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O presente relato de caso identificou a maculopatia média aguda paracentral como a causa de baixa de acuidade visual severa e irreversível após cirurgia de catarata. Existem fatores de risco bem estabelecidos para o desenvolvimento da maculopatia média aguda paracentral que devem ser conhecidos pelos cirurgiões de catarata. Nesse contexto cirúrgico, precauções extras no tocante a procedimentos anestésicos, pressão intraocular e alguns outros aspectos da cirurgia devem ser consideradas. A maculopatia média aguda paracentral é descrita como um sinal clínico observado no exame de tomografia de coerência óptica por domínio espectral e se trata, provavelmente, da evidência de um evento isquêmico no tecido vascular retiniano. Esse diagnóstico deve ser cogitado nos casos de perda de acuidade visual súbita no pós-operatório imediato associada com exame fundoscópico normal, como evidenciado no caso apresentado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the chest tomography findings of hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2) in a high specialty hospital in northeastern Mexico. Method: Retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study in the Health Service Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapeutics of the High Specialty Regional Hospital of Ciudad Victoria Bicentenario 2010. Non-probabilistic sampling was carried out and descriptive statistics were applied for the sociodemographic data of the population and the tomographic findings. Results: Two hundred-fifty patient records were evaluated, 66% belonged to the male sex and 34% to the female sex, with an average age of 58 years, the most frequent age group was those over 60 years of age (53%). Conclusions: Chest tomography plays an important role in diagnosis, disease monitoring, detection of complications and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The potential damage of radiation has encouraged the creation of dose optimization programs; however, its performance has been poorly assessed in Mexico. Objective: To compare the effective dose calculated in a conventional tomograph against a different equipment with a dose optimizer. Method: Observational, analytical, comparative and crosssectional study. DLP records were collected from a conventional scanner (T1) and from another with the software iDose® (T2) of the High Specialty Hospital of Veracruz in the period 2018-2020. Results: 658 patients were recorded; 323 (49%) were obtained from T1, 335 (51%) from T2. The mean age was 35.2 ± 23.8. 400 (60.8%) represented men, 258 (39.2%) for women. The average effective dose was 2.42 mSv ± 1.2 and 2.4 mSv ± 0.94 for T1 and T2 respectively. The iDose® program was applied on 169 patients, namely 25.6% of the T2 records, and 29.7% of the total sample. The use of iDose® resulted in an OR: 0.684 (95%CI: 0.48-0.97). Conclusion: The employment of dose optimization programs is a protective factor against high radiation levels. It is advisable to promote the utilization of these systems in imaging centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudo tem como objetivo elucidar as evidências dispostas na literatura sobre a tomografia computadorizada em pacientes com COVID-19 caracteriza-se como uma revisão integrativa, com a busca de artigos indexados em bases eletrônicas de dados National Library of Medicine/National Institute of Health (PUBMED) e Scientific Eletronic(SciELO), Para identificar os termos de busca foram definidos os descritores “tomographic findings”, “computed tomography” e “computed tomography findings” combinados com “covid”. Para verificar o risco e avaliação de viés, utilizou-se a QUIPS (Quality In Prognosis Studies), além de dois revisores independentes. Os dados pesquisados foram inseridos no software online Covidence para tornar a produção de revisão mais eficiente. Foram acessados estudos disponíveis em português, inglês ou espanhol, publicados no período de janeiro de 2020 a junho de 2023. Foram selecionados 22 artigos, publicados entre os anos 2020 e 2023. Os resultados indicaram que Itália e China é de onde se originam o maior número de estudos nesta área nos anos de 2020 e 2021, já em 2022 foram encontrados quatro artigos 18,8%), de artigos produzidos em locais diferentes, como Egito, Irã, México e Nepal e em 2023 2023 foram encontrados 02 artigos, um produzido na Índia e outro na China. Os estudos analisados apresentaram como principais achados nos exames de imagem de tomografia computadorizada a opacidade em vidro fosco, seguido de opacidade em vidro fosco com consolidações e padrão em pavimentação maluco e broncograma. Foi possível concluir que é de consenso dos autores que a TC do tórax é uma ferramenta útil no acompanhamento do paciente com a doença da COVID 19.

In this work, we study and develop a system for two-dimensional ultrasonic tomography. The main focus of the development was to make the system suitable for reuse in other applications of a similar nature. For this purpose, we carried out the design and implementation of a system to explore the sample under estudy using only one commercial immersion transducer and the development of a reconstruction algorithm to generate the images from the measured acoustic signals. Moreover, we implemented a software to simulate the tomographic system. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the real and simulated system, we used the Pearson correlation and the peak signal-to-noise ratio as figure of merits between the reconstructed and the reference images.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the anatomy and anatomical relationships of the anterior ethmoidal artery in the Mexican population by analyzing computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses, in order to make otolaryngologists aware of the anatomical variations of the anterior ethmoidal artery in different populations to prevent complications during frontal and ethmoid sinus surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective type, where computed scans of the nose and paranasal sinuses were included from December 2021 to December 2022. The studies were obtained from the database of data from a private radiological center. Images were made with a slice thickness of 1 mm. The axial, coronal and sagittal sections were analyzed, taking different measurements comparing the morphological variability between male and female gender, Asian, European and Mexican populations. RESULTS: Two hundred computed scans of the nose and paranasal sinuses (400 sides) were included showing a variability between the intranasal length of the anterior ethmoid artery on both sides. The rest of the measurements presented a similar range and minimal variation between the right and left sides and between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The type of race and demographic group of a patient should be considered when analyzing the preoperative images to have a safe surgical planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cone Beam Computed Tomography offers highly precise 3D images ideal for diagnosis and case planning, although this imaging method involves the use of high doses of radiation. When considering the optimization principle, radiation dose reduction methods aim to modify the technical parameters of the equipment to obtain an ideal combination between dose and image quality. This is important in the pediatric patient because the highest levels of risk are associated with X-ray exposure in this age group. We present the case of an 11-year-old female patient is presented, in which a low-resolution protocol is used to locate the maxillary retained canines. The advantages and practical application of this imaging study method are analyzed by performing variations in exposure parameters. Supported by tomographic images, the surgical procedure is carried out to subsequently a guided eruption, achieving the location of the canines in their usual position. It is evident that the adjustment of the exposure parameters did not affect the required image and the expected results were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediátrica (2594-1798) is the property of Academia Mexicana de Odontologia Pediatrica, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As neoplasias malignas ginecológicas representam um dos principais fatores de mortalidade em mulheres, sendo os exames de imagem instrumentos importantes para diagnóstico, estadiamento e planejamento cirúrgico. Tais exames são realizados nos Centros de Diagnósticos por Imagens (CDI) que, devido ao uso de tecnologia sofisticada e de mão de obra qualificada, têm alto custo e impactam os sistemas de saúde. Diante desse contexto, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo demonstrar como o TDABC pode ser utilizado na avaliação da lucratividade dos exames e dos patamares de ociosidade existentes no contexto do setor de tomografia computadorizada da unidade de oncologia ginecológica. Para essa finalidade foi utilizada metodologia classificável como qualitativa e descritiva e adotado o formato de estudo de caso, com levantamento de dados por meio de pesquisa documental, entrevistas informais para conhecer o processo e estimativas do tempo de execução das atividades. Os resultados mostraram que os exames executados são deficitários, visto que o custo da prestação desses serviços é superior aos preços pagos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o que acarretou prejuízo total de R$ -79.347,04 no mês. Foram apurados também os patamares de ociosidade das atividades envolvidas, tanto em termos de minutos inativos quanto em valores monetários. Portanto, concluiu-se que a ociosidade total do setor de tomografia pesquisado chegou a R$ 102.932,81 e equivale a 41,62% na média das atividades abrangidas (variando entre 3,66% no caso dos equipamentos e 81,59% em relação à atividade dos enfermeiros). Quanto às contribuições oriundas, cabe destacar que as informações disponibilizadas pelo TDABC podem fundamentar ações visando redução de tempo entre atividades e otimizar o desempenho dos funcionários envolvidos, além de evidenciar a aderência do TDABC no âmbito de entidades que realizam serviços de diagnósticos por imagens. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que é fundamental a otimização dos processos para reduzir o tempo de exame e aumentar a produtividade, bem como a necessidade de readequação dos valores da tabela SUS para evitar o comprometimento de investimento de recursos em outros setores do hospital.

RESUMO A análise tomográfica de impulso é um método não destrutivo que permite analisar o interior do lenho de árvores pela passagem de ondas mecânicas, tornando possível realizar uma avaliação prévia e detectar a presença de defeitos na madeira. Utilizou-se o tomógrafo de impulso ARBOTOM para analisar o lenho de árvores de Tectona grandis, localizadas em Cáceres, MT. Os resultados possibilitaram detectar a presença de zonas distintas no lenho através da variação da velocidade de ondas mecânicas indicada por variadas zonas de cores reveladas na imagem tomográfica. Possivelmente, essas diferenças de cores são atribuídas às variações da densidade e umidade da madeira.

Introducción: en la tomografía de abdomen y pelvis se pueden evidenciar signos apendiculares como diámetro del apéndice, grosor de la pared, presencia de obstrucción de la luz por fecalito, alteración de la grasa periapendicular, presencia de líquido libre entre otros. Nuestro objetivo fue describir los hallazgos tomográficos típicos y atípicos en pacientes con apendicitis aguda complicada y no complicada intervenidos en el periodo enero 2018 – septiembre 2023 en Centro Médico Docente la Trinidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, analítico con una muestra de 202 pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda según estudio histológico, con tomografía de abdomen y pelvis, además se realizó revisión de historias clínicas para describir la presentación clínica de la apendicitis aguda. Resultados: en la muestra el sexo predominante fue el masculino, en cuanto a la edad la mayoría fue de para el grupo de 31 a 60 años, el contraste utilizado mayormente para las tomografías realizadas fue en un 70% el contraste oral. Los signos más frecuentes observados en nuestro estudio para apendicitis aguda son alteración de la grasa mesentérica, diámetro mayor de 6mm, grosor de la pared mayor de 3mm, ganglios en el mesenterio constituyendo así signos tomográficos que mejoran el rendimiento diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda. Conclusión: En nuestro medio predominó la modalidad de la tomografía con administración de contraste oral; sin embargo, es importante recalcar la importancia de utilizar medios de contraste endovenoso, con el fin de evidenciar de una mejor manera los hallazgos radiológicos de cada estudio.

Coronary artery anomalies (CAA) are anatomical abnormalities, usually congenital, that affect the origin, course, and termination of one of the three main epicardical coronary arteries. These may lead to adverse outcomes such as myocardial ischemia, heart failure, coronary artery disease and/or sudden death. Since their first descriptions to the present day, and thanks to the development of new technologies, more information and better characterization of these anomalies has been obtained, requiring that the original classifications be revised and updated. The aim of this article is to propose a possible new classification that combines anatomical features and the degree of clinical significance to try to achieve a better understanding, and thus facilitate the clinical choice of treatment. A narrative review was performed and cases from our experience are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the anatomy and anatomical relationships of the anterior ethmoidal artery in the Mexican population by analyzing computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses, in order to make otolaryngologists aware of the anatomical variations of the anterior ethmoidal artery in different populations to prevent complications during frontal and ethmoid sinus surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective type, where computed scans of the nose and paranasal sinuses were included from December 2021 to December 2022. The studies were obtained from the database of data from a private radiological center. Images were made with a slice thickness of 1 mm. The axial, coronal and sagittal sections were analyzed, taking different measurements comparing the morphological variability between male and female gender, Asian, European and Mexican populations. RESULTS: Two hundred computed scans of the nose and paranasal sinuses (400 sides) were included showing a variability between the intranasal length of the anterior ethmoid artery on both sides. The rest of the measurements presented a similar range and minimal variation between the right and left sides and between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The type of race and demographic group of a patient should be considered when analyzing the preoperative images to have a safe surgical planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the pulmonary severity of COVID-19 patients throug the SOFA score computed with pulmonary involvement in Chest Computed Tomography. Method: This is a descriptive epidemiological study conducted out in an Intensive Care Unit, which aimed to study the pulmonary treatment of COVID-19 patients through the calculation of the pulmonary SOFA score relating to Chest Tomography and whether these were related to clinical treatment. Results: The study population consisted of 704 patients, of which 43.7% were women and 56.2% men, with a mean age of 61 years and a mean hospitalization time of 13 days. Most patients had a pulmonary behavior of 75%, a pulmonary SOFA score of 2 and a PaO²/FiO² ratio between 100 and 200. Conclusion: Patients who had more extensive pulmonary involvement/consequently had a lower PaO²/FiO² ratio and remained longer hospitalized with a higher incidence of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report the tomographic findings in patients admitted with a positive or suspected diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Respiratory Diseases Unit in an institute of Social Security in Tabasco. Material and methods: An observational, retrospective and descriptive study was carried out in the period from June 1st to September 30th, 2020, in which the tomographic findings were reported in hospitalized patients in the modules for COVID-19 in the Respiratory Diseases Unit. Results: Eightynine tomographies were reported in hospitalized patients, 89.90% reported a mixed pattern of ground glass and stone, 37.00% a pattern of ground and consolidated glass, and 34.83% a consolidated pattern with stone, with distribution lesions in peripheral and central areas in 64.04%. In relation to the CO-RADS (COVID-19 Reporting and Data System) scale, 62.90% presented a scale of 5. Conclusions: Tomographic studies have played an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic, as tools for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and follow-up in the evolution of the hospitalized patient. They are key aids in the management and forecast of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en Odontoestomatologia is the property of Ediciones Avances SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Identify lung sequelae of COVID-19 through radiological and pulmonary function assessment. Design: Prospective, longitudinal, cohort study from March 2020 to March 2021. Setting: Intensive Care Units (ICU) in a tertiary hospital in Portugal. Patients: 254 patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU due to respiratory illness. Interventions: A chest computed tomography (CT) scan and pulmonary function tests (PFT) were performed at 3 to 6 months. Main variables of interest: CT-scan; PFT; decreased diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO). Results: All CT scans revealed improvement in the follow-up, with 72% of patients still showing abnormalities, 58% with ground glass opacities and 62% with evidence of fibrosis. PFT had abnormalities in 94 patients (46%): thirteen patients (7%) had an obstructive pattern, 35 (18%) had a restrictive pattern, and 58 (30%) had decreased DLCO. There was a statistically significant association between abnormalities in the follow-up CT scan and older age, more extended hospital and ICU stay, higher SAPS II and APACHE scores and invasive ventilation. Mechanical ventilation, especially with no lung protective parameters, was associated with abnormalities in PFT. Multivariate regression showed more abnormalities in lung function with more extended ICU hospitalization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease, invasive mechanical ventilation, and ventilation with higher plateau pressure, and more abnormalities in CT-scan with older age, more extended ICU stay, organ solid transplants and ventilation with higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Conclusions: Most patients with severe COVID-19 still exhibit abnormalities in CT scans or lung function tests three to six months after discharge. Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar secuelas pulmonares de COVID-19 através de evaluación radiológica y de función pulmonar.Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, de cohortes de marzo de 2020 a marzo de 2021. Ámbito: Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) en un hospital terciario en Portugal. Pacientes: Se incluyeron un total de 254 pacientes con COVID-19 confirmada por ensayo de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa en tiempo real de hisopos nasales/faríngeos. Intervenciones: Se realizaron una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) de tórax y pruebas de función pulmonar (PFP) a los 3 a 6 meses. Principales variables de interés: TAC; PFP; Disminución de capacidad de difusión de monóxido de carbono (DLCO). Resultados: Todas TAC revelaron una mejora en el seguimiento, con el 72 % de los pacientes que aún mostraban anomalías, el 58 % con opacidades en vidrio esmerilado y el 62 % con evidencia de fibrosis. La PFP presentó anomalías en 94 pacientes (46 %): trece pacientes tenían un patrón obstructivo, 35 un patrón restrictivo y 58 tenían una DLCO disminuida. La regresión logística multivariada mostró más anomalías en la función pulmonar con hospitalización en la UCI más prolongada, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), enfermedad renal crónica, ventilación mecánica invasiva y ventilación con presión de meseta más alta, y más anomalías en la tomografía computarizada con mayor edad, estancia más prolongada en la UCI, y ventilación con mayor Titulación de Pression Positiva Expiratória (PEEP). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes con COVID-19 grave aún presentan anomalías en las tomografías computarizadas o en las pruebas de función pulmonar de tres a seis meses después del alta.

Resumo Contexto A veia safena interna é a principal veia superficial do membro inferior, sendo também a mais utilizada para cirurgias de enxerto arterial para revascularização de membros inferiores. O conhecimento prévio da qualidade da veia pode orientar a mudança da estratégia terapêutica, evitando cirurgias fadadas ao insucesso. Observou- se, com frequência, a discrepância entre achados intraoperatórios e exames de imagem. Objetivos Avaliar e comparar o calibre da veia safena interna através de dois métodos de imagem [ultrassonografia (USG) dúplex e angiotomografia computadorizada (angio TC)] e do padrão-ouro (medida no intraoperatório). Métodos Tratou-se de estudo prospectivo observacional. Os dados coletados foram obtidos dos procedimentos médicos de rotina realizados pela equipe de Cirurgia Vascular. Resultados Foram avaliados 41 pacientes, seguidos clinicamente por 12 meses, sendo 27 (65,8%) do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 65,37 anos. Dezenove (46,3%) pacientes foram submetidos a enxerto fêmoro-poplíteo, e 22 (53,7%) a enxertos distais. Os diâmetros da veia safena foram em média 16,4% menores na TC e 33,8% menores na USG, quando medidos em decúbito dorsal no pré-operatório, comparados ao diâmetro externo após dilatação hidrostática no intraoperatório. Não houve diferença estatística das medidas da cirurgia quando se comparou sexo, peso e altura. Conclusões A avaliação do calibre da veia safena foi subestimada pelos exames de USG e TC pré-operatórias com o paciente em decúbito dorsal, em relação à medida intraoperatória. Em pacientes em programação de enxerto para revascularização, a escolha do conduto deve levar esse dado em consideração para que não ocorra exclusão precipitada do uso da veia safena no planejamento.

Baço – acessório localizado dentro do parênquima pancreático – é uma anomalia congênita do tecido esplênico, com características morfológicas e histológicas semelhante ao baço normal apresentado, geralmente, na cauda do pâncreas. O baço acessório intrapancreático (BAI) trata-se, sobretudo, de uma lesão benigna, usualmente assintomática e encontrada incidentalmente em estudos de imagem, mas que suscitam frequentemente uma preocupação de malignidade e podem ser radiologicamente indistinguíveis de tumores neuroendócrinos, tumores pancreáticos e adenocarcinomas. O presente estudo visa, portanto, relatar um caso de baço acessório intrapancreático através da tomografia computadorizada (TC) e ressonância magnética (RM), além de correlacionar os achados radiográficos do relato de caso com outros métodos radiológicos encontrados na revisão de literatura. As informações contidas foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com o paciente, registro fotográfico dos métodos diagnósticos em geral e dados laboratoriais, aos quais o paciente foi submetido. Nesse contexto, o relato de caso é de um homem com história prévia de carcinoma de células renais que, após realização de nefrectomia total à esquerda e de linfonodos retroperitoneais, constatou no seguimento de seus exames de controle pós-operatório uma imagem nodular na cauda pancreática sugestiva de metástase, mas que, através do estudo tomográfico e de RM, foi possível realizar o correto diagnóstico, tratando-se apenas de uma afecção benigna assintomática e de intervenção conservadora descrita como BAI.

Las imágenes médicas de la anatomía maxilofacial pueden ser consideradas como una de las más difundidas e importantes en la imagen diagnóstica de la actualidad. Una imagen del aparato masticatorio es relevante desde el punto de vista de la medicina, para tratamientos tan comunes como una ortodoncia hasta tratamientos complejos como un implante óseo. Actualmente los tipos de imágenes para diagnóstico más utilizadas en este campo son la Radiografía Panorámica Tradicional en el campo de la Ortopantomografía (OPG) y la Tomografía Computada (CT). Los odontólogos y médicos actuales solicitan este tipo de exámenes médicos para hacer diagnóstico de enfermedades, lesiones o estudios previos a los tratamientos. Dado que estas imágenes médicas son las más comunes y difundidas, es importante conocer que características, ventajas y desventajas ofrecen cada una de ellas en el contexto de la odontología y que aplicaciones clínicas específicas existen para OPG y CT. En esta investigación se expondrá también temas poco estudiados en las imágenes médicas del sistema maxilofacial y odontológicas, como lo es el cálculo de dosis y protección radiológica tanto en OPG como en CT. Se expondrá brevemente también, aspectos básicos de la calidad de imagen en ambos tipos de obtención de imagen. Finalmente se expone una comparación entre ambos métodos.

The approach to infectious diseases ranges from identification of the etiologic agent to treatment. In pneumonia, diagnostic tools are diverse; such as computed axial tomography, chest radiography and recently lung ultrasound (LUS), each with advantages and disadvantages. For this reason, we set out to systematically review the literature on the diagnostic accuracy of PU in the detection of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients, and to determine whether it is an optimal diagnostic tool. MEDLINE, CENTRAL and LILACS databases were searched. The quality of the included articles was determined using the "QUADAS-2" tool. The sensitivity and specificity of the UP were 82.8%-100% and 61.1%-98.7%. Chest X-ray sensitivity was 47%-72.7%, and specificity was 50%. Inter-observer agreement was determined with a range for the index κ = 0.79-0.88 for UP. In this study it was demonstrated that the UP used for the diagnosis of CAP has a better performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity; in addition, its low cost, availability, convenience and absence of ionization, ensures the usefulness of this diagnostic tool (PROSPERO ID 332552). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 61-year-old male, who presented with generalized abdominal pain, associated with distention and defense. He reports that the pain started approximately 6 hours prior to the consultation. Relevant medical history includes a history of arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Upon arrival to the emergency room, relevant laboratory findings included a creatinine value of 2.31 mg/dL and elevated lactate values. Despite management, and without other relevant findings on physical examination, the patient persisted with severe abdominal pain. Due to clinical suspicion of mesenteric ischemia, an abdominal angio-tomography was performed, showing multiple arterial thrombosis involving the superior and inferior mesenteric artery and other vascular structures. The patient was transferred to a tertiary hospital and taken to the operating room, but due to the great vascular compromise he died during the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Basal nuclei are gray matter substances, involved in the regulation of different metabolic functions and are vulnerable to situations of hypoxia and different pathological situations. Imaging findings are not specific in most cases. Case of report: The cases of ten patients with bilateral metabolic lesions in the basal nuclei treated at a national reference hospital in Peru are reported, and a review of the literature is carried out: 3 cases of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, 2 of Wernicke's encephalopathy, 1 with hepatolenticular degeneration, 1 with extrapontine myelinolysis, 1 methanol intoxication and 2 with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusion: Bilateral lesions of the basal nuclei as a result of metabolic lesions are nonspecific, so the clinical context is of vital importance, as well as the particularities of the imaging findings, for the adequate recognition of the etiological entities and their timely management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The great saphenous vein is the main superficial vein of the lower limb, and also the most used as arterial graft for lower limb revascularization. Prior knowledge of the quality of the vein can guide the change in the therapeutic strategy, avoiding surgeries that are doomed to failure. The discrepancy between intraoperative findings of the quality of the great saphenous vein and imaging tests was also frequently observed. Objectives: Evaluate the diameter of the great saphenous vein through two imaging methods (Duplex Ultrasound and Computed Tomography) and the gold-standard (intraoperative direct measurement of the vein), comparing the results. Methods: Prospective, observational study, where the data collected were obtained from routine medical procedures performed by the Vascular Surgery team. Results: 41 patients were evaluated, with a 12-month follow-up. 27 (65.85%) were male, with a mean age of 65.37 years. 19 (46.34%) patients underwent femoropopliteal graft and 22 (53.66%) underwent distal grafts. Preoperative saphenous vein internal diameters were on average, with the patient supine, 16.4% smaller on CT and 33.8% smaller on USG than the external diameter after intraoperative hydrostatic dilatation. There was no statistical difference in measurements when sex, weight and height were considered. Conclusions: The assessment of saphenous vein diameter was underestimated by preoperative USG and CT scans when compared to intraoperative measurements. Thus, in patients undergoing graft planning for revascularization, the choice of conduit should take this data into consideration so that there is no unnecessary exclusion of the use of the saphenous vein in planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: cerebrovascular disease is the name given to conditions that cause a transient or permanent brain disorder caused by ischemia or hemorrhage secondary to a pathological process of the blood vessels of the brain. Objective: to describe the tomographic findings in patients diagnosed with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: a descriptive, longitudinal, prospective research was conducted at the “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Hospital from January 2019 to March 2021. The population consisted of patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage seen in the Imaging Service who underwent simple tomography and angiotomography. Documentary analysis of the study record book of the Imaging Department and the individual clinical history were used; data were collected in a review guide. Results: the patients studied were predominantly female and over 50 years of age. CT showed a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of the disease and its etiology and the cause was predominantly aneurysmal. Most aneurysms were saccular, medium-sized, with involvement mainly of the segment of the anterior communicating artery and bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery. Conclusions: tomographic findings demonstrate the usefulness of simple tomography as the first study in case of suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage. The usefulness of angiotomography in the etiological diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: hybrid studies produce a total radiation dose that is the result of the dose imparted by the radiopharmaceutical and that emitted by the computed tomography, therefore optimization is essential.Objective: to evaluate the relationship of the computed tomography dose with some image quality parameters in hybrid study protocols.Methods: to evaluate the image quality, the Catphan and Livermore phantom were used in 12 pre-established protocols of a Mediso single photon emission tomography equipment. The data for the dose descriptors for each study were obtained from the DICOM head. The classic image quality parameters such as noise and the MTF 50% for the Catphan phantom, and others such as the contrast-noise ratio, the average of Hounsfield numbers and their standard deviation in the regions of interest of the corresponding organs were compared, in Livermore's phantom. The relationship of these quality parameters with the dose descriptors of the different protocols was analyzed.Results: the quality-related parameters in the Catphan phantom did not show significant differences (p Conclusions: the study of the contrast noise ratio and the deviation of the computed tomography numbers in the regions of interest can serve as a quantitative parameter for the optimization of doses in the clinical setting.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: Estudios previos han asociado la gravedad de la calcificación de las lesiones coronarias evaluadas con angiografía coronaria invasiva (ACI) con un número limitado de medidas obtenidas con tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la correlación de una amplia y exhaustiva serie de medidas de OCT con la gravedad de la calcificación estimada por ACI. Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 75 pacientes (75 lesiones) de un único centro a quienes se realizaron simultáneamente ACI y OCT. La OCT se llevó a cabo tras la administración de nitroglicerina intracoronaria antes del intervencionismo coronario. En la ACI, la calcificación coronaria se valoró utilizando un sistema de clasificación en tres grados. Con OCT se evaluaron el máximo ángulo, el área, el grosor máximo, la longitud y la profundidad del calcio. Resultados: La ACI detectó menos lesiones calcificadas que la OCT (n = 69; 92%) y todos los casos detectados por ACI fueron identificados con OCT (n = 30; 100%). La OCT no encontró calcio en ninguna de las lesiones sin calcio en la ACI (n = 6; 100%). La sensibilidad de la ACI fue del 43,5%, (IC95%, 0,32-0,56) y la especificidad del 100% (IC95%, 0,52-1,0). A medida que se incrementaron el ángulo, el grosor y el área del calcio por OCT también aumentó la gravedad del calcio determinada por ACI en la mayoría de los casos. Conclusiones: La ACI tiene una baja sensibilidad, pero una alta especificidad, para la detección de lesiones calcificadas en comparación con la OCT. Al incrementarse el ángulo, el grosor, el área y la longitud del calcio en la OCT aumenta el número de lesiones con calcificación grave en la ACI.

El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de la estrategia educativa a través de cinco módulos de aprendizaje sobre procesos secuenciales en tomografía para la detección precisa del cáncer de estómago, aplicado a estudiantes del cuarto año de tecnología médica en radiología. Metodología: cuasiexperimental, prospectivo, de grupo único, con valoración pre test y post test, participaron 32 estudiantes regulares. Resultados: en el pre test se obtuvo en los módulos I al V un nivel bajo de comprensión; luego aplicando la intervención educativa se obtuvo en el post test de los módulos I al III un nivel medio de comprensión y en los módulos IV y V un nivel alto de comprensión. Además, se determinó que al recibir la intervención educativa los estudiantes muestran mayor conocimiento que en el pre test expresado en un (p

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TECHNO Review is the property of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Portal vein aneurysms are a rare entity, accounting for only 3% of venous aneurysms. In our country there are no reports of this entity. The first reported case of a portal vein aneurysm was reported by Barzilai and Kleckner in 1956. Since then, less than 200 cases have been reported in the world literature, mainly as case reports or small surgical series. Imaging studies such as axial tomography and magnetic resonance facilitate an accurate morphological diagnosis and possible complications, which are necessary for patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emphysematous gastritis is a pathology characterized by the presence of variable amounts of gas within the gastric wall, which can adopt different morphological configuration. It is a rare entity with a high mortality rate that is mostly identified by computed tomography and it could become an incidental finding, as it is in this clinical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urachal adenocarcinoma is an unusual neoplasm that accounts for about 1% of bladder cancers and is therefore considered a rare disease. We present the case of a 30-year-old man with hemospermia history who, when performing bladder ultrasound and urotomography, presented findings compatible with urachus adecarcinoma, a disease with silent presentation usually in young adults, image analysis was performed and was briefly compared with the literature described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El coronavirus es un agente viral, responsable de la pandemia actual, declarada como una emergencia de salud pública por la OMS, que inició en Wuhan, China. El COVID-19 está causando un compromiso pulmonar severo en algunos pacientes. La tomografía axial computarizada ha demostrado ser un método diagnóstico lo suficientemente sensible para complementar el diagnóstico de neumonía por coronavirus, apoyando a la prueba de RCP-RT. El compromiso de la relación ventilación/perfusión en algunos casos puede ayudar a orientar sobre la gravedad del compromiso pulmonar, y en otros, puede servir de pronóstico. La relación ventilación/perfusión pude ser calculada a través de la fórmula de la Diferencia Alveolo-arterial de oxígeno (DA-a02), junto a esta, el índice de Kirby es una medida indirecta que permite evaluar el grado de insuficiencia respiratoria como producto de un proceso inflamatorio pulmonar, shunt intrapulmonar. Los resultados de ambos cálculos sumados a los hallazgos de imagen de la TAC y los elementos semiológicos, pueden ser orientadores del estado funcional pulmonar, y el riesgo de tener una evolución no favorable. La aplicación de estos principios de la fisiología pulmonar en el contexto fisiopatológico de la infección pulmonar por COVID-19 puede ser de utilidad en la práctica médica. En nuestro caso la distribución de las lesiones observadas en la TAC por COVID-19 pudiera estar en relación con las áreas de afectación en el parénquima pulmonar observadas y el compromiso que tiene el proceso inflamatorio pulmonar en desequilibrar las zonas de intercambio gaseoso, la relación ventilación/perfusión (V/Q). The coronavirus is a viral agent, responsible for the current pandemic, declared a public health emergency by the WHO, which began in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is causing severe lung involvement in some patients. Computerized axial tomography has proven to be a sufficiently sensitive diagnostic method to complement the diagnosis of coronavirus pneumonia, supporting the RT-CPR test. The compromise of the ventilation / perfusion ratio in some cases can help to guide the severity of the lung compromise, and in others, it can serve as a prognosis. The ventilation / perfusion relationship can be calculated through the formula of the Alveolar-arterial Oxygen Difference (DA-a02), together with this, the Kirby index is an indirect measure that allows evaluating the degree of respiratory failure as a product of a pulmonary inflammatory process, intrapulmonary shunt. The results of both calculations, added to the CT imaging findings and the semiological elements, can be indicative of the pulmonary functional status and the risk of having an unfavorable evolution. Applying these principles of lung physiology in the pathophysiological context of COVID-19 lung infection may be useful in medical practice. In our case, the distribution of the injuries observed in the CT scan by COVID-19 could be related to the areas of affectation in the lung parenchyma observed and the commitment that the pulmonary inflammatory process has in unbalancing the gas exchange zones, the ventilation ratio / perfusion (V / Q).