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The analytical goal of this paper is to provide a treatment of number and aspect as syntactic properties of the Tohono 'O'odham sign. It situates duplication (one of the phonological expressions of syntactic number) and subtraction (one of the phonological expressions of aspect) within this treatment. Morphological analysis might be easier if there were a one-to-one relationship between grammatical notion and phonological expression--if, for example, 'plural' number in Language-L were always and only associated with the presence of the morph Z. Whether the investigation begins with 'plural' or with Z, it would cover the same ground. However, the properties of Tohono 'O'odham morphology, where duplication is only one of the expressions of syntactic number and subtraction only one of the expressions of aspect, are relatively common. This paper argues, therefore, that the grammatical notion, not the phonological expression, provides the appropriate starting point for morphological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two projects that combine research with community needs. The first project is an effort to develop a community-based team to work with archival recordings of Tohono O'odham. These recordings are located throughout the United States, yet are inaccessible, unpublished, and even untranscribed and untranslated. The second project represents recent work to develop a service-learning course at Texas Tech University, where tutors earn credit by tutoring English as a second language. This is done in collaboration with Literacy Lubbock, a community agency that already provides literacy and ESL instruction, with particular attention to working with Spanish speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I describe and analyze a novel pattern ~ secondary stress in Tohono O'odham. Tohono O'odham (formerly known as Papago) assigns primary stress to the first syllable in content words (Hale 1959; Saxton 1963; Hill and Zepeda 1992). Fieldwork by the author on Tohono O'odham shows that a word-final secondary stress is disallowed in monomorphemic words but is allowed in polymorphemic words. This descriptive generalization holds regardless of the morphological composition or the derivational history of the word. This appears to be a novel stress pattern in the world's languages; no similar pattern appears in either Halle and Vergnaud (1987) or Hayes (1995), two important typological works on metrical systems. Optimality theory (McCarthy and Prince 1993; Prince and Smolensky 1993) ranks constraints in a single hierarchy that evaluates both derived and underived words without a serial derivation. O'odham secondary stress is accounted for in this way by proposing the morpheme-to-stress principle, a constraint requiring that each morpheme be stressed. This is true, as long as rhythmic considerations against clashes and lapses are respected. The morpheme-to-stress principle provides an optimality-theoretic account of this interesting metrical asymmetry between derived and underived words in Tohono O'odham and offers an account of other types of morphological stress systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the pattern of secondary stress in Tohono O'odham, a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in southern Arizona and Sonorao, Mexico. Relationship of secondary stress to the morphological complexity of a form; Description of general stress pattern; Opinion of native speakers on syllable count stress; Discussion on metrical stress theory.

Discusses the distinction between pluralization class and countability in Tohono O'odham (TO), a language of the Tepiman subfamily of Southern Uto-Aztecan spoken in southern Arizon and northern Sonora, Mexico. Identification of the different forms in which formal phonological distinction in TO involves; How long vowels in the reduplicated syllable of noun plurals in TO can be predicted; Phonological results of long-vowel reduplication.

In the summer of 1995, only a blink away from the 21st century, several members of the Tohono O'odham Nation came together for a two-week training workshop for O'odham language teachers at the college and university level Within the short two-week period this group began to experiment with various alternatives for turning the tide of language loss among the Tohono O'odham community, including building on the rich oral tradition of the people and pilot projects using the latest computing equipment. This article considers these and other language-maintenance efforts in light of the current status of the Tohono O'odham language of Arizona. The goals of the article are to describe the present status of spoken and written Tohono O'odham and prevailing attitudes held by members of the O'odham Tribe about their language; to describe approaches being attempted to maintain the O'odham language; and to consider the current economic and political stance of the O'odham Nation relative to language survival Finally, the article considers the current role of the Tohono O'odham's lucrative gaming industry: will there be revenue available now for the tribe to help itself in turning the tide of language loss? Both realistic and hypothetical solutions to O'odham language maintenance and survival are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the vocabulary and style in the Papago language of Papago Indians. Features of the Indian language; Comparison of the Papago language with other Indian languages; Details on the verb forms in the Papago language.

Se presenta información acerca de los tepimanos, también conocidos como pímicos, un grupo indígena de México, con un enfoque en sus lenguajes como pápago, pima y tepehuano del norte.