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Purpose: To study the therapeutic effect of hemagglutinin-2 and fimbrial (HA2-FimA) vaccine on experimental periodontitis in rats. Materials and Methods: The first batch of rats was divided into two groups and immunised with pure water or pVAX1-HA2- FimA at the age of 6, 7, and 9 weeks. After sacrificing the animals, total RNA was extracted from the spleens for RNA high-throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. The second batch of rats was divided into four groups (A, B, C, D), and an experimental periodontitis rat model was established by suturing silk thread around the maxillary second molars of rats in groups B, C, and D for 4 weeks. The rats were immunised with pure water, pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine, empty pVAX1 vector, and pure water at 10, 11, and 13 weeks of age, respectively. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) levels in saliva were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All rats were euthanised at 17 weeks of age, and alveolar bone loss was examined using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Results: Through sequencing analysis, six key genes, including Camp, were identified. Compared with the other three groups, the rats in the periodontitis+pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine group showed higher levels of SIgA and CAMP (p < 0.05). MicroCT results showed significantly less alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis+pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine group compared to the periodontitis+pVAX1 group and periodontitis+pure water group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HA2-FimA DNA vaccine can increase the levels of SIgA and CAMP in the saliva of experimental periodontitis model rats and reduce alveolar bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to assess the awareness and acceptance of preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment among Saudi perents. Methods: The study used a 29-question questionnaire, covering parents' demographic data, parents' awareness of malocclusion and habits, and parents' acceptance of treatment. It included visuals of different malocclusions, normal occlusion, and specific habits. Results: Parents mostly recognized single anterior tooth crossbite (95.78%) as a problem that need early intervention, followed by skeletal Class II (94.16%) and severe lower incisor crowding (93.51%). Regarding oral habits, parents were most aware of thumb sucking (91.03%), followed by tongue thrusting (84.22%). Ninety seven percent of participating parents expressed high acceptance of early orthodontic intervention, mostly to avoid more complicated treatment or surgery. However, a few parents refused early treatment, mainly because they preferred to wait until the eruption of all permanent teeth. Conclusions: The majority of parents demonstrated a high level of awareness and willingness to pursue early treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth eruption as a crucial part in tooth development and regeneration is accompanied by ongoing osteogenesis and osteoclast activity. The dental follicle (DF) surrounding the developing tooth harbors dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) which play a crucial role in maintaining bone remodeling. However, the mechanisms through which they regulate the balance between osteogenesis and osteoclast activity during tooth eruption remain poorly understood. Notably, extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bone homeostasis are considered essential. Our study revealed that the DFSCs could modulate tooth eruption by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation via EVs. Further investigation showed that EVs from DFSCs could inhibit osteoclast differentiation through the ANXA1-PPARγ-CEBPα pathway. Animal experiments indicated that EVs from DFSCs and the cargo ANXA1 affected tooth eruption. In summary, this study suggests the critical role of the dental follicle in tooth eruption through EVs, which may provide therapeutic targets for abnormal tooth eruption and effective approaches for the eruption of regenerated teeth. DFSCs regulate tooth eruption by releasing extracellular vesicles. During tooth eruption, dental follicle stem cells inhibit osteoclast differentiation by releasing extracellular vesicles containing ANXA1 and its mediated PPARγ-CEBPα pathway, thereby preventing premature tooth eruption. The elucidation of this mechanism is crucial for understanding and treating abnormal tooth eruption diseases and the eruption process of tooth regeneration. (Image created with BioRender.com, with permission). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammation in the periapical area of primary teeth can affect the development and eruption of permanent teeth. In an asymptomatic course, they are detected accidentally during routine examinations. In such cases, they often reach significant dimensions and cause irreversible changes. Methods: This report presents the case of a 9-year-old boy with a radicular cyst in the mandible, resulting in the displacement of both premolar tooth buds. To address the inflammation, facilitate the proper eruption of the impacted teeth, and prevent adjacent teeth from shifting, the primary molars were extracted. Marsupialization was performed under general anesthesia, followed by the fabrication and placement of an obturator. Results: Two months after treatment, the displaced tooth buds began aligning along the natural eruption pathway. By the 8-month follow-up, the premolars had successfully erupted into their proper positions in the oral cavity. Conclusions: Marsupialization combined with the use of an obturator is an effective first-line treatment for radicular cysts in pediatric patients, offering a conservative approach that promotes natural tooth eruption while preserving the surrounding dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To develop a reproducible, reliable clinical index of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) outcome based on the eruption position of the cleft canine tooth and determine the association between eruption position and radiographic outcome at 6 months post-grafting. Methods Children with complete, non-syndromic, unilateral/bilateral cleft lip and palate in the West of Scotland were identified. Post-ABG radiographic outcome (Kindelan index) and canine eruption position in children with a cleft of the alveolus who had undergone ABG were documented. A Kindelan score was assigned to the 6-month post-bone-graft radiograph. Following canine tooth eruption, four-point clinical index scale (CIS) scores were assigned to maxillary occlusal images taken prior to commencement of definitive orthodontics; 1—canine eruption in alveolar crest, 2—canine eruption buccal to alveolar crest, 3—canine eruption palatal to alveolar crest, and 4—canine impaction. Intra and inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen and Fleiss kappa's, respectively. Duration of orthodontics treatment, number of orthodontic clinic visits, and clinical management of the cleft site space were noted. Results Eighty-three patients representing 98 bone graft sites were identified. CIS scoring intra- and inter-rater reliability was 0.69–0.99 and 0.63–0.75, respectively. CIS score was associated with reduced visits (P  = .015), months in orthodontics (P  = .009), and likelihood of space closure (P  = .006). Limitations This is a retrospective study with small numbers but is comparative to other similar studies in the literature. Conclusions The CIS presented appears to be a reliable index of ABG outcome. It also demonstrates an association with the burden of orthodontic care post-cleft alveolar bone graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of ChatGPT in the field of health has recently gained popularity. In the field of dentistry, ChatGPT can provide services in areas such as, dental education and patient education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality, readability and originality of pediatric patient/parent information and academic content produced by ChatGPT in the field of pediatric dentistry. Methods: A total of 60 questions were asked to ChatGPT for each topic (dental trauma, fluoride, and tooth eruption/oral health) consisting of pediatric patient/parent questions and academic questions. The modified Global Quality Scale (the scoring ranges from 1: poor quality to 5: excellent quality) was used to evaluate the quality of the answers and Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level were used to evaluate the readability. A similarity index was used to compare the quantitative similarity of the answers given by the software with the guidelines and academic references in different databases. Results: The evaluation of answers quality revealed an average score of 4.3 ± 0.7 for pediatric patient/parent questions and 3.7 ± 0.8 for academic questions, indicating a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Academic questions regarding dental trauma received the lowest scores (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in readability and similarity between ChatGPT answers for different question groups and topics (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In pediatric dentistry, ChatGPT provides quality information to patients/parents. ChatGPT, which is difficult to readability for patients/parents and offers an acceptable similarity rate, needs to be improved in order to interact with people more efficiently and fluently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short stature, joint hyperextension, ocular hypotension, Rieger abnormalities, and delayed tooth eruption (SHORT) syndrom is a rare primary autosomal dominant genetic disorder mainly caused by pathogenic loss-of-function variants in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) gene. We report the case of a Chinese adult female patient with SHORT syndrome, carrying a PIK3R1 gene variant (c.1945C > T), who developed abnormal glucose metabolism and severe postprandial insulin resistance over 9 years. Although there are currently no established treatment guidelines for insulin resistance in patients with SHORT syndrome, we implemented a comprehensive treatment plan, including lifestyle interventions, metformin, and voglibose for glucose control. After 6 months of continuous observation, the patient's blood glucose levels and insulin resistance improved significantly. This case study provides useful insights for future treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS, OMIM:602482) is a genetic disease characterized by ocular and systemic features. Clinical features of ARS are highly variable among patients and associated with mutations of human PITX2 and FOXC1 genes. Herein, we present an ARS in two cases (proband and his mother) with a novel variant in the PITX2. Methods: A 3-month-old boy was admitted with an abnormal eye development at birth. Physical examination and ophthalmologic examination findings revealed an abnormal development of the anterior segments, ectropion of redundant skin in the umbilicus, single-sided deafness, teeth eruption failure, patent foramen ovale, and a mid-facial flattening. The proband's mother has been blind since the age of 12. We conducted genetic tests for the family via whole exome sequencing (WES) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to identify the genetic etiology in the family. We also conducted a retrospective review of the ARS type I phenotype caused by the PITX2 mutations. Results: WES and qPCR results of the proband and his parents suggested that both the child and his mother carry a 1.31kbp deletion (chr4: g.111538559_111539864del [GRCh37]) spanned the exon 4 of PITX2, resulting in the typical and rare phenotype of ARS type I. It can conclude that truncating variants in the exon 3-4 of PITX2 are the more common mechanism to cause the malfunction of the gene with a broader phenotypic spectrum. Conclusion: The study has filled in a new clinical manifestation of the PITX2 and enriched the phenotype of ARS. The retrospective analysis of phenotype of PITX2 mutations provided a comprehensive understanding of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe for the first time a finding of fetal maceration in a wild Iberian hind (Cervus elaphus hispanicus, Erxleben, 1777). Fetal maceration seems to occur in fetuses that have died and have not been expelled due to insufficient dilation of the cervix, but which allows the penetration and ascent of germs through the birth canal. It can occur at any stage of gestation, although it is more common in mid to late gestation. In our case, the stage of development and skeleton ossification and the degree of eruption of the premolar teeth of the mandible allow us to infer that the death of the fetus and the process of maceration occurred from the end of gestation. This discovery occurred during the butchering of a female hunted as part of the management programme to reduce the abundance of the population in Quintos de Mora, Spain. Although the female was in good body condition, she was selected because she had no calf and had an aged appearance. We describe the case in detail and draw attention to the interest of recording the rates of pregnancy losses and abortions in studies of fitness and population dynamics in wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Order Pyrotheria is one of the most bizarre and least-known groups of South American native ungulates, and its biochron extends from the early? Eocene to the late Oligocene. The emblematic genus of this order is Pyrotherium, which is known by several maxillae, mandibles, and postcranial bones of adult individuals. In this paper, we describe the most complete juvenile mandible of Pyrotherium found to date, MPEF-PV 2581, which bears dp3–m1 and alveoli of di1–di2. The study of this specimen, re-study of previously published specimens (MACN-A 52-290 and MNHN-F-DES 104), and study of unpublished deciduous upper and lower cheek teeth from several collections allows us to designate MLP-PV 13-3 as the lectotype of P. romeroi, to establish dental age stages for Pyrotherium, to differentiate two juvenile stages (early and late), and to define differences between deciduous and permanent upper premolars. Our observations show that adult individuals of Pyrotherium have a narrower and posteriorly expanded mandible (due to the increase in the size of the tusk-like teeth) and a straighter mandibular incisura. We also observe that di1, di2, and dp2 are present in juveniles but not in adults, except for the i2. X-ray imaging suggests that delayed dental eruption is not present in the juvenile mandible, whereas cheek tooth wear suggests an anteroposterior eruption sequence in p3 through m3. This work adds new information about the dental age stages of Pyrotherium and proposes the following modified deciduous dental formula: dI ?/2, dC ?/0, dP 3/3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental eruption is part of a set of children´s somatic growth phenomena. The worldwide accepted human dental eruption chronology is still based on a small sample of European children. However, evidence points to some population variations with the eruption at least two months later in low-income countries, and local standards may be useful. So, this study aimed to predict deciduous teeth eruption from 12 months of age in a Brazilian infant population. Methods: We developed a cross-sectional study nested in four prospective cohorts – the Brazilian Ribeirão Preto and São Luís Cohort Study (BRISA) – in a sample of 3,733 children aged 12 to 36 months old, corrected by gestational age. We made a reference curve with the number of teeth erupted by age using the Generalized Additive Models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) technique. The explanatory variable was the corrected children´s age. The dependent variable was the number of erupted teeth, by gender, evaluated according to some different outcome distributional forms. The generalized Akaike information criterion (GAIC) and the model residuals were used as the model selection criterion. Results: The Box-Cox Power Exponential method was the GAMLSS model with better-fit indexes. Our estimation curve was able to predict the number of erupted deciduous teeth by age, similar to the real values, in addition to describing the evolution of children's development, with comparative patterns. There was no difference in the mean number of erupted teeth between the sexes. According to the reference curve, at 12 months old, 25% of children had four erupted teeth or less, while 75% had seven or fewer and 95% had 11 or fewer. At 24 months old, 5% had less than 12, and 75% had 18 or more. At 36 months old, around 50% of the population had deciduous dentition completed (20 teeth). Conclusion: The adjusted age was an important predictor of the number of erupted deciduous teeth. This outcome can be a variable incorporated into children's growth and development curves, such as weight and height curves for age to help dentists and physicians in the monitoring the children's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The use of ChatGPT in the field of health has recently gained popularity. In the field of dentistry, ChatGPT can provide services in areas such as, dental education and patient education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality, readability and originality of pediatric patient/parent information and academic content produced by ChatGPT in the field of pediatric dentistry. Methods A total of 60 questions were asked to ChatGPT for each topic (dental trauma, fluoride, and tooth eruption/oral health) consisting of pediatric patient/parent questions and academic questions. The modified Global Quality Scale (the scoring ranges from 1: poor quality to 5: excellent quality) was used to evaluate the quality of the answers and Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level were used to evaluate the readability. A similarity index was used to compare the quantitative similarity of the answers given by the software with the guidelines and academic references in different databases. Results The evaluation of answers quality revealed an average score of 4.3 ± 0.7 for pediatric patient/parent questions and 3.7 ± 0.8 for academic questions, indicating a statistically significant difference (p 0.05). Conclusions In pediatric dentistry, ChatGPT provides quality information to patients/parents. ChatGPT, which is difficult to readability for patients/parents and offers an acceptable similarity rate, needs to be improved in order to interact with people more efficiently and fluently.

The alveolar bone crest level is essential in determining the need for bone removal in subjects with altered passive eruption (APE). This study assessed the validity of CBCT and transgingival probing in determining the alveolar bone crest level. Patients presenting with APE were assessed. Transgingival probing was performed to clinically assess the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the bone crest at the midpoint of the maxillary anterior teeth. CBCT was used to assess this distance at the same point. Upon reflection of a full mucoperiosteal flap, the actual distance was measured. Similar actual and CBCT measurements of the distance between the CEJ and bone crest at teeth 13, 22, and 23 (FDI numbering system) were recorded (P > .05). However, in teeth 11, 12, and 21, the distance was significantly greater on CBCT scans (P < .05). No significant difference was detected between transgingival probing and the actual distance at all teeth assessed. Careful transgingival probing provides an accurate measure of the distance between the CEJ and bone crest. CBCT gives an accurate estimate, though it may not be justified for each patient in the presence of safer methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms who disturb the mineral homeostasis during tooth development and eruption are candidate to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in changes in the tooth eruption chronology. In this study, we evaluate whether the FokI (rs2228570) and BglI (rs739837) polymorphisms in the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with changes in the chronology of eruption of permanent teeth. Material & method: This cross-sectional study randomly included 353 biologically unrelated children, both sexes, without systemic impairment or syndromes and history of trauma during the primary dentition. One operator perform the oral clinical examination. The tooth was considered erupted if there was a visible minimum of any tooth surface emerging from the mucosa. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells from saliva samples. Genotyping was performed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reactions using TaqMan® technology. The average of the total number of erupted permanent teeth between the genotypes was compared by the Mann-Whitney test and multivariate Generalized Linear Models (GLM) (α = 5 %). β values with Confidence Interval (CI) 95 % were calculated. Results: The heterozygous adenine-guanine genotype of the FokI significantly decreases the number of erupted permanent teeth (β = −1.15; CI 95 % = −2.22 to −0.07; p = 0.036). In the stratified analysis for maxillary and mandibular teeth, this genotype was associated with a decrease in the number of erupted maxillary permanent teeth (β = −0.65; CI 95 % = −1.22 to −0.09; p = 0.023). BglI was not associated with permanent teeth eruption. Conclusion: The FokI, but not BglI, in the VDR may delay the eruption of permanent teeth.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to propose and test a new grading system to quantify the clinical eruption of teeth into the oral cavity. In addition, the study also aimed to apply the grading system to a sample population to determine the chronology and sequence of permanent tooth eruptions, comparing the results with an existing standard table. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed, and 1220 children aged 5–18 years were selected from five schools in Chennai. The clinical status of permanent tooth eruption was graded using the newly proposed system. The sequence and chronology of permanent tooth eruptions were determined using Probit analysis and compared with those established by Logan and Kronfeld. The difference in stages of eruption between the sexes was analyzed using the ANOVA test. Results: The study sample included 515 boys and 705 girls. A total of 23,218 permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth were examined and graded. Of the 11,085 maxillary teeth, 367 were classified as grade 1, 660 as grade 2, and 10,058 as grade 3. Similarly, of the 12,133 mandibular teeth, 497 were grade 1, 793 were grade 2, and 10,843 were grade 3. The eruption of the maxillary canines, second molars, and mandibular second premolars was observed to have occurred earlier than in the traditional table of tooth eruption. The most significant differences in the stages of eruption between the sexes were observed in the 9–12 age group. Conclusions: The newly proposed grading system was found to be simple, objective, less confusing, and more robust, compared with the existing systems in determining the clinical status of tooth eruptions. The ages of eruption of maxillary canines, second molars, and mandibular second premolars were earlier.

Abstract Background Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) comprises congenital anomalies that occur in individuals, embryos or fetuses exposed to Zika virus infection during pregnancy and can result in systemic manifestations as well as alterations in the oral cavity of these children. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review of the most frequent oral and craniofacial manifestations in children aged 0 to 6 years with CZS compared to neurotypical children without CZS. Main body of the abstract In this review, a search was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases and grey literature, as well as a manual search of the reference lists of the included articles, without restriction on year or language. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting oral alterations in children up to six years old or newborns with CZS, with or without a control group. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Twenty-seven articles were retrieved, 19 quantitative non-randomized and 09 quantitative descriptive studies. Three studies presented a high risk of bias. The main reported manifestations were delayed eruption (51,8%), dental enamel defects (25,9%), deep palate (29,6%), number alterations (14,8%), bruxism (29,6%), and malocclusion (25,9%). Short conclusion CZS can lead to several manifestations of dental interest and may interfere with the individual's oral health. The pediatric dentistry thus requiring the dentist to be attentive to these changes to offer the best and comprehensive treatment to this patient.

Aim: This study aimed to assess levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D3), calcium (Ca+2), phosphorus (P), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and to determine delayed tooth eruption by examining their correlations. Material and method: The study included 101 paediatric patients, aged 6–14 years, who visited the Dicle University Paediatric Dentistry Clinic, had no systemic diseases, and had not received medication in the past three months. Among them, 60 patients exhibited delayed eruption of their permanent central and first molar teeth, while 41 did not. Serum levels of 25(OH)D3, Ca+2, P, and PTH were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and Ca+2 were significantly lower in the patient group, whereas PTH levels were significantly lower in the control group (p < 0.05). However, serum P levels did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Serum parameters play a significant role in tooth eruption. The significance of vitamin D has increased because of its physiological effects and involvement in metabolic pathways, highlighting the need to examine Ca+2, P, and PTH levels, which contribute to its regulation. Low levels of vitamin D and Ca+2, along with elevated PTH levels, have been identified as potential factors contributing to delayed tooth eruption, whereas P levels do not appear to have a significant impact. In view of the ongoing growth and development in this patient group, regular monitoring of vitamin D, Ca+2, and PTH levels, along with timely interventions, is essential. Trial registration: TCTR identification number: TCTR20240729001; registered on 29 July 2024. The trial was registered retrospectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and severity of external root resorption (RR) caused by retained third molars (M3), to compare the sensitivity of panoramic radiography (PAN) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to determine predictive factors for root resorption. Materials and methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional analysis, we included patients (N = 367) who underwent PAN and CBCT imaging between December 2017 and July 2019. Previous orthodontic treatment, age, gender, superimposition of second molars (M2) and M3 on PAN, retention depth, inclination angle and vertical level of contact with the M2 were used as predictor variables. The outcome variable was RR of the M2, graded according to Ericson et al. [1]. Subgroup analyses compared patients with and without suspected resorption in the PAN. Results: While less than 5% of PANs suggested RR associated with M3, CBCT showed RR in 20% of all M2 with adjacent retained M3. The angle of inclination of M3, patient age and vertical level of molar contact emerged as predictive parameters, with mesial inclination, older age and deeper retention associated with increased severity of M2. Conclusion: Within the limitations of our study, these data confirm the poor performance of PAN in the diagnosis of RR. CBCT may be helpful in detecting RR in mesioangulated and deeply retained M3 in elderly patients, even when PAN did not suggest pathology. Clinical relevance: Our study may help to decide whether CBCT should be considered prior to M3 surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bisphosphonates used for the treatment of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, or heterotopic calcifications can cause serious adverse dental events such as osteonecrosis of the maxillary and mandibular bones. However, the effects in childhood remain scarcely explored. Case Presentations: We encountered two children who had started bisphosphonate therapy before completion of the primary dentition. No systemic disease causing congenital delayed tooth eruption was diagnosed. Although the children's height and weight increased with age, their tooth eruption was significantly delayed compared with the mean. The primary teeth gradually erupted in the follow-up period; however, some teeth did not completely erupt and needed to be extracted to allow for permanent tooth eruption. Conclusions: We report a case of children with early use of bisphosphonates and eruption disturbance, highlighting the need for further investigation into the relationship between these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sequence and timing of dental eruption are processes that can differ between different populations, with limited data available for the Chilean population. This study aimed to determine the eruption chronology and sequence of permanent dentition in a cohort of Chilean patients. This cross-sectional study analyzed 812 panoramic radiographs (PR) of children aged 5 to 15 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Kärber method. The Student's t-test was performed to determine statistical differences between variables (sex, jaw, right and left side). This study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry at Andrés Bello University. Permanent tooth eruption occurred between 6.13 and 12.42 years, starting with the lower left first molar and ending with the upper right second molar. Mandibular teeth mostly erupted before their maxillary counterparts. Female sex showed earlier eruption ages than male sex. The maxillary eruption sequences were the same between both genres, while a difference was found in the caninepremolar area of the mandible. The observed eruption ages are similar to those described in other populations. A larger sample size is needed, including children from different regions of the country, to obtain a representative Chilean dental chronology table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fahr's syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with limited research on its oral manifestations. This study investigates the dental features and genetic background of Fahr's syndrome through a pedigree analysis and a retrospective literature study. A clinical examination and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were conducted on a female patient with Fahr's syndrome and pseudohypoparathyroidism, along with her family members. The patient presented with super-numerary teeth, tooth agenesis, enamel hypoplasia, and abnormal tooth eruption. The WES did not reveal any known pathogenic mutations related to pseudohypoparathyroidism or Fahr's disease. However, genetic variations in KIF1A, FZD8, and PDGFA may underlie these dental abnormalities. Additionally, a retrospective analysis of 22 reported cases from PubMed and the Human Gene Mutation Database (1 January 1965–30 June 2024) was conducted with keywords such as "Fahr's disease", "Fahr's syndrome", "dental", and "hypoparathyroidism". The analysis showed that patients with Fahr's syndrome, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism exhibited similar oral abnormalities, including tooth agenesis, root dysplasia, dental malformations, and abnormal tooth eruption. Variations in the incidence of tooth agenesis and dental malformation among these groups may be linked to differences in parathyroid hormone metabolism. These findings suggest oral abnormalities are the key local features of Fahr's syndrome and related parathyroid disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic polymorphisms who disturb the mineral homeostasis during tooth development and eruption are candidate to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in changes in the tooth eruption chronology. In this study, we evaluate whether the FokI (rs2228570) and BglI (rs739837) polymorphisms in the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with changes in the chronology of eruption of permanent teeth. This cross-sectional study randomly included 353 biologically unrelated children, both sexes, without systemic impairment or syndromes and history of trauma during the primary dentition. One operator perform the oral clinical examination. The tooth was considered erupted if there was a visible minimum of any tooth surface emerging from the mucosa. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells from saliva samples. Genotyping was performed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reactions using TaqMan® technology. The average of the total number of erupted permanent teeth between the genotypes was compared by the Mann-Whitney test and multivariate Generalized Linear Models (GLM) (α = 5 %). β values with Confidence Interval (CI) 95 % were calculated. The heterozygous adenine-guanine genotype of the FokI significantly decreases the number of erupted permanent teeth (β = −1.15; CI 95 % = −2.22 to −0.07; p = 0.036). In the stratified analysis for maxillary and mandibular teeth, this genotype was associated with a decrease in the number of erupted maxillary permanent teeth (β = −0.65; CI 95 % = −1.22 to −0.09; p = 0.023). BglI was not associated with permanent teeth eruption. The FokI, but not BglI, in the VDR may delay the eruption of permanent teeth. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some medical conditions present with missing or malformed teeth and other unusual oral manifestations that complicate prosthodontic treatment. Outlining the simple and complicated treatment options to the patient allows them to make an informed decision about the treatment they wish to pursue. This report describes the management of a patient diagnosed with pseudohypoparathyroidism. Taking a patient-centred approach, with their involvement in the planning process, was essential to a successful outcome. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Adopting a holistic approach to treatment planning enables patients to make informed decisions, ensuring patient-centred care that not only targets the condition, but supports overall wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), or so-called mild thyroid failure, is analyzed when serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are beyond the highest limit of the reference range whereas free T4 concentrations are normal. Aim of the Study: Determine delayed tooth eruption and hemoglobin levels in children with SH. Methods: Case control study was directed amongst 120 children with age not exceed than 12 years old in Diyala governorate. Thyroid function, hemoglobin level, and a common oral manifestation in children with SH were evaluated to find an association between them and compared with healthy children. Children who have SH, after experiencing thyroid tests, have their mouths examined and their hemoglobin levels inspected; after receiving ethical clearance, informed consent was obtained from the relatives of participants. Results: Concerning patients (first group), which is comprised of 100 children with SH, control (second group) comprises of 20 children without SH. The delayed eruption of teeth was (7%) in SH children statistically showed a highly significant association. Level of TSH in the children with SH group was statistically highly significant increased as compared with the control group with Mean ± SE (8.93 ± 0.32) versus Mean ± SE (1.84 ± 0.25). In addition, a highly significant association existed when compared the control group and children with SH concerning hemoglobin level, with Mean ± SE (13.09 ± 0.14) versus Mean ± SE (10.89 ± 0.19). Conclusion: Low level of hemoglobin and high prevalence of delayed tooth eruption were detected in children with SH compared to non-diseased control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between delayed eruption of the permanent second molars and dietary habits, body mass index, and lifestyle of the teenagers. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed at a private dental center. 110 teenagers with an age range of 13-16 years old were screened for delayed permanent second molars. The panoramic X-ray was used to localize the unerupted permanent second molar. The body mass index (BMI) of the patients was calculated. A questionnaire was distributed, and the data were collected via Google Forms. Responses were gathered from February 2024 to March 2024. The questionnaire included three main categories: food type and routine, activity and exercise, and medical and dental health. Results: The percentage of the orthodontic population of teenagers at the time of the study was 22%. Among the screened teenagers, only 11% had at least one unerupted second molar. A higher prevalence of unerupted permanent second molars was found in girls than boys (58.3%, 41.6%, respectively). The highest percentage of delayed eruption of permanent second molar was found on both sides of the maxilla (83.3%). In regards to food type, fast food (66.6%) and noodles or pasta (33.3%) were found to be a common meal at dinner. Chocolate (75%) and crisps (58.3%) were the major snacks. Calcium rich food and nuts were found to be either never or not regularly consumed by teenagers, 66.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Regarding body activity and exercise, the majority of the participants were normal weight (58%). Only 16.6% were found to be obese. The majority of the participants slept later than midnight (83.3%). All participants used the cell phone, with some spenting 5-10 hours (41.6%) on these devices. In terms of medical and dental health, all participants were healthy except 25% suffered from asthma and/or anemia. All participants were regularly visit the dental clinic; however, 41.6% of participants were not aware of delay eruption of permanent second molars. Conclusion: The quality of the food may impact the normal time of eruption of the permanent second molars. Female gender and maxillary arch were found to be more likely to have delayed eruptions. Unhealthy lifestyle, such as sitting long hours on electronics, may impact oral health. Additional risk factors should be considered in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Methods Results Conclusions This study investigated the role of autophagy on osteogenesis of DFCs under inflammatory microenvironment during tooth eruption.DFCs were isolated and identified. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to construct the inflammatory microenvironment in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was examined by CCK‐8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S (ARS) staining. The gene and protein levels were examined using qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. We observed the process of tooth eruption after local LPS injection by micro‐CT and HE staining. Osteogenesis and autophagy were monitored through qRT‐PCR, western blot and histological staining of specific markers.LPS at the indicated concentrations did not produce toxic effects on DFCs, and significantly promoted the inflammatory gene expression. LPS inhibited osteogenic differentiation and activated autophagy in DFCs. Blocking autophagy with 3‐MA reversed the expression of osteogenic markers in LPS‐treated DFCs. Additionally, the eruption of LPS‐treated teeth was accelerated and their DFs exhibited an increased expression of TNF‐α and Beclin1, and decreased expression of ALP and RUNX2.Autophagy was involved in the suppression of the DFCs osteogenesis in an LPS‐induced inflammatory condition, suggesting the pivotal role of autophagy in inflammation‐induced premature tooth eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is increasing in modern dental practice. However, the presence of multiple supernumerary teeth should be further investigated. Proper diagnosis of an underlying syndrome might save the patient from future health hazards through early diagnosis and optimal follow‐up screening. Case Presentation: A 13‐year‐old female patient presented with multiple retained deciduous teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Although the medical and family history of the patient did not raise any concerns, the clinical and radiographic examinations yielded intriguing findings. The patient presented with a total of 11 supernumerary teeth, which impeded the normal eruption of permanent dentition in addition to the presence of retained deciduous teeth. Additional clinical and laboratory investigations were conducted in response to the case's complexity, resulting in the diagnosis of Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome (TRPS) Type I. The patient underwent a precise treatment plan and then was followed up for 6 months postoperatively to monitor the eruptive movement of the permanent teeth. Conclusion: When a syndrome is the underlying cause, monitoring unusual cases, such as those with multiple supernumerary teeth, can be lifesaving or aid in the early diagnosis of more serious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mandibular second molar (M2M) impaction is a clinically significant manifestation of eruption disturbance in dental development. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the three-dimensional (3D) characterization on clinical and therapeutic decisions for M2M impaction. The secondary aim was to introduce a validated 3D classification system incorporating both surgical and orthodontic parameters. Methods: Bidimensional (2D) and 3D radiological records of 15 impacted M2M were collected and deidentified. Ten experienced clinicians (5 oral surgeons;5 orthodontists) categorized each case, first based on 2D records and then with 3D scans. The degree of orthodontic and surgical difficulty in treating impacted M2M was evaluated using a novel classification system based on anatomical and radiological features. The primary outcome variable was the assessment of differences in diagnosis and decision-making protocol using 2D or 3D records, where clinical relevance ranged from 0 to 4. The secondary outcome variable was the validation analysis of the proposed 3D classification system to determine the concordance among the clinicians. Descriptive statistics and multivariable inferential analysis based on Akaike information criterion (AIC) were performed (α = 0.05). Results: 3D examination allowed a better visualization of M2M impaction with higher clinical relevance for diagnosis of M2M root relationship to alveolar nerve and lingual plate, height to alveolar crest, depth, and inclination relative to the first molar and position relative to the third molar (range:2.69–3.43). The proposed 3D classification of M2M impaction changed clinical decisions regarding surgical-orthodontic approach, biomechanics, patient education, and treatment time estimate (range:2.59–3.33). In the validation analysis of the classification, no evidence of inter- or intra-group (surgeon/orthodontist) bias in score attribution occurred: the model with the minimum AIC was the null model (AIC = 718.04). Conclusion: 3D evaluation of impacted M2Ms could enhance diagnostic accuracy, and a classification system was proposed and validated by a group of experienced surgeons and orthodontists with high concordance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim was to identify radiographic characteristics of mandibular third molars in young adults without symptoms or clinical signs of pericoronal infection. Materials and methods: An existing cross-sectional material, including records from clinical oral examination and panoramic radiographs (PANs) of university students, was submitted to retrospective analysis. The outcome variable was a symptomless and clinically pericoronitis-free mandibular third molar. Predictor variables for the third molar were clinical eruption level, pathological signs in the follicle, marginal bone level, radiographic depth in bone, inclination, stage of root development, and available space for eruption. Statistics included χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Analysis included 345 mandibular third molars in 189 participants (20% men, 80% women; mean age 20.7 years; SD ± 0.6). Symptomless and clinically pericoronitis-free mandibular third molars were characterized as follows: clinically unerupted in 78% of teeth, associated with reduced marginal bone level in 70%, located deeper in the bone in 87%, mesially inclined in 73%, and stage of root development incomplete in 68% (p ≤ 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Radiographic characteristics of symptomless mandibular third molars without clinical pericoronitis in young adults can be assessed from a PAN with 68–87% certainty. Clinical relevance: These findings may prove useful when trying to exclude non-pathological mandibular third molars from diseased teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Esthetic crown lengthening (ECL) is commonly advocated to treat patients with altered passive eruption (APE). Since the introduction of the minimally invasive surgical concept, a limited number of studies have investigated this technique in a standardized manner, with further studies required to verify the validity and predictability of the minimally invasive FL‐technique. The current randomized trial compares a minimally invasive (ECL), using piezosurgery with flapless‐approach (FL), versus an open‐flap (OF) approach in the management of patients with APE Type 1B. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four patients diagnosed with APE Type 1B were randomly assigned into test (FL) with tunneling approach or control (OF) group with minimally invasive flap reflection (n = 12/group). Postoperative pain was assessed during the first 48 h. Gingival margin (GM) level relative to a custom‐made stent (rGM) and patient satisfaction were assessed preoperative, immediately after surgery, at 3 and 6 months postsurgically. Postoperative swelling was reported for the first week postsurgically. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD) and pink esthetic score (PES), were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Linear regression analysis was conducted for pain. Results: OF‐group reported significantly higher pain and swelling scores than FL‐group during the first 48 h (p < 0.05). FL‐group showed no significant differences regarding rGM between 3 and 6 months, in contrast to OF‐group, where a significant decrease in rGM was notable (p < 0.05). No significant differences in PI, BoP, CAL, PD, PES, and patient satisfaction scores were evident between groups (p > 0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that treatment and gender were significant predictors for pain (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Within the current study's limitations, piezo‐surgical ECL with FL‐approach presented significantly lower postoperative pain, swelling, and early GM stability compared to OF‐approach. Clinical Significance: Piezosurgical ECL with a FL‐approach can be considered a predictable technique with advantages over the OF‐approach in the management of patients with APE Type1B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Down syndrome (DS), a common chromosomal anomaly caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is characterized by a broad spectrum of phenotypic characteristics across multiple organ systems, including cardiac defects and leukemia. Dermatological findings are prevalent among individuals with DS; however, these issues are frequently underrecognized and inadequately researched, resulting in a significant gap in the provision of comprehensive healthcare strategies. Given the increased life expectancy of patients with DS and delayed manifestation of many dermatoses, physicians are increasingly encountering dermatological findings in this population. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and types of dermatological findings in individuals with DS, compare them with those in a control group, and emphasize the necessity of incorporating dermatological evaluations into routine health monitoring. Methods: This prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to June 2024 and involved 100 genetically confirmed individuals with DS and 100 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Comprehensive demographic, clinical, and karyotype data were collected for the DS group, and all the participants underwent detailed morphological evaluations. Results: The DS group had a mean age of approximately 6.37 years, whereas the controls were around 7 years old, with no significant differences in age or sex distribution between the groups. Karyotype analysis showed that trisomy 21 was present in 92% of the cases, mosaicism in 6%, and translocation in 2%. Common dermatological findings in the DS group included xerosis cutis (49%), thin and sparse hair (48%), dental caries (34%), delayed tooth eruption (28%), nail dystrophy (25%), fissured tongue (23%), and cheilitis (18%). Significant differences were noted in the prevalence of scabies, bacterial infections, and café au lait macules between the DS and control groups (p < 0.01). Dysmorphic findings in the DS group included epicanthal folds (97%), upslanted palpebral fissures (97%), brachycephaly (91%), and single transverse palmar crease (89%). Significant gender differences were noted in the prevalence of brachycephaly and the sandal gap (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of regular dermatological care in enhancing the health management and quality of life of individuals with DS due to the prevalence and variability of dermatological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: One of the important indicators of growth and development is tooth eruption timing, which is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship between different developmental parameters and eruption time of first primary tooth in infants aged 2-15 months. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 873 infants aged 2-15 months in eastern health centers of Tehran, Iran. The height, weight, head circumference, breastfeeding/bottle-feeding practices, vitamin AD supplementation, and maternal age at birth of the infants were recorded. The eruption time of first primary tooth was recorded by monthly examination of infants at the health centers. The effects of qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed using the independent t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the simultaneous effects of growth parameters on tooth eruption time at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The eruption time of first primary tooth had an inverse relationship with the weight (P<0.001), height (P=0.003), and head circumference (P=0.01) of the infants. The mean eruption time of the first primary tooth was 7.6 ± 1.7 months in normal birth weight infants (above 2500 g) and 9.7 ± 1.9 months in low birth weight infants (below 2500 g). There was no significant correlation between gender and the eruption time of the first primary tooth (P=0.16). However, the eruption time had significant relationships with maternal age, breastfeeding, and vitamin AD supplementation (P=0.001). Conclusion: higher birth weight, height, and head circumference, as well as breastfeeding and receiving vitamin AD supplements are correlated with earlier eruption of first primary tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal disorder characterized by multiple impacted supernumerary teeth sometimes accompanied by follicular cysts. These patients may be first noticed by the dentist because of esthetic problems or delayed eruption of teeth. The aim of the study was to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of CCD as multiple impacted teeth can give rise to dentigerous cyst in later stages. Two case reports describe the patients having typical features of CCD with impacted teeth and one of them was radiographically diagnosed with multiple dentigerous cysts. Early diagnosis of CCD and its management of impacted teeth with a multidisciplinary approach helps in avoiding the functional and pathological problems associated with it which include difficulty in mastication and poor patient self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Journal of Dental Research article delves into the intricate processes of tooth root development and homeostasis during tooth movement. It emphasizes the collaborative interactions between different cell types and regulatory mechanisms that govern proper tooth alignment and function. The research provides valuable insights into potential mechanisms of tooth overeruption and offers implications for disease treatment and prevention in dental health. By focusing on cellular interactions and molecular mechanisms in mice models, the study sheds light on the impact of mechanical loading on periodontal tissues and underscores the importance of understanding these processes for clinical interventions in dental medicine. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) comprises congenital anomalies that occur in individuals, embryos or fetuses exposed to Zika virus infection during pregnancy and can result in systemic manifestations as well as alterations in the oral cavity of these children. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review of the most frequent oral and craniofacial manifestations in children aged 0 to 6 years with CZS compared to neurotypical children without CZS. In this review, a search was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases and grey literature, as well as a manual search of the reference lists of the included articles, without restriction on year or language. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting oral alterations in children up to six years old or newborns with CZS, with or without a control group. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Twenty-seven articles were retrieved, 19 quantitative non-randomized and 09 quantitative descriptive studies. Three studies presented a high risk of bias. The main reported manifestations were delayed eruption (51,8%), dental enamel defects (25,9%), deep palate (29,6%), number alterations (14,8%), bruxism (29,6%), and malocclusion (25,9%). Short conclusion: CZS can lead to several manifestations of dental interest and may interfere with the individual's oral health. The pediatric dentistry thus requiring the dentist to be attentive to these changes to offer the best and comprehensive treatment to this patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental caries is still a major disease that affect the oral health of people in China. First permanent molars (FPMs) are the most caries-susceptible teeth among school-aged children. The aim of this study was to investigate the eruption and caries status of first permanent molars in children aged 6–7 years in Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, to provide information for oral health promotion. Methods : The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 6-7-year-old first grade children from public elementary schools in Shijingshan District, Beijing. Participants were invited to receive a clinical oral examination. The eruption status and caries experience of FPMs were recorded. Questionnaires assessing children's sociodemographic information and oral health-related behaviors were completed by the children's parents or guardians. Results: A total of 3,176 children, including 1,644 boys (51.8%) and 1,532 girls (48.2%) were included in the oral examination and questionnaire. Eruption status of FPMs was as follows: 37.5% fully erupted, 28.3% partially erupted, 34.2% not erupted. Girls had more erupted FPMs than boys (70.1% VS 61.8%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of dental caries in FPMs was 5.5% (174/3,176) in studied children. The mean decayed missing filled teeth score of FPMs was 0.11 and the mean decayed missing filled surface score of FPMs was 0.19. Binary Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that girls had more tooth decay than boys and father's educational background also associated with the caries experience of the studied children (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Around two-thirds of FPMs were fully erupted or partially erupted among children aged 6–7 years old in Shijingshan District, Beijing. Approximately 5% of the newly erupted FPM established dental caries. Effective intervention should be applied in this age group for oral health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document contains abstracts from the 32nd Portuguese Dental Association Annual Meeting. The abstracts cover a range of topics in dentistry, including temporomandibular disorders, oral health in children, radiographic measurements, prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs, irrigation on polishing protocols, and dentin surface treatments. The studies provide valuable insights into various aspects of dental health and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field. The document also includes summaries of clinical cases related to external cervical resorption, tooth resorption, dental aesthetic self-perception, and avulsion of a lower canine tooth. These cases highlight the importance of proper assessment, treatment planning, and multidisciplinary approaches in dental care. [Extracted from the article]

Interceptive orthodontics may be indicated in puppies exhibiting dental malocclusion with linguoverted deciduous mandibular canine teeth to alleviate pain and prevent teeth interlock, which may affect growth and development of the mandibles. Historically extraction of deciduous mandibular canine teeth has been recommended as soon as a malocclusion is identified, often as early as 6-8 weeks of age and no later than 12 weeks of age. This early surgical intervention of deciduous teeth extractions risks potential damage to the developing permanent canine teeth resulting in enamel defects often referred to as a Turner's tooth or Turner's hypoplasia. A search of medical records from five veterinary specialty dentistry practices was conducted to identify dogs 8-12 weeks of age who (a) underwent deciduous mandibular canine extractions for management of class 1 or class 2 malocclusion with linguoverted mandibular canine teeth, and (b) were seen for at least one recheck exam to assess for enamel defects on permanent mandibular canine teeth. Furthermore, data was collected to determine the number of dogs that required additional treatment after eruption of the permanent canine teeth due to linguoversion of the permanent canine teeth. All procedures were performed by a board-certified veterinary dentist™ or a supervised veterinary dentistry resident. Seventy-four dogs fit the inclusion criteria and had a total of 143 deciduous mandibular canine teeth extracted, out of which 13 dogs exhibited enamel defects affecting 21 permanent canine teeth. The 13 affected dogs represent a 17.5% cumulative incident rate 13/74 (95%CI 11-28%). Of all extracted teeth, 14.6% (21/143) had enamel defects affecting permanent canine teeth. Twenty-eight dogs required additional treatment to prevent the permanent mandibular canine teeth from causing trauma to the hard palate and gingiva which represented 37.8% (28/74) of all dogs in the study. Age and sex of the dog at the time of extraction were not found to be associated with the likelihood of incidence of enamel defects. This is the first reported rate of enamel defects on permanent mandibular canine teeth following extraction of deciduous mandibular canine teeth and is important to consider when advising or performing extraction of deciduous teeth in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mandibular retromolar space (RMS) has not been extensively studied in relation to various sagittal skeletal classes and patterns of third-molar eruption. The objective of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the mandibular RMS among normodivergent subjects with different skeletal classes and patterns of mandibular third-molar eruption, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Method: A total of 105 normodivergent patients (20–40 years) were included in this study. Participants were categorized into Class I, II and III groups based on ANB and further impacted and erupted groups based on the eruption patterns of the mandibular third molars. Measurements of the mandibular RMS were taken at four planes parallel to the occlusal plane, along the cusp line. Comparative analyses were conducted among the three sagittal groups and between the impacted and erupted groups. Results: The Class II group exhibited a statistically smaller RMS (P < 0.05). RMS was found to be larger in third-molar erupted group (P < 0.05). The rates of root contact and third-molar impaction was significantly higher in Class II group. (P < 0.05) Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. Patients with Skeletal Class II tend to have a smaller mandibular RMS and a higher prevalence of root contact and third-molar impaction. The presence of impacted mandibular third molars was correlated with a shorter RMS. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This article emphasizes the importance of the informed and careful practice in pediatric dentistry and endodontics to prevent iatrogenic events. It highlights critical need to select appropriate obturation materials, especially in deciduous teeth, and the use of diagnostic tools such as panoramic radiographs and computed tomography scans, to avoid complications. Case report. The case of a pediatric patient of 8 years and one month old is presented, with a pulpectomy in the OD 53 obturated with gutta-percha, which hindered the eruption of teeth 13 and 14. This case is rare due to the unusual difficulty in eruption caused by gutta-percha obturation in a deciduous tooth, not commonly reported in literature. Conclusions. Meticulous dental practice supported by clear protocols is essential to ensure successful and safe treatment in pediatric patients. Proper selection of obturation materials, particularly in deciduous dentition, is crucial. The findings underscore the relevance of diagnostic tools such as panoramic radiography and computed tomography. Specialized attention and the use of resorbable materials in deciduous dentition are critical to prevent future complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: Understanding sexual maturity and bone fusion is crucial in forensic investigations and legal contexts. This study investigates the contemporary trend of sexual maturity and bone fusion in females, comparing the observed age-related characteristics with documented ages. Such analyses contribute to the accuracy of age estimation methods used in medico-legal scenarios. Methods: A comprehensive study was conducted involving a diverse sample of females, and their sexual maturity and bone fusion were assessed relative to documented ages. The research utilized a cross-sectional design, collecting data through interviews, medical examinations, and radiographic imaging. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants provided informed consent. Variables included documented age, age of menarche, stages of sexual maturity, dentition, and bone fusion. Validation of model performance was conducted. Results: Among 70 cases studied, the mean age of menarche was 10.48 years (range: 7–12 years). Maternal reports indicated menarche onset between 12–17 years. Tanner's Staging 5 for pubic hair and fully developed breasts occurred at 14 years. Permanent teeth increased with age, with 28 or more teeth present at age 14 or above. Fusion of the distal end of the Radius and Ulna with the parent bone was positive from 15 years onwards. The regression model predicted age accurately (97.99% fit). Conclusion: The results highlight the early onset of sexual maturation, consistent teeth eruption, and bone fusion patterns in females. The observed correlations offer valuable insights for medicolegal practitioners and forensic experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Croatica is the property of Acta Stomatologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The management of eruption disturbances in orthodontics may be challenging and requires a careful diagnosis and treatment planning. This case report discusses the challenges of a two-phase orthodontic treatment of a patient presenting with a dental eruption pattern anomaly. Patient concerns: A 10-year-old boy presented with no complaints for a routine orthodontic evaluation during the mixed dentition. Primary diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with a skeletal Class I malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite, incomplete mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition and a unilateral maxillary ectopic canine. Interventions: Phase 1 started with rapid maxillary expansion to correct the maxillary constriction and the ectopic eruption of the right maxillary canine. In the mandibular arch, phase 1 included the extraction of the left primary lateral incisor and canine, alignment of the left permanent lateral incisor and orthodontic traction of the left permanent canine. The duration of phase 1 was 14 months. Phase 2 involved a comprehensive course of orthodontic treatment and started when the patient was aged 13 years. This phase lasted 18 months. Results: An adequate dental occlusion was obtained, and the treatment results were stable after an 18-month follow-up. Conclusion: In this case, the early diagnosis of the dental anomalies was valuable as it allowed an early intervention to be undertaken, which resulted in overall treatment simplification and potentially minimised the adverse effects. This case report reinforces the importance of a careful follow-up during mixed dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth eruption comprises a highly coordinated cascade of complex cellular and molecular interactions resulting in axial movement of the tooth germ from an intra-osseous position to its functional occlusion. Odontogenesis is under genetic control, governed by more than 300 genes, with environmental factors playing a comparatively minor role. Delayed tooth eruption (DTE) describes the most frequently encountered deviation from normal eruption and can be the solitary materialization of local or systemic pathology. Where local pathology has been excluded, the dentist should be aware of the multitude of systemic conditions that may be contributing, and liaise with relevant medical colleagues. This article provides a review of the literature regarding the systemic causes of DTE. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Systemic conditions can be aetiological factors in delayed tooth eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]