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Hermann Oppenheim (1858–1919) was a German neurologist without an academic career, who in his productive period around 1900 made a name for himself during his lifetime as a major player in the history of German neurology with his many contributions to multiple sclerosis, syphilis and the controversial study of traumatic neurosis; however, it is almost unknown that in 1890 he introduced the term "witzelsucht", which is still used internationally today. Moritz Jastrowitz dealt with behavioral abnormalities due to frontal brain injuries 1 year earlier and used the term "moria" for a form of mental disorder associated with a kind of childish behavior and inappropriate jocularity. Oppenheim was critical of this and differentiated his "witzelsucht" from this. With this term he wanted to describe humoristic feeble-mindedness in a much narrower sense, which stands in striking contrast to the usual symptoms in cases of cerebral tumors. Oppenheim recognized the frontal brain, particularly the right brain, to be an important functional unit for humorous behavior. Modern research has confirmed that the processing of humor requires a complex interaction of multiple brain regions. Damage to the right frontal lobe or to connecting structures can lead to the disorder "witzelsucht". Whether a simultaneous damage to the left hemisphere must be present or if this is dependent on the individual dominant hemisphere, needs further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem of the study is examining mental health issues of war veterans. According to U.S. Department of veterans affairs, National Centers for PTSD, this problem is slightly more common among Veterans than civilians. At some point in their life, 7 out of every 100 Veterans (or 7%) will have PTSD. In the general population, 6 out of every 100 adults (or 6%) will have PTSD in their lifetime. PTSD is also more common among female Veterans (13 out of 100, or 13%) versus male Veterans (6 out of 100, or 6%). The study of post-traumatic stress disorder has always been a matter of controversy. Many suspected an organic cause. Other researchers questioned the authenticity of the symptoms and suggested that simulation or the search for compensation (compensation neurosis) was the cause in many cases. As a result, for some time, such an idea prevailed that the traumatic event is the cause, and only people with an emotionally unstable personality type, premorbid neurotic conflict and mental illness can develop persis tent symptoms. However, the presence of long-term psychological problems in many people who were war participants, victims of aggression, torture, and rape changed these views over time. Today, it is accepted that a psychotraumatic event is the main cause of PTSD. Researchers have found that even psychologically healthy individuals will develop symptoms consistent with PTSD when faced with dire, catastrophic stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy may be associated with automatisms that are classed as 'insane 'as they are deemed to have originated within the mind. 'Sane automatism' is said to occur from external factors, such as physical trauma, while 'insane automatism' is said to be innate to the individual experiencing them. To claim automatism within the context of a criminal matter requires a detailed evaluation of the behavior demonstrated and a questioning of the volitional and purposeful nature of this behavior. It is insufficient to rely upon past behavior in association with these seizures to justify the defense of automatism within a specific event. Epilepsy is often considered to be associated with an increase in violence. Proper epidemiological research, both in long‐term, large population control studies and hospital‐based studies, has suggested that epilepsy, per se, is not associated with an increase in violence when compared to the population at large and controlled for other familial and environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has spread, in both the number of publications and professionals who use this technique in the clinical setting. The objective of this meta-analysis was to verify the efficacy of EMDR in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Method: Based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 18 articles were selected (n = 1213 subjects), published between 1991-2022. Results: The effect sizes found in the meta-analysis were small in the reduction of symptoms associated with PTSD, anxiety and depression, both in post-treatment and in maintenance. The analysis of the moderating variables revealed that both intervention time, the number and duration of the sessions, the experience of the therapist, and the type of therapist in charge of the intervention play an important role in the size of the final effect. No statistically significant data were found in the meta-regression analysis. Conclusions: Although the study had restrictive criteria for study selection, there is a certain risk of bias in the selected articles, which lack sufficient methodological quality to be extrapolated to the clinical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of a patient admitted for management of posttraumatic status epilepticus, associated with shock and respiratory failure. After conditioning and initial management, transthoracic echocardiography showed a tamponnade effect with compression of the right cavities. The thoracic CT scan revealed an emphysematous right lung, with a large basithoracic bulla on the right completely crushing the cardiac chambers. Thoracic drainage improved the patient both clinically and radiologically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Theorists and a few empirical studies have suggested that traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complex PTSD (CPTSD) may affect identity development. However, existing studies have overlooked how adolescents' traumas are associated with the alignment of their identity with socio‐cultural expectations, which is a crucial component of identity development. To address this gap, this study examined the associations of various types of potentially traumatic experiences and PTSD and CPTSD symptoms with the positive and negative valences of identity affected by desirable and undesirable images within socio‐cultural contexts. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of 341 adolescents (44.0% girls; Mage = 14.8, SD = 1.8) was conducted in Japan. Results: Exposure to certain types of potentially traumatic events (e.g., family violence and physical attack) were related to high levels of negative identity elements, whereas none of the types were related to positive identity elements. The results also indicated that CPTSD‐specific symptoms of disturbances in self‐organization (DSO) were related to high levels of negative identity elements rather than PTSD. Conclusions: The findings expand upon related research by suggesting that adolescents' exposure to some types of traumatic events (e.g., family violence and physical attack) and posttraumatic DSO symptoms have the potential to disturb the alignment of their identities with socio‐cultural expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aggressive personality is a distorted personality with dark traits such as arrogance, a sense of power over others, and exploitation. As per Karen Horney's theory of neurosis, all these traits make an individual, psychologically, neurotic, who is willing to go against other people in society. In this paper, drawing upon Horney's theory, I study the aggressive personality of Simon in James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man from three aspects of frustrated selfishness, sense of dominance, and search for respect to make known his neurotic needs for power, admiration, prestige, exploitation and achievement and demonstrate that offensive conducts of Simon make him more insecure and leave him more aggressive toward everybody at home and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of two recent books that evaluate Freud's adamant defense of his Oedipal theory and its effects on modern family life are distilled. Logical reconstruction reveals four pivotal arguments Freud presents in the Little Hans case history to support Oedipal theory. Each argument is brilliant in logic but unsound when compared to the case evidence. Lacking confirmation, Oedipal theory remains an ad hoc attempt to save Freud's sexual theory of the neuroses after the failure of the seduction theory. Regarding the theory's effects, its acceptance changed family power relations in Hans's family and modern families by creating a sense of danger in mother/son physical affection. This led to reduced parent/child physical affection and separation of young children from parents especially at bedtime. The child's "suspect bed" of the anti-masturbation campaign is thus exchanged for the parents' "protected bed," serving the new marital ideal of sexual and emotional satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's social care (CSC) involvement during pregnancy and the first two years of a child's life - the period known as the '1001 critical days' - can have a significant impact on the mental health and wellbeing of both mothers and infants. By putting bonding and attachment between mothers and their babies at risk, this can pose long-term implications for children's emotional and psychological development. Drawing on findings from Birth Companions' recent projects with women with lived experience of CSC involvement, this article offers insight into the mental health impacts of assessment and/or care proceedings during the first 1001 days. The article also outlines key principles for all those working with women in these circumstances, published in the form of the Birth Companions Birth Charter for women with involvement from children's social care (2023c). This aims to embed improved practice across all systems and services working with women with CSC involvement. Key recommendations focus on the significance of trauma-informed care for women, and the centralisation of pregnancy and early motherhood in multi-agency practice. Birth Companions is calling for this to be driven forward in the form of a joint national health and social care pathway for pregnant women and mothers of infants who are subject to pre-birth or parenting assessment, or child protection proceedings, to guide the care and support they receive up to their child's second birthday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Psychologically Informed Partnership Approach (PIPA) is a partnership between North Yorkshire Council (NYC) and Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust (TEWV). PIPA aims to provide a flexible, psychological and trauma-informed service to meet a wide range of needs of vulnerable children across Children and Families Services (C&FS) within North Yorkshire. PIPA consists of Clinical and Forensic Psychologists, and Advanced Practitioners working across NYC. The service considers the individual needs, complexities and experiences of children, young people, family members and practitioners, whilst also holding in mind broader systemic and organisational perspectives. This paper outlines how PIPA applies a range of models and frameworks to support innovative, non-blaming approaches with children, young people and their families, and the outcome of this approach thus far. A variety of measures are used to evaluate how PIPA involvement has influenced a range of outcomes for children, young people and families, as seen in the Outcomes and Feedback section. Two case studies are also included to demonstrate how this approach works in practise. The paper concludes with reflections on our learning and recommendations for similar practices to be embedded across other children and families' services in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of some of the psychologically informed practice of supporting young people, their families and the people supporting them within Children and Young People's Services (CYPS) in Suffolk County Council (SCC). The overview outlines the approach and experiences of the Psychology Support Service (PSS; formerly known as Suffolk Family Focus Psychology Service). The PSS enables practitioners and managers across CYPS to access specialist psychological support to enable practitioners to support children, young people, and families with a range of needs. The PSS works closely with stakeholders including frontline practitioners, managers, and workforce development. The article, therefore, also includes reflections from practice management (Early Help) and workforce development management about psychological and trauma informed practice within CYPS. It is clear from the evidence, and from our own work within PSS, that working in a psychologically and trauma-informed way is important to meet the needs of vulnerable children and young people and those who are supporting them. The Psychology Support Service: Who we are, Why we do it and What we do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotherham Edge of Care Team has embedded formulation meetings into their clinical practice. This article reflects on the processes within these meetings, and the impact formulation meetings have on social care systems and the families they support. Key themes appearing to arise from formulation meetings are vicarious trauma, partnership working and transgenerational stories of trauma. Formulation meetings appear to offer a safe space for professionals, providing support for the system to slow down and reconnect with the overall family system. This in turn helps reframe the difficulties shared in the formulation meetings and further understanding of the family's narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I am joined by an adoptive family to explore the Dyadic Developmental Practice (DDP) model. DDP was originally developed by US clinical psychologist, Dan Hughes as an intervention for children living away from their birth family. This model encompasses therapy, parenting, and practitioner support. The same DDP principles of open and engaged emotional connection, PACE, co-regulation, and co-creation of narrative, guide all DDP interventions. These allow everyone to slow down and seek understanding. This increases safety and reduces the risk of blaming or judging the family. The DDP principles, support the child to feel safe enough to move out of blocked trust, to build relationships, to develop an integrated sense of self and a coherent autobiographical narrative. DDP is developing from its strong foundation in Western psychological models, including attachment theory, intersubjectivity and neuroscience, to also learn from and adapt for families with different heritage, identity, and experience. As the family testify, the experience of DDP is scary, amazing, transformative, and challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Team formulation can provide opportunities for integrating interprofessional perspectives, leading to a rich consensus of how to support someone. Such an approach can be particularly important when working in complex environments, where it is essential that a range of professional perspectives inform a trans-professional approach to care. Youth Forensic Services are one such setting, supporting young people who face intersectional vulnerabilities and have often experienced multi-type traumas. A trauma-informed approach to team formulation facilitates a compassionate perspective to inform decision-making and care planning, encapsulating an understanding of how a young person's past experiences of trauma may be influencing how they interact with their environment and in relationships in the here-and-now. Additionally, some therapeutic modalities may feature more dominantly within traumainformed formulation, which may reinforce a greater theoretical basis to the formulation process, offering further opportunities for tailored, evidence-based, person-centred care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children and young people may enter a hospital system for a number of reasons including for a diagnosis of a long term, lifelimiting or life-threatening condition, a change in health status or a hospital admission for medical management of a mental health condition. All of which can be conceived of as potential traumatic stressors. For parents and families the subsequent medical investigations and treatments themselves can be traumatic to witness in a loved-one, often accompanied with a high sense of threat, and a low sense of self-efficacy and control, with outcomes often uncertain. Children, young people and families who come to the hospital come with a full range of histories and experiences, from all walks of life and all kinds of cultural backgrounds, that can impact on their ability to trust healthcare staff or to cope with the feelings evoked in this setting. Similarly, hospital staff come to their chosen careers with a range of experiences that can lead to intense emotional responses, are impacted by repeated exposure to traumatic events, and by vicarious trauma from witnessing the trauma of children, young people and families. As well as working directly with children, young people and families, a key role of the psychologist in the paediatric setting is to help contain this anxiety by helping them and staff make sense of and respond to the challenges they face, through sharing a psychological formulation, collaboration, teaching and contributing to the development of policies and procedures that enable the system to prevent, identify and respond effectively to trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees and migrants are at risk of poor mental health because of their traumatic or stressful experiences. Many of them experience feelings of anxiety, hopelessness, sadness, difficulty sleeping, fatigue, anger and irritability. They are at higher risk of mental health problems such as depression and anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, many refugees and migrants lack access to dedicated mental health services or experience barriers in accessing them. This leaves even a larger impact on children, young people and families. My lived experiences as a refugee and someone who sought help for my PTSD along with understanding the challenges of other traumatised people in accessing dedicated mental health services, have shaped the development of an innovative mental health initiative, Arian Wellbeing, which brings together a team of highly qualified psychologists, registered therapists, personal trainers and motivated professionals with a vision to make access to trauma-informed and culturally sensitive mental health services available to everyone including hard to reach populations, such as refugees and migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Due to decades of prolonged combat operations, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is widely discussed and generally well conceptualized. The objective of this study was to determine if an educational program on the signs and symptoms of PTSD and an explanation of the current treatments utilized by the Veterans Administration is effective in increasing the knowledge levels of women service members and veterans, leading to seeking treatment. Materials and Methods The design of this study was a quantitative pretest/posttest interventional study. The educational program was conducted at a Senior Citizen Center. The population was a purposive sample of 44 women service members and veterans from a military base in New Jersey. A 25-item PTSD Knowledge Questionnaire developed for the earlier Web-Based Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Education for Military Family Members (2012) study was used as the pretest and posttest. Results The knowledge level of PTSD among women service members and veterans who participated in this study was significantly higher after completing the educational program with 43% indicating that they would seek mental health care. Conclusions Women service members and veterans were ill-informed on the signs, symptoms, and treatment options of PTSD. If the results of this survey are an indicator of the knowledge level of women service members in broader populations, there is a need to restructure how those who are at risk of developing PTSD are educated. Through better educational programs, women and men could seek care with increasingly favorable long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Especially impressive is the demonstration of Freud's relentless de-legitimization of Ferenczi's commitment to psychoanalysis as a "process of healing" in response to Ferenczi's attempts at illustrating his new views. Indeed, from the very beginning I mutuality i was the kind of relationship that Ferenczi wanted to have with Freud, only to stumble on Freud's adamantine defensiveness against his own vulnerability. Peter Rudnytsky is an experienced and well-known historian of psychoanalysis who has authored many brilliant collections of essays, among them I The Psychoanalytic Vocation: Rank, Winnicott, and the Legacy of Freud i ([5]), I Reading Psychoanalysis: Freud, Rank, Ferenczi, Groddeck i ([6]), I Rescuing Psychoanalysis from Freud and Other Essays in Re-Vision i ([7]). Similarly, countertransference would remain a thorn in Freud's side, just like Ferenczi himself who, in my view, operated within Freud's psyche as a constant reminder of his failure. [Extracted from the article]

Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Google Preview WorldCat COPAC 23 Sheringham Michael. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Google Preview WorldCat COPAC 7 Derrida Jacques. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Google Preview WorldCat COPAC 27 Voss Paul J., Werner Marta L. "Towards a Poetics of the Archive: Introduction." Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Google Preview WorldCat COPAC 11 Garrard Greg. [Extracted from the article]

The complex structure and characterization of James Joyce's Finnegans Wake present a normless environment for its female characters, specifically Anna Livia Plurabelle (ALP). This paper explores ALP's normlessness in her social interactions using Karen Horney's theory of neurosis as a methodological device to reveal ALP's detached personality. Horney considers normlessness a trend of "Moving Away from People," also known as a detached personality. According to Horney, "self-sufficiency," "perfection," and "narrow limits in life" are the three neurotic factors that produce a detached personality, all of which are apparent in ALP's personality. In this novel, ALP is portrayed as neurotic to demonstrate her dependence on men and how she coopts male power in favor of her needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Übergangsräume: Deutsche Lazarette im Ersten Weltkrieg" by Alina Enzensberger is a comprehensive exploration of German hospitals on the home front during World War I. Enzensberger examines the multidimensional role of these hospitals as spaces that both divided and united the battle front and home front, military and civilian worlds. The book delves into the experiences of various individuals, including sick and wounded soldiers, medical professionals, military officials, and family members. Enzensberger's research is extensive, drawing from numerous archives and a wide range of primary and secondary sources. This book offers a unique perspective on the war and is a valuable contribution to the understanding of the soldiers' experiences. [Extracted from the article]

Freud, even in the passage from trauma theory to the hypothesis of mere subjective interpretation of trauma, always maintained the idea of the traumatic origin of neuroses. Hence the importance of trauma, a concept that according to Howard Levine (2021) needs greater theoretical consistency and agreement with the psychoanalytic community. Such need, which is both clinical and theoretical, goes from a new attention to the symbolic register to the texture of language and to the painful words that gave birth to the subject. Beyond the sterile contrapositions between real trauma and fantasized trauma, or between body, affects and words, a trauma is characterized by its destructive effects on the symbolic register. The return of childhood trauma in the form of current events refers to the inadequate symbolic transformation of the traumatic event. Clinical work, wherever possible, must therefore focus on words, albeit full of affects, so that old traumatic events cease to repeat themselves and become definitively the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to offer both an interpretation and a critique of the epistemological foundations underlying one of the most recent approaches to trauma studies: cultural trauma theory. After the First World War, the founding father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, inquired into whether his diagnostic of "traumatic neurosis" could shed light on how collectives deal with unsettling experiences and memories. Throughout the intervening decades, Freud´s insights into collective trauma have attracted the interest of scholars from various disciplines within the humanities and social sciences, from literary studies to historiography, memory studies, and, finally – the focus of this paper – cultural and social theory. By underlining the ways in which the proponents of cultural trauma theory – Jeffrey Alexander, Neil Smelzer, Piotr Sztompka, Bernhard Giesen, and Ron Eyerman – have reframed Freudian ideas regarding the transmission of legacies of collective suffering, the paper considers whether the notion of trauma can be extended to the analysis of cultures and societies. It explores the ambivalent relationship between psychoanalysis and contemporary cultural trauma theory to disclose the theoretical assumptions and weaknesses of the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral traumatic neuromas (TrNs) are relatively rare lesions and they originate from a damaged nerve. They present a diagnostic challenge, due to the complex clinical features that may mimic odontogenic, musculoskeletal, and other neuropathic pain conditions. We describe an interesting and challenging case of painful bilateral intraoral lesions in a 56-year-old South Indian female patient who presented with clinical features consistent with TrN lesions bilaterally, in relation to different branches of the trigeminal nerve. The patient had undergone numerous aggressive dental treatments and interventions over the past three decades, with little or no pain relief. Topical treatment with lidocaine gel utilizing a custom-made neurosensory stent rendered the patient significant and sustained pain relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the combat stress and trauma experienced by Confederate soldiers during the U.S. Civil War. Emphasis is given to the role of religion as a means of self-therapy. Other topics include symptoms of insanity and mental illness in combat veterans, institutionalization in asylums such as Milledgeville Insane Asylum in Georgia, and the development of the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

For more than 150 years, traumatic stress has been a recurrent topic of medical and psychological studies, in which war-related experiences remain to be addressed. Although veterans have been considered a high-risk group for the development of stress-related diseases, the impact of aging on the trauma process is an unexplored field. This study aimed to analyze the aging-related factors that may influence the emergence of traumatic stress symptoms in war veterans. The clinical data of 29 ColonialWar Portuguese veterans were verified in order to identify the main diagnoses, and the frequency of health service use. Through thematic analysis of the transcripts of 10 interviews with veterans diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the main symptoms and factors that led them to mental health services were identified. In addition, a literature review on mental health and psychological trauma was conducted to provide an overview of the knowledge on this topic. Aging seems to be an opportunity to face conflicts which have been kept hidden throughout veterans' lives. Social stigmatization and the non-recognition of traumatic stress as a disease influenced the Portuguese veterans' silence, which could be broken with the aging process. Retirement, physical illness, death of close friends or family members, and loss of autonomy may contribute to the onset of trauma-related symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Physical restraints are used liberally in some intensive care units (ICUs) to prevent patient harm from device removal or falls. Although the intention of restraint use is patient safety, their application may inadvertently cause physical or psychological harm. Physical restraints may contribute to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but there is a paucity of supportive data.Objectives: To investigate the association between physical restraint use and PTSD symptoms in ICU survivors. Secondary objectives were to examine the cognitive and physical outcomes associated with physical restraint use and to assess interventions that may be effective in reducing restraint use.Methods: A systematic review of English language studies in PubMed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL between January 1, 1990, to February 8, 2020 was performed. Observational or randomized studies that reported on restraint use and associated outcomes, or interventions to reduce restraint use, in critically ill adult patients were identified. Two independent reviewers completed the review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Results: We identified 794 articles, of which 37 met inclusion criteria and were included. Thirty of these studies related to patient outcomes including PTSD, delirium, mechanical ventilation hours, and physical injury. Seven related to interventions to reduce physical restraint use. The quality of studies was not high; only four of the included studies were assessed to have a low risk of bias. Three studies found a significant relationship between restraint use and PTSD, but their results could not be pooled for analysis. Pooled data indicated a significant association between physical restraint use and delirium (odds ratio [OR], 11.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.66-20.01; P < 0.001) and duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference in days, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.95-4.75; P < 0.001). We also found that interventions, such as nursing education, may effectively reduce restraint use by approximately 50% (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32-0.73; P < 0.001). The impact that a reduction in restraint use may have on associated outcomes was not examined.Conclusions: Physical restraint use may be associated with PTSD in ICU survivors and is associated with delirium and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Nurse education is likely effective in reducing rates of physical restraint among ICU patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the Freudian approach applied in depicting the events ensuing in a family after a tragic accident – and the related psychoanalysis case, determined by a case of traumatic neurosis – as illustrated in Robert Redford’s movie Ordinary People. The elder son in the family dies in a boat accident, while his brother survives, unable to save him. Ridden with unconscious guilt, the brother tries to commit suicide. Later, he eventually starts an analysis that will bring to the surface his interpretation of the accident, unknown to himself, as the actual traumatic event. The emphasis is placed on a suggestion-free direction of the cure, as promoted by both Freud and Lacan, where the analyz and finds his own words and brings the trauma to memory, moving from a traumatic and compulsory reliving in the present to a remembering of something in the past which liberates the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I paraphrased this title in my "Reading Winnicott into I Nano-Psychoanalysis i " (Eshel 2013b), and applied it to Winnicott and to psychoanalysis as an invitation to enter and develop a new field of psychoanalysis. Volume 4 of Winnicott's collected works (1952-1955) covers the period in his writing in which he developed, presented, struggled with, and even pleaded for a true understanding of his unique way of thinking about the psychoanalytic study of psychosis and early psychic development, and the closely related crucial issue of regression in analytic work. In effect, over the years Winnicott explored, described, and struggled, theoretically and clinically, with "any degree" of regression to dependence, especially in the treatment of severely disturbed patients and also in difficult treatment situations with neurotic patients (1949a,b, 1954a,b, 1955-1956, 1963, 1964, 1967, 1988a,b; see also Little 1985). [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the compensability of mental stress-related mental disability under the worker's compensation laws in the U.S. Topics discussed include the diagnosis and treatment of mental injuries under workers' compensation programs, the traumatic neuroses which may have originated from mental stress according to physician Henry H. Kessler, and the National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) study which focused on the development of anxiety in white-collar workers.

Lacan's views on anxiety are based on Freud's work titled 'Inhibitions, Symptom and Anxiety'. This article is based on Lacan's tenth seminar known as 'Anxiety'. It explores the commonalities and contrasts between Freud and Lacan's views on anxiety. Lacan diverges from Freud by arguing that anxiety is linked to the lack of lack. In this article, anxiety is explained through the relationship between desire and jouissance during subject formation process. Freud argues that the reason behind anxiety is the fear of castration. In contrast, Lacan argues that the reason behind anxiety is a fear that one is unable to be castrated, and the consequent risk of being devoured by the mother. Anxiety is directly linked to the Other's desire. The subject, when he is unaware of how he is being perceived by the Other's gaze, asks the question of 'What does Other want from me?', which triggers anxiety. Lacan, by claiming that 'Anxiety is not without an object', explains that the object of anxiety is object petit a. Object petit a consists of both the object of anxiety, and the object cause of desire. In this article, the relationship between object petit a and anxiety is explored. In addition, the protective nature of phobia, fetishism, acting out and passage to act are investigated which are thought to be protective mechanisms against anxiety. In that sense, the current article explores how anxiety is triggered within and across Lacan's three clinical structures (neurosis, psychosis and perversion). The protective mechanisms used by the structures to tackle anxiety have been analysed, drawing on clinical case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the accidental impression of a photograph from Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida on a negative left (forgotten) inside the book, this article dwells on the idea of 'latency' in photographic and psychological writings. Taking Barthes's image analysis as a starting point we show how it was influenced by Freud's notion of 'differed action' and traumatic memory. As a 'state of the art' imaging technique photography informed early scientific research on memory and perception; Freud used the photographic metaphor to represent the unconscious. Nevertheless, Barthes took up the idea of latent image and developed it into a narrative technique for rendering the subjective and traumatic substrate of photographic perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article report on the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions imposed to contain it have in many ways adversely affected our daily functioning, with self-isolation and lockdown having a particularly damaging effect on mental health. It mentions that clinical work with several patients from the former Yugoslavia in whom the pandemic caused a re-traumatization of the war experience, and aim is to show the similarities and differences between wars and pandemics in terms of the way.

The introduction of railway transportation in Great Britain in the early-nineteenth century saw an increased frequency of trauma cases involving persisting symptoms without objective evidence of injury. In 1866, a prominent surgeon, Sir John Eric Erichsen, attributed such symptoms to concussion of the spine (popularized as "railway spine") that involved an organic pathology, inflammation of the spinal cord in the absence of spinal fracture, with potential psychological overlay. This was widely accepted within the medico-legal context throughout the 1870s, whereby passengers sought compensation for collision-related injuries. In 1883, a railway surgeon named Herbert William Page countered the assertion that many of Erichsen's cases likely had sustained direct physical injury to the spine, the cord, and/or the spinal nerves; and in cases without such injury, the symptoms were psychogenic, as in traumatic neurasthenia and/or hysteria. Similarities between Erichsen's and Page's medico-legal positions, such as conscious and unconscious forms of symptom exaggeration that would both resolve upon settlement of the case, ushered in the era of medical injury compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Concussion is a clinical syndrome of biomechanically induced alteration in brain function. The historical derivation of current operational definitions of uncomplicated concussive brain injury based on acute injury variables especially posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) vs. symptom presence (no PTA) are reviewed. Methods: Major milestones from 150 plus years of concussion research include (a) railway spine; (b) traumatic neurosis; (c) duration of loss of consciousness predicting severity of brain injury; (d) early neuropsychological studies; (e) sport related concussion; and (f) chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Results: After initial organic explanations proved untenable, 19th century conceptions of concussion were operationally defined from symptom presence, attributed primarily to psychogenic (emotional, motivational, and/or predispositional) causes. In the 1930s, duration of PTA was linked to brain injury severity via outcome studies. Concussion (as defined by PTA < 1 h) was later found to cause a transient lowering of neuropsychological test scores in memory and executive function. In the 1990s, organizational definitions of sport-related concussion began to include biomechanical events without PTA that produced symptoms. Such events have not been linked to neuropsychological impairment. Conclusions: Two differing operational definitions of concussion are in the current use, involving the presence vs. absence of PTA. These two groupings are not clinically similar, although they are currently being widely treated as such. Operational definitions of concussion should address both minimum and maximums for duration of PTA, initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, complications, and symptom presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]