Search

In 2021, the collaborative exploration was delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic and was then carried out only by the Vietnamese scientists from January 7 to 16, 2022, in the Central Highland of Vietnam. The exploration was conducted in three districts of Kon Tum province: Dak Glei, Sa Thay, and Kon Plong. A total of 77 samples were collected, including 20 accessions of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum sp.), 25 of eggplant (Solanum melongena, Solanum torvum, and Solanum sp.), 15 of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), 1 of amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), four of white gourd (Benincasa hispida), three of mustard (Brassica juncea), one of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), two of melon (Cucumis melo), 2 of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), 1 of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv-gr. Unguiculata) and 3 of yard-long bean (Vigna unguiculata cv-gr. Sesquipedalis). The collected samples were divided into two sets for both the PRC and NARO sides to implement in-depth and detailed research of descriptions, assessments of agro-biological features, and markers of genetic diversity., 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）とベトナム植物遺伝資源センター（PRC）は，ベトナム国内 における野菜類を中心とした遺伝資源を探索するため，PGRAsia（Plant Genetic Resources in Asia）プロジェク トのもと，2014 年から共同研究を実施している．本プロジェクトの一環として，2014 年から 2019年にかけてベトナム北部，中部および中南部地域において，植物遺伝資源の探索・調査をベトナムと日本共同で実施してきた．しかし，2020年はコロナ禍の影響を受け，探索・調査はベトナムの研究員のみで実施した．2021年の探索・調査もコロナ禍の影響を受けたため，2022年1月に延期し，ベトナムの研究員のみで2022年1月7日～16日にベトナム中部地域に位置するKon Tum 省のDak Glei郡，Sa Thay郡およびKon Plong郡において実施した．本探索において，トウガラシ 20 点（Capsicum frutescens 13 点，Capsicum sp. 7点），ナス 25 点（Solanum melongena 20点，Solanum torvum 2点およびSolanum sp. 3点），カ ボ チ ャ 15点（Cucurbita moschata），アマランサス1点（Amaranthus sp.），トウガン4点（Benincasa hispida)，カラシナ3点（Brassica juncea），スイカ1点（Citrullus lanatus），メロン2点（Cucumis melo），キュウリ2点（Cucumis sativus）および マ メ 科 植 物 4点（Vigna unguiculata cv-gr. Sesquipedalis 3点，およびVigna unguiculata cv-gr. Unguiculata 1点）の合計 77点の遺伝資源を収集した．これらの種子は，ベトナム PRC での種子調整および包装作業の後，素材移転契約により日本に導入した．, Figure 1点, Table 3点, Photo 6点, Sample Photo 77点

Collaborative explorations of plant genetic resources are organized annually and conducted jointly by scientists of the Plant Resources Center (PRC) at the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science and the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan, as part of the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia (PGRAsia) project that surveys the genetic diversity of crops in Asia. Due to COVID-19 regulations, the 2020 northern Vietnam exploration was conducted by only Vietnamese scientists from October 17 to 26, 2020. This region is important in terms of biodiversity, anthropological resources, and socioeconomic status. The exploration was conducted in the Quan Ba, Dong Van, and Meo Vac districts of the Ha Giang Province, Bao Lam district of Cao Bang Province, and Ba Be district of Bac Can province. A total of 71 samples were collected, including 45 chili peppers (14 Capsicum annuum, 15 Capsicum frutescens, 1 Capsicum baccatum, and 15 Capsicum spp.), 17 eggplants (14 Solanum melongena and three Solanum spp.), two pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), one mung bean (Vigna radiata), and six snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). This paper presents the results of the collected crop germplasm along with locally reported characteristics, applications, and planting regimes. The collected samples were divided for storage and evaluation at the PRC and NARO facilities to enable the assessment of agrobiological characteristics and markers of genetic diversity., 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）とベトナム植物遺伝資源センター（PRC）は，ベトナム国内における野菜類を中心とした遺伝資源を探索するため，PGRAsia（Plant Genetic Resource in Asia）プロジェクトのもと，2014 年から共同研究を実施している．本プロジェクトの一環として，2014年から2019年にかけてベトナム北部，中部および中南部地域において，植物遺伝資源の探索・調査をベトナムと日本共同で実施している．しかし，2020年はコロナ禍の影響を受け，探索・調査はベトナムの研究員のみで2020年10月17～26日にベトナム北部地域に位置するHa Giang省，Cao Bang省およびBac Can省において実施した．本探索において，トウガラシ45点（Capsicum annuum 14点，Capsicum frutescens 15点，Capsicum baccatum 1点，Capsicum spp. 15点），ナス17点（Solanum melongena 14点およびSolanum spp. 3点），カボチャ 2点（Cucurbita moschata），マメ科植物 7点（Vigna radiata 1点およびPhaseolus vulgaris 6点）の合計71点の遺伝資源を収集した．これらの種子は，ベトナム PRC で種子調整および包装作業の後，素材移転契約により日本に導入した．, Figure 1点, Table 3点, Photo 6点, Sample Photo 71点

Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous présentons une expérimentation menée auprès d’un public allophone inscrit à une formation universitaire. Ce travail a pour objectif de relever, d’une part, les spécificités dans les productions orales de ce public, et d’autre part, de démontrer l’intérêt d’un apprentissage sur corpus afin de construire un exposé structuré. Cette étude permet de s’ouvrir à d’autres perspectives didactiques en partant d’un corpus d’apprenants. As part of this work, we present an experiment conducted with a group of allophone students at university level. This work aims to identify the features of oral speech that are specific to this audience. It also shows the interest of corpus-driven learning to build a structured presentation. This study opens up to other didactic perspectives based on learner corpora.

The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization of Japan and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have collaboratively conducted the “Plant Genetic Resources in Asia” project since 2014 to survey the genetic resources available, mainly those of vegetables, in Vietnam. As part of this project, five field surveys were conducted from 2014 to 2018 in northern, central, and south-central Vietnam. In August 2019, we conducted a sixth field survey in Thua Thien Hue and Quang Binh provinces, central Vietnam. We collected 36 chili peppers (7 samples of Capsicum annuum and 29 of Capsicum frutescens), 22 eggplants (Solanum melongena), 11 pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), 11 legumes (8 samples of Vigna unguiculata and 3 of Vigna radiata), 4 cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), 3 amaranths (Amaranthus spp.), and 1 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a total of 88 genetic resources. After seed cleaning and packaging at the PRC in Vietnam, the seeds were sent to Japan under a material transfer agreement., 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）とベトナム植物遺伝資源センター（PRC）は，ベトナム国内における野菜類を中心とした遺伝資源を探索するため，PGRAsia（Plant Genetic Resource in Asia）プロジェクトのもと，2014年から共同研究を実施している．本プロジェクトの一環として，2014年から2018年にかけてベトナム北部，中部および中南部地域において，5回の探索を実施している．我々は，2019年8月にベトナム中部地域に位置するThua Thien Hue省およびQuang Binh 省の2地域において6回目の探索を実施した．本探索において，トウガラシ36点（Capsicum annuum 7点とCapsicum frutescens 29点），ナス12点（Solanum melongena），カボチャ11点（Cucurbita moschata），マメ科植物11点（Vigna unguiculata 8点およびVigna radiate 3点），キュウリ4点（Cucumis sativus），アマランサス3点（Amaranthus spp.）およびトマト1点（Solanum lycopersicum）の合計88点の遺伝資源を収集した．これらの種子は， ベトナムPRCで種子調整および包装作業の後，素材移転契約により日本に導入した．, Figure 1点, Table 3点, Photo 10点, Sample Photo 88点・20210330修正に伴う全文差し替え適用済：Table 3のCollection No. 73以降のPassport No. およびJP No.の修正、JP nameの「/NIVFS/」を「NIVFS-PRC/」に修正

This report describes the first collaborative expedition to collect Vietnamese plant genetic resources in the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science to establish an international research enterprise within the framework of the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia Phase 2 project. We conducted a field survey in the central highland of Vietnam (Gia Lai Province) between August 28 and September 4, 2018 and collected a total 113 accessions (16 of Amaranthus sp., 2 of Benincasa hispida, 33 of Cucumis melo, 10 of Cucumis sativus, 25 of Cucurbita moschata, 3 of Citrullus lanatus, 1 of Coccinia sp., 2 of Momordica charantia, 1 of Trichosanthes sp., 7 of Capsicum sp., 10 of Solanum sp., 1 of Solanum lycopersicum, 1 of Lablab purpureus, and 1 of Sorghum bicolor). All accessions were stored as seeds, and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, NARO, Japan.本報告は国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構とベトナム植物遺伝資源センターと共同で実施された農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の民間等への提供促進」における，ベトナム中部高原における園芸作物遺伝資源の探索・収集に関わる調査結果である．中部高原のザライ省において 2018 年 8 月 28 日～ 9 月 4 日にかけて植物遺伝資源の探索・調査を行った．その結果，合計 113 点（アマランサス属 16 点，トウガン 2 点，メロン 33 点，キュウリ10 点，ニホンカボチャ 25 点，スイカ 3 点，コッキニア属 1 点，カラスウリ属 1 点，ニガウリ 2 点，トウガラシ属 7 点，ナス属 10 点，トマト 1 点，フジマメ 1 点およびソルガム 1 点）を収集した．収集された遺伝資源は，ベトナム植物資源センターで保存された後，農研機構遺伝資源センタージーンバンクに移送された

Dans cette conférence nous allons présenter un outil d'aide à la rédaction scientifique pour des étudiants étrangers de niveau A2 à C2 en FLE.L'élaboration de cet outil a permis de faire collaborer des linguistes, destalistes et des didacticiennes. Une telle collaboration a été source de réflexions impossibles autrement et a donné un outil qui peut être utiliser aisément par tous. En outre sa prise en main est rapide et facile d'accès.

Leafy amaranths, which are consumed as traditional food in Asia and Africa, are now considered among the most promising vegetables. In Vietnam, leafy amaranths, particularly Amaranthus tricolor L., are important summer vegetables due to their excellent nutritional values and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, this species has not been subjected to systematic breeding. Here we describe species identification and evaluation of the genetic diversity of Vietnamese amaranth collection by using matK and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Our phylogenetic analysis based on the matK marker classified the species of 68% of the accessions, of which 120 belonged to A. tricolor. We developed 21 SSR markers, which amplified a total of 153 alleles in 294 A. tricolor accessions originating from Vietnam and overseas, with a mean allelic richness of 7.29 per marker, observed heterozygosity of 0.14, expected heterozygosity of 0.38, and polymorphic information content of 0.35. The STRUCTURE and FST analysis indicated a positive relationship between geographic distance and genetic differentiation among most of the overseas groups and the Vietnamese collection, but not among geographic groups within the Vietnamese collection. Vietnamese amaranths could be divided into two major types, one common in East Asia and the other one unique to Vietnam.

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice fields. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of BLB. Two BLB resistance genes, Xa21 and Xa7, were transferred into the susceptible indica cultivar Bacthom7 (BT7) by using marker-assisted selection with markers pTA248 for Xa21 and ID7 for Xa7. Improved BT7 lines carrying the two resistance genes were inoculated with three isolates of the Xoo from Northern Vietnam and evaluated for agronomic traits. Artificial inoculation of 13 lines with three Xoo races identified nine highly resistant lines with wide-spectrum resistance to Xoo, including D1, D2, D3, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10 and D12. These lines were similar to recurrent parent BT7 with regard to external appearance, yield performance and grain quality. On the basis of agronomic traits and the level of resistance to BLB, two promising lines, D6 and D9 were further selected. These two lines could efficiently contribute to rice production for food security and food safety in northern Vietnam. Key words: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, resistance genes, near-isogenic lines, marker-assisted selection (MAS), improved rice lines.

The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science conducted a collaborative exploration of plant genetic resources in Vietnam in 2016. The exploration was done within the framework of Plant Genetic Resources Asia (PGRAsia) project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. The project started in 2014, and here we report the findings from the third year of collaborative exploration in Vietnam. In October 2016, we surveyed the Muong Lat district and the Ba Thuoc district of Thanh Hoa province, and the Con Cuong district of Nghe An province. A total of 77 accessions were collected. These included: 35 amaranths (Amaranthus ssp.), 22 pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), 9 cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), 9 melons (Cucumis melo), 1 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and 1 sesame (Sesamum indicum). All accessions were stored as seeds at PRC, and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, NARO.

In October 2015, we collected 97 fruit and seed accessions (including 10 cucumbers, 30 pumpkins, and 21 amaranths) in northwest Vietnam. All accessions were stored as seeds at the Plant Resources Center of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)., 本報告は農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の収集・提供強化」の予算により実施され，国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構とベトナム植物遺伝資源センターとの間で締結した共同研究協定（MOU）に基づいて行われたベトナム北西部における野菜遺伝資源の探索・収集に関わる調査報告書である．調査は，2014年10月10日～21日にかけて行った．ソンラ省のマイソン県、バックイェン県およびバンホー県において探索・調査を行った．その結果，キュウリ（Cucumis sativus）10点，ニホンカボチャ（Cucurbita moschata）30点，アマランサス（Amaranthus spp.）21点を含めた合計97点の野菜遺伝資源を収集した．収集された遺伝資源は，ベトナム植物資源センターと国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業総合研究機構との間に交わされた試料提供契約（MTA）に基づいて両研究機関で保存する．

International audience; Nous nous intéressons dans ce travail au rôle que joue le corpus dans l’enseignement/apprentissage des routines langagières en classe de français langue étrangère. Nous allons expliquer dans un premier temps l’intérêt de travailler sur ces éléments lexicaux. Dans un deuxième temps, nous allons traiter du lien entre le corpus et ces séquences langagières. Nous proposerons quelques pistes de réflexion pour utiliser le corpus dans l’enseignement des collocations.

Context Yield improvement is an important issue for rice breeding. Panicle architecture is one of the key components of rice yield and exhibits a large diversity. To identify the morphological and genetic determinants of panicle architecture, we performed a detailed phenotypic analysis and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using an original panel of Vietnamese landraces. Results Using a newly developed image analysis tool, morphological traits of the panicles were scored over two years: rachis length; primary, secondary and tertiary branch number; average length of primary and secondary branches; average length of internode on rachis and primary branch. We observed a high contribution of spikelet number and secondary branch number per panicle to the overall phenotypic diversity in the dataset. Twenty-nine stable QTLs associated with seven traits were detected through GWAS over the two years. Some of these QTLs were associated with genes already implicated in panicle development. Importantly, the present study revealed the existence of new QTLs associated with the spikelet number, secondary branch number and primary branch number traits. Conclusions Our phenotypic analysis of panicle architecture variation suggests that with the panel of samples used, morphological diversity depends largely on the balance between indeterminate vs. determinate axillary meristem fate on primary branches, supporting the notion of differences in axillary meristem fate between rachis and primary branches. Our genome-wide association study led to the identification of numerous genomic sites covering all the traits studied and will be of interest for breeding programs aimed at improving yield. The new QTLs detected in this study provide a basis for the identification of new genes controlling panicle development and yield in rice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1504-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This report describes the first expedition to collect cucurbitaceous crops in Vietnam within the terms of a Letter of Agreement signed by the Japanese National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science to establish an international research enterprise within the framework of the Plant Genetic Resources Asia project. We conducted a field survey in northern Vietnam in the period November 9-22, 2014. We collected 33 accessions of Cucurbita moschata, 19 accessions of Cucumis sativus, and 7 accessions of Cucumis melo. The collected seed samples were stored in the PRC gene bank, and subsets were transferred to the NIAS gene bank, where they were conserved, in accordance with the PRC/NIAS MOU., 本報告は農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の収集・提供強化」の予算により実施され，独立行政法人農業生物資源研究所ジーンバンクとベトナム植物遺伝資源センターとの間で2012年に締結した共同研究協定（MOU）に基づいて行われたベトナム北部におけるウリ科遺伝資源の探索・収集に関わる調査報告書である．調査は，2014年11月9日～22日にかけて行った．ディエンビエン省，ソンラ省，ラオカイ省，ハザン省およびトゥインクワン省において探索・調査を行った．その結果，ニホンカボチャ（Cucurbita moschata）を33点，キュウリ（Cucumis sativus）を19点，メロン（C.melo）を7点の合計59点を収集した．収集された遺伝資源は，ベトナム植物資源センターと農業生物資源研究所との間に交わされた試料提供契約（MTA）に基づいて両研究機関で保存する．

Figure S5. QQ plots and Manhattan plots for panicle morphological traits for 2014 and 2015 in the full panel, indica and japonica subpanels. (a, i) Rachis length (RL); (b, j) primary branch number (PBN); (c, k) secondary branch number (SBN); (d, l) spikelet number (SpN); (e, m) primary branch length (PBL); (f, n) primary branch internode length (PBintL); (g, o) secondary branch length (SBL); (h, p) secondary branch internode length (SBintL) for 2014 and 2015, respectively (PDF 9355 kb)

Figure S3. Correlation between SpN and PBN traits in 2014 and 2015. In grey and orange are values for 2014 and 2015, respectively. The right panel indicates the value density for the two traits in 2014 (grey) and 2015 (orange). SpN: spikelet number. PBN: primary branch number. (PDF 123 kb)

Figure S1. The phenotype variation of indica and japonica subpanels in 2014 and 2015. Primary branch number (PBN), secondary branch number (SBN), spikelet number (SpN), primary branch length (PBL), primary internode length (PBintL), secondary branch length (SBL), secondary internode length (SBintL), tertiary branch number (TBN) and rachis length (RL). The values relating to length are in cm. Statistical significance (t test p values) between the two subpanels for the different panicle morphological traits is indicated (PDF 378 kb)

Figure S2. Correlation plots and PCA in the full panel, indica and japonica subpanels over the two years including flowering time (FT), plant height (PH), tiller number (TN) and efficient tiller number (eTN). (a) Correlation plots of the full panel in 2014 (left) and 2015 (right). (b) PCA of the full panel in 2014 (left) and 2015 (right). (c) Correlation plots of the indica (left) and the japonica (right) subpanels in 2014 (top) and 2015 (bottom). Primary branch number (PBN), secondary branch number (SBN), spikelet number (SpN), primary branch length (PBL), primary internode length (PBintL), secondary branch length (SBL), secondary internode length (SBintL), tertiary branch number (TBN) and rachis length (RL). (PDF 475 kb)

Figure S4 Heatmap clustering of the accessions related to panicle morphological traits in 2014 and 2015. In red and blue are the values for indica and japonica subpanels, respectively. Primary branch number (PBN), secondary branch number (SBN), spikelet number (SpN), primary branch length (PBL), primary internode length (PBintL), secondary branch length (SBL), secondary internode length (SBintL), tertiary branch number (TBN) and rachis length (RL). (PDF 271 kb)

The diversity of glutelin acidic polypeptides in rice cultivars collected from Northern Vietnam was characterized via sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis. Glutelin acidic subunits were separated into four bands by molecular mass, as α-1 (39 kDa), α-2 (38 kDa), α-3 (37.5 or 37 kDa) and α-4 (34 or 33 kDa). One hundred and eighty-five Vietnamese rice cultivars were divided into three types, based on differences in staining intensity and the molecular size of the α-3 and α-4 polypeptides derived from SDS-PAGE analysis. Wide variation was also observed in the isoelectric point (pI) staining intensity, in addition to the absence/presence of pI bands detected via IEF analysis. A total of 16 pI bands, ranging from pI 6.30 to pI 7.52, were identified in the various local rice cultivars. The maximum and minimum of IEF bands detected were 14 and 10, respectively. The genetic variability index (H′) ranged from 0.280 to 0.820, which confirms that local rice cultivars from Northern Vietnam have diverse glutelin seed storage units.

International audience

International audience; Notre communication portera sur la question désormais connue du lien entre les corpus, en particulier spécialisés, et la pratique en classe de langue. Nous nous nous intéressons ici aux routines langagières et expressions polylexicales particulièrement présentes dans les corpus d’écrits scientifiques et académiques (par exemple, comme on l’a vu, il est important d’observer, contrairement à nos attentes) et nous présenterons plusieurs expériences didactiques d'introduction des corpus en classe de Français Langue Étrangère. Nous exposerons des exemples d'activités développées à l’aide du corpus Scientext et son application ScienQuest pour l'aide à l'écrit scientifique auprès d'étudiants allophones dans les universités françaises.

International audience

International audience

This thesis proposes a new approach to scientific writings which takes discourse markers as starting point. It is part of the framework of French for Academic Purposes. In this work, we are particularly interested in multi-word discourse markers and we integrate them into a broader concept of phraseology. The particularity of this work lies in linking linguistic descriptions of discourse markers and didactic transposition of these tokens with a corpus, which is still little discussed in the didactic francophone field. We aim to meet two main objectives of linguistic and didactic nature. The linguistic objectives are to set up a model for analyzing multi-word discourse markers that combines both syntactic and semantic properties and is totally reconfigurable to other discourse markers. Linguistic analyses will then be used for the teaching/learning of these units. For didactic purposes, this research aims to develop a methodology for teaching/learning discourse markers from the observation of the corpus. Methodological considerations proposed in the framework of the thesis provide attractive ways for teaching/learning these language elements and for making access to the academic writings easier to non-native students., Cette thèse propose une nouvelle approche des écrits scientifiques en prenant comme point de départ les marqueurs discursifs (MD). Elle s'inscrit dans le cadre du Français sur Objectif Universitaire (FOU). Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons tout particulièrement aux MD polylexicaux et les intégrons dans une conception large de la phraséologie. La particularité de cette recherche réside dans le fait de relier les descriptions linguistiques des MD et la transposition didactique de ces unités lexicales à l'aide de corpus, ce qui est encore peu abordé dans le champ de la didactique francophone. Nous cherchons à répondre à des objectifs à la fois linguistiques et didactiques. Pour les objectifs linguistiques, nous mettons en place un modèle d'analyse des MD polylexicaux associant les propriétés syntaxiques et sémantiques et qui est tout à fait réadaptable à d'autres MD. Les analyses linguistiques des MD serviront par la suite à l'enseignement/apprentissage de ces unités. Pour les objectifs didactiques, cette recherche vise à concevoir une méthodologie d'enseignement/apprentissage des MD à partir de l'observation de corpus. Les considérations méthodologiques proposées dans le cadre de cette thèse ouvrent des pistes intéressantes pour l'enseignement/apprentissage de ces éléments linguistiques ainsi que pour faciliter l'accès aux écrits scientifiques auprès des étudiants non-natifs.

Amylose content is one of the most important factors influencing the physical and chemical properties of starch in rice. Analysis of 352 Vietnamese rice cultivars revealed a wide range of variation in apparent amylose content and the expression level of granule-bound starch synthase. On the basis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the splicing donor site of the first intron and in the coding region of the granule-bound starch synthase I gene, Waxy gene, alleles can be classified into seven groups that reflect differences in apparent amylose content. The very low and low apparent amylose content levels were tightly associated with a G to T in the first intron whereas intermediate and high amylose was associated with a T genotype at SNP in exon 10. The correlation between the combination of T genotype at SNP in the first intron, C in exon 6, or C in exon 10 was predominant among low amylose rice varieties. Our analysis confirmed the existence of Wx (op) allele in Vietnamese rice germplasm. The results of this study suggest that the low amylose properties of Vietnamese local rice germplasm are attributable to spontaneous mutations at exons, and not at the splicing donor site.

We are particularly interested in teaching and learning of collocations expressing the position, because in the theoretical framework of academic writing, the student has to form a personal opinion and build the specificity of its own research based on his reading. This work combines linguistic and educational and it is located at the junction of text linguistics and computer science education. Our teaching sequence uses linguistic descriptions and educational tracks developed in other studies on the scientific literature and aid to writing software., Nous nous intéressons particulièrement à l'enseignement et l'apprentissage des collocations exprimant le positionnement, parce que dans le cadre théorique de l'écrit universitaire, l'étudiant doit se forger une opinion personnelle et construire la spécificité de ses propres recherches en se basant sur ses lectures. Ce travail associe linguistique et didactique et il se trouve à la charnière de la linguistique textuelle et de l'informatique éducative. Notre séquence didactique exploite des descriptions linguistiques et les pistes pédagogiques développées dans d'autres études sur les écrits scientifiques et sur les aides logicielles à l'écriture.

International audience

International audience; This paper presents the work we carried out to extract and structure a specialized lexicon based on a corpus of French scientific articles in the fields of humanities and social sciences. The characteristics of the targeted lexicon may be summarized as follows: it is not domain-related inasmuch as it is shared by various disciplines; it serves to express the specific operations, naming the objects and exposing the results of research processes. In this view, the targeted lexicon studies here is genre-related. We designed this cross-disciplinary scientific lexicon (CSL) as a resource for several purposes: it may serve natural language processing, e.g. as a stoplist for automatic terms identification, as well as foreign language teaching. Indeed, students and scholars in the sciences need to acquire familiarity with the rhetoric of the research article, thus needing to master these words. We present here the two-stage creation of this lexicon: first, it was semi-automatically extracted from a corpus of 500 research articles spanning ten disciplines. Second, it was manually structured to reflect the semantics and rhetoric of science. This structure takes into account the lexico-syntactic properties of CSL nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. The resource will be freely available for academic purposes.

International audience