Search

Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of medicinal plants for treating various diseases dates back thousands of years and has been a part of many cultures around the world. Various parts of plants, including roots, leaves, and flowers, and their extracts have been used to develop remedies to cure different ailments like fever, pain, inflammation, infections, among others. In this research, the aerial parts of both Salvia varieties were extracted with ethanol and water to obtain infusion and decoction, separately. S. sericeotomentosa var. hatayica Celep & Doğan (SH) and Salvia sericeotomentosa Rech. f. var. sericeotomentosa (ST) plants were chemically analyzed for polar compounds using LC-HRMS for the first time. All SH and ST extracts were found to be very rich in rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, hispidulin-7-Oglucoside, and caffeic acid. The study also investigated the antiinflammatory and carbonic anhydrase inhibition properties of the most abundant secondary metabolites extracted from SH and ST. In silico studies were conducted for the first time to explore the effects of these metabolites on TNF-α, iNOS, and human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCAI and hCAII). Salvianolic acid B should be considered a strong antiinflammatory agent and a carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitors due to low binding energy scores with the tested enzymes (TNF-α: -12.391 kcal/mol), (iNOS: -7.547 kcal/mol), (hCAI: -7.877 kcal/mol), and (hCAII: -4.312 kcal/mol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In order to obtain small and homogenous liposomes encapsulating gallic acid (GA) with interdigitated leaflets, a combination of phosphatidylcholine (PC) of medium length sn‐1 and sn‐2 acyl chains with PC of longer acyl chains at both sn1 and sn2 positions were employed. Four formulations respectively consisting of 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DSPC); DSPC/1,2‐dilauroyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DSPC/DLPC) (1:1, mol mol−1); DSPC/DLPC (3:1, mol mol−1) and Lipoid S75, were prepared. For each formulation, the stability of liposomes during storage was investigated. RESULTS: The initial size of liposomes ranged from 36.61 ± 0.61 to 125.43 ± 2.15 nm and their polydispersity index (PDI) from 0.14 ± 0.01 to 0.28 ± 0.01. The formulations combining DSPC and DLPC resulted in very stable liposomes physically, during up to 84 days of storage with no significant change in both size and PDI except a slight increase in the size at the 42nd day. The molecular state of the bilayers and their thermal behavior as given by FTIR and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results supported the hypothesis of an interdigitated state of the liposomes formed by DSPC/DLPC combination at a molar ratio of 3:1. CONCLUSION: Interdigitated liposomes composed of two symmetric phospholipids (DSPC and DLPC) were obtained for the first time and exhibited a good stability during storage in solution. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teucrium species have been used in folk medicine as antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, and antibacterial agents. We have explored in vitro antidiabetic impacts of 2 natural diterpenoids, alysine A and alysine B, isolated from Teucrium alyssifolium. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay, glucose uptake test, glucose utilization (glycogen content) test, glucose transport test, glucose absorption (α-glucosidase activity) test, insulin secretion test, RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis assay, qPCR quantification assays, and statistical analyses were carried out in the present study. Alysine A exerted the following effects at non-cytotoxic doses: • Enhanced the glucose uptake, as much as the insulin in the C2C12, HepG2, and 3T3-L1 cells • Increased the glycogen content in the C2C12 and HepG2 liver cells, significantly higher than the insulin and metformin • Suppressed the alpha-glucosidase and the GLUT2 expression levels in the Caco-2 cells • Suppressed the SGLT1 and GLUT1-5 expression levels in the Caco-2 cells • Induced the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1 and GLUT2 expression levels of the BTC6 pancreatic cells • Induced the insulin receptor (INSR), IRS2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), GLUT4, and protein kinase (PK) expression levels of the 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells • Increased glucose transport through the Caco-2 cell layer • Did not influence insulin secretion in the pancreatic BTC6 cells Consequently, these data strongly emphasized the antidiabetic action of alysine A on the particularly critical model mechanisms that assume a part in glucose homeostasis, such as glucose uptake, utilization, and storage. Moreover, the expression level of the essential genes in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling was altered in a way that the results would be antihyperglycemic. A blend of in vitro and in situ tests affirmed the antihyperglycemic action of alysine A and its mechanism. Alysine A has exercised significant and positive results on the glucose homeostasis; thus, it is a natural and pleiotropic antidiabetic agent. Advanced in vivo studies are required to clarify the impact of this compound on glucose homeostasis completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]