioral activation to set and work toward attainable goals, (e) mindfulness, (f) positive reappraisal, (g) gratitude, and (h) acts of kindness. Outcome data were collected via online surveys at baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up. Results Completion rates (88%) and satisfaction ratings (10-point scale) were high (LARKSPUR: M = 9.14, standard deviation (SD) = 1.49; control: M = 8.59, SD = 1.97). Improvements were greater in LARKSPUR participants compared with control participants on measures of positive affect (Cohen's d = 0.19 [0.15, 0.24]), negative affect (Cohen's d = −0.07 [−0.11, −0.02]), and pain catastrophizing (Cohen's d = −0.14 [−0.23, −0.05]). Improvements in positive affect (Cohen's d = 0.17 [0.13, 0.22]) and negative affect (Cohen's d = −0.11 [−0.15, −0.06]) were maintained at 1-month follow-up. Dose–response analyses indicated that intervention engagement significantly predicted pre-to-post and post–to-follow-up reductions in pain catastrophizing. Discussion and Implications The current preliminary findings add to existing literature and highlight the specific potential of internet-delivered positive affect skills programs for adults with FMS. Clinical Trial Registration NCT04869345. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by a large variety of symptoms. Evidence suggests that an alteration of central nervous system processing of pain could be involved. The purpose of this study is to analyze clinical records of patients affected by FM who underwent osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), predominantly based on a myofascial release approach (MFR). This retrospective study considered records of 21 FM patients with moderate or severe functional impact, who consented to OMT in addition to their usual care. The assessment considered the following measures: FIQ (functional status), SF36 (quality of life), VAS (pain), TSK (kinesiophobia) and PSQI (quality of sleeping). Patients were preliminarily assessed over a 1 month run-in phase, then after 1, 2 and 4 months; a 1 month follow-up was also considered. After one month, 71% of patients reported a decrease in functional impact and scores remained stable until follow-up (from 69.8 to 52.37, p≤0.001). Overall, after four months, patients improved their quality of life, with a score ranging from 33.47 to 42.6 (p≤0.05). We also observed a reduction of pain (p≤0.05). A series of OMT sessions based on MFR could play a therapeutic role in improving functional status, pain and quality of life over a period of 4 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the use of non-invasive and minimally invasive vagus nerve stimulation for chronic pain. Chronic pain affects a significant portion of the population and better techniques are needed to manage pain and restore function without the risks of addiction or overdose. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation has shown effectiveness in treating pain and comorbid conditions such as mood and substance use disorders. The article explores the use of vagus nerve stimulation in various conditions, including functional abdominal pain, primary headache disorders, and opioid use disorder. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and efficacy of this treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The currently available evidence is unclear in regard to pain-related outcomes of patients with chronic pain conditions who undergo treatment with anthroposophic medicine (AM). Aim: To identify and synthesize the evidence in patients with chronic pain before and after AM therapy. Methods: The following databases and search interfaces were searched on October 21, 2021: Embase (via Embase.com), Medline (via PubMed), and the Cochrane Library. Additional references were identified via bibliographies of included studies. In at least one experimental arm that used anthroposophic therapy to treat chronic pain, AM treatments were required to be documented. Included studies reported on pain severity and physical and emotional functioning. Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and conducted the quality evaluation of the included studies based on the critical appraisal tools provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Seven studies (eight publications) were included in the review, of which were three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two non-RCTs, and two pretest–post-test studies. A total number of 600 patients participated in the identified experimental studies, of whom all were adults. Three studies included patients with low back pain, one study each assessed patients with fibromyalgia, migraine, dysmenorrhea, and postpolio syndrome, respectively. The identified clinical studies reported considerable reductions in symptoms and effect sizes of pain outcomes after AM therapies being predominantly large, with no notable adverse effects. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review of studies assessing AM therapies in patients with chronic pain problems revealed that there is a scarcity of evidence currently available, with unclear effects of AM treatments in reducing pain intensity and improving quality of life in the evaluated health conditions. Although most of the studies revealed a favorable benefit on one or more pain-related outcomes, the variability of the research did not allow for generalization across different studies, health conditions, and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of electrophysical agents in fibromyalgia. Data sources: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PEDro, and Web of Science were searched from their inceptions to March 27, 2023. Methods: This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022354326). Methodological quality of included trials was assessed using PEDro scale, and the quality of evidence was determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. The primary outcomes were pain, functional status, and mood. Results: Fifty-four studies involving 3045 patients with fibromyalgia were eligible for qualitative synthesis and 47 (pain), 31 (functional status), and 26 (mood) for network meta-analysis. The network consistency model revealed that, when compared with true control, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and microcurrent improved pain symptoms (P = 0.006 and P = 0.037, respectively); repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improved patient functional status (P = 0.018); and microcurrent (P = 0.001), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (P = 0.022), and no treatment (P = 0.038) significantly improved mood after intervention. Surface under the cumulative ranking indicated that microcurrent was most likely to be the best for managing pain and mood (surface under the cumulative ranking: 70% and 100%, respectively); low-level laser therapy for pain and mood (80% and 70%, respectively); and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for improving functional status and mood (80% and 70%, respectively). Conclusion: This review found low to moderate quality evidence that microcurrent, laser therapy, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are the most effective electrophysical agents for improving at least one outcome in fibromyalgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a multifaceted and incapacitating functional pain syndrome characterized by continuous, severe, widespread musculoskeletal pain. FMS is associated with other symptoms such as fatigue, nonrestorative sleep, cognitive/emotional dysfunction, and diminished health-related quality of life. The pathogenesis of FMS is still not fully understood, but an increasing amount of evidence supports the link between childhood/adulthood emotional, physical, sexual abuse or neglect and the development of FMS. Managing and treating FMS patients can be challenging because the syndrome is refractory to most treatments. However, psychological interventions, particularly hypnotherapy, have been shown to be effective in the cognitive modulation of fibromyalgic pain. FMS patients may benefit from hypnotherapy alone or in combination with standard medical therapy. Symptom-oriented hypnosis aims to reduce pain, fatigue, sleep problems, anxiety, and depression, while hypnotherapy focuses on resolving emotional conflicts and unresolved traumas associated with FMS. In conclusion, hypnosis may be a useful and safe adjunct tool for managing chronic pain and dysfunctional symptoms in challenging fibromyalgic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal condition characterised by reduced quality of life and severe limitations in daily living activities. Considering the wide spectrum of symptoms and the ineffectiveness of a single pharmacological approach, the latest clinical guidelines recommend non‐pharmacological therapies as both an alternative and a better‐tolerated approach. Several studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological therapies in the management of FM. Aims: Through a literature review, this paper aims to describe the different complementary therapies and investigate their potential sustainability and effectiveness on FM symptoms in the short and/or long term. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using broad search terms up to June 2022, to identify all types of study designs restricted to human subjects on non‐pharmacological therapies in FM. Results: Recent evidence demonstrated that physical activity is the mainstay of therapeutic management, highlighting the relevance of walking as the best method of exercise in FM patients. Nevertheless, adherence to physical activity remains fraught with obstacles that could be overcome with a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach involving a wide range of passive therapies. The effectiveness of passive non‐pharmacological therapies remains however unproven in the long term. They can be therefore suggested as 'adjunct' or 'bridge' therapy to improve adherence to physical activity. Conclusion: To conclude, FM management requires a multimodal and symptom‐based approach, guided by the predominant bothersome symptom on the one hand, and the preferences of each patient on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Fibromyalgia is a complex syndrome characterised by chronic widespread pain, postural problems, sleep disorders, fatigue and psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the effect of scapular stabilisation exercises on cervical posture and pain in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: The study included 59 patients between the ages of 18–60 years. Individuals were divided into two groups: the study group (n=29) and control group (n=30). Both groups underwent hot pack application, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasonography before the exercises. This application continued for a total of 6 weeks in both groups, 5 days a week. After this treatment, the control group was asked to perform conventional shoulder exercises and the scapular stabilisation group was asked to perform scapular stabilisation exercises. The patients were evaluated in terms of pain and cervical posture. Results: Pain levels significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment (P=0.019). A decrease in tragus-to-wall distance occurred in the conventional exercise group (P=0.005). Scapular stabilisation exercises were found to be more effective than conventional exercises In terms of pain (P<0.001) and cervical posture, (P=0.024). Conclusions: Both exercise programmes reduced pain levels in patients with fibromyalgia. However, scapular stabilisation exercises were more effective at both reducing pain and improving posture. Physiotherapists can use scapular stabilisation exercises to patients with fibromyalgia to reduce pain, improve posture and reduce the load on the joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome of chronic, generalized muscular pain, accompanied by sleep disturbances, fatigue and cardic autonomic dysfunction that will affect the quality of life. There is currently no gold standard treatment. There are limitations of studies with electroacupuncture in auricular acupuncture. Objectives: We evaluate the effects of systemic electroacupuncture (EA) with frequencies of 2/100 Hz associated of auricular acupuncture with a Nogier frequency (2.28, 4.56 and 9.12 Hz) for pain intensity, heart rate variability (HRV), and quality of life in fibromyalgia. Methods: Randomized clinical trial, a pilot study. Eighteen volunteers were randomized into a control group (CG, n = 9) and an experimental group (EG, n = 9). Six systemic EA sessions systemic and auricular were applied in the EG for 20 min, twice a week, for six weeks consecutive. The Numerical Pain Assessment Scale (NPRS), 2010 diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (FDC 2010), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and analysis of HRV were the instruments used. The independent t-test compared to the groups was applied. Results: There was no statistically significant difference for the primary outcome for NPRS (p > 0.05). In the secondary outcome there was a significant difference in the total score and in some FIQ domains (p = 0.008) and some variables such as pain (p = 0.02) and anxiety (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference for the FDC 2010 and HRV variables (p > 0.05). Conclusion: 2/100 Hz systemic EA associated with the Nogier frequency positively influenced some quality of life variables; however, pain intensity, diagnostic criteria, and HRV variables did not change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Non-inflammatory' pain, pain that is not associated with measures of inflammation, is common in patients with inflammatory arthritis including RA. One important cause of non-inflammatory pain is concomitant fibromyalgia. Systematic review has shown that fibromyalgia is common in inflammatory arthritis including RA affecting 1 in 5 patients and is associated with higher disease activity scores due to inflated tender joint count and patient global assessment. Consequently, many patients with RA and concomitant fibromyalgia may fail to reach treatment target and switch to alternate disease modifying drugs frequently. European Alliance of Association for Rheumatology has highlighted that concomitant fibromyalgia is an important consideration in assessing difficult-to-treat RA. The incidence and prevalence of fibromyalgia are higher in RA than the general population, raising the possibility that fibromyalgia may be 'secondary' to RA rather than a concomitant disease. The precise mechanisms whereby patients with RA develop fibromyalgia are unknown. In this review, we discussed fibromyalgia in RA, its clinical impact and epidemiology as well as data suggesting fibromyalgia might be 'secondary'. Lastly, we reviewed potential pathogenic mechanisms which included inflammatory cytokines sensitizing nociceptive neurones, temporal summation, also known as windup, from chronic pain and impaired coping from poor quality sleep and mental well-being. Deciphering the exact mechanisms may lead to treatment strategies that prevent development of secondary fibromyalgia and will address a common factor associated with difficult-to-treat RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain, mood, and sleep disturbance. Pharmacological treatments have modest efficacy and are associated with negative side effects, and alternative approaches are needed. Morning bright light treatment may assist in the management of fibromyalgia as it can reduce depressive symptoms, improve sleep, and advance circadian timing. Methods Sixty people with fibromyalgia (58 women, mean age 41.8 ± 13.3 years) were enrolled in a study comparing 4 weeks of a 1-hour daily morning bright light treatment (active treatment) to a morning dim light treatment (comparison treatment). Both light treatments included behavioral procedures to stabilize sleep timing. The morning bright light treatment was expected to produce larger improvements in pain and function than the dim light treatment and larger improvements in potential mediators (mood, sleep, and circadian timing). Results Both the bright and dim light treatment groups achieved significant but similar levels of improvement in pain intensity, pain interference, physical function, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. Overall, the sample on average displayed a clinically meaningful improvement in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised score (mean reduction of 11.2 points), comparable to that reported following physical exercise treatments. Minimal side effects were observed. Conclusions Findings indicate that the effects of a morning bright light treatment did not exceed those of a comparison dim light treatment; yet the changes on average in both conditions revealed clinically meaningful improvements. Future research is warranted to identify what elements of this trial may have contributed to the observed effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health Sciences Journal / Revista Ciências em Saúde is the property of Hospital de Clinicas de Itajuba - Associacao de Integracao Social de Itajuba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in TMD patients and the prevalence of TMDs in patients with FMS. Method: A systematic search was performed in electronic databases. Studies published in English examining the prevalence of comorbid TMDs and CWP/FMS were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality, and meta-analyses using defined diagnostic criteria were conducted to generate pooled prevalence estimates. Results: Nineteen studies of moderate to high quality met the selection criteria. Meta-analyses yielded a pooled prevalence rate (95% CI) for TMDs in FMS patients of 76.8% (69.5% to 83.3%). Myogenous TMDs were more prevalent in FMS patients (63.1%, 47.7% to 77.3%) than disc displacement disorders (24.2%, 19.4% to 39.5%), while a little over 40% of FMS patients had comorbid inflammatory degenerative TMDs (41.8%, 21.9% to 63.2%). Almost a third of individuals (32.7%, 4.5% to 71.0%) with TMDs had comorbid FMS, while estimates of comorbid CWP across studies ranged from 30% to 76%. Conclusions: Despite variable prevalence rates among the included studies, the present review suggests that TMDs and CWP/FMS frequently coexist, especially for individuals with painful myogenous TMDs. The clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic aspects of this association are important for tailoring appropriate treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing evidence to support the potential benefit of e-Health interventions targeting psychosocial outcomes and/or pain-related psychological variables for chronic pain conditions, including fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). This systematic review aims at providing an in-depth description of the available e-Health psychological and/or multicomponent interventions for patients with FMS. Searches were made in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PsycINFO up to 15 May 2023, finally including twenty-six articles. The quality of the included articles was medium–high (average quality assessment score of 77.1%). 50% of studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 13), and the majority of them focused exclusively on adult patients with FMS (n = 23) who were predominantly female. Four categories of e-Health modalities were identified: web-based (n = 19), mobile application (m-Health) (n = 3), virtual reality (VR) (n = 2), and video consulting (n = 2). Interventions were mainly based on the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approach (n = 14) and mostly involved contact with a healthcare professional through different digital tools. Overall, a growing number of psychological and multicomponent interventions have been created and delivered using digital tools in the context of FMS, showing their potentiality for improving psychosocial outcomes and pain-related psychological variables. However, some digital tools resulted as underrepresented, and the literature on this topic appears highly heterogeneous precluding robust conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: An estimated 5.5 million people in England have high‐impact chronic pain, which is severe pain associated with significant disability. Current models of healthcare often fail to address their broad range of symptoms and address their complex non‐medical needs. Methods: A pilot project was designed with the aim of improving the quality of care and addressing unmet needs of patients high‐impact musculoskeletal (MSK) pain through providing a personalised approach to their pain and wider psychosocial needs. The model comprised a longer initial appointment with a general practitioner, a later follow‐appointment, and support of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) (informally and through a formal MDT meeting) with both primary care clinicians and specialists based in secondary care. Results: Forty six patients were seen using this model, with prominent themes of consultations including self‐management, social needs, mental health and understanding their diagnosis. Evaluation of the pilot demonstrated improvements in MSK and non‐MSK symptoms, together with improved patient confidence in self‐management and knowledge and understanding of their condition. Multidisciplinary working proved to be invaluable in addressing patients' wider needs but also upskilling and supporting primary care clinicians. Primary care staff also found it to be a satisfying way to care for patients, and developed increasing skills and confidence in supporting patients with chronic pain. Conclusion: This model of care appears to be an effective way to help primary care teams to provide more holistic personalised care to a group of patients who are highly complex and so often forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Exercise is recommended as a main treatment in fibromyalgia. However, many people have limited exercise tolerance and report exacerbated pain and fatigue during and following a bout of exercise. This study examined the local and systemic changes in perceived pain and fatigue during exercise and through the 3-day recovery following isometric and concentric exercises in people with and without fibromyalgia. Methods Forty-seven participants with a physician diagnosis of fibromyalgia (44 women; mean age [SD] = 51.3 [12.3] years; mean body mass index [SD] = 30.2 [6.9]) and 47 controls (44 women; mean age [SD] = 52.5 [14.7] years; mean body mass index [SD] = 27.7 [5.6]) completed this prospective, observational cohort study. A bout of submaximal resistance exercise (isometric and concentric) was performed localized to the right elbow flexors on 2 separate days. Baseline attributes (pain, fatigue, physical function, physical activity, and body composition) were assessed prior to exercise. Primary outcomes were: change in perceived pain and fatigue (0 to 10 on the visual analog scale) in the exercising limb and whole body during recovery with movement (immediately, 1 day following exercise, and 3 days following exercise). Secondary outcomes were perceived pain and exertion during exercise performance and pain and fatigue at rest during recovery. Results Following a single bout of isometric or concentric exercise, there was increased perceived pain (η p 2 = 0.315) and fatigue (η p 2 = 0.426) in the exercising limb, which was greater in people with fibromyalgia (pain: η p 2 = 0.198; fatigue: η p 2 = 0.211). Clinically, relevant increases in pain and fatigue during exercise and through the 3-day recovery occurred in individuals with fibromyalgia only. Concentric contractions led to greater perceived pain, exertion, and fatigue during exercise compared with isometric exercise for both groups. Conclusions People with fibromyalgia experienced significant pain and fatigue in the exercising muscle during recovery from low-intensity and short-duration resistance exercise, with greater pain during concentric contractions. Impact These findings highlight a critical need to assess and manage pain and fatigue in the exercising muscles of people with fibromyalgia up to 3 days following a single bout of submaximal resistance exercise. Lay Summary If you have fibromyalgia, you might have significant pain and fatigue up to 3 days following an exercise bout, with the pain and fatigue localized to the exercising muscles and no changes in whole-body pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mindfulness Meditation is a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modality growing in popularity. Currently, mindfulness is under-studied regarding efficacy; however, it offers a potentially accessible way to contribute to symptom management in chronic pain conditions. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine the literature for the use of mindfulness as symptom management strategy for persons diagnosed with the chronic pain condition, fibromyalgia. Methods: Six scientific databases were searched, using various keywords. Inclusion criteria were: (a) fibromyalgia, (b) English language, (c) experimental research designs; (d) adults age ≥ 18 years, and (e) mindfulness. Results: Seven studies were reviewed. Most interventions were completed over several months in the form of multiple group sessions lasting several hours each. Evaluations of effectiveness varied by study, but variables most commonly demonstrating improvement from mindfulness were anxiety, depression, sleep-related symptoms, coping and perceived stress. Mechanisms by which these outcomes may have been mediated included increases in self-compassion and psychological flexibility. Discussion: There is insufficient evidence to recommend mindfulness as an effective way to manage all fibromyalgia symptoms; however, promise lies in its usefulness addressing mood- and sleep-related symptoms. We suggest that further, more rigorous, research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Fibromyalgia (FM) is manifested by chronic widespread pain syndrome, sleep disorders, fatigue and subjective cognitive impairment. There is a late diagnosis of FM in different countries; there is no data on the typical medical practice of managing patients with FM in our country. Aim. To analyse the previous typical practice of managing patients with FM. Materials and methods. Fifty three patients with FM (47 women and 6 men) were under observation; the average age was 46.814.6 years. The duration of FM symptoms (years), the intensity of pain syndrome according to a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), quality of life using The Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), emotional state according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and treatment were evaluated. Results. The duration of symptoms before the diagnosis of FM was 7.0 (2.015.0) years. The intensity of pain during the initial examination in patients with FM according to NRS 7.11.9 points, the effect on the quality of life of patients with FM according to FIQR 54.918.4 points. The majority of patients (85%) were not diagnosed with FM before hospitalization. There were no statistically significant differences in the intensity of pain (p=0.478), the level of quality of life (p=0.611), the level of anxiety (0.159) and depression (0.347) in the groups of patients who had or did not have a diagnosis of FM. Conclusion. FM is rarely diagnosed in our country, even in cases of diagnosis, patients in many cases do not receive effective treatment, which reflects the low awareness of doctors about modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of FM.

While it is known that fibromyalgia patients often suffer from depression and stress symptoms, there is inconclusive evidence as to why these symptoms occur. The aim of this study is to examine the role of emotion regulation in mental health symptoms among treatment-seeking individuals with fibromyalgia. Ninety-three (93) participants (mean age = 47.25, SD = 12.4) were recruited from one of Israel's largest community healthcare providers. They were administered self-report questionnaires assessing fibromyalgia (FIQR), perceived stress (PSS), major depression (PHQ-9), and difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS). Associations were found between measures of fibromyalgia symptoms, psychological distress, and emotion regulation. Several sub-indices of emotion regulation showed significant correlations with psychological distress, with non-acceptance of emotional responses showing the strongest associations. Moreover, non-acceptance of emotion responses mediated the association between fibromyalgia symptoms and psychological distress. Our findings show that the connection between fibromyalgia symptoms and psychological distress is partially explained by difficulties in emotion regulation. Moreover, we show that specific emotion regulation strategies play a differential role in fibromyalgia patients' distress, thereby highlighting the importance of identifying unique psychotherapeutic targets. Specifically, regulating emotions through acceptance of emotional responses seems to be particularly important for fibromyalgia patients, as they cope with stigma and a lack of validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the kinesiophobia levels in female patients with fibromyalgia (FMS). In addition, we intended to search the factors associated with kinesiophobia in patients with FMS and to evaluate the effect of kinesiophobia on work outcomes in this patient population. Materials and Methods: Between January 2021 and May 2021, 50 female patients with FMS and 44 female patients with musculoskeletal pain but not meeting the diagnostic criteria for FMS were included in the study. Pain was evaluated using the numeric scale, kinesiophobia levels with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the work outcomes with a questionnaire form prepared by us. Results: The median TSK scores were 41,50 (21-61) in the FMS group and 37 (23-61) in the control group. TSK score was significantly higher in the FMS group (p=0.030). Pain scores (p<0.001), and symptom duration (p<0.001) were significantly associated with high levels of kinesiophobia. When multiple linear regression analysis was performed, it was found that body mass index (p=0.411) was not associated with kinesiophobia levels, whereas age (p<0.001) was associated with kinesiophobia levels. Increased levels of kinesiophobia in patients with FMS patients have been associated with worse work outcomes. Conclusion: Evaluating the level of kinesiophobia in patients with FMS and developing preventive strategies in the presence of kinesiophobia can provide useful information when creating a treatment program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease that causes widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. There is still no effective definitive treatment method; therefore, the search for treatment continues. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of ozone therapy (OT), which has been used in FM treatment in recent years, as an additional treatment. METHODS: The patients were divided into OT (n = 26) and placebo control (PC) (n = 28) groups. Both groups received OT in the form of major autohemotherapy (MaAHT) and minor autohemotherapy (MiAHT) for two sessions per week for a total of 10 sessions. The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) were used for evaluation pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: In the between-group comparison, the OT group showed significant post-treatment improvements in FIQ subscales (feel good, fatigue) and PSQI total score and subscales (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and sleep disturbances) compared to the PC group (p < 0.05). Although there were improvements in the FIQ total score post-treatment in both groups, there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: OT, which is applied as an additional treatment with the autohemotherapy method, simultaneously improves the subscale scores (feel good and fatigue) of FM and sleep quality in the treatment period. However, changes in the post-treatment FIQ total score were not different in the ozone therapy group from the placebo control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue of the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis addresses the efficacy and feasibility of hypnosis interventions for several medical problems and issues. The lead article provides a narrative review of the efficacy of hypnosis interventions for Fibromyalgia. This is followed by a feasibility study of self-administered hypnosis for sleep disturbances in college students and an article on self-hypnosis for self-care in oncology patients. The effect of self-hypnosis on test anxiety is added in a study of secondary school students in Malaysia. These articles are complemented by a survey about hypnosis among students, therapists, and the general public in Poland. These are impactful topics that are addressed from an international perspective. The feasibility and potential efficacy of hypnosis interventions for a range of medical concerns are addressed as well as the impact of beliefs and attitudes about clinical hypnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complicated syndrome characterized by widespread chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and other complications. There is currently no specific treatment available. No comprehensive surveys have been published to summarize the mechanism of acupuncture in FM management. Although several studies have shown that acupuncture can benefit FM patients, their clinical findings are inconsistent. Here, we summarize the operation method of acupuncture for FM. For the first time, we conducted a comprehensive review of the mechanisms of acupuncture for FM, and integrated evidence-based scientific findings with the most comprehensive and updated literature. According to studies conducted using FM patients and animal models, acupuncture may improve symptoms in FM patients by regulating the afferent pain pathway and descending inhibitory pain pathways of various molecules, such as ASIC3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and TRPV1, as well as peripheral inflammation and the autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, we discussed the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of FM, and reviewed acupuncture-related clinical studies. This review fills a previously unknown gap in knowledge of the mechanism of acupuncture for FM. Although there is growing evidence that acupuncture may be a promising therapy for treating symptoms in FM patients, further investigation is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in neuropsychiatric disorders. Topics include aim of the guidelines is to provide expert guidance based on the available evidence and bring consistency in the clinical application of rTMS; and used in developing the CPGs, which were informed by an umbrella review of studies assessing the role of rTMS in various psychiatric disorders.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to detect the presence of Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) and related factors in patients diagnosed by Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). Materials and Methods: Demographic data and the features of CTS were noted by applying face-to-face questionnaire method. The existence of FMS in patients with CTS was investigated using the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Fibromyalgia Diagnostic criteria. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was introduced to patients diagnosed with FMS. Then, the correlations between the incidence of FMS in CTS patients, the presence of FMS and the hand with CTS, the severity of CTS and the existence of FMS were investigated. In addition, the relationship between the presence of FMS and the duration of CTS symptoms, and the severity of CTS and FIQ were also examined. Results: 151 patients included in the study. Bilateral CTS was detected in 89 (58.9%) patients. In patients with bilateral CTS, severity was classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the worse hand. CTS was mild in 55 (36.4%), moderate in 87 (57.6%), and severe in 9 (6.0%) patients. Concomitant FMS was detected in 73 (48.3%) of all CTS patients. FMS rate is higher in patients with bilateral CTS (p=0.001). No significant relevance was observed between the severity of CTS and the presence of FMS (p = 0.864). The median duration of CTS symptoms with FMS patients was 24 (1-240) months; this period was found to be 12 (1-120) months in those without FMS. No significant relations between the presence of FMS and the duration of CTS symptoms were encountered (p = 0.073). The severity of CTS and FIQ demonstrated no significant difference (p=0.955). Conclusion: The case of FMS is high in specially bilaterally CTS patients. The fact that there may be common points in the pathogenesis of these two diseases suggests that it should be considered for diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central sensitization syndromes (CSS) refer to a group of conditions caused by disregulation of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to sensitization of multiple systems of the body. Symptoms typically include pain, inflammation, rashes, brain fog, fatigue, depression, anxiety, hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli, muscle stiffness, dizziness and heart arrhythmia. To date, there is no known treatment to ameliorate symptoms of central sensitization. This experimental group consisted of five volunteers unable to work or pursue careers due to debilitating symptoms. The group was structured in three phases, each phase consisting of eight weekly topics presented via remote video; meetings comprised psychoeducational discussion, and CBT and neuroplasticity based exercises. Participants completed the Brief Pain Inventory, the Illness Perception Questionnaire and the CSS Inventory at onset, six months, 12 months and six months post-group. Results showed that volunteers who were able to engage with all homework activities had improved in physical stamina, energy levels, anxiety, and hypersensitivity. At 8 months 75% of volunteers had resumed physical activities such as hiking, yoga and pilates. Data at six month post-group showed some slight decline, but all participants maintained higher levels of improvement than at baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The major target of this research is to examine whether there is any connection between the levels of vitamin D and anti-inflammatory mediators in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Materials and Methods: The study contains 30 FMS diagnosed and 25 healthy female individuals and the determination of FMS was made according to the standards of 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) levels, and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β) levels in the serum of patients with FMS and healthy individuals were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The concentrations of vitamin D, VDR, and VDBP were determined to be higher in healthy controls than in patients with FMS (p<0.001). Correlating with this, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β levels were measured remarkably higher in the healthy group than in the FMS patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels may cause a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and their immunosuppressive effect in FMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Globally, 20–25% of people will experience chronic pain in their lifetimes. Dance is a physical activity with psychosocial benefits that might positively impact pain. This review aimed to investigate the effect of dance interventions on the experience of pain by quantitative measures and qualitative themes. Methods Seven major databases were searched from inception to January 2021. Two independent reviewers screened articles at each stage. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included if the dance interventions lasted more than 6 weeks, participants reported pain of duration longer than 3 months, and pain was an outcome of the study. All articles were critically appraised with appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and data were collated through the use of results-based convergent synthesis. Results From 23,628 articles, 34 full papers were included, with a total of 1,254 participants (75.2% female). Studies predominantly investigated individuals with fibromyalgia (26%) and generalized chronic pain (14%), with aerobic dance (20.7%) and Biodanza (20.7%) being the most common dance genres investigated. Overall, 74% of studies noted either reduced pain through quantitative pain measures or qualitative themes of improved pain experience (88% for chronic primary pain and 80% for chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain). Discussion There were positive effects of dance on chronic primary and secondary musculoskeletal pain across diverse populations. A variety of study designs and interventions noted improved pain measures and themes around pain coping and acceptance, with all dance therapies showing improvements, particularly when performed for 60–150 minutes' duration weekly. Dance should be considered as an effective adjunct in the management of chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined women's perceptions of the impact of FM on a broad range of aspects of their sexual well-being as well as on their romantic and sexual relationship. Participants were 16 women diagnosed with FM currently in a romantic relationship living in North America who participated in a semi-structured interview. Inductive thematic analysis identified four themes: (1) Do I want to have sex? That's a complicated question; (2) The impact of FM on women's sexual well-being is not uniform; (3) It's about more than sex and more than just me; (4) Elements that ameliorate or exacerbate the effect of FM's on SWB. Together, these results point to the variability and complexity of the effects of FM on women's sexual well-being. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of assessing and addressing a wide range of aspects of the SWB of women with FM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia is a functional pain syndrome manifested by psychological symptoms such as dissociative symptoms, which are closely related to childhood trauma. The purpose of this research was to compare female fibromyalgia patients and healthy females and to investigate the prevalence of childhood trauma and dissociative symptoms. The study included 51 patients followed up with the diagnosis of fibromyalgia in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic of Bezmialem Vakıf University, and a control group of 51 healthy females with identical sociodemographic characteristics. All the participants were aged 18-69 years, and free of pain conditions and other vital medical or psychiatric disorders. Evaluations were made using a sociodemographic form, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Childhood Abuse and Neglect Question Form, Dissociative Experiences Scale and Visual Analogue Scale. One of the main findings was that 88.2% of fibromyalgia patients had experienced childhood trauma. The fibromyalgia patients stated a higher prevalence of childhood trauma than the control group (p=.05). With the exception of emotional neglect, the fibromyalgia patients scored higher than the control group in the other four sub-dimensions of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The Visual Analogue Scale pain score was found to be associated with overall childhood trauma, all sub-dimensions of childhood trauma and dissociative experiences. Dissociative experiences was the only predictor of pain. Based on the findings of this study, trauma-related dissociative experiences may be of critical importance in the onset of fibromyalgia. These findings emphasize the importance of preventing childhood traumas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology (CTJPP) / Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi is the property of Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology (CTJPP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)