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This document presents the technical appendices and selected data tables from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Included are a description of the survey; statistical methods and limitations of the data; effects of changes in survey protocol on trend measurement; key definitions for the 1999-2001 survey years; and other sources of data. Appendixes contain references, sample size and population tables, and selected prevalence tables. (Contains 110 references, 54 figures, and 121 tables.) (GCP)

Cohabitation is an increasingly prevalent living arrangement in the United States. Although the effects of living in a cohabiting arrangement on child wellbeing are not fully understood, the literature on children growing up in cohabiting families suggests that they have poorer developmental outcomes than do those growing up in married-parent families or in single-parent families. This paper uses data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey to see if cohabiting couples with children spend their income on a different set of goods (i.e., have a different distribution of expenditure) than either married parents or single parents. Using a variety of analytical tools, the results find that cohabiting couples spend a substantially larger share of their total expenditure on alcohol and tobacco than do either married-parent families or single parents. Cohabiting couples with children also spend less on health care and less on education than do married parents. (Contains 39 references.) (Author/SM)

This workbook presents a two-tiered strategy designed to enable mid to senior high school students to become Tobacco Awareness Peer Mentors, and to talk to fourth and fifth grade students about their personal experiences with tobacco and what they have read for themselves in actual tobacco documents. Each of the five units in the workbook includes tobacco documents and/or advertisements with companion exercises/worksheets. Each unit allows for up to 50 minutes of class time and teachers have discretion and flexibility to select age and ability appropriate material where applicable. In addition to document review, components of this training include de-briefing for family and peer-related tobacco issues, group discussion about suggested approaches for presentation to younger children and written reflection by participants on all aspects of their voluntary mandate--especially feedback from those who are, or are in the process of becoming ex-smokers. (GCP)

This Kids Count report examines statewide, countywide, and citywide trends in the well-being of Colorado's children. Following a brief foreword, the report presents state data and city data for 15 major cities in the form of a report card. The report cards relay: demographic data related to number of children by age and race; indicators of child health and well-being related to births for the period of 1991-2000 including trend changes; lists of promising trends, troubling trends, stable indicators; and general conclusions. The third section presents comparative state and city data for the period 1991-2000 for the following indicators: (1) births to single women; (2) births to single teens; (3) births to mothers with no high school diploma; (4) three-risk-factor births (mothers under 25, unmarried, with fewer that 12 years of education); (5) repeat teen births; (6) low birth weight births; (7) births to women receiving late or no prenatal care; (8) births to mothers who smoked during pregnancy; and (9) infant mortality rate. The fourth section presents county data for the year 2000 for the following indicators: (1) demographics; (2) median household income; (3) children in poverty; (4) live births; (5) births to single women; (6) low birthweight births; (7) late or no prenatal care; (8) teen birth rate; (9) three-risk-factor births; (10) infant mortality; (11) child deaths; (12) teen deaths; (13) child abuse or neglect; (14) out-of-home placement; (15) children in families enrolled in TANF; (16) children in families receiving WIC; (17) children enrolled in Medicaid; (18) children enrolled in child health plan plus; (19) children receiving free or reduced lunch; (20) high school graduation rate; and (21) high school dropout rate. The report concludes with data notes and definitions. (SD)

The 2001 Wisconsin Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was conducted as part of a national effort by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to monitor health-risk behaviors of the nations high school students. This report contains findings from the 2001 Wisconsin YRBS in eight priority areas: protective assets, unintentional injuries, weapons and violence, suicide, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behavior, and diet and exercise. The full report also includes an analysis of the relationship between risk behaviors and protective assets, and provides comparisons of behaviors between demographic groups and over time. The YRBS was administered to 2,120 students in 54 public high schools in Wisconsin in the spring of 2001. The students who participated in the survey are representative of all ninth through twelfth grade public school students in Wisconsin. Due to the small sample size for various demographic groups, the comparisons of responses to questions by race are limited to white and black students only. The 2001 Wisconsin data are compared to the 1993, 1997, and 1999 Wisconsin data and the 1999 National YRBS data to indicate trends and comparisons. Three appendices include the questionnaire, data tables, and references. (Contains 43 references, 2 tables, and 62 figures.) (GCP)

This KIDS COUNT factbook details statewide and county trends in the well-being of Wyoming's children. Following an overview of key indicators, the factbook documents state trends for 36 indicators: (1) child and youth population; (2) births; (3) unintended pregnancy; (4) low birth weight babies; (5) early prenatal care; (6) immunizations; (7) chronic disease; (8) early identification, diagnosis, and intervention; (9) injury; (10) family violence; (11) infant deaths; (12) child deaths; (13) babies born to unmarried mothers of all ages; (14) births to mothers who smoked during pregnancy; (15) alcohol and illegal drug use during pregnancy; (16) teen births; (17) sexually transmitted diseases; (18) adolescent tobacco use; (19) adolescent drug and alcohol use; (20) children affected by divorce; (21) juvenile crime arrests; (22) teen violent deaths; (23) teen motor vehicle related deaths; (24) teen suicides; (25) child and adolescent nutrition and obesity; (26) education; (27) average daily membership in schools; (28) drop out incidences; (29) infants, toddlers, and preschoolers with developmental disabilities; (30) licensed child care facilities; (31) Head Start; (32) STARS (a system that tracks licensed child care providers); (33) poverty; (34) welfare reform; (35) "Kid Care" (state children's health insurance program); and (36) children with asthma. The factbook next summarizes findings from the Wyoming Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2001. The remainder of the factbook presents county profiles addressing selected demographic, education, child health, and well-being indicators for the period 1990-2000. The data indicate declining trends in low birth weight babies, child and youth population, births, and juvenile arrests for all crime types. Increasing trends are noted for the percent of babies born to single mothers, percent of children living in poverty, and births of mothers with only a high school education or less. The factbook concludes with information on advocacy opportunities. (HTH)

To examine changes in tobacco use among high school students in Alabama from 1995 to 1999, Alabama Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) survey data were analyzed. The survey has been used since 1990 to examine the health practices of adolescents and to monitor priority health-risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth. The YRBS specifically monitors (1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; (2) tobacco use; (3) alcohol and other drug use; (4) sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease; (5) dietary behaviors; and (6) physical activity. Analysis showed that Alabama adolescent risk behaviors pose serious threats to their health. These risk behaviors are strongly linked to significant indicators of social and psychological well-being, including education, job performance, quality of family and social relationships, and economic stability of the state. (Contains 6 tables and 12 references.) (JDM)

This report completes the series of "Healthy People 2000 Reviews" published to monitor and evaluate U.S. progress toward year 2000 targets. It examines Healthy People 2000 goals (to increase the span of healthy life, reduce health disparities, and achieve access to preventive services); discusses health indicators and priority data needs; and examines sentinel objectives (national and state data). It also highlights progress in the 22 priority areas. For each area, there is a progress quotient chart, a discussion of objectives addressing the area's specific public health significance, data highlights, progress toward the objectives, major results, transition to Healthy People 2010, and data issues. Each area also includes a summary data table and the full text of the objectives. Overall, 68 of the 319 main objectives met the year 2000 targets, and another 129 showed movement toward the targets. Data for 35 objectives showed mixed results, and 7 showed no change. The status of 32 objectives could not be assessed. Many targets were revised during the midcourse review process, generally to make the target more challenging. Technical notes and tables comprise the appendix. (Chapters contain references.) (SM)

This paper reports on models that clarify the meaning of trends in 8th grade smoking in one of America's most rural and least densely populated states. It is based on cross-sectional analysis of data collected in the "Kansas Communities That Care Survey" from 1995 to 1999. The analysis of trends data is presented in table form utilizing techniques commonly applied in epidemiological studies. The results give support to the thesis that gender is not nearly as important in identifying high-risk youth as behaviors and relationships. Attitudes toward violence and the use of drugs by peers are far better predictors of drug use than ethnicity and gender. It suggests that understanding the psychological etiology of adolescent drug abuse and developing programs that prevent the mental deterioration of children will be more effective than drug-specific programs that attack symptoms but leave the underlying disease untouched. (Contains 8 tables and 14 endnotes.) (JDM)

This report presents information from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) on rates of use, numbers of users, and other measures related to illicit drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and other forms of tobacco. This report includes separate chapters that summarize the findings of the survey on five topics: use of illicit drugs; use of alcohol; use of tobacco products; initiation of substance use; and prevention-related issues. A final chapter summarizes the results and discusses key findings in relation to other research and survey results. General conclusions from the 2000 NHSDA include: substance use rates were generally level or declining between 1999 and 2000; and use and abuse of licit and illicit substances in the U.S. remains a major problem, affecting a large portion of the population. Appendices give technical details on the survey methodology, discuss other sources of data, and provide references and detailed tabulations of estimates. Tables and text present prevalence measures for the population in terms of both the number of substance users and the rate of substance use for illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco products. Tables show estimates of drug use prevalence in the lifetime, past year, and past month. The analysis focuses primarily on past month use, which is also referred to as current use. (Contains approximately 78 references, 87 tables, and 34 figures.)(GCP)

Research has long shown that the abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs is the single most serious health problem in the United States, straining the health care system, burdening the economy, and contributing to the health problems and death of millions of Americans every year. Today, substance abuse causes more deaths, illnesses, and disabilities than any other preventable health condition. This report presents key policy-relevant indicators with an emphasis on trends over time. Following an overview, the book us divided into three parts and is designed to provide building blocks of information. Beginning with patterns of use, it moves on to the consequences of use and concludes with ways to combat the problem. Trend data shows that while tobacco, alcohol and other drug use are down from the peak levels of earlier decades, and the perception of risk associated with substance abuse has increased since then, pockets of high use remain, and risky experimentation by youth continues. Among other findings, the report discusses the role the media have played in influencing youth substance use and looks at how treatment, though shown to be effective by numerous scientific studies, is severely underutilized. (GCP)

This Kids Count data book examines statewide trends in the well-being of Indiana's children. The statistical portrait is based on indicators in 10 general areas: (1) child and family demographics; (2) economic well-being; (3) poverty; (4) child safety; (5) child abuse and neglect; (6) education; (7) child health; (8) mortality; (9) high risk behavior; and (10) juvenile justice. The first part of the data book summarizes findings in the areas listed above. The data indicate an increase in single parent households, cases of child abuse, and infant mortality. The data also indicate a decrease in teen birth rates, high school graduation rates, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, marijuana use, juvenile arrest rates, and juvenile delinquency cases. The second section of the data book includes indicator definitions and data sources. The remainder and bulk of the data book contains state and county profiles for the indicators, with comparison data for the current year and a baseline year. (SD)

This KIDS COUNT factbook details statewide trends in the well-being of Wyoming's children. Following an overview of key indicators, the factbook documents state trends for 36 indicators: (1) child and youth population; (2) births; (3) unintended pregnancy; (4) low birth weight babies; (5) early prenatal care; (6) immunizations; (7) chronic disease; (8) early identification, diagnosis, and intervention; (9) injury; (10) family violence; (11) infant deaths; (12) child deaths; (13) babies born to unmarried mothers of all ages; (14) births to mothers who smoked during pregnancy; (15) alcohol and illegal drug use during pregnancy; (16) teen births; (17) sexually transmitted diseases; (18) adolescent tobacco use; (19) adolescent drug and alcohol use; (20) children affected by divorce; (21) juvenile crime arrests; (22) teen violent deaths; (23) teen motor vehicle related deaths; (24) teen suicides; (25) child and adolescent nutrition and obesity; (26) education; (27) average daily membership in schools; (28) drop out incidences; (29) infants, toddlers, and preschoolers with developmental disabilities; (30) licensed child care facilities; (31) Head Start; (32) STARS (a system that tracks licensed child care providers); (33) poverty; (34) welfare reform; (35) "Kid Care" (state children's health insurance program); and (36) children with asthma. The factbook continues with a section on state and county profiles addressing selected demographic, education, child health, and well-being indicators for the period 1990-1999. The data indicate declining trends in low birth weight babies, child and youth population, births, and juvenile arrests for all crime types. Increasing trends are noted for the percent of babies born to single mothers, teen suicide, drop out rate, percent of children in single parent households, teen birth rate, and juvenile arrests for violent crime. The factbook concludes with information on advocacy opportunities. (SD)

In spring 2001, 5,654 American Indian high school students attending schools funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) completed the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The survey examined youth behaviors in the areas of motor vehicle safety, weapons, violence, suicide, current and lifetime tobacco use, current and lifetime drug and alcohol use, substance use on school property, sexuality, nutrition, and physical activity. This report presents the findings by gender and grade (grades 9-12) and compares them with findings from 1997 and 1994 surveys. Students surveyed in 2001 were more likely than students in 1997 and 1994 to wear seat belts, use condoms, attend a physical education class, think they were overweight, and attempt to lose weight. Students surveyed in 2001 were less likely than students in 1997 or 1994 to: ride with a drinking driver; seriously consider suicide; smoke cigarettes; use smokeless tobacco; drink alcohol; use marijuana; use inhalants; or have had sexual intercourse with four or more sex partners. Thirty data tables present findings. (TD)

This publication presents K-12 tobacco use prevention lesson plans for schools in the state of Montana. Lessons for students in grades K-6 include: family connections; body tracing; smokeless tobacco; prenatal development; tobacco look-alikes; tobacco chemicals; analyzing tobacco and alcohol ads; tobacco use and the lungs; and a personal health survey. Lessons for students in grades 7-12 include: assertiveness and tobacco; long-term effects of tobacco on the body; tobacco advertising; decision making; understanding choices; resisting temptation; drugs and crime; nicotine addiction; the media myth; and the tobacco industry. Each lesson includes: the objective; life skills addressed; teaching facility required; necessary equipment and materials; information; classroom arrangement; instructional strategies; and resources. (SM)

This book is designed to help coaches, school administrators, and state and local health departments reach out to young people with messages about the importance of choosing a healthy, active, and tobacco-free lifestyle. The playbook is filled with examples of successful tobacco-free policies, media campaigns, and education programs that will encourage you to think about the many creative and effective ways to incorporate sports into tobacco-free activities. A directory of materials is provided for kids, parents, and schools, for youth coaches and referees, and for health departments and organizations. Additional resources include a summary of state activities and facts about kids and tobacco. (GCP)

This Kids Count fact book examines statewide trends in well-being for South Dakota's children. The statistical portrait is based on 26 indicators in the areas of demographics, health, education, economic status, and safety. The indicators are: (1) population; (2) family profile; (3) poverty thresholds; (4) infant mortality; (5) low birth weight rate; (6) child death rate; (7) teen violent death rate; (8) births to single teens; (9) prenatal care; (10) immunization rates; (11) school enrollment; (12) dropout rates; (13) children with special needs; (14) poverty rates; (15) TANF and food stamp use; (16) Medicaid participation; (17) child care availability; (18) per capita personal income; (19) women in the workforce; (20) median household income; (21) juvenile offense referrals; (22) child abuse and neglect; (23) youth related traffic accidents; (24) juvenile drug and alcohol treatment admissions; (25) youth tobacco survey; and (26) youth risk behaviors. The first part of the fact book presents introductory materials and a fact book summary. The major portion of the report presents state and county data tables for each indicator. Among the findings, the fact book shows that infant and child deaths decreased, high school dropouts increased, the number of children living with parents without full-time, year-round employment increased, and the portion of South Dakota children living in poverty had decreased. The report concludes with a section listing data resources, Web sites of interest, information on performing data calculations, and interpretation instructions. (SD)

This curriculum planning guide is designed to help Montana school districts design an appropriate tobacco use prevention and education program. It focuses on: "Tobacco Use Prevention Education: The OPI (Office of Public Instruction) Perspective"; "Instructional Guidelines" (key issues in program planning and major health education content areas); "Guidelines for School Health Programs To Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction: An Overview of the CDC Guidelines"; "Guidelines for School Health Programs To Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction"; "CDC/DASH (CDC's Division of Adolescent and School Health) Research to Classroom Project"; "General Criteria for Evaluating Tobacco Use Prevention and Education Curricula"; "Matching Approaches To Tobacco Use Prevention and Education With Childhood Development"; "Educational Materials and Resources on Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation"; "Guidelines for Reviewing Tobacco Use Prevention Education Materials"; "Guidelines for Non-School Personnel Presenting Health Programs in Montana Schools"; "A Dozen Good Reasons for Tobacco-Free Schools"; and "Where to Find Information." (Contains 71 references.) (SM)

The 1999 Wisconsin Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was conducted as part of a national survey effort by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A stratified random sample of classrooms in all public schools with ninth through twelfth grades was taken. The YRBS was administered to 1,336 students in 46 public schools in Wisconsin in the spring of 1999. The students who participated in the survey are representative of students in Wisconsin. The results of this survey can be used to make important references concerning the health-risk behavior of all Wisconsin public high school students in grades 9 through 12. The following issues were examined in the survey: assets, unintentional injuries, weapons and violence, suicide, tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, sexual behavior, diet and exercise, and relationships between risk factors. A questionnaire is provided. (Contains 2 tables, 50 figures, and 30 references.) (MKA)

This publication presents 10-year health objectives for the nation, reflecting the scientific advances that have occurred in the past 20 years in preventive medicine, disease surveillance, vaccine and therapeutic development, and information technology. It incorporates information from a broad cross-section of scientific experts. The publication includes 467 objectives in 28 focus areas. An "Introduction" discusses "The History Behind the Healthy People 2010 Initiative"; "The Way Healthy People 2010 Goals and Objectives Were Developed"; "The Central Goals of Healthy People 2010"; "The Relationship Between Individual and Community Health"; "How Healthy People 2010 Will Improve the Nation's Health"; "The Key Role of Community Partnerships"; "Everyone Can Help Achieve the Healthy People 2010 Objectives"; and "Other Information Is Available about Healthy People 2010." Section 1, "A Systematic Approach to Health Improvement," discusses "Healthy People 2010 Goals,""Objectives,""Determinants of Health Status," and "Health Status." Section 2, "Leading Health Indicators," focuses on "Physical Activity"; "Overweight and Obesity"; "Tobacco Use"; "Substance Abuse"; "Responsible Sexual Behavior"; "Mental Health"; "Injury and Violence"; "Environmental Quality"; "Immunization"; and "Access to Health Care." A bibliography includes related references. An appendix presents short titles for Healthy People 2010 Objectives. (SM)

The effects of drug abuse and dependence vary, depending on the type of drug, polydrug use, and characteristics of the user. The influence of genetic, neurochemical, neuropsyiological, sociocultural, and economic factors suggest that the etiology of substance abuse and dependence is multiply determined. Models explaining the causation of substance abuse have arisen and various classification systems for drugs, their effects, and the behavior of persons abusing drugs have been developed. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of drugs commonly abused and their effects. Drugs discussed are: alcohol, inhalants, marijuana, LSD and other hallucinogens, caffeine, amphetamines and other stimulants, tobacco, barbiturates and non-barbiturate sedatives, opiates, cocaine, prescription drugs, and over-the-counter medications. Information provided about drugs and about aspects of substance abuse provides counselors with perspectives they can use to increase the effectiveness of their communications with clients and with others who work with or care about consumers and their families. Also included is a facilitator's manual which is a practical guide for teaching content through guided experiential projects. Six objectives are listed. Five student exercises are provided. (MKA)

This report discusses results of the Nevada Department of Education's fourth statewide administration of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Students in grades 9, 10, 11, and 12 (N=2,702) from 75 public high schools participated in the study. Nevada high school students reported behaviors that equaled or exceeded goals established in the national health objectives for the year 2000. These goals include reducing physical fighting, weapon carrying, injurious suicide, increasing HIV/AIDS education, and exercise/physical activity. More Nevada students are: using seatbelts; exercising and dieting to control their weight; engaging in vigorous physical activity three or more days per week; and attending physical education classes at least once a week. Fewer participants reported that they: are missing school because of safety concerns; are thinking seriously about suicide; are having sex without the use of contraception; are drinking alcohol or using marijuana on school property; have used cocaine in the last month; have a lifetime use of inhalants; and have offered, sold, or given illegal drugs on school property. While progress was made in a number of areas, backsliding is apparent in the lack of motorcycle helmet use, driving under the influence, and in the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Additionally, more than half of students now report sexual activity. Condom use is down, and an increased proportion of students have become pregnant or have gotten someone pregnant. Appendix A provides Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 10. (Contains 47 references.) (MKA)

This survey examined alcohol and other drug use among full- and part-time undergraduate students from 18 colleges in New York State. Students (n=4,646) completed questionnaires on demographics; working and living arrangements; academics; perceptions of campus substance abuse policies; drinking behavior and substance abuse patterns; and consequences of use. The study found that alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana were the primary substances used; 81 percent of students reported using alcohol, 46 percent used tobacco, and 34 percent used marijuana. Sections of the report discuss subgroups in the college population that show the highest rates of use (by student characteristic, by region of college location); the widespread practice of binge drinking; measures of all substance use (excluding tobacco); behavioral consequences of alcohol and other drug use (public misconduct, serious personal problems); students' perceptions of substance use (self-reported substance use, how often other students used various substances); perceptions of close friends' views about alcohol or other drug use; and students' perceptions of risk to themselves. In comparing the findings of this study with a 1979 study, dramatic declines were noted in alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use rates. A final section of the report offers suggestions for prevention programs. The survey questionnaire, information on methodology, and data tables are appended. (SM)

This study attempted to determine alcohol and drug use rates of students at a college located in a city with a predominant religion that promotes abstinence, and to determine what prevention strategies might be implemented to help students with drug or alcohol problems. In the fall of 1997, 612 students and 119 faculty responded to survey questions on demographics; stress levels, amount of social support, and faith; their knowledge of school drug and alcohol policies and their use of drugs and alcohol on campus; and alcohol and drug use by respondents and their family members. Based on the survey it was determined that intervention and prevention strategies should focus on gateway drug intervention (that is, alcohol and tobacco use); encouragement of active faith and spiritual beliefs; and background knowledge of family drug and alcohol problems. It was also found that the school had significantly low levels of substance abuse among students and employees, which merited formal attention. Tables summarize answers to survey questions and present data for the variables used in the path analysis model. Also appended is the employee awareness survey questionnaire. (CH)

This document provides a compilation of tobacco information for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, covering topics such as the prevalence of tobacco use, the health impact and costs associated with tobacco use, tobacco control laws, and tobacco agriculture and manufacturing. Recommended practices for school-based programs are included. The document begins by presenting state data sources and definitions, focusing on future deaths and youth environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure; adult tobacco use; health impact and costs; youth tobacco use; tobacco control legislation; and tobacco economy. The next section offers United States data sources and definitions, looking at future deaths and youth ETS exposure; adult tobacco use; health impact and costs; youth tobacco use; tobacco control legislation; and tobacco economy. The bulk of the document offers state highlights. The remainder of the document presents tobacco use prevention and control summary maps and tables. (Contains 13 references.) (SM)