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Current traffic congestion and the resulting carbon emissions are two of the main problems threatening the sustainability of modern cities. The challenges facing today's cities focus primarily on the optimization of traffic ow and the transition to electric vehicles. The latter aspect implies the need for an adequate deployment of the infrastructure of charging stations. The inherent complexity in today's cities and the difficulty in implementing new policies whose benefits are difficult to measure and predict has led in recent years to consider the enormous potential of simulation tools and in particular of the agent-based simulation (ABS). ABS allows the speciffication of complex models that reect the complexity and dynamism of urban mobility. Current technology in ABS has evolved and matured sufficiently to provide very sophisticated tools but lacking facilities for a exible and realistic generation of input data in the execution of the experiments. In line with this, this paper introduces two configurable generators that automatize the creation of experiments in agent-based simulations. The generators have been developed with the SimFleet simulation tool enhancing the simulation of realistic movements and location of vehicles, passengers and other users of the urban traffic system within a city. The generators proved to be useful for comparing different distributions of locations as well as different agent movement behaviors based on real city data.

O artigo aborda o Sistema Nacional de Trânsito (SNT), sua composicao e a funcao dos orgaos componentes. Objetiva comprovar que a atividade de trânsito e inerente a atividade policial nao podendo, de forma alguma, ficar sem competencia propria dentro da estrutura prevista no Codigo de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB). O referencial teorico descreve a composicao bem como a funcao de cada orgao. Estabelece a competencia das Policias Militares no CTB. Define policiamento ostensivo de trânsito com base na legislacao em vigor e doutrina sobre o tema. Estabelece a missao legal das Policias Militares, com enfase na do Parana e a atuacao do Batalhao de Policia de Trânsito atrelado ao objeto do convenio com o Departamento Estadual de Trânsito (DETRAN). Conclui com a constatacao que as Policias Militares deveriam possuir competencia propria dentro da estrutura com a redefinicao do artigo 23 do CTB. Apresenta proposta da nova redacao do artigo 23 do CTB.

Non-motorised traffic plays an important and unique role in an efficient traffic system. Helping the creation of more available multimodal communities, improvements in non motorised traffic can lead to a decrease of the use of motorised vehicles and special attention should be paid to improvements in non motorised traffic which are integrated to policies of racional usage of terrain. Conventional research often underestimates and disregards the importance of walking and bicycling, which may present a problem during traffic planning and projecting. It's important to estimate the benefits and costs which improvements in non motorised traffic bring with them. That is why the paper analyzes the impact of non motorised traffic to congestion and safety of traffic, preservation of energy, decrease of pollution, health and social inclusivity of population and economic development.

Ancient Chinese military castles were equipped with rapid transportation routes for mutual aid, and this was an essential indicator of regional defense capability. However, since the sites of these transportation routes have mostly disappeared, it is not easy to examine the actual distribution of these routes. It is necessary to speculate the trend and position of military routes on the basis of the castle locations. In this study, the geographic features of each castle location were extracted as factors affecting the efficiency of the intercastle transportation system using the ArcGIS cost path function. By analyzing the fit of each factor for screening and weight assignment, a time cost path was established, and a model was generated for calculating the efficiency of this transportation system. The Weihai area, a typical representation of sea defense during the Chinese Ming Dynasty, was taken as an example for simulation. Overall, five ancient military transportation routes were restored. The establishment of the Ming Dynasty Wendengying transformed the linear defense layout of the Weihai region into a longitudinal network layout, and its site selection was of great benefit to the overall defense of the coastal citadel of Weihai. This model breaks the traditional limitations of relying on subjective speculation for ancient road restoration and dramatically improves its accuracy and credibility. Moreover, it makes a significant contribution to judging the road systems of ancient cities in different regions and provides a new idea to quantify the efficiency of ancient castle defenses.

Zbog povećanja stupnja motorizacije i broja putovanja po osobi dolazi do potrebe za što boljim prometnim sustavima u cijelosti. U prometnim sustavima ne postoji loše rješenje, međutim potrebno je izabrati ono rješenja gdje je sigurnost prometa najveća uz što veću protočnost prometa. Kasno je reagirati kada se rješenje izvede i kao takvo implementira u prometni sustav. Prometna rješenja bi se prije samog izvođenja trebala provjeriti funkcioniraju li i dati im ocjenu uspješnosti funkcioniranja u prometnom sustavu, Danas je razvijen veliki broj mikrosimulacijskih i makrosimulacijskih računalnih programa koji nam pokušavaju mikrosimulacijski program Vissim. Program radi na principu simulacijskog modela stohastičke naravi što znači da za iste ulazne podatke, rezultati koje program daje su uvijek različiti. Opatija je turistička destinacija u kojoj se turizam proteže kroz cijelu godinu, iako najviše turista je posjeti tijekom ljetnih mjeseci. Za promet u Opatiji to znači da se očekuje veliki broj motornih vozila koji prolaze i/ili ostaju u gradu u ljetnim mjesecima. Zbog nedostatka parkirnih mjesta, sigurnosti nemotoriziranih sudionika u prometu te zbog umirivanja prometa u samom centru grada, ideja je samo u ljetnim mjesecima promet organizirati na način da se cesta, Ulica Maršala Tita pretvori u cestu s jednosmjernim prometom. Reorganizacijom prometa u Ulici Maršala Tita nastaje problem na Novoj Cesti. Cilj rada je provjeriti kako Nova cesta – u ovome slučaju 2. koridor, funkcionira uz dodatno prometno opterećenje preuzeto s prvog dužobalnog koridora – Ulice Maršala Tita. Rezultati pokazuju da se s nekoliko intervencija u prometni sustav (dodavanje traka za skretanje, semaforizacija raskrižja...), mogu dobiti znatno bolji rezultati na Novoj cesti gledajući razinu uslužnosti na raskrižjima, duljinu putovanja i slično. Korištenje mikrosimulacijskih programa pokazalo se kao dobro rješenje u pri evaluaciji funkcioniranja prometnog sustava prije samog izvođenja promjena u njemu. Zaključak rada je da bi se reorganizacijom prometa u ljetnim mjesecima dobio sigurniji i mirniji promet u centru grada, više parkirnih mjesta, ali bi se na Novoj cesti mogli očekivati veći zastoji i sporije odvijanje prometa nego do sada. Izgradnjom 3. koridora, Liburnijske obilaznice, koji bi Opatijsko područje rasteretio tranzitnog prometa riješili bi se svi problemi u prometnom sustavu grada te bi se isti rasteretio u velikoj mjeri., Due to the increase in the degree of motorization and the number of trips per person, there is a need for better transport systems in their entirety. There is no such thing as a bad solution in traffic systems, however, it is necessary to choose the solution where traffic safety is the highest with the greatest traffic flow. It is too late to react when the solution is implemented and implemented as such in the traffic system. Traffic solutions should be checked before their implementation to see if they work and give them an evaluation of the success of functioning in the traffic system. Today, a large number of microsimulation and macrosimulation computer programs have been developed that try to show us the effectiveness of traffic solutions as best as possible. One of these is the microsimulation program Vissim. The program works on the principle of a stochastic simulation model, which means that for the same input data, the results the program gives are always different. Opatija is a tourist destination where tourism extends throughout the whole year, although most tourists visit it during the summer months. For traffic in Opatija, this means that a large number of motor vehicles are expected to pass through and/or stay in the city in the summer months. Due to the lack of parking spaces, the safety of non-motorized road users and traffic calming in the city center, the idea is to organize traffic only in the summer months in such a way that the road, Ulica Maršala Tita, turns into a one-way road. The reorganization of traffic in Ulica Maršala Tita creates a problem on Nova cesta. The aim of the work is to show how the Nova cesta - in this case the 2nd corridor, functions with additional traffic load taken over from the first long-shore corridor – Ulica Maršala Tita. The results show that with several interventions in the traffic system (adding turning lanes, traffic lights at intersections, etc.), significantly better results can be obtained on Nova cesta, looking at the level of service at intersections, the length of trips, and the like. The use of microsimulation programs proved to be a good solution for evaluating the functioning of the traffic system before making changes in it. The conclusion of the work is that the reorganization of traffic in the summer months would result in safer and calmer traffic in the city center, more parking spaces, but greater congestion and slower traffic flow than before could be expected on Nova cesta. The construction of the 3rd corridor, the Liburnian bypass, which would relieve the Opatija area of transit traffic, would solve all the problems in the city's transport system and relieve it to a large extent.

Objectives: This study aims to highlight the difficulties caused by the motorized transport system in the downtown of Baniyas city, Syria, and analyse the applicability of a non-motorized transport system based on a deep understanding of the nature of the society and the needs of the users. Methods: this study used the observation of the author and data obtained from official reports to identify the challenges in the downtown area caused by the current traffic system, a new non-motorized transport system was designed and proposed to the users through an online questionnaire using Qualtrics online survey tool. After the pilot sample testing the questionnaire was distributed to the targeted group of 326 participants with (11 invalid responses, 17 unqualified respondents and 298 valid responses). The data from their responses was exported to SPSS statistical analysis software then the qualitative data was analysed using SPSS and MS Excel. Findings: The most profound of the results is the significance of the relationship between the social reasons as a factor to prevent people from cycling and the variables of age and gender. The participants’ level of being affected by social reasons varied depending on their age and gender. And when giving people the opportunity to cycle in better conditions after implementing the proposal, it was also found that the participants were positive towards the idea of riding the bicycle regardless of their gender, but according to their age, people reacted differently, the younger people had a positive opinion, but the relatively older people were neutral towards it. Novelty: It is being the first study to target the downtown of Baniyas city, and designs an approach to improve it in addition to design the non-motorized transport system questionnaire which was an original work of this study. Keywords: Nonmotorized transport; Chi square test; Bicycling; Pedestrianization; New transportation system questionnaire

The objective of this project is to control the traffic signal with help of solar energy. This project has been developed as a model of Traffic light controller. The signals can be controlled through software programs and can be varied depending upon the location. For example some places needs green signal to glow for long time. And some directions need red signals to glow for long time. This can be achieved simply by varying the delay in the software. Solar power is used to provide the power to the solar lights. So this project is very useful to the government to save the power.The solar panel is solar photovoltaic modules use solar cells to convert light from the sun into electricity. Now-a-days, instead of using the power from the supply line for various operations, most of them are going for solar energy source, as it is cheapest.

Knowing the regulations – static and dynamic – is, however, nowhere near solved. This chapter discusses two major problems. The first and greatest problem is that most vehicle OEMs have thought, and continue to think, that their vehicle is at the centre of, indeed, is in control of, its movements through any traffic system. The second big problem is knowledge of the regulations at any place and time. This chapter considers Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in two paradigms – MaaS today with existing transport modes (including driver assisted ride hailing) – and MaaS of tomorrow with driverless ride hailing using automated vehicles (AVs). The provision of regulatory data from the TIS, and route optimisation from the travel optimisation service will be vital to the safety of AVs. AVs will become steadily more important, but the take‐up will be slower than many have hoped.

In this article I consider what sense it makes to speak of a hybrid automobile ontology in contexts where its constitutive elements – driver, car and traffic system – are ruins. Then, on the basis of passenger-seat ethnography conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, I explore the consequences of the oxymoronic quality of these ruins, which as ‘remains’ both endure and decay, for experiences and senses of being among drivers living under conditions of post-socialist transition.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is now being widely built all over the world. Traffic congestion prediction, as a major part of ITS, not only provides reliable traffic information for travelers to save their time, but also assists traffic management agencies to manage the traffic system. We find that the existing papers, including neural networks, do not perform well due to the complex association features between the road sections. In addition, the lack of a better evaluation standard for traffic congestion also makes the effect of traffic congestion prediction worse. In this paper, we propose a method to generate traffic congestion index by mining free-stream speed and free-stream flow. Considering the association features of road segments in the road network, we propose a road segment grouping method based on association subgraph to pre-train deep learning model and realize information sharing between road segments. Combining the features of traffic data and CNN model, we propose a traffic congestion prediction model named SG-CNN which training process is optimized by road segment grouping algorithm. The experiments demonstrate that our proposed model has higher accuracy rate than other models.

Indonesian water territory is a crossroads of international shipping lanes connecting countries bordering the South China Sea in the north, countries in southern, and countries from western Indonesia. The shipping route goes through the Sunda Strait, Sumbawa Strait, Makassar Strait and Melaka Strait. The shipping lanes are grouped into three main routes called ALKI (Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonsia) I, II, and III. The increase in total number of ships per year with various capacities tends to increases the traffic in the lane and the risk of ship collision. Using AIS (Automatic Identification System) technology with a warning system required to prevent the effect of accidents. Through the Vessel Traffic System (VTS) receive, record, and analysis the traffic data in the covered area. Computation time become a critical issue for ship traffic assessment in the lane. A numerical simulation program developed and analysed the computation time of ship traffic analysis using cluster area method. The result showed a shorter computation time for a more number of cluster area. The computation time increase quadratically with an increase of ships number or objects.