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In numerous countries, the utilization of plants for both nutritional and therapeutic purposes is a common practice. However, the inadvertent use of these plants can pose risks due to their active molecules or microbiota. The traditional use of Herniaria glabra L. (H. glabra) plant in treating various diseases is well-known; however, its application in yogurt production raises concerns. In this study, Bacillus pumilus isolated from H. glabra was identified through 16s rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS (Matriks Assisted Lazer Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Massspectrometry). The bacterium's resistance under simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions was assessed, followed by investigations into its aggregation ability, antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, and antagonistic potential through in vitro tests. The study revealed that B. pumilus exhibited 100% resistance to GIT conditions. Notably, the bacterium demonstrated strong autoaggregation (34.48%) and coaggregation abilities (49.82% for Escherichia coli, 49.13% for Listeria monocytogenes), signifying a potent aggregative potential. Sensitivity to most tested antibiotics was observed, while no antagonistic activity against tested bacteria was evident. Furthermore, the bacterium exhibited β-hemolytic activity, indicative of potential virulence. The findings suggest that this resistant yet virulent bacterium, with its hemolytic activity, could disrupt the GIT balance, posing serious health risks. The study underscores the need for caution and awareness regarding the potential dangers posed by bacteria in plant microbiota in herbal therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia, a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood lipid levels, significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. While pharmacological interventions exist, factors such as medication side effects, cost considerations, and a growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine have stimulated research into the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants in managing hyperlipidemia. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of these botanical agents in reducing blood lipid levels. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across reputable databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and other relevant online platforms. Keywords such as "hyperlipidemia," "herbal medicine," "traditional medicine," "herbal extract," and "herbal therapy" were employed to identify studies published up to 2024. Inclusion criteria were established to select studies that reported the impact of medicinal plants on lipid profile modifications. Results: Based on the results, the study revealed that various medicinal plants, including Thymus vulgaris, Apium graveolens, Cichorium intybus, Fumaria officinalis, Heracleum rawianum, Anthemis altissima, Gundelia tourneforttii, Cynodon dactylon, Anthriscus sylvestrianum, Solanum nigrum, Arum elongatum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Berberis vulgaris, Rheum ribes, and Mentha spicata, are commonly used in traditional medicine to address hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: The use of indigenous Iranian medicinal plants for managing hyperlipidemia is deeply rooted in the country’s ancient history and has been increasingly validated by contemporary scientific research. These natural compounds can help lower blood lipid levels by inhibiting fat absorption and boosting lipid metabolism. The growing interest in traditional medicine and medicinal plants can be attributed to their inherent advantages, such as a lower incidence of side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Ongoing scientific research in this field offers promising avenues for developing innovative and effective herbal-based therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Diastasis rectus abdominis is common in postpartum mothers but few studies have examined its traditional treatments. This study's aim was to explore postpartum mothers' experiences of abdominal care and Javanese cultural care. Methods: This phenomenological study was conducted in rural Yogyakarta, Indonesia from May to December 2022. A total of 13 purposively selected postpartum mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured in-depth guide. Data were analysed thematically. Results: The five main themes were symptoms interfere with activities and appearance, traditional and non-traditional abdominal care, benefits of and barriers to traditional care, regular use of traditional care and the need for more effective, comfortable and practical tools. Conclusions: Both traditional and non-traditional care for postpartum abdominal issues present challenges. There is a need for more effective, comfortable and practical treatment for the abdominal area. Implications for practice: Further research is needed to develop tools for abdominal care for postpartum women that are effective, comfortable and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Porphyromonas gingivalis is widely recognised as a periodontal pathogen. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of medicinal plant extracts as alternative treatments for periodontitis to combat the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Ruta angustifolia L. Pers has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including oral bacterial infections. However, the antimicrobial potential of R. angustifolia extracts against the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis remains unexplored. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of R. angustifolia extracts against P. gingivalis. Methods The antimicrobial activity of R. angustifolia extracts (crude methanol, hexane and chloroform fractionated extracts) against P. gingivalis was evaluated using the well diffusion method. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Biofilm biomass assessment and live/dead cell viability assays were performed to analyse the effect of R. angustifolia extracts. Ultrastructural morphological changes in P. gingivalis cells were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results It was found that P. gingivalis was susceptible to R. angustifolia extracts, with the chloroform fractionated extract exhibiting the highest inhibition zones. The MIC and MBC of chloroform fractionated extract were determined to be 6.25 mg/mL which substantially reduced P. gingivalis biofilm biomass. Live/dead cell viability assays showed the highest percentage of dead P. gingivalis cells after 48 h of incubation. FE-SEM confirmed that the chloroform fractionated extract effectively damaged the bacterial cell wall and altered the ultrastructural morphology of P. gingivalis. Conclusion The results indicated that extracts of R. angustifolia has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment in addition to conventional periodontal therapies.

Abstract Background Patients with mandibular conventional ameloblastoma undergoing radical surgical treatment experience greater trauma and often find it challenging to accept, whereas conservative therapy is associated with a higher recurrence rate. In this study, we have improved traditional conservative treatment for mandibular conventional ameloblastoma by curettage combined with bone cavity opening (Cur/BCO). This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Cur/BCO treatment by comparing its recurrence rate and bone mineral density (BMD) growth rate with the traditional conservative treatment approach. Methods A total of 40 patients, meeting the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria from 2012 to 2020, were screened, with 20 in the modified group and 20 in the traditional group. ImageJ (RRID: SCR_003070) software was employed for measuring image indices. All data were analyzed using T-test, Chi-square test and Fisher exact test in SPSS 26.0 (p = 0.05). Results The incidence of recurrence was significantly lower in the modified group, at only 5%, compared to 35% in the traditional group (p

Background: Patients with mandibular conventional ameloblastoma undergoing radical surgical treatment experience greater trauma and often find it challenging to accept, whereas conservative therapy is associated with a higher recurrence rate. In this study, we have improved traditional conservative treatment for mandibular conventional ameloblastoma by curettage combined with bone cavity opening (Cur/BCO). This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Cur/BCO treatment by comparing its recurrence rate and bone mineral density (BMD) growth rate with the traditional conservative treatment approach. Methods: A total of 40 patients, meeting the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria from 2012 to 2020, were screened, with 20 in the modified group and 20 in the traditional group. ImageJ (RRID: SCR_003070) software was employed for measuring image indices. All data were analyzed using T-test, Chi-square test and Fisher exact test in SPSS 26.0 (p = 0.05). Results: The incidence of recurrence was significantly lower in the modified group, at only 5%, compared to 35% in the traditional group (p < 0.05). Regarding bone mineral density (BMD) growth rate, the average value in the modified group was 0.0862 ± 0.2302 (/month), significantly higher than the average value of 0.0608 ± 0.2474 (/month) in the traditional group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the recurrence rate of the modified conservative treatment (Cur/BCO) was lower than that of the traditional conservative treatment for managing mandibular conventional ameloblastoma. Furthermore, the BMD growth rate was quicker in the modified group. Thus, Cur/BCO could be considered as a viable option for the conservative treatment of mandibular conventional ameloblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of Virtual reality on neck pain and function in patients with non-specific neck dysfunction. Design: A pre-test post-test randomized control trial was performed at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Thirty female students, 18-25 years, were assigned to study group or control group randomly. The control group received traditional treatment in form of exercises; the study group received Virtual reality therapy plus traditional treatment. The intervention duration was 6 weeks. Before and after 6 weeks of training, pain, neck range of motion, and neck function were examined. Results: there was no statistically significant difference in pain, neck range of motion, and neck functional activity between pre and post-treatment mean values of majority measured variables in both groups except pressure pain threshold variable in favor of the study group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Virtual reality and traditional exercises have positive effect on non-specific neck dysfunction and they nearly have the same effect on neck pain, range of motion and functional level with favor of Virtual reality on pressure pain threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected skin disease that poses a serious health problem in many countries including Morocco. Although treatment is free of charge at state health facilities, there is under-utilization of health services by patients. The objective is to know and understand the obstacles faced by people with cutaneous leishmaniasis when seeking anti-Leishmania treatment. Qualitative study was conducted among people affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Morocco in rural communes in the province of El Hajeb. In-depth individual interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was used to process and present these data. In total, fourteen people with cutaneous leishmaniasis were recruited with an average age of 45 years, 78.6 % of whom lived in rural areas. Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Perception of the disease and trivialization of skin lesions; (2) Popular treatmentseeking behavior; (3) Gender and decision to seek treatment; (4) Therapeutic preferences and refusal of injection. This research showed that patients did not seek medical treatment for their disease until the lesions persisted despite the application of traditional remedies. Socio-cultural aspects were the most important factors preventing patients from seeking and receiving timely medical care. The female gender was a determinant for seeking health care from caregivers. The trivialization of skin lesions and the use of traditional practices were socio-cultural factors limiting the use of medical treatment by those affected. These factors, together with the fear of pain caused by the injection, were the decisive point for abandoning anti-Leishmania treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine data from studies supporting the clinical efficacy of medical approaches from India traditional systems of medicines like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy for psoriasis using outcome indicators employed in clinical practice and research. Methods: Searches were conducted between December 2019 and September 2020 in databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Ovid Medline using search terms including traditional, complementary, psoriasis, Kushtha, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and clinical. Controlled trials, case series and case reports published from India were included. Results: Data of 17 selected studies were extracted. Treatment efficacy in terms of improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score or/and percentage reduction in score (PASI 50, PASI 75 and PASI 90) or/and patient-reported outcomes using instruments like Dermatology Life Quality Index and Psoriasis Disability Index were noted. All studies reported good improvement as per the study specific outcome. However, study characteristics, including study design, sample size, follow-up period, inclusion and exclusion criteria were heterogeneous, and the choice of outcome measures was not adequate to conclude the effectiveness of intervention. The use of some herbs as common ingredients in several formulations across different systems of medicines were noted in analyzing individual formulation. Conclusions: Future studies must incorporate a comprehensive study design with specific outcome measures like PASI, PASI 75, PASI 90, quality of life parameters, compliance to medications, adverse reactions, remission period, relapse rate and cost-effectiveness with long term follow-up. The currently available evidence on the roles of these herbs at molecular level in psoriasis is preliminary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Bell's palsy is an idiopathic facial nerve dysfunction causing temporary paralysis of muscles of facial expression. This study aimed to determine the incidence rate, common risk factors, and preferred treatment by the Saudi patients with Bell's palsy. Method. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Qurayyat region of Saudi Arabia. The retrospective medical records were searched from 2015-2020 of patients diagnosed with Bell's palsy at Qurayyat General Hospital and King Fahad hospital. A 28-item questionnaire was developed by a team of experts and pre-tested among patients with Bell's palsy before being sent to the eligible participants. The data were analyzed using summary statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Likelihood ratio test. Results. We identified 279 cases of Bell's palsy from the medical records of the hospitals from the years 2015 to 2020, accounting for 46.5 cases per year and an incidence rate of 25.7 per 100,000 per year. Out of 279 patients with Bell's palsy, only 171 returned the questionnaire accounting for a response rate of 61.2%. Out of 171 patients with Bell's palsy, females (n = 147, 86.0%) accounted for the majority of cases. The most affected age group among participants with Bell's palsy was 21-30 years (n = 76, 44.4%). There were 153 (89.5%) cases who reported Bell's palsy for the first time. The majority of the participants experienced right-sided facial paralysis (n = 96, 56.1%). Likelihood ratio test revealed significant relationship between exposure to cold air and common cold with age groups (χ²(6, N = 171) = 14.92, p = 0.021), χ²(6, N D171) = 16.35, pp = 0.012 respectively. The post hoc analyses revealed that participants in the age group of 20-31-years were mostly affected due to exposure to cold air and common cold than the other age groups. The main therapeutic approach preferred was physiotherapy (nD149, 87.1%), followed by corticosteroids and antivirals medications (nD61, 35.7%), acupressure (nD35, 20.5%), traditional Saudi herb medicine (nD32, 18.7%), cauterization by hot iron rod (nD23, 13.5%), supplementary therapy (n = 2, 1.2%), facial cosmetic surgery (n = 1, 0.6%) and no treatment (n = 1, 0.6%). The most preferred combined therapy was physiotherapy (87.6%) with corticosteroid and antiviral drugs (35.9%), and acupressure (17.6%). Conclusion. The rate of Bell's palsy was approximately 25.7 per 100,000 per year in the Qurayyat region of Saudi Arabia. Exposure to cold air and common cold were the significant risk factors associated with Bell's palsy. Females were predominantly affected by Bell's palsy in the Qurayyat region of Saudi Arabia. Bell's palsy most commonly occurred in the age group 21-30 years. The most favored treatment was physiotherapy following Bell's palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Today, hypertension is a significant public health problem globally, widely recognized as a major risk factor for death. Blood pressure-lowering herbal medicines and natural products have been used for centuries. The protocol aims to determine the effect of natural product use on blood pressure in Iran using data from previously published randomized controlled trials. The current protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis is designed to determine the effect of natural product use on blood pressure in Iran. Methods: The protocol is developed using PICO (participants, interventions, comparisons, and outcomes) items to assess the effect of natural products on blood pressure reduction in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in Iran. Specific MESH terms will be used to search Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register for randomized controlled clinical trials, as well as national databases such as Barekat Gostar, SID, Magiran, and IranDoc. The I2 index and the Q-test will be used to examine heterogeneity in the effect sizes of individual studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) of RCTs will be reported per Cochrane guidelines, and all forms will be based on validated Cochrane templates. Discussion: This protocol will detail the effects of natural products (interventions) in comparison to a placebo or other control group (comparators). Registration: The current protocol was also registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021231837, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=231837, Date: February 18, 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yue-Rong Zhang,1 Hui Wang,2 Ning Zhou,2 Yao-Di Zhang,1,2 Yan Lin,1,2 Li-Yang Wu,1,2 Shi-Fang Wei,2 Yan-Yun Ma,2,3 Chun-Xia Wang3 1Department of Gastroenterology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yue-Rong ZhangDepartment of Gastroenterology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55 University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 102365714142Email zhang_yue_rong@163.comObjective: To explore the feasibility of treating cirrhosis using a multidisciplinary team approach (MDT) and to pinpoint the key factors influencing its implementation.Methods: The data of 307 patients with decompensated cirrhosis were studied retrospectively. Patients who received more than two treatment measures were assigned to the MDT group (n=228), and patients who received symptomatic medical drug treatment only were assigned to the traditional treatment group (n=79). The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 10 years, and the average follow-up period was 5.7 years. The results of the biochemical tests for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid, hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid, and autoantibodies to liver disease were analyzed.Results: The differences in gender and Child–Pugh grade of liver function between the two groups were not statistically significant. The MDT group had obvious advantages over the traditional treatment group in occupational composition, etiology composition, 5-year survival rate and annual hospitalization times. The leading causes of death in the MDT group, in descending order, were liver cancer, infection, mesenteric thrombosis, and non-hepatic disease, and, in the medical treatment group, they were liver failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, and liver cancer. There was a significant statistical difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). In the multidisciplinary treatment, etiological treatment was the most widely used treatment, accounting for 79.8%, followed by endoscopic treatment (33.3%), peritoneal drainage and ascites reinfusion (25%), splenectomy combined with devascularization (11.4%) and stem cell transplantation and liver transplantation (1.8%).Conclusion: An MDT can improve the efficacy and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and improve patient compliance. After multi-disciplinary intervention, the mortality spectrum of long-term survival patients with cirrhosis changes, and the mortality rate of liver cancer and non-liver disease increases.Keywords: liver cirrhosis, decompensated period, multidisciplinary team mode, traditional treatment, retrospective study

Medicinal plants have been widely used as a source of medicine in treating human and animal diseases from past to present in Turkey, as in almost all cultures. In this review article, a comprehensive literature search was done, and the plants used to treat wounds in the folklore of veterinary medicine in Turkey were compiled. In total, it was determined that plants from 69 families were used. It was determined that the most commonly used plants belong to the families of Asteraceae (24), Rosaceae (16), Lamiaceae (13). It has been observed that the use of Vitis sp., Pinus sp., Quercus sp., and species such as Rhus coriaria, Allium cepa, Olea europaea, Allium sativum spread over vast geography throughout the country. At the end of our review, it can be said that some of the plants used in wound treatment are used in humans and animals in our country and in different countries, and other plants have the potential to create a source for new drugs to be developed in wound treatment.

Background Bell’s palsy is an idiopathic facial nerve dysfunction causing temporary paralysis of muscles of facial expression. This study aimed to determine the incidence rate, common risk factors, and preferred treatment by the Saudi patients with Bell’s palsy. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Qurayyat region of Saudi Arabia. The retrospective medical records were searched from 2015–2020 of patients diagnosed with Bell’s palsy at Qurayyat General Hospital and King Fahad hospital. A 28-item questionnaire was developed by a team of experts and pre-tested among patients with Bell’s palsy before being sent to the eligible participants. The data were analyzed using summary statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Likelihood ratio test. Results We identified 279 cases of Bell’s palsy from the medical records of the hospitals from the years 2015 to 2020, accounting for 46.5 cases per year and an incidence rate of 25.7 per 100,000 per year. Out of 279 patients with Bell’s palsy, only 171 returned the questionnaire accounting for a response rate of 61.2%. Out of 171 patients with Bell’s palsy, females (n = 147, 86.0%) accounted for the majority of cases. The most affected age group among participants with Bell’s palsy was 21–30 years (n = 76, 44.4%). There were 153 (89.5%) cases who reported Bell’s palsy for the first time. The majority of the participants experienced right-sided facial paralysis (n = 96, 56.1%). Likelihood ratio test revealed significant relationship between exposure to cold air and common cold with age groups (χ2(6, N = 171) = 14.92, p = 0.021), χ2(6, N = 171) = 16.35, pp = 0.012 respectively. The post hoc analyses revealed that participants in the age group of 20–31-years were mostly affected due to exposure to cold air and common cold than the other age groups. The main therapeutic approach preferred was physiotherapy (n = 149, 87.1%), followed by corticosteroids and antivirals medications (n = 61, 35.7%), acupressure (n = 35, 20.5%), traditional Saudi herb medicine (n = 32, 18.7%), cauterization by hot iron rod (n = 23, 13.5%), supplementary therapy (n = 2, 1.2%), facial cosmetic surgery (n = 1, 0.6%) and no treatment (n = 1, 0.6%). The most preferred combined therapy was physiotherapy (87.6%) with corticosteroid and antiviral drugs (35.9%), and acupressure (17.6%). Conclusion The rate of Bell’s palsy was approximately 25.7 per 100,000 per year in the Qurayyat region of Saudi Arabia. Exposure to cold air and common cold were the significant risk factors associated with Bell’s palsy. Females were predominantly affected by Bell’s palsy in the Qurayyat region of Saudi Arabia. Bell’s palsy most commonly occurred in the age group 21–30 years. The most favored treatment was physiotherapy following Bell’s palsy.

Introduction: Herbal products are generally considered safe because of their natural origin with the belief that "herbs are harmless". Herbal medicines, teas, and mixtures can be purchased by consumers via the internet and telephone without the supervision of a doctor. The ease of direct sale of herbal products to consumers, potential toxicity, contamination, deception, and interactions with drugs and food pose a direct threat to public health. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of use of herbal medicines and the reasons for use in Sivas city center and its districts. Method: The prepared questionnaires were approved by the Sivas Chamber of Pharmacists' board of directors and the questionnaires were administered to the patients under the supervision of a pharmacist. The results were evaluated with the chi-square test. Findings: According to the research results; Herbal products are bought from herbalists, online, no one knows about their content, the dosage is not known, the side effects are not known, they are easily used with prescription drugs, and there is no information about eliminations. Worst of all, 70% of the society tends to use herbal products. Doctors do not know much about phytotherapy and therefore cannot recommend herbal products. In this case, the most ignorant and charlatans have a say. Pharmacists can't compete with herbalists who act recklessly in this regard. Herbal product licenses are unfortunately not given by the Ministry of Health. Conclusion: In short, herbal products continue to pose a threat to public health as a "bomb with the pin pulled" unless precautions are taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Segmental vitiligo (SV) is a distinctive variant of vitiligo that is usually resistant to traditional treatments. Therefore, surgical therapies are mainstay of treatment in this type of vitiligo. To date, there is no review article or systematic review that evaluates specifically efficacy of treatment modalities on SV. Aim: To evaluate current evidence regarding efficacy and safety of traditional and surgical treatment modalities in SV. Methods: We conducted a search in PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and Google Scholar for key words of "vitiligo" AND "segmental" AND "treatment" OR "therapy" OR "surgical treatments" OR "medical treatments" OR "laser" OR "phototherapy". Inclusion criteria were English literature that investigated efficacy of different treatments on three or more cases on SV from January 2000 until July 2021. Results: A total of thirty‐four articles were selected for detailed assessment. Different treatment modalities include medical treatment [systemic corticosteroid (SCS), topical CS (TCS), and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI)], phototherapy [narrow band‐ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB), psoralen and UVA (PUVA) and psoralen+solar exposure (PUVASOL)], laser/lights [helium‐neon and Excimer laser/light (EL)] and surgical treatments [punch graft (PG), follicular graft, suction blister epidermal grafting (SBEG), spilt‐thickness skin graft (STSG), and cultured/non‐cultured‐melanocytes‐keratinocytes transplantation (MKTP)]. Conclusion: There were few randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the efficacy of treatments in SV. Therefore, future high quality studies are required for better assessment of various treatment modalities in SV. Results of current evidence indicate resistance of SV to traditional therapies unless in patients with short duration of vitiligo. Therefore, surgical interventions are the first‐line of treatment in refractory cases, long‐standing disease, or presence of leukotrichia in depigmented patches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The incidence of gastric cancer in East Asia is much higher than the international average. Therefore, improving the prognosis of patients and establishing effective clinical pathways are important topics for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. At present, the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway is widely used in the field of gastric surgery. Many randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies have proven that the ERAS regimen can improve the short-term clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. However, a prospective study on the effect of the ERAS pathway on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer has not yet been reported. This trial aims to confirm whether the ERAS pathway can improve the disease-free survival and overall survival of patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted radical resection for distal gastric cancer. Methods/design This study is a prospective, multicentre RCT. This experiment will consist of two groups – an experimental group and a control group – randomly divided in a 1:1 ratio. The perioperative period of the experimental group will be managed according to the ERAS pathway and that of the control group will be managed according to the traditional management mode. An estimated 400 patients will be enrolled. The main endpoint for comparison is the 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival between the two groups. Discussion The results of this RCT should clarify whether the ERAS pathway is superior to traditional treatment on inflammatory indexes, short-term clinical outcome and survival for laparoscopic-assisted radical resection of distal gastric cancer. It is hoped that our data will provide evidence that the ERAS pathway improves survival in patients with gastric cancer. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, CHiCTR1900022438 . Registered on 11 April 2019.

The results of morphologic characteristics of healing lips' tissues in dynamics of experimental modulating of chronic relapsing lips' clefts (CRLC) were discussed in this work; the estimation of efficacy complex therapy was given. Morphologically was proved that complex treating with using Perftoran that promotes real acceleration in process of healing lips' tissues in comparison with traditional treating. Such effect of therapy is explained by local protective influence of Perftoran and as well as bactericide and bacteriostatic properties.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in late 2019 with high rate of spread and transmission. As there was no recognized therapy many people worldwide used herbs in attempt to help their body overcome the disease., Objective: This study aims to evaluate the use of herbs by patients with COVID-19 in Sudan and tries to identify a possible role in cure or lowering the severity of the illness., Methods: A cross-sectional population-based online survey was done targeting those who experienced COVID-19 among Sudanese through an online internet-based questionnaire distributed on social media platforms (mainly Facebook and WhatsApp). Descriptive statistics used to summarize data and present it as frequency tables and graphs. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association between independent variables (comorbidities and use of herbs) and the outcome variable reflecting the severity of the disease (hospitalization)., Results: A total of 204 responses received from COVID-19 former and active cases. Typical symptoms of the disease were identified: fever (68.1%), cough (52.7%), shortness of breathing (59.3%), sore throat (76.5%), and loss of smelling and/or taste (67.2%). All the respondents reported using traditional herbs or plants for cure with strong statement of their usefulness. Citrus plants such as lemon, orange, and grape fruits, were the commonest, used by 94%, followed by the local herbs, acacia (65%), ginger (56%), baobab fruit (46%), hibiscus (45%), black seed (45%), and cinnamon (17%). Other used plants included onion (29%) and garlic (24%). An adjusted analysis found that obesity was associated with higher hospital admission, while using herbs had no effect on hospital admission., Conclusions: All participants reported the use of herbs for cure beside other treatment. The most commonly used herbs were citrus fruits followed by acacia and ginger and other herbs. All participants stated that herbs were useful for their recovery, however our analysis revealed no significant effect on rate of hospitalization. We recommend further deeper, well-designed study to better assess the effect of herbs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

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Background and aims: Fennel is often advocated for primary dysmenorrhea. Whether this herb has a real effect on pain relief is still a matter of debate in medicine. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This systematic review was conducted on clinical trials (non-randomized, randomized, historical study with concurrent control) published in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ProQuest, and Persian databases (Magiran, IranMedex, SID, Irandoc) regarding the effect of fennel on pain intensity in primary dysmenorrhea from 1990 to 2019. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria. Any clinical trials on young women with primary dysmenorrhea were included in the study. Studies that used fennel plus other products investigated fennel effect on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and bleeding; studies without a control group and nonclinical trials were excluded. In all studies, participants were young female university or high school students. All of them had moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea. Results: In all of the studies except for one, fennel had been more effective than placebo in pain relief (P

There were breast cancer patients who undergo traditional treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the contributing factors in traditional treatment decision making. Five breast cancer patients were recruited from an online survey, cancer community, and traditional treatment clinic. Respondents filled the demographic and clinical characteristic form and also interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The result of this study was most of the respondents put more trust in traditional treatment therapist rather than a doctor. Most of them undergo a traditional treatment because they perceived the benefits of the treatment. A family member suggested they undergo traditional treatment. There were several factors that contributed to participant’s decision to undergo a traditional treatment; ie (1) the view about health care provider, (2) the perceived benefit from the treatment and (3) the source of recommendation about the use of traditional treatment.

Ethanol consumption is a risk factor of male infertility. The use of medicinal plants offers an alternative for the treatment of male infertility in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the Rourea coccinea effect on ethanol‐induced male infertility in Wistar rats. Twenty‐five (25) male Wistar rats were randomised into five groups of five rats and treated by oesophageal gavage over a 28‐day period. Group 1 (negative control) received distilled water; Group 2 (positive control) received 30% ethanol at 7 mg/kg body weight; Group 3 (reference control) received 30% ethanol co‐treated with the reference drug, clomiphene citrate; Groups 4 and 5 (test groups) received 30% ethanol co‐treated with Rourea coccinea hydro‐ethanolic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. Testosterone hormone, sperm parameters and testicular histopathology were evaluated. Ethanol treatment induced a significant reduction (p <.05) in sperm count, motility, viability and a significant increase in sperm abnormalities because of the significant decrease (p <.05) in testosterone levels. These data correlate with the alterations observed in the seminiferous tubule on histopathological examination of the testes. However, co‐treatment of ethanol with Rourea coccinea extract or the reference drug restored the ethanol‐induced toxic effects on the reproductive organs, sperm profile and testosterone level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In traditional medicine garlic is used intensely for it’s antimicrobial, antihypertensive and anti hyperlipidemic etc. effects. For this reasons, use of garlic is common among the public health. In this case we aimed to present a patient with a second degree skin burn because of self applying garlic on his superficial eruptions.

Aim: To investigate different approaches to RA treatment that might lead to greater efficacy and better safety profiles. Methods: The Search strategy was based on medical subject headings, and screening and selection were based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results & discussion: Early therapy is critical for disease control and loss of bodily function. The most promising outcomes came from the development of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Different foods have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities that protect against the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some dietary patterns and supplements have been shown to have potential protective benefits against RA. Conclusion: Improvement in the quality of life of RA patients requires a tailored management approach based on the current patient medical data., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Oncolytic virus therapy has shown benefits for multiple cancers, while limitations remain for traditional treatment. However, few studies have concentrated on comparing whether oncolytic virus combined with traditional treatment is better than traditional treatment alone in patients with cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis of the curative effect and safety of oncolytic virus combination therapy. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases comprehensively for articles comparing oncolytic virus combined with traditional treatment to traditional treatment alone in patients with cancer. A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis were performed. Results: A total of 12 studies involving 1494 patients (combination therapy group, 820 patients; traditional treatment group, 674 patients) were included in the study. Compared with traditional treatment alone, combination therapy was significantly associated with high objective response rate [odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.82, p = 0.04]. There were no significant differences for other outcomes such as 1- and 2-year survival rate, and 4- and 12-month progression-free survival rate. Combination therapy was significantly associated with high incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse effects (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.05, p = 0.02) and high incidence of grade ≥ 3 neutropenia (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.13–2.43, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences for other grade ≥ 3 adverse effects, e.g., gastrointestinal adverse effects, influenza-like illness, fatigue, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Despite partially increased toxicity, the combination therapy improves the effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, high-quality, large-scale studies are needed to evaluate its effectiveness and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of the herbal mixture used in folk medicine for thousands of years against hemorrhoids in aria Turkey, were highlighted in this manuscript. The aim of this study was to determine the In vitro phytochemical and antibacterial activity of traditional hemorrhoid herbal medicine. The results were as expected, it was not surprising, so the information from folk medicine was validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with gallstones, if not treated in time and properly, can lead to complications of nephritis and kidney failure, obstruction of the urinary tract and even fatal. Therefore, we need to have intervention as soon as possible. Using medicine is one of the most commonly used treatments for gallstones today. There are two main types of medicine including western medicine and traditional medicine. Each type will have its own effects, advantages and limitations, patients need to learn carefully before choosing. Treatment of gallstones with Western medicine depends on the size and cause of the stone because there are many different Western medicines to treat gallstones. However, treating gallstones with western drugs has some limitations, that is, the drug easily causes negative side effects for the user, in many cases, allergies after taking the drug, and therefore the patient should only use it when the doctor indicates. In addition, the use of western medicine to treat gallstones is not suitable for people with liver and kidney failure. If used long term, it easily affects the stomach, liver and kidneys. This article uses the method of survey and analysis to point out the effects of folk remedies that are safer, do not cause any side effects, suitable for all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although interest in traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) methods has grown, patients are still reluctant to inform physicians that they employ these. Reasons for the increase in the frequency of TCM methods include interventional procedures being performed less or not at all, and the perception that topical treatment is harmless. The great majority of people who use TCM methods acquire the relevant information from the internet and those around them. Physicians therefore need to be aware of such trends and to protect patients against incorrect use by informing them accordingly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of the use of TCM methods among patients presenting to the dermatology clinic. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting to the dermatology clinic between June 2018-April 2019, aged over 15, and with symptoms persisting for longer than six weeks was included in the study. Disoriented or uncooperative patients were excluded. Patients agreeing to participate read and signed informed consent forms, after which a question and answer type questionnaire was administered to collect data about TCM applications. Results: Six hundred fifty-one patients, 56.9% of whom were women, took part, and 13.3% had used TCM. Herbal remedies were the most frequently employed method at 67.8%, followed by cupping at 16%, leeches at 13.7%, and moxibustion at 2.2%. Frequency of use was 48.2% among women and 51.8% among men, while in terms of age the frequency was highest in the 45-55 age range, and in terms of education use was highest among university graduates. Conclusion: Patients attending for examination should be given information to protect against misuse of TCM methods by inquiring into their attitudes toward them, especially those failing to benefit from the treatment administered or with recurring symptoms. Physicians must be aware of such tendencies on the part of patients and must inform patients about these methods when necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bilateral gangrene usually progress to a systemic infection and death if not treated properly. • The development of bilateral gangrene to acute limb ischemia and eventually leading to auto amputation of both feet in this patient was unusual as she did not receive any medical or surgical interventions. • The rare occurrence of bilateral autoamputation without any underlying vascular or neurological disorders in this patient is likely caused by vasospasm and thrombosis triggered by the herbal treatments, which possibly contain ergot alkaloids, given by the traditional healer. • This phenomenon may play a part in future considerations for performing amputation to patients with possible necrotizing fasciitis. Bilateral gangrene of both legs in a child is a rare condition which may lead to sepsis when improperly treated. In certain rare cases, autoamputation may occur instead. We report a case of bilateral symmetrical autoamputation of the feet following necrotizing fasciitis after a fall injury which was treated with herbal medicine in a five-year-old child. A five-year-old girl fell from a bicycle and was treated by a traditional healer by wrapping her legs with herbs and leaves. Within 24 h, the skin of both lower limbs darkened. Her vital signs show tachycardia and fever. Physical examination revealed bluish black sharp discoloration of both her lower extremities. On the 3rd day of systemic antibiotic administration, her feet, distal portion of both legs, and part of the thighs darkened progressively. The parents refused any additional intervention due to financial constraints and went back to the traditional healer. A month later, the patient returned to the hospital with both lower extremities autoamputated. The parents denied further treatment. Two months later, the patient was admitted to receive prostheses funded by the city council. Debridement of necrotic bone and soft tissue and skin grafting was performed. In the present day, the patient is in a healthy condition. The rare occurrence of bilateral autoamputation without any underlying vascular or neurological disorders in this patient is likely caused by vasospasm and thrombosis induced by the herbal treatments which prevent the systemic spread of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of gastric cancer in East Asia is much higher than the international average. Therefore, improving the prognosis of patients and establishing effective clinical pathways are important topics for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. At present, the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway is widely used in the field of gastric surgery. Many randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies have proven that the ERAS regimen can improve the short-term clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. However, a prospective study on the effect of the ERAS pathway on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer has not yet been reported. This trial aims to confirm whether the ERAS pathway can improve the disease-free survival and overall survival of patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted radical resection for distal gastric cancer.Methods/design: This study is a prospective, multicentre RCT. This experiment will consist of two groups - an experimental group and a control group - randomly divided in a 1:1 ratio. The perioperative period of the experimental group will be managed according to the ERAS pathway and that of the control group will be managed according to the traditional management mode. An estimated 400 patients will be enrolled. The main endpoint for comparison is the 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival between the two groups.Discussion: The results of this RCT should clarify whether the ERAS pathway is superior to traditional treatment on inflammatory indexes, short-term clinical outcome and survival for laparoscopic-assisted radical resection of distal gastric cancer. It is hoped that our data will provide evidence that the ERAS pathway improves survival in patients with gastric cancer.Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, CHiCTR1900022438. Registered on 11 April 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: There are various misconception are present in society about variety of diseases. This study was undertaken to determine the current misconception prevailing in society, community regarding people with epilepsy (PWE) and traditional treatment practices. Aims: To determine the misconception and traditional treatment practices regarding epilepsy present in society Method: Researcher collected data from 54 parents of epileptic patients who visited the outpatient clinic of selected hospital of Gujarat. The data were collected by using questionnaire. Results: Over all it was observed that still people have various misconception towards epilepsy. The social acceptance of epileptic patient is also major challenge in some of the society. Conclusions: A suitable educational intervention programs has to plan to prevent social stigma about epilepsy. Awareness is required among community people that epilepsy can be treated by using antiepileptic drug and other medial measures. People believe medication has poor recovery rate so some time traditional practices having good result in recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With this study, it was aimed to determine some plants used in the traditional treatment of diseases by local people in Çorum and to determine their purpose of use and how they are used. To determine this, totally 45 people were interviewed face to face Derinöz, Ağaççamı, Şaphane villages at Oğuzlar province, Kuyucak village at Sidings province, Kutluözü village at Iskilip province, Durucasu and Güvercinlik villages at Osmancık province, in Çorum city. The people, who participated in the survey, were asked to show the plants used in traditional treatment of diseases at the territory; for which diseases and how they are used. Field studies includes June- October months of the year 2016. As a result of this study, 14 families and 18 taxa data are summarized. These are; Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnaceae), Equisetum ramosissimum (Equisetaceae), Carlina oligocephala var. oligocephala (Asteraceae), Chondrilla juncea (Asteraceae), Aesculus hippocastanum (Sapindaceae), Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae), Pyrus elaeagnifolia (Rosaceae), Rubus canescens var. canescens (Rosaceae), Pinus nigra (Pinaceae), Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae), Astragalus sp. (Fabaceae), Colutea cilicica (Fabaceae), Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae), Allium cepa (Amaryllidaceae), Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae), Quercus robur (Fagaceae).

Nowadays, people are increasingly looking for traditional remedies to treat the disease with the desire to reduce the harmful side effects caused by the body in modern medicines. For scalp inflammation, many people wonder about this cure with oriental medicine. This is a skin disease that causes a lot of troubles in life, so learning about information and how to treat scalp inflammation is something that almost everyone should know. Despite this, the patient can still completely reduce the symptoms, restore skin and enhance resistance against recurrent illness in the long run. One of the fastest ways to treat seborrheic dermatitis is to apply Western medicine products including topical creams and oral medications. Each treatment has its advantages and disadvantages. However, herbs which are being used by traditional medications in general and phyllanthus urinaria L., in specific always show their very special role in the treatment of disease. This article focuses on the use of natural herbs to bring a better life for patients, help them have a better skin, a pleasant spirit. This research paper was written in order to mention some effective solutions to make our life a better place and to contribute to the development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine medicinal plant use habits of the people living in Ordu province of Turkey. A survey was conducted in 2017. A questionnaire was made with randomly selected 310 people living in city center and surrounding towns with face-to-face meetings. Present findings revealed that individuals mostly used medicinal plants occasionally (79.1%), they mostly bought medicinal plants from herbalists (69.7%), they learned about the use of medicinal plants in disease treatment from elderly (79.75) and media news increased the interest in medicinal plants (67.1%). Mint, linden, garlic, parsley, thyme and sage tea were the most common medicinal plants used in herbal drugs. Participants indicated that they usually went to the doctor when they got sick (65.8%); they used medicinal plants in treatment of chronic diseases (76.8%); they used medicinal plants supplementary to prescribed medication (62.6%); they had partial knowledge about the side effects of the medicinal plants (43.8%); they think medicinal plant were beneficial in disease treatment (55.2%); they tended to medicinal plants in treatment of some diseases without using synthetic drugs (55.2%) and they recommended the use of medicinal plants to surrounding people (63,9%). Medicinal plants were mostly used in treatment of common cold, digestive system diseases, stress/nervousness and rheumatism/joint diseases. Almost all of the participants were using infusion (brewing) method while preparing herbal drugs (100%), they usually used glass and porcelain material while preparing herbal drugs (50.7%). Majority of the participants were not using any materials to sweeten herbal drugs (35.5%), they usually preserved medicinal plants in kitchen cabinets (63.5%) and in glass jars (56.5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Icterus / Jaundice is a type of gastrointestinal and abdominal disorder that is associated with a change in color and yellowish of the patient's skin and eyes. In terms of traditional Iranian medicine, jaundice is a liver dysfunction and a type of biliary atashi disease, which ancient physicians described as a yellowish or black coloration of the body. The disease is treated among different ethnic groups in Iran in various traditional ways (both herbal and non- herbal). The purpose of this study was to find out the therapeutic methods of Icterus disease that has been used in the northern and southern regions of Iran (West Azarbaijan and Hormozgan). The research also seeks to examine the traditional way of treating the disease in the two mentioned regions using fieldwork and documentation methods in a comparative perspective. Materials and Methods: The data of the present research is the result of anthropological researches based on fieldwork (in-depth interview and observation technique) and documentary based and library research methods. To collect these data, all of the field study, documentary based and library research methods have been used. Interview with the fishermen as indigenous people has been one of these methods. Results: Since ancient times, traditional treatment of diseases has been one of the most well-known methods of treatment in different ethnic cultures. Considering the extent, richness and cultural-ethnic diversity of Iran, treatment with this method has a special place. In general, along with the use of various medicinal species such as jaru, yellow Watermelon, bulagh uti, camel's thorn fruit and some other herbal species, methods such as scarifying, using a yellow bead, cauterizing, giving the patient live fish, using mineral water, and use of certain products derived from several types of fish (Gin, Parrot fish etc.) as tan shuye (body cleaner), were considered the most common treatments for jaundice in both regions. Conclusion: A wide variety of therapeutic methods, herbs (botanical / herbal medicine), marine products and healing rituals has been recorded in both geographic regions. Various methods found in traditional medicine of a region are also found in other areas with many similarities. A study on traditional medicine can identify these methods, exchanges and cultural effects among people living in the region and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The middle of the 20th century has often been described as a golden age of scientific advancement and miraculous medical breakthroughs. In spite of a lot of awareness and many health education programs, still some traditional treatment exists in many places in our country including Central India. In some villages of Madhya Pradesh, many horrifying therapies such as iron rods branding are well known for a few common diseases such as ascites, headache, pneumonia, common cold, or hernia. Bruise marks can be seen on the bodies of a majority of villagers. Main reasons behind such therapy are lack of money for medical treatment, lack of medical facilities, and the unwillingness of medical officers to stay in small villages. Besides this, illiteracy compels them to follow old customs and practices. All these strengthen the faith of villagers in such treatments. It is all due to lack of education and proper awareness. Many female patients come to hospital with complications of iron rods branding suggest that despite being educated, strong cultural beliefs forces people to undergo branding as a treatment of many common diseases in India even in the 21st century. Aims and Objectives: To study the reasons and complications of hot iron branding. Materials and Methods: Sample size was 30. Thirty patients with old, healed (within 1 year), or recent scars of iron branding were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for the sociodemographic details and the information of underlying disease, pattern of lesions, and complications of branding. Results: Hot iron branding is still carrying on as traditional treatment in Central India. It is commonly seen in females of age 20–50 years. It is mostly found in illiterate patients of low socioeconomic status who have chronic disease and chronic pain. Conclusion: Skin branding which still has therapeutic uses in some cultural societies have severe medical complications in Central India.

Due to its geographic location, variable climate and traditional culture, Turkey has a rich flora and the use of plants in folk medicine is very favorable. That practice and knowledge have been passed down from generation to generation. Ethnobotanical surveys are carried out to record traditional treatment methods of plants. In this study, which was prepared by screening of ethnobotanical researches made in Turkey, 241 taxa were recorded in the traditional treatment of hemorrhoids. Information about scientific and local names, families, used parts and usage patterns of these plants are given. According to the research results, the most commonly used plants in hemorrhoid treatment are plants belonging to Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Araceae, Polygonaceae and Cupressaceae families. The species commonly used in different regions of Turkey are Achillea sp., Arum sp., Cichorium intybus L., Dracunculus vulgaris Schott, Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich., Ficus carica L., Hypericum perforatum L., H. scabrum L., Juglans regia L., Peganum harmala L., Rosa canina L., Rubus sp., Sambucus ebulus L., S. nigra L., Teucrium polium L., Urtica dioica L., Verbascum sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many plants used by the public in the treatment of various diseases in Turkey. The folk remedies prepared with these plants from which treatment and how they used have been reached to day-to-day by transferring the generations. The traditional treatment methods are recorded by ethnobotanical researches and it is aimed to contribute to drug development studies. In this study, which was prepared by screening of ethnobotanical researches, 72 taxa which used in traditional treatment against rheumatic pain in Turkey are reached and the scientific and local names, families, used parts of these taxa and the use forms in rheumatic pain were compiled. According to the research done, families that are commonly used for rheumatic pain are Ranunculaceae (8 taxa), Asteraceae (5 taxa), Brassicaceae (5 taxa), Lamiaceae (5 taxa), Apiaceae (4 taxa) and Liliaceae (4 taxa). The plants used for rheumatic pain contain analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and rubefian compounds. Rubefian compound containing species are applied externally to the rheumatoid region and act by increasing the blood supply of the region. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic active species are used in the form of decoction / infusion both internally and externally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of traditional healers in the community remains an issue of debate as they have a role in the community that could not be neglected. Traditional medicine can be a barrier for early intervention and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Aim: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that aims to evaluate the attitude of patients toward traditional healing in Khartoum teaching hospital in Sudan. Method: Patients who attended the outpatient clinic were asked about previous history of seeking treatment from traditional healers. A specific questionnaire was introduced to participants. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data variables, and tabulated tables were used to calculate chi-square test for categorical data and the significance was set at p < .05. Results: From a total of 131 subjects, there were 111 (84%) of patients who reported previous history of seeking traditional treatment for psychiatric illness. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of psychiatric diagnosis (p = .559) or sociodemographic characteristics including age (p = .740), gender (p = .469) and educational level (p = .226). The decision of seeking traditional treatment was mostly taken by families and the patients took the decision in only 27% of cases. The majority of participants (55.9%) believe that their psychiatric symptoms are due to evil eye, and 20.7% believe that the symptoms are due to magic. The type of traditional treatment was significantly related to gender (p = .003) but not related to level of education (p = .137). Conclusion: The vast majority of psychiatric patients have history of receiving traditional healing, and the decisions regarding treatment are taken by family in most of the cases. Further research is needed to evaluate future projects of providing psychoeducation to the community and to invite traditional healers to participate in channels of referral for cases that need early intervention with psychotropic medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]