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A global transition to low-carbon, resource-efficient economies is occurring in response to risks posed by climate change and environmental degradation. Hydrogen is proposed as a zero-carbon substitute for natural gas with the potential to reduce carbon emissions in homes and businesses. Trades, including gasfitting, will be affected by the transition to a low-carbon economy and require upskilling to develop competencies to work with hydrogen to ensure safety and support domestic uptake. Understanding the training needs of trades practitioners is essential to the successful transition to a zero-carbon economy. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of Australian gasfitters, exploring what motivates gasfitters to participate in training, what informs their ongoing learning and what their preferences are for hydrogen training. Most gasfitters are either self-employed or work in small businesses, and, as such, this context presents both challenges and opportunities to consider in upskilling strategies. Drawing on interview findings and literature on small business learning, the paper presents considerations to inform training approaches and policies in the transition to hydrogen and also, more broadly, for upskilling other small trade businesses similarly affected by a shift to low-carbon and green technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While most industry sectors in the Australian workforce have consistently improved regarding the participation of women, the construction industry remains an exception. Despite multiple gender equality initiatives and regulations at all levels of the Australian Government, the proportion of women employed in the construction industry has steadily declined. In 2020, only 1% of the trades and technician positions in the Australian construction industry were filled by women. In this qualitative study, interviews were undertaken with 43 women working in trades and semi-skilled roles to identify the varying types of gender biases experienced by women and the resultant harms that these biases create. Biases consisted of challenges to credibility; characteristics of the work environment comprising support, amenities, conditions of employment, career development, and access to meaningful work; gender stereotypes about women's work roles; and objectification. Each of these biases has a cumulative impact on women, leading to systemic and structural discrimination. The implications and suggestions for strategies to address biases are discussed, including the need for structural interventions to create epistemic justice and recognition for women working in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservar Património is the property of Associacao Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Standard and Poor's Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) are traded like a stock to track the performance of S&P 500 index, and there exists contemporaneous trading of S&P 500 index futures to track the same index portfolio. The basis reveals the instantaneous price difference of the S&P 500 index portfolio observed in index futures and SPDRs. This study finds that the basis conveys more information than trades for the intraday quote price revisions in the SPDRs, and our findings are consistent with a price revision process that the basis transmits innovative information from futures prices and induces permanent price changes in the SPDRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Povijesni Prilozi is the property of Croatian Institute of History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two proper edge-colorings of a graph G are mate-colorings if and only if every vertex of G is incident to the same set of colors under each edge-coloring while each edge receives a different color under each edge-coloring. The color-trade-spectrum of a graph G is the set of all t for which there exist two mate-colorings of G using t colors. We present techniques for expanding the known color-trade-spectrum of a graph, along with a way to determine if two edge-colorings form a color trade. We also fully determine the color-trade-spectrum of several families of graphs, including n -cubes and complete bipartite graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While most industry sectors in the Australian workforce have consistently improved regarding the participation of women, the construction industry remains an exception. Despite multiple gender equality initiatives and regulations at all levels of the Australian Government, the proportion of women employed in the construction industry has steadily declined. In 2020, only 1% of the trades and technician positions in the Australian construction industry were filled by women. In this qualitative study, interviews were undertaken with 43 women working in trades and semi-skilled roles to identify the varying types of gender biases experienced by women and the resultant harms that these biases create. Biases consisted of challenges to credibility; characteristics of the work environment comprising support, amenities, conditions of employment, career development, and access to meaningful work; gender stereotypes about women’s work roles; and objectification. Each of these biases has a cumulative impact on women, leading to systemic and structural discrimination. The implications and suggestions for strategies to address biases are discussed, including the need for structural interventions to create epistemic justice and recognition for women working in construction.

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TUBA-KED: Turkish Academy of Sciences, Journal of Cultural Inventory is the property of Turkish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A simple (2 , 3 , v) trade is a pair (T 0 , T 1) of disjoint sets of 3 -subsets (blocks) of a v -set such that any two elements meet the same number of times in the blocks of T 0 and the blocks of T 1 . The size of T 0 equals the size of T 1 and is called the volume of the trade. In this paper, for v = 4 n + 2 , we introduce a new partitioning of the set of all 3-subsets of a v-set into the trades of volume 4 , 6 , and 8 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides new evidence on the early career earnings of Canadians who obtain a trade certificate. The analysis uses comprehensive national level administrative data on individuals who received a trade certificate between 2008 and 2016 linked to their tax information at Statistics Canada in order to link earnings to their individual characteristics and details related to their certification. In this paper we track their yearly employment earnings from their first full year following certification onward, to a maximum of 9 years. Overall, journeypersons in nationally accredited Red Seal trades earn more than those in non-Red Seal trades, those in Mechanical and Electrical trades earn the most, and journeywomen earn only 47% of what journeymen do overall, largely driven by their being concentrated in a relatively narrow set of low-paying trades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Rouen, the apprenticeship contracts seem to be scarce in the registers of the notaries (tabellion), because of archival losses after 1421. However, the frequency of their registration suffices to gather a corpus as significant as in other cities. Nonetheless, the comparison with the archives of the commune of Rouen and of the plumbers-pewterers suggests that ordinary apprenticeship contracts were not written down and registered. The study of the form of the contracts separates the stereotyped phrases from the singular motives that led to draw up a notarial deed. Independently from craft guilds, the parties, especially orphans or adult apprentices, resorted to written agreements to make sure that their obligations were reciprocal or that financially substantial and/or long term commitments were honoured.

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Skilled, interdisciplinary professionals rely upon research and information sharing to remain knowledgeable. The management of the urban forest is an ever-evolving discipline, and updates to standards, best practices, and techniques occur frequently. Despite the volume of new research published in the complementary fields of arboriculture and urban forestry, little is known about knowledge translation within these two disciplines. Through a survey of 1088 Canadian and American arborists and urban foresters, this study found that both lateral (i.e., peer-to-peer) and vertical (e.g., mentorship) information sources are used in arboriculture and urban forestry. Arborists and urban foresters commonly rely upon discussions with other professionals (n=445, 41.1%), attending conferences and trade shows (n=431, 39.8%), and social media groups (n=414, 38.2%) and posts (n=392, 36.2%). There was comparatively less use of trade magazines, peer-reviewed journals, webinars, and teaching/training by instructors. The pandemic-associated popularization of virtual conferences made for more accessible and flexible learning environments for respondents but was critiqued for its poor networking potential and challenges for neurodivergent learners. Paywalls posed a challenge in accessing published literature with some respondents ignoring literature if it is behind a paywall. This research advances our understanding of the opportunities and challenges for knowledge translation in skilled professions. • Skilled professionals rely on formal and informal sources of information. • Information is commonly shared through discussions, conference attendance, and social media. • Trade magazines, peer-reviewed journals, and formal instruction are less commonly used. • Virtual conferences are more accessible and flexible for skilled professionals. • Paywalls restrict journal use and is overcome by ignoring published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Together with the high late medieval nobility, we find middle and lower nobles without titles who support high noblemen in the defence of their interests and are under their authority. this article focuses almost exclusively on the participation of this middle and lower Castilian nobility in three fields. the first one, in the military activities against the Nasrid kingdom and in the aragón Crown; the second, the nobility presence in the military Orders and the third one, in the governance of cities and towns. their participation in these three aspects was essential for the objectives of the monarchy, the high nobility and their own.

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We model the tax drag from active fund management based on reported monthly holdings of active equity funds. Tax drag erodes 65 percent of the 0.74 percent excess return in Broad Market funds, but only 21 percent of the 1.80 percent excess return in Small‐Cap funds for Australian superannuation (pension) fund investors. Tax drag varies with investment style; market state, which is most detrimental during bull markets; and fund turnover. For high‐income individual investors, tax drag is exacerbated to the extent that active management only generates meaningful after‐tax excess return for Small‐Cap funds of certain styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]