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Tourism, as a form of spending free time, has undergone numerous transformations in the last period of time, this is due both to globalization that contributed to the internationalization of tourist experiences, but also to recent events (such as the Covid-19 pandemic, economic crises, etc), but also changing the perception of tourism consumers regarding how they can spend their free time. Traditional or well-known destinations have started to face overcrowding, which is starting to be felt negatively by both residents and visitors who are starting to change their consumption habits regarding the locations they choose as tourist destinations. On the other hand, the challenges of the modern world regarding the effects of global warming, the sharp increase in the population, the depletion of planetary resources, but also the much greater concerns of the current generations regarding these aspects, make the choices we make regarding the choice leisure destinations to change and become more responsible. In this context, creative tourism as an increasingly sought-after option, among a growing category of consumers. In this paper, we set out to analyze the perception that tourism consumers in Romania have regarding this form of tourism. The research assumed, on the one hand, a bibliographic analysis regarding the term creative tourism and how this notion has evolved from the moment of its definition as a form of tourism in the 2000s until now, as well as from a study of case based on the application of a questionnaire to measure the perception of consumers regarding this form of tourism, but especially on the awareness of its existence. The questionnaire had 16 questions answered by 124 respondents. The data were centralized and interpreted with the help of the Excel program, the results highlighting the fact that although some of the respondents practice creative tourism, it is quite little known as a concept. The answers given by the study participants highlighted the fact that they are interested in practicing activities integrated into creative tourism, considering that there are many advantages both regarding the experiences they create, with the interactions they establish with the locals or with the other participants. At the same time, the impact that creative tourism practices have at the local level (both economic and social) is recognized. We consider that these results are useful not only at the micro level, but also at the macro level, under the conditions that the development strategies of the field of hospitality will be thought in such a way as to promote, integrate and develop this form of contemporary tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, global warming are phenomena that have changed the face of the world and that have a direct impact on agricultural production and food security, given that the world's population is growing from one year to the next, without the possibility of growth and natural resources. Another worrying phenomenon is the production of greenhouse gases and their destructive effect on the planet. That's why the technology that is being perfected every day tries to find solutions that simplify both the efforts made to obtain food, but also the possibility of increasing the efficiency of production processes. In this way, in the agricultural field, the idea of developing dual systems appeared, which would protect both agricultural crops, with the aim of increasing productivity, but which would also contribute to obtaining solar energy, necessary not only for own consumption, but also to be included in consumer networks, the proposed concept being that of the AgriVoltaic system. The idea that appeared in 1981 began to be developed, currently reaching the development of a technology that is starting to be adopted in many countries of the world, including Romania. In the current paper, we propose to analyze the opportunity of using AgriVoltaic technology, its advantages and disadvantages, but also the way in which it could contribute to increasing the profitability of agricultural farms. At the same time, increasing the degree of awareness regarding the advantages of introducing agricultural systems and the method of implementing the systems is another objective of the current work. Starting from the analysis of the specialized literature, we outlined the term Agrivoltaic technology and continued the study with an analysis of the possibilities of implementing this technology in Romania, due to the solar energy potential that it benefits from. The research methodology assumed on the one hand the bibliographic analysis, and on the other hand the analysis of the development potential of the system, taking into account the existing agricultural areas and crops suitable for this system. As a result of the research carried out, it turned out that although there are confirmed advantages of using AgriVoltaic technology, it does not yet benefit from sufficient visibility or high accessibility among farmers. Also, the existing legislation at the level of Romania does not yet make possible the development of the dual system. Among the disadvantages of using agrivoltaic systems are the still high costs, but the measures to protect the rural landscape, which occupies an important place in sustainable development, even if the energy produced is renewable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work aims to analyze the existing situation in Romania compared to other EU countries, regarding bovines herds, given that this species is one of the ones that causes the highest level of greenhouse gases, with a direct effect on the environment and global warming. This is the reason why the subject has become a priority not only at the community level, but also worldwide. Through the Common Agricultural Policy, important funds have been allocated at the level of the European Union, which will continue to be allocated, not only for the reduction of climate change, but also for the adaptation of the states of the world to these existing climate changes at the global level. Given the path in which animal husbandry influences sustainable development, through the study we have followed both the effective changes, but also the obtained productions, with a direct impact on consumption. It was found that both at the community level, as well as at the national level, there was a decrease in bovines herds in in the period 2016-2020, the reasons being primarily of an economic nature, but equally important being the social and environmental ones. The analysis was carried out starting from the data published by the National Institute of Statistics and Eurostat, data that were then processed and analyzed with the help of statistical methods. Based on these, the conclusions were formulated that show us that in Romania the number of bovines herds decreased by 11% in the period 2016-2021. At the European Union level, Romania ranks 10th in terms of bovines herds and 20th in terms of density/100 ha. Although there are advances in terms of applied technologies or more productive breeds, at the global level the objectives pursued by the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have not been influenced by these advances, which makes the activity of raising bovines to be considered one with effects negative effects on the environment, but also high consumption of energy and water, which in turn have a negative impact on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to examine the publications in the field of Metaverse with the method of bibliometric analysis. Starting from the Metaverse keyword, the WOS and Scopus databases were searched, identifying a total of 788 publications in WOS and 1,385 publications in Scopus that met the study criteria. The VOSviewer software and the Scopus database were used for the analysis. We used several types of analysis: co-author analysis to identify the descriptive characteristics of the publications. It was found that the largest number was that of scientific works. The number of publications started to increase from 2007, but exploded in 2022. The countries that had the most publications were China, USA, United Kingdom, South Korea and Germany. The University of Zilina, Slovakia, Dimitrie Cantemir University Bucharest, Romania, University of Bucharest, The Institute of Technology and Business in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, University of Craiova, etc. had the most publications among organizations. The analysis of the citations led to the identification of the authors and publications that were the most cited, resulting in the following: Sang-Ming, P.; Young-Gab, K. (2022); Sang-Ming, P.; Young-Gab, K. (2022); Haihan, D; Jiaye, L.; Sizheng, F. (2021), etc. Although the metaverse is not a new concept, it has become a new extension of virtual worlds, starting to be applied more and more in more and more fields (commerce, medicine, tourism, agriculture, etc.). The conclusions of the study will be able to constitute a road map regarding future research that will be more and more complex with the complexity of the Metaverse concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work aims to analyze both the situation of pig herds, as well as the production and consumption of pork in Romania compared to other EU countries, given that the European Union ranks first in the world in terms of production and 3rd place in the world in terms of pork consumption. The analyzed indicators, which were collected from internal (INSSE) and international (Eurostat) databases, were: pig herds, total pork production, pig herd density; the number of slaughtered animals; consumption of pork. Based on this information, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation were calculated both for the multi-year average of pig herds and for their density. The analysis highlighted the fact that pig herds have continuously decreased during the analyzed period (the decrease being 27% in 2021 compared to 2015), the reasons being both economic (increasing prices, energy crisis, etc.), but also the impossibility of proper management of outbreaks of Swine Fever Africana that led on the one hand to the slaughter of livestock, and on the other hand to the prohibition or reduction of exports. Regarding the consumption of pork, Romania is below the European Union average, but an increase in consumption is noted from 31.3 kg/inhabitant in 2015 to 37.8 kg/inhabitant in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the advantages of the globalization process is that of ensuring the circulation of young people at the global level, ensuring their access to existing learning resources in countries with a developed and recognized higher education system worldwide. Starting from the existing data in various international, community and national databases, in this work we proposed to analyze the mobility situation of undergraduate, master's and doctoral students from the period 2012-2022, with the aim of identifying the countries that are on the first places in the world both in terms of student entry flows and their exit flows. The analysis was carried out starting from indicators such as the number of students leaving for studies, the number of students entering for studies, their growth rate, but also the mobility rate at the entrance or the mobility rate at the exit. The data were processed and analyzed with the help of statistical methods, thus being able to formulate conclusions regarding the situation of student mobility from the last decade, given the identification of solutions regarding the provision of future flows of students for higher education institutions, under the conditions that, globally, the population aged between 20-24 will decrease in areas such as Europe or North America. Under these conditions, the educational institutions recognized for the quality of the programs offered will be able to attract students from countries in Asia or Africa, countries in which both the share of the young population and mobility have increased in the last five years. Among these countries are India, with an increase of over 100%, Vietnam with an increase of 95% or China, with an increase of 33%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the great current challenges at the global level is represented by finding sustainable production systems that ensure both social, economic and environmental sustainability, while at the same time pursuing the optimal provision of production, trade or consumption indicators. Globalization is the one that affected those producers who, not having access to alternative markets, had to sell their goods at much lower prices, thus making the very principles of equity and efficiency affected. The solution was represented by the practice of fair trade and the application of sustainable supply systems, which represent ways to solve these shortcomings. This paperanalyzes the situation of fair trade worldwide and its evolution for the period 2012-2020. The research methodology assumed the collection of data, their processing and analysis with the help of some statistical indicators such as: the number of Fairtrade organizations, the number of Fairtrade farmers, the number of workers in Fairtrade organizations, the proportion of women involved in Fairtrade activities, the areas intended for obtaining Fairtrade productions, Fairtrade productions, premiums granted in Fairtrade. The data highlighted the fact that worldwide, during the analyzed period, there was a continuous increase in fair trade, the increase being over 65% in terms of the number of producer organizations. The number of farmers reached over 1.77 million in 2020, this being the result of understanding the role of affiliation to this form of trade. The largest number of producers participating in fair trade are producers of coffee, tea or cocoa, their share being, in the analyzed period, between 86-92%. The paper highlights the fact that the emergence and development of fair trade represented a way of supporting farmers and agricultural workers in developing countries, this can be done both by the political environment, but also by society. Although the application of these measures has contributed to the increase in the standard of living, to the respect of the rights of farmers and workers, equally with the principles of sustainable development, the weight of fair trade in all trade, proves the fact that it is still carried out on a small scale, as there is a need for the development yes, with the aim of reducing global poverty.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiscal policy represents a problem of security and solidarity at the level of each individual state, but also at the community or world level, because ensuring tax revenues can contribute to ensuring economic, social and environmental stability, but at the same time it also contributes to economic development both current, as well as future generations. This can be achieved by improving some important sectors of activity, such as education or health. Each individual state establishes a certain fiscal policy, adapted to its own needs, in which the ratio between direct taxation and indirect taxation, the manner of their application can ensure sufficient fiscal revenues to cover both public expenses, but also allow the achievement of investments. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the two taxation systems, both at the level of Romania and at the level of other EU countries, with the aim of making comparisons and finding solutions regarding the way to improve the fiscal policy in Romania. The research methodology assumed both the analysis of the specialized literature regarding the characteristics of fiscal policies and their role in ensuring economic development, as well as the consultation of internal and international databases from which fiscal information was collected regarding direct taxes and indirect taxes. The data collected and systematized were subjected to an analysis with the help of some statistical indicators. The interpretation of the results allowed us to formulate conclusions that highlighted the fact that although Romania registers a GDP/inhabitant that places it very close to the average of EU countries (72%), in terms of the contribution of tax revenues in the formation of GDP, there is an imbalance, as a result of the weight of 26.3%. This imbalance is due to several factors, among which we were able to identify: low level of collection of fees and taxes to the state budget, granting exemptions from paying taxes or applying preferential fiscal regimes, permanent changes to the Fiscal Code, etc., aspect that, in addition to excessive financing of consumption, contributed to the appearance of the budget deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the consequences of globalization are the liberalization of markets, the development of technology, etc. elements that are interdependent and that have direct effects on economic development, demographic and political development. In these conditions, modern education, as a factor promoting research and innovation, must face the new challenges related to the construction of a multifactorial education, the formation of new skills, new professional competences, Therefore, the current paper aims to analyze precisely the problems of the digital transformation of the educational space and the training of professional skills, among the students of the Faculty of Management and Rural Development (FMDR) with the aim of increasing their degree of integration on the labor market. The research methodology assumed, on the one hand, an analysis of the specialized literature regarding the importance of digitalization in the formation of the competencies of university graduates, and on the other hand, the measurement of the FMDR students' perception regarding these aspects. Data collection was carried out with the help of a questionnaire with a number of 15 questions, which was applied to FMDR students and answered by a number of 127 respondents. The data were processed with the help of statistical methods, and the results obtained were analyzed and interpreted, forming the basis of the formulation of conclusions that highlighted the importance that digitization has in the training of graduates' skills and in increasing their degree of integration on the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of a higher education institution is to train specialists who have the necessary skills for their integration into the labor market. The Faculty of Management and Rural Development is one of the 7 faculties of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest and which, through the mission and objective, it has proposed as the university curriculum to increase the quality of the didactic act with the aim of training specialists who can integrate into the current knowledge-based society, specialists who can assume responsibilities, be creative, original, flexible, adaptable, with an analytical thinking, innovative and able to run businesses, so that the motto of the faculty is "Preparing to lead!". The new challenges facing today's society make higher education institutions rethink their priorities, having to continuously adapt to meet the challenges that accompany modern society. Therefore, they need modern teaching-learning-evaluation strategies, which respond to the changing requirements and require a digital transformation. The experience gained during the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated progress in this direction, but more is needed so that the needs of young people raised in a digital society, with digital needs and digital skills can be met. The present study aims to measure the perception of the Faculty of Management and Rural Development students regarding the extent to which digital technology has been applied in the online teaching-learning-evaluation process and its effectiveness. The research methodology assumed the analysis of specialized literature regarding the use of digitization in the application of modern methods in the teaching-learning-evaluation process. The case study was carried out starting with a questionnaire that contained 15 questions addressed to the students of the Faculty of Management and Rural Development. The processing of the answers was carried out with the help of statistical methods, and the results obtained after their interpretation showed that both the teaching staff and the students adapted quite quickly to the online education system. The teaching-learning methods were varied, as were the learning tools used. Among the strong points of online education were flexibility, accessibility, and a variety of methods used in the teaching-learning activity, and among the weak points were identified: maintaining the students' attention during the teaching-learning activity, time management, or the level of digital skills of the teaching staff.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of urban and peri-urban agriculture, although they are not new, are current as a result of the fact that one of the problems that arose during the Covid-19 crisis was that of food security as a result of the need to ensure food resources from nearby sources, in the conditions in which transport and other sectors of activity have reduced or suspended their activity. In this paper, we propose that, starting from the study of the specialized literature regarding urban and peri-urban agriculture, to identify their development possibilities, to identify the forms of practice of urban and peri-urban agriculture, to present the strengths and weaknesses weak related to their development and to propose solutions for their integration in the development of cities on a sustainable basis. The research methodology assumed the study of specialized literature, the consultation of internal and international databases, the processing and analysis of data with the aim of formulating conclusions that can be the basis of future studies, but also formulating conclusions that can be integrated into future policies regarding the development of urban and peri-urban agriculture, taking into account the fact that at the moment there is still no exact formulation regarding their support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study is to analyze Romania's tourism in the years of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 and 2021, in order to quantify the gaps compared to the highest performance achieved in 2019 and in what measure tourism started to recover. Offer in terms of units with function for tourists' accommodation, their number, structure and evolution, number of places and their dynamics by accommodation type, and demand in terms of arrivals, overnight stays both at national level and in rural tourism, index of net use of accommodation capacity, incoming and outgoing tourism were the main studied indicators using fixed basis and structural indices and comparison method. Compared to 2019, in 2021 the number of accommodation units reached 9,146, being by +8.8% higher and the number of places accounted for 364.5 thousand (+2.2%). In 2020, tourist arrivals represented 47.8% and in 2021 accounted for 69.3% of the 2019 level, and the overnight stays followed a similar situation. The main destinations were the seashore, mountain and spa resorts, Romanian tourists having about 90% share in total arrivals. The pandemic was an incentive for Romanians to "Rediscover Romania" and the holiday vouchers were of much help. In a low measure, mainly in 2021, outgoing tourism to Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Maldive, Egypt exceeded the incoming tourism. The year 2021 was better than 2020, as the relaxed measures started earlier than in 2020 and tourism managers adopted flexible offers, personalized packages, last minute, early booking, free cancelation, lower tariffs, bonuses etc. The increasing trend is a hope that in 2022 tourism will have a much better dynamics and there are chances to recover! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed rural areas in Romania from a territorial, demographic, economic, social and environment point of view in the year 2020 compared to 2011 in order to point out in what measure the gaps between rural and urban areas and EU rural areas have been reduced. The data from National Institute of Statistics and Eurostat were used in this comparison where fixed indices, structural indices, regression equations, determination coefficient helped to create an image on the changes. Rural areas keeps 89.6% of Romania's territory and 46.4% of its population, while at the EU level, the rural population accounts for only 29.1%. Rural population is aging, as 46% of people is aged of 50 and over. Depopulation caused by the negative natural movement and migration led to the decline in rural population. Rural poverty and social exclusion is higher, the EU average rate being 26%, while in Bulgaria, Malta and Romania is higher than 50%. Infrastructure regarding rural roads, water supply, sewerage and waste collection continue to be a big problem. Education level is lower, in 2020, only 17% graduates were from the rural areas, while in the EU 22% of the people aged 25-64 and 28.4% of the ones aged 30-34 have tertiary education. Rural digitalization is relatively weak as only 49% rural residents have digital skills compared to 62% in the cities. Of Romania's occupied population, 20% is in the rural areas and women accounts for 50%. About 83% of occupied population in agriculture are self employed. Salaried men in agriculture represent 3.5%, while women 1.1%, reflecting gender discrimination in total salaried population. Labor productivity in agriculture is small, just 20% of the national level. Per 1,000 AWU, labor productivity in Romania is the smallest in the EU. The rural average monthly income represents 64% of the income level in the urban areas and its growth rate is smaller. Agriculturists have the smallest income. Climate change diminished agricultural output and gross value added in Romania, and also the contribution to the EU. GDP/capita in rural Romania accounts for Euro 13,000, representing 65% of the EU average reflecting the gap in economic development and living standard. National Strategic Plan 2021-2027, whose implementation will involve the local authorities, is expected to transform rural areas in a resilient and diversified eco-system supplying agro-food products for ensuring food safety, in a consolidated economic and social sector using new knowledge, innovation and digitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the use of pesticides in Romania in the period 2007-2020, based on the official statistical data by type of pesticide, at the national and territorial level, and using fixed and structural indices, concentration indices and time and spatial comparisons. In the year 2020, pesticides were applied on larger surfaces than in 2007 and they accounted for 3.88 million ha for herbicides, 2.39 million ha for fungicides, and 2.34 million ha for insecticides. But, the total consumption decreased by 26% for insecticides and by 23% for herbicides, but it increased by 8.2% in case of fungicides. The national mean consumption of pesticides per ha declined and in 2020 accounted for 0.27 kg a.s. insecticide, 0.75 kg herbicide and 0.76 kg fungicide. Romania comes on the last position in the EU for the smallest average consumption 0.8 kg a.s. pesticide per ha and also for the risk indicator 1 equal to 48. The largest areas where pesticides are applied in the territory are in South Muntenia, West, South East and South West Oltenia micro-regions. Total consumption differs from a region to another as follows: insecticides are much more consumed in South West Oltenia, South Muntenia, North East, South East and West, fungicides are especially applied in South East, North East, Center and West, and herbicides are predominantly utilized in North East, South East, North West, South West Oltenia, and West. The average consumption per ha, over the national mean, is higher in the following regions: insecticides in North West, South West Oltenia, Center and North West, fungicides in the Center, Bucharest-Ilfov, South East and North East and herbicides in North East, North West and Center regions. The values of the concentration indices Herfindahl-Hirschman, Gini-Struck and Concentration coefficient proved that in 2020, Romania was characterized by a relative moderate concentration of the use of pesticides. As a conclusion, pesticides have to be used taking into consideration the local conditions at the regional level and at farm level. Farmers have to evaluate the problems and make the best decision regarding what type of pesticide to use, on what surface, which is the suitable dose per ha, how many treatments are required etc. The EU regulations regarding pesticides imposes a strict control and use of the approved pesticides for compiling with the European the Green Deal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism, one of the branches that recorded among the largest losses during the Covid-19 pandemic, both globally and nationally, is the subject of the case study. These losses were due both to the travel restrictions imposed by each state, but also to the reluctance of tourists to travel, especially in 2020. Therefore, the number of tourists has decreased considerably, both in terms of resident tourists and tourists. non-residents. That is why in this paper we set out to analyze the ways in which the development of the Covid-19 pandemic influenced the tourist traffic, taking into account the non-resident tourists who arrived in Romania. We found that the incoming activity of tourists was well below the outgoing activity, which negatively influenced both the tourist entities and the complementary sectors, which in turn are related to the entire national economy. The research methodology consisted in collecting the existing data on the website of the National Institute of Statistics, as well as in other specialized databases, their processing, analysis and formulation of conclusions. Different research methods were used: analysis, deduction, graphical method, comparative method, as well as a series of indicators with a fixed base through which we highlighted the change in time of tourist traffic, as well as their growth rate. Based on the analyzed data, conclusions were formulated that allowed us to characterize the existing situation on the Romanian market in the period 2018-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed labor productivity in Romania's agriculture in the period 2011-2020 and established the forecast for 2021-2025 horizon using the Eurostat data. The processing procedures included fixed basis index, average growth rate, average annual growth, regression models, determination coefficient, descriptive statistics (mean standard deviation and variation coefficient), comparison methods and forecast modeling. The results proved that agriculture productivity is increasing with a lower growth rate, being deeply influenced on output value, gross value added and labour input. Per 1,000 AWU, agricultural output value decreased by 6.77%, gross value added increased by 12.47% and factor income raised by 20.65%. However, for its level of output value and GVA, Romania comes on the last position and for factor income level it comes on the 15th position in the EU. For agriculture development, labour productivity must be increased paying attention to the key determinants: farm structure and size, labour input, technical endowment, and investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional farming systems have been an alternative given that global population growth has been accompanied by an increase in food needs, and areas for production have not been able to keep pace with growth. But the practice of conventional agriculture is the one that, along with other ways of aggressive exploitation of natural resources, economic development, has contributed to environmental degradation and resource depletion. Under these conditions, alternative solutions were sought both to reduce the pressure on the environment, but also to obtain healthier foods that would thus contribute to improving human health. Organic farming, sustainable agriculture, uses principles that have been applied for a long time, but with the advent of the concept of circular economy, as a way to reduce pollution and improve the health of the planet, have been sought solutions for its application in agriculture conventional. In this paper we aim to analyze the current situation of the use of pesticides in agriculture, as an important source of pollution, as well as the possibilities of implementing the principles of circularity in their use, given their high degree of toxicity. The working methodology involved the collection of existing data in national databases, as well as in international ones on the quantities of pesticides sold, the quantities of packaging resulting from their use, but also the possibilities of collection and recycling, as a way of applying recircularity. Based on the processed, analyzed and interpreted data, conclusions were formulated that could be the basis for establishing measures regarding the implementation of efficient circularity systems in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food security is one of the basic elements of human security that can only be ensured through a sustainable development of society. On the other hand, food security is an important element of global and national security, and is ensured at European level through the common defence and security policies implemented by the Member States. And this food security, which for many countries in the world is already a difficult problem to manage, was affected in 2019 by the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the whole world to face an unprecedented crisis and which, although it affected the whole world, had an even greater effect on the poor populations that suffered even more, amid an increase in hunger anyway for four consecutive years, that is in the period 2017-2020. In this paper we aimed to analyze the food security situation in European Union countries and how the Covid-19 crisis has affected it. Based on the data provided by international databases, the information was processed, analyzed so that conclusions can be drawn that highlighted the fact that food security is one of the issues of concern to decision makers internationally, but which is ensured for European Union countries this is due to the developed agricultural sector and the productions that manage to ensure the food needs of the European population. The analyzed indicators followed both the agricultural areas and the GDP value, but also the value of the imports and exports of agri-food products at the level of the member countries of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the analysis of the evolution of the demand and the tourist offer from Ilfov county, at a type of accommodation unit, respectively tourist pensions. The statistical indicators considered were: tourist accommodation capacity (as number and places), number of tourists, number of tourists per month of 2017, number of overnight stays, resident population and area. The statistical data regarding the tourist circulation in Ilfov county were taken from the National Institute of Statistics. The accommodation unit, at which the study was carried out, was the tourist pensions, for a period of 5 years, 2013-2017. As a research method, we used the analysis of the dynamics of indices and indicators regarding the tourist circulation. The most representative tourist indicators, calculated and interpreted, were: the change of the global tourist demand, the evolution of the domestic and external tourist demand, the evolution of the overnight stays, the average tourist stay, the density of the tourist circulation in relation to the population of the county and with the surface and the evolution, the occupancy degree of the accommodation unit, the coefficient of the monthly tourist concentration in 2017. The objective of this study is to establish what is the tourist evolution in the tourist pensions of Ilfov county, so that we can propose and adopt strategies of tourist arrangement in the area. Harnessing and promoting tourism potential and existing tourist attractions, is another deciding factor in the tourism development of an area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, as a socio-economic phenomenon, tourism is included in the unitary economy of the country. Thus, tourism is becoming a major coordinated civilization society. In the European Union and tourism is considered an important industry who knows the great potential for future development. The working methods used are based on a statistical analysis and the material consists of a database provided by Eurostat that reflects the situation in the 28 countries of the European Union. Tourism statistics are not only used to monitor EU tourism policies but also EU regional policy and sustainable development policy. The forecasts for the coming years, the assessment of factors permanent optimistic tourism sector remaining the fastest pace of development. In the theoretical context of regional science, with its many disciplines and practical, determined by the economic and social role of tourism at European and national level, in this paper we approached the regional tourism development in the EU Member States, giving more importance to Romanian tourism. The study shows that the approach of tourism development in the European Union enjoys a lot of interest from the researchers, from many points of view: theoretical and applicative, in the aspects of planning and tourism development, regional, quantitative through modelling and prognosis, qualitatively through structural analyses on history, dynamics, trends, tourist flows, destinations and forms of tourism, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to some appreciations regarding the formation of the image in tourism it can be concluded that a satisfied tourist, satisfied with the place where he spent his vacation, by transmitting the information, of his value, can influence another five potential tourists to spend in the future, the holiday at the place of stay, while a tourist dissatisfied with the quality of services, especially by the tourism staff, influences ten potential tourists. Tourism is an important component of a community planning and economic development strategy in an area. If an area or region has important natural attractions, historical or cultural vestiges, sports facilities, event organizing facilities, and other similar assets, the promotion and tourism development of an area or region may attract more visitors, potential tourists in that community who will spend time and spend money to take advantage of these benefits. Bucharest is the most important urban center of Romania (currently with a population six times the size of the second largest city in Iași), it is not only a place attracting tourists but also the starting point for many of the areas tourists in the country. The purpose of this paper was to carry out a study on the evolution of tourist traffic at the level of one of the hotels in Bucharest. Thus, following the takeover of the statistical data on the tourist traffic, from the National Institute of Statistics Bucharest, as well as from the hotel taken into study, there were calculated some of the most significant indicators and indices regarding the tourist demand and offer, which allowed to interpret the evolution of the tourist traffic to the accommodation unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the origins and manifestations of the economic crisis that started in 2008 at both world level and in the European Union. In both cases the study analyzes also some of the measures undertaken in order to overpass the crisis and their results. During the same year, 2009, the European Union witnessed a decline of its GDP by 4.4 %, while the Euro zone had a decline of 4.5 %. Only from this synthetic data results a conclusion that the European Union and the Euro zone were more affected by the economic crisis than the rest of the world. This situation remained true in 2013 and 2014. In 2013 the world economy had a growth rate of its GDP of 2.3 % while European Union had a growth rate of 0.1 % and the Euro zone of - 0.5 % (World Bank Data). In 2014, according to the forecasts of the World Bank the world economy had a growth rate of 2.6 % while the Euro zone of only 0.9 % (World Bank Data) and the European Union as a whole of 1.3 % (Forecast for European Union for 2014 from Eurostat). A second part of the study is focused on the situation of European Union from the perspective of the current year, 2015, as well as from the point of view of the prospects for 2015 and the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims for a comparative analysis on the economic efficiency of the Confort Penssion located in a rural area and the Danacris Penssion from the urban area. The reason for choosing these two units is that the types of tourism they represent are significant areas of operation, namely leisure tourism ("Confort" Penssion) from Suceava area and business tourism ("Danacris" Penssion) from Bucharest. Based on the existing methodology in the specialized literature we computed specific indicators in order to highlight economic efficiency.Based on the analysis of the main financial standing indicators and the evolution of income and expenditure one may conclude that both companies are profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast foods are internationally expanding at an amazing pace. Because fast-food products are delicious, abundant, relatively cheap and available in any moment of the day, this type of restaurants are found almost everywhere, and in addition, these have home delivery options, are appreciated and consumed by all age categories, so that fast-food has become a worldwide appreciated phenomenon. In support of the previous mentions, we shall emphasize an economic analysis performed for the Burger King Plaza Restaurant during 2010-2011. The results of the analysis may be appreciated as for being satisfying, although there is a need for improvement if this unit is to cope to the current and future conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is an important branch of the national economy, with various functions such as: main source of business activity that uses the workforce, ecological factor for the protection of the environment, technical and cultural tradition, representing a civilization in itself. This paper shows that, in Romania, agriculture has an extremely special position, being one of the primary branches of material production, taking into account that the economic and social growth of the contemporary world is in close connection with the level of accomplishments in agriculture and it cannot exist outside a strong development of this production branch. Because the agricultural sector is currently growing, now, in 2014, we can see a considerably large migration from the urban area to the rural area. Young people choose villages and not cities being influenced also by the agricultural schemes offered by the European Union, schemes that support the needs of the agricultural field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of profit and loss account for the three types of activities allows to release some balances of potential monetary accumulation designed to accomplish a certain payment function for production factor and funding the future activity, called intermediate management balances (IMB). To achieve this goal it is required to analyse previously the profit and loss account to highlight: the workings and the enterprise profitability as commercial margin, production of year, added value, gross operating surplus, a result of operating, current result and net result for the year. The company considered into the analysis is S. C. GENERAL AGROCOM SERVICE S.R.L., and through the used calculation are underlined strategies and policies that the enterprise management should adopt to improve the year result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion that rural tourism has witnessed in the late XIXth century was determined by the existence of two reasons: on the one side the revival and development of the rural area, and the other side the alternative tourism form compared to traditional, classic or table tourism. It is known that regardless of the external environment in which tourist accommodation units operate, an important role belongs to the quality of the services offered and the satisfaction level of the customers. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the economic efficiency of the Confort Pension located in a rural area and the Danacris Pension from the urban area. The reason for choosing these two units was that the types of tourism they represent are significant areas of operation, namely leisure tourism ("Confort " Pension) from Suceava area and business tourism ("Danacris" Pension) fromBucharest. Based on the existing methodology in the specialized literature, specific indicators were calculated in order to highlight economic efficiency. Based on the analysis of the main financial standing indicators and the evolution of income and expenditure one may conclude that both companies were profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]