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The article discusses factors to be considered by lawyers when dealing with mechanics' lien in Idaho. Topics discussed include property rights subject to a mechanics' lien, tenancy relating to mechanics' liens and steps for filing a mechanics' lien. Also discussed are lender protections against inchoate mechanics' liens, posting a bond after a mechanics' lien is recorded against a property and title insurance concerns.

The article discusses the impact of a lis pendens on selling a real property and those seeking to obtain title insurance in Florida even after the public notice has been terminated or dissolved. Topics include the intention of lis pendens to protect the interests of parties involved in a legal dispute, a definition of lis pendens, and ways in which the Florida law provides for a lis pendens to be expunged such as a court finding that the lis pendens is improper and should be resolved.

Various information retrieval algorithms have matured in recent years to facilitate data extraction from structured (with a predefined template) digital document images, primarily to manage and automate different organizations' invoice and bill reimbursement processes. The algorithms are designated either rule-based or machine-learning-based. Both approaches have respective advantages and disadvantages. The rule-based algorithms struggle to generalize and need periodic adjustments, whereas machine learning-based supervised approaches need extensive data for training and substantial time and effort for manual annotation. The proposed system attempts to address both problems by providing a one-shot training approach using image processing, template matching, and optical character recognition. The model is extensible for any structured documents such as closing disclosure, bill, tax receipt, besides invoices. The model is validated against six different structured document types obtained from a reputed title insurance (TI) company. The comprehensive analysis of the experimental results confirms entity-wise extraction accuracy between 73.91 and 100% and straight through pass 81.81%, which is within business acceptable precision for a live environment. Out of total 32 tested entities, 17 outperformed all state-of-the-art techniques, where max accuracy has been 93 % with only invoices or sales receipts. The system has been set operational to assist the robotic process automation of the TI mentioned above based on the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the twenty-first century, storing and managing digital documents has become commonplace for all corporate and public sectors around the world. Physical documents are scanned in batches and stored in a digital archive as a heterogeneous document stream, referred to as a digital package. To make Robotic Process Automation (RPA) easier, it’s necessary to automatically segment the document stream into a subset of independent, coherent multi-page documents by detecting the appropriate document boundary. It’s a common requirement of a TI company’s Automated Document Management Systems (ADMS), where business operations are automated using RPA and the goal is to extract information from digital documents with minimal user intervention. The current study proposes, evaluates, and compares a multi-modal binary classification network incorporating text and picture aspects of digital document pages to state-of-the-art baseline methodologies. Image and textual features are extracted simultaneously from the input document image by passing them through Visual Geometry Group 16 - Convolutional Neural Network (VGG16-CNN) and pre-trained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (Legal-BERT ${}_{base}$ ) model through transfer learning respectively. Both features are finally fused and passed through a fully connected layer of Multi Layered Perceptron (MLP) to obtain the binary classification of the pages as the First Page (FP) and Other Page (OP). Real-time document image streams from production business process archive were obtained from a reputed Title Insurance (TI) company for the study. The obtained $F_{1}$ score of 97.37% and 97.15% are significantly higher than the accuracies of the considered two baseline models and well above the expected Straight Through Pass (STP) threshold defined by the process admin.

World Wide Web has redefined almost all the business models in the past twenty-five to thirty years. IoT, Big Data, AI are some of the comparatively recent technologies which brought in a revolution in the digitization and management of data. Along with the revolution arose the need for data security and consumer privacy protection, primarily concerning financial institutions. The data breach of Equifax in 2017 and personal information leaks from Facebook in 2021 led to general skepticism among the customers of large corporations. The GLBA, 1999, also known as the Financial Modernization Act, was implemented by US federal law to enforce the financial institutions to protect their private information. Built upon the GLBA, guidelines are paved by FTC for all financial institutions of the United States of America, including TI companies. In this paper, an ANN-based content classification technique using MLP architecture in combination with n-gram TF-IDF feature descriptor is proposed to detect and protect the customers’ sensitive information of a reputed TI company securing it’s one of the digital image-document stores. The proposed technique is compared with other state-of-the-art strategies. Data samples from the digital document store of the company have been taken into consideration in the study, and the prediction accuracy metrics obtained are found to be substantially better and within the acceptable range defined by the organization’s information security monitoring team.

Land transactions are fraught with risk because of the nuances of property law and conveyancing practices, as well as skyrocketing land prices. This is demonstrated by the frequent occurrences of land title disputes which often leads to unsatisfactory litigation consequences for landowners. However, some landowners may be able to seek compensation through title insurance or assurance funds. This article explores the differences between assurance funds and title insurance by analysing the benefits and weaknesses of both as implemented in various jurisdictions. This research is critical for developing countries, such as Malaysia which is currently considering implementing a practical and effective scheme, to serve as a buffer against land-related litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geographical territory of India has been experiencing both the changes in the demography and its ecological balances. The explosion of population followed by environmental pollutions are matter of concern to all stake holders. In 3,287,263 Sq. KM of land surface of India, 137 crores of population of India Inc are putting a constant pressure with the population density of 455 persons per single square KM of land surface. Consequently, to this, different issues have even been crops up on air, water, environment, on ecology. Absence of an appropriate regulations has added stimulation to market irregularities to this respect and has added further stimulation. Absence of sound and scientific pricing mechanism of real estate and absence of strict surveillance on the environmental pollutions and presence of asymmetric informationbased market leads to a chaotic situation with lot of market irregularities involving a high volume of finance. These irregularities have a negative effect on the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As of now, as many as ten nations have implemented "Real Estate Title Insurance" and India is still continuing the status in an "exclusion category". Though under section 16 of The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, there is a provision of "Obligation of promoter regarding insurance of real estate project" but so far nothing significant has been done to execute the same. But even if it is executed as per the Act, its parameters on 'title issues' will be very limited only. On implementation of the proposed concept with a dedicated "real estate title insurance", it would amount to ease of doing real estate trading in India and thereby to drive the nation's economy in such a horizon which would ultimately lead to an ease of achieving US dollar 5 trillion on GDP by 2024. To build up a general conscientious on this issue, an effort has been made to explore an academic exercise in Indian context and thereby to establish its possible application in India Inc. Hence, this observatory research works, based on secondary data, is the outcome of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, it is impossible to take out a mortgage without Private Mortgage Insurance. However, it is not obligatory for the borrower to insure against all the risks suggested by the bank. According to the existing Russian legislation when you get a mortgage, you are required to insure the mortgage property only against its destruction. Nevertheless, most of the mortgage banks require life, casualty and title insurance as a compulsory insurance that borrowers must purchase. Certain banks offer their borrowers either to pay life and casualty insurance or to pay increased mortgage interest rates. Sometimes the banks even put forward supplementary terms and conditions. As a result, mortgage loan expenditures may significantly exceed the premium rates. Therefore, most of the borrowers prefer to make the mortgage insurance contract and apply to the insurance companies.

Predominantly found in the U.S., title insurance is a form of indemnity insurance against financial loss from certain defects in title to real property, as well as from the invalidity or unenforceability of mortgage loans. In the U.S. title insurance industry, the so-called "Big Four" companies make up the overwhelming premium volume of the title insurance industry's market share (85.3% of $14.8 billion in 2017). The cost-effective, technological innovation embraced by new fintech entrants, and adoption by existing companies recognizing the need to incorporate this innovation for their competitive survival, will transform the oligopolistic nature of the title insurance industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author outlined the following proposal at a recent international conference uniting representatives of the five countries with commissions for Nazi Looted Art (Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) and experts from countries worldwide, held at the National Gallery London on 12,h September 20172 Encouraged by the lively discussion and by many positive reactions since, the present text gives further shape to the proposal with the aim of advancing the debate. In its conclusion it calls for a feasibility study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the author's claim that a change to the real estate closing protection letter (CPL) by Florida's Office of Insurance Regulation will help alleviate the problems that have been created by caselaw developments across the U.S., and it mentions the relationships between moneylenders and title insurers. Legal standing to sue and the Florida Administrative Code are examined, along with mortgage foreclosure crisis-related litigation.

This research investigates the conveyancing risks which cannot be cured under the present legal regime for land registration in Nigeria. Two fundamental issues motivated this study. The first is that, in Nigeria, registration of title to land is mandatory and meant to assure certainty of registered title amongst other reasons. However, it is settled law that registration of title per se cannot cure any defect in the title or confer validity which it does not possess. This phenomenon not only exposed registered title holders to hidden conveyancing risks, but also threatened the effectiveness and public trust in registration of title regime. The second problem is the lack of appropriate risk control measures that are specifically designed for registered title holders in country. Consequently, this paper evaluates the existing conveyancing risks in the particular context of the extant rules on land registration. Although the paper commends legal efforts aim at strengthening land registration in Nigeria, it demonstrates that there is enormity of conveying perils which largely defeats the benefits of registering title to land. In that regard, the study proposes the establishment of title insurance as new commercial model that will be tailored for conveyancing risks control in the country. It concludes that since insurance regulation is the exclusive preserve of the Federal government, the National Insurance Commission should pioneer the reform suggested in this paper by invoking section 101 of the Insurance Act 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Title insurance companies originating from America, have, in the past 15 years become part of the Australian conveyancing landscape. However for most residential freehold owners, their activities would be a mystery. A purchaser does not routinely obtain title insurance, with the companies presently focussing on servicing the mortgagee sector. While the lack of penetration in the residential purchaser market may be attributed to the consumer's lack of knowledge, evidence from Ontario and New Zealand illustrates that title insurance is likely to become an additional cost in the conveyancing process in Australia. In this article we highlight the reasons why, and demonstrate how title insurers have, by working with the legal profession been able to subtly move the risk of responsibility for compensation for loss, (at least in the first instance) from the state to the insurer, but with the added benefit for the state and the conveyancing agents that the cost of the insurance is ultimately borne by the consumer. In New Zealand this development is being accelerated by the introduction of capped conveyancing title insurance. Whether title insurance will become part of the conveyancing process is no longer the relevant question for Australia, (it undoubtedly will), but the unknown issue is just how title insurance companies will work with conveyancing agents to infiltrate the market, and what response this infiltration will have in terms of the state's view as to their continued role in the provision of assurance. We suggest that developments from New Zealand in relation to capped conveyancing insurance are likely to be replicated in Australia in the near future, and that the state's role in providing an assurance fund will continue, though the state may seek to expand the areas in which the right to compensation is restricted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a universal truth that in normal circumstances, the market-determining forces ascertain the prices of a product, be it a consumer durable goods or consumer goods. In a similar way, the mismatch of demand and supply position compels people to ponder over the situation to get rid of its consequences. On application of this concept in the population scenario too, one can understand the gravity of the situation in India vis-a-vis the world scenario. India being the second largest populous country in the world with 1.21 billion people (2011 Census), more than 1/6th of the world's population with a population density of 411 persons per sq km. constitute a higher population density. So the quantum of pressure of population on the limited land surface results in pollution on land surface and in the air too. This scenario further aggravates when the real estate market is based on seller's information and the other party hardly has any information input on the subject, followed by the absence of a sound regulatory mechanism to curb irregularities in the real estate market. These have adversely affected the governance of the real estate market. An ideal strategy to address this type of situation is the introduction of "Real Estate Title Insurance" scheme over which India is still under exclusion category. In the absence of this, no inclusive growth in 'Real Estate Market' will be possible and it will always remain an unachievable economic agenda. This paper is an academic exercise to that endeavor. An observatory study has been made on secondary data based on seven landmass population of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports the decisions of the U.S. district court for the district of Massachusetts in case GMAC Mortgage LLC v. First American Title Insurance Co. and in case Deutsche Bank National Association v. First American Title Insurance Co. related to coverage of title insurance.

Title charges are costs that are related to establishing and insuring title in a real estate transaction. These charges vary considerably and include title insurance premiums and other fees involved in closing a mortgage loan. This study analyzes the variation in title charges using data from almost 3,000 FHA-insured, 30-year fixed-rate home purchase loans in five metropolitan areas. Even after controlling for cost-related and other characteristics, more than one-half of the variation in title charges remains unexplained in four of the five markets. Substantial differences in charges between settlement agents suggest that consumers would benefit by shopping for settlement services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]