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This study was conducted in the Al-Dabasa area, located 10 km from Tikrit, Iraq, during the 2022 growth and reproduction season of the water hyacinth to combat it using the herbicides Roundup Ultra and Casper. The compatibility of five fungal isolates with the herbicides was determined for better efficiency in limiting the spread of this weed. Alternaria eichhorniae (Has.AA-33) and Umbelopsis isabellina (Has.AA-31) exhibited no discernible impact at various concentrations of the Casper. In contrast, the fungus A. tenuissima (Has.AA-30) induced the highest inhibition of 25% at 1.25 g/L treatment, compared to 12.5% inhibition observed for U. isabellina (Has.AA-43) and A. alternata (Has. AA-32), respectively. The compatibility of the isolates with Roundup Ultra showed a significant 100% inhibition rate for all fungal isolates. Furthermore, the study explored the impact on water hyacinth plants, demonstrating the treatment involving Casper (1.25 g/L) and A. eichhorniae, where 47.77% dead leaves were recorded compared to controls (2.6%). However, the Roundup herbicide + A. eichhorniae at 15 mL/L gave the highest dead leaves (88.8%) on day 7 after spraying and was 100% after 15-day post-treatment. A. eichhorniae was superior to U. isabelline treatment, with 66.2% dead leaves recorded on the 7th day after spraying, which increased to 72.72% after 15-day post-treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface sediment characters and understanding the earth's surface processes are very interesting global research topics. The region in southeastern Tikrit city is characterized by the spread of large surface sediment from aeolian deposited types and dunes. These dunes were investigated to understand the origin of these dunes. For this purpose, grain size analysis, XRD, XRF, and heavy mineral analyses were conducted. Results indicate that these sand dunes in the study area are mainly composed of coarse particles such as sand (especially fine sand) with a percentage more than fine particles (mud), and the fine sand fraction is the predominant class. The sand grains are characterized by also negative value of skewness (strongly coarse skewed), moderately sorted, and leptokurtic. The normal distribution curve shows a unimodal type for most samples, reflecting one potential sediment source. Mineralogically, quartz is the main mineral composition of this sand, in addition to other minerals such as feldspar, clay minerals, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum. The identified heavy minerals in these samples were tourmaline, garnet, zircon, kyanite, chlorite, rutile, hornblende, and olivine. Regarding the geochemistry, the distribution of major oxides and trace elements in these samples area showed high SiO2 and TiO2 and low content of Na2O. UCC-normalization reveals enrichment of CaO, Cr, and Cl and depletion of other trace elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gypseous soil poses a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering due to its susceptibility to collapse under saturation. This type of soil covers approximately 33% of regions in Iraq, primarily in unsaturated conditions. This study focuses on two types of gypseous soils: one with moderate gypsum content from Karbala city (G1) and the other with high-gypsum content from Tikrit city (G2), to investigate the effects of cement treatment on their water retention behavior and potential for reducing collapse. Different percentages of cement were mixed with both soils to determine the optimum soil–cement mixture for reducing collapse potential (CP) through single oedometer tests. The water retention characteristics and water retention behavior of samples with varying gypsum content and different levels of cement treatment were examined and compared using a controlled-suction oedometer. The soil–water retention curve (SWRC) of these natural and treated gypseous soils was also investigated and compared in both wetting and drying paths. Additionally, multiple pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were assessed to identify or adapt prediction equation(s) for the SWRC of gypseous soil both with and without cement treatment with acceptable accuracy. The results show that adding cement can decrease the CP of gypseous soils; it also affects their SWRC significantly. By making some simple modifications, the PTFs demonstrate acceptable estimations for the water retention curve of both natural and cement-treated gypseous soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soils that exhibit high volume change when its water content is changed are considered collapsible soils. Gypseous soils are one of the main types of collapsible soils which can be found in arid and semiarid areas. In this study, the effect of initial water content on the collapsibility properties of natural and treated gypseous soils with 5% of cement is experimentally investigated. The soils tested at different initial moisture content i.e. 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %. Two types of soil were used with different gypsum content 28.43 % and 43.62 % named soil 1 and soil 2 respectively. The soils were taken from Tikrit city in Saladin governorate – Iraq. The results show that the initial water content has significant effect on the collapse potential. The reduction in collapse for natural soils reaches up to 70 % when the initial water content was 20 %. Furthermore, the reduction in collapse for natural soils was greater than that for treated soils with different initial water content. It can be concluded that increasing initial water content can reduce the sudden collapse which is a major problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salah Al-Din Provence is an active agriculture and population region. One of its primary water sources is groundwater, which suffers from a lack of information regarding water quality and hydrochemistry. In order to study those missing variables, 27 samples from wells of shallow tubes were collected for analyzing the relevant physicochemical indices that help to produce the Schoeller index, Piper diagram, and Gibbs plot. Piper diagram revealed a hydrochemistry behavior of different values along with the groundwater samples. The chemistry of wells was controlled primarily by the evaporation process according to the Gibbs plot. The values of the Schoeller index of the studied samples stated that 59% of them have disequilibrium in Chloro-Alkaline due to their negative obtained values while the rest of them produced positive estimates, which indicates an exchange reaction of cation–anion basic domination. It was concluded that carbonate and silicate weathering, as well as evaporation, controlled the region' s hydrochemistry. Using Water Quality Index, groundwater was evaluated for use as drinking water. While using Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Sodium percentage, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Magnesium Hazard, and US salinity diagram were all used for estimating the same water' s suitability for irrigation. All of those indicators, as well as the Gibbs ratio, show that all 27 samples were unsuitable for both studied usage. In addition, those results indicate that evaporation is a major problem for groundwater in this area. Finally, using cluster analysis it was concluded that there are two types of similarities that indicate different levels of pollution in groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineralogical investigation, geochemical analysis, and grain size calculation were carried out for floodplain sediment in the Tigris River to identify the properties of the sediment. The average values of the three main sediment classes, very fine sand, silt, and clay are 9.67, 62.53 and 27.80%, respectively. The silt size fraction was predominant. The classification and nomenclature of surface sediment types from the floodplain of the Tigris River are sandy-silt and mud, and they are the dominant sediment. Statistical parameters of grain size analysis refer to the average of the median values 3.74 Φ very fine sand; mean in average 6.16 Φ coarse silt; standard deviation evident by average 1.30 Φ poorly sorted, skewed; in average -0.14 negatively skewed, and the average of Kurtosis 2.80 very leptokurtic. The samples analysed by the XRD technique revealed clay minerals (chlorite, illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite) and non-clay minerals (quartz, feldspar, calcite, and dolomite). The heavy minerals identified as species were zircon, tourmaline, rutile, garnet, olivine, hornblende, pyroxene, kyanite, and magnetic particles. The concentration of major oxides by geochemical analysis indicates a high content of SiO2 and CaO in the floodplain of the Tigris river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatic oils found in many plants are called essential oils. Essential oils are extracted from plants and utilized in various fragrances, foods, medications, and cleaning items. Essential oils, thought to include molecules that a plant utilizes to fight illnesses and fight against bacteria and parasites, have been called the "lifeblood" of a plant by some scientists. The flowers were from Tikrit, Iraq, nurseries. The oil from the flowers was extracted using a Clevenger after the flowers were rinsed completely. Weigh out 10 grams of flower and put it into a 500-milliliter round-bottom flask. Combine the 150 mL of distilled water. Extract oil from the flower by starting a Clevenger-type distillation, turning on the heating mantle for 2 hours, collecting the oil in a tiny measuring cylinder, and then testing the oil for GC-MS and antioxidant action. Different chemical elements of the Jasmine flower were identified based on their limited peak area, retention time, and molecular formula, as shown in the chromatogram generated by the GC-MS. Flower oil was analyzed, and 10 chemical components were present, each with a unique peak area percentage. The antioxidant activity of gardenia was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the most commonly used method for testing plant extracts for antioxidant properties. The stable free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is associated with an extra electron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The schools from which the student chosen were 6 governmental schools (3boys schools, and 3 girls schools) and 2 private mixed schools and the total sample was 400 student were selected randomly. Regarding students who included in the study, a list of questions and information will be taken from the direct teacher about the needed information as age and also questionnaire for the family was sent to fill the information related to ADHD and other general, medical and obstetrical history of the student. Data collection done through a questionnaire concerning personal and other socio-demographic information and taken from teachers and students family. Each involved student will be assessed by using a prepared questionnaire that contains the criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD, according to the American Psychiatric Association, Diagnosed and Statistical Manual of mental disorders DSM5 Criteria for ADHD. The current study revealed that the proportion of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among primary school student was 57/400 (14.2%) and that the proportion of sub types of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were inattention disorder 27 (6.8%), Hyperactivity disorder 20 (5%), and combined form was 10 (2.5%). The frequency of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was most common at age 6-9 years; 32 cases (56.1%), most of cases were male 30 cases (52.6%), while female was 27 cases (47.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer represents a major burden on health care in both developed and developing countries. Efforts in Iraq may be hampered by lack of awareness of the predictors of early cancer screening due to the complexities of these tests. The study aims to report the incidence and patterns of different types of cancers and their distribution across different demographic groups in Salah al-Din Governorate, Iraq. Method: The study included registered cancer cases from June/2020 to December/2021. In Salah Al-Din Health Department - Oncology Center / Tikrit, patients' records were analyzed to obtain information related to age, gender, residence, and type of cancer. Results: 376 people with cancer were collected, 249 females and 127 males, who were confirmed to have cancer types prevalent in Salah Al-Din. The highest cancer is the breast cancer in females, where it was 38%. The highest cancer in males is prostate cancer, with a rate of 7%. Less cancer (cancer of the mouth, cancer of the tongue, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the intestine, cancer of the lymph nodes, cancer of the larynx, cancer of the placenta, cancer of the vagina, cancer of the sinuses, cancer of the eye and cancer of the duodenum. The highest age group affected for females was between 50-60. The highest age group affected among males was between 70-80. The highest number of people with cancer by district is Tikrit, followed by Samarra. The highest number of infected females are housewives. The highest number of infected males is the earners. We recommend preliminary procedures in each district that is connected to the main center in Tikrit. Awareness lectures should also be held at the governorate level on how to stay away from the causes of cancer such as smoking, alcohol and others. As well as guiding women on how to deal with detergents, chemicals, dyes and hair straighteners, and reduce body exposure to laser radiation. We recommend a periodic examination every 6 months and monitoring vitamins In case of injury, it must be reviewed and dealt with as soon as possible, whether by surgical intervention, chemical or radiological intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an experimental assessment of a designed solar water heater (SWH) was carried out under the Iraqi weather conditions. In the SWH practical model, a porous medium (pebbles) is used as an absorber surface in the solar collector, and a raw paraffinic wax is utilized as a Phase Change Material (PCM) in the thermal storage tank. Three experimental cases have been conducted for analyzing the SWH thermal performance: (1) Without using Porous Medium (PM) and PCM, (2) with PM and without PCM, and (3) with using PM and PCM. The experimental tests were performed at Tikrit, Iraq (longitude 43.35°E and latitude 34.27°N). The test findings revealed that the ultimate stored water temperature of SWH with PM existence rose by 12.1°C (case 2) when compared to that without PM (case 1). Furthermore, the PCM improved the water thermal storage by 8.51°C for case 3 after the test period of (17:00 to 22:30 h) as compared to the case 2 without the PCM. The results for the total thermal efficiency (ηo) of the system with storage unit manifested an improvement of around 2.83% and 6.35% in case 3 compared to cases 2 and 1, respectively. In comparison to previous studies, the present study found that the higher thermal performance of the SWH than those determined by preceding studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory disorder and represents a spectrum range from a pair of blackheads and pustules to severe nodulocystic fulminant acne. The severity of the disease differs from patient to patient; therefore, For the treatment of acne, isotretinoin is frequently utilized. Isotretinoin, however, may cause triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the blood to rise and may interfere with liver function tests. Also, the impact of isotretinoin on hematological parameters is still debatable and is examined by looking at alterations to the blood chemistry profile and haematological parameters of acne patients who are on isotretinoin. This study was aimed to show the effect of Isotretinoin on WBC and platelet count in a patient with acne vulgaris. Methods: This comparative study was conducted in a Clinic at the Department of Dermatology in two hospitals, Salahaddin hospital and the general hospital, in Tikrit city, Iraq. One hundred sixteen patients were selected. Patients suffer from acne and are divided equally (58 patients each) into one of the two treatment regimens (Isotretinoin and doxycycline). Group one was given oral Isotretinoin 0.5mg/kg divided twice daily for six months, and Group two was given doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for the same period. Results: Among the 116 cases included in the study, (36) were male, and (80) were female. The mean age of group one was 21.97±4.87 years, and in group two, it was 21.72±4.95years. The mean platelet counts increased, whereas the white blood cell count decreased after isotretinoin treatment. But without any statically significant association. Conclusions: This study's results revealed no statistically significant effect of white blood cells and platelet count after therapy by Isotretinoin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entamoebahistolytica is a protozoan, an anaerobic intestinal parasite that causes about 50 million infections and a mortality rate of more than 100,000 worldwide. For diagnosis, two hundred samples of children with diarrhea signs were evaluated using staining and polymerase chain reaction techniques. The current study recorded 11 positive cases of E. histolytica, which were diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) out of a total of 51 positive cases diagnosed microscopically for pediatric children arriving at Tikrit General Hospital in Tikrit city and the nearby areas. The percentage of positive cases reached 21.57% for the PCR assay, as significant differences appeared compared to the microscopic examination. The results showed that the parasite infection rates differed between males (54.9%) and females (45.1%). The percentage of infected numbers in the age group less than one year was about 43.1%, while the percentage of disease control and prevention programs f infected people in the age group 1-2 years was (31.4%). The results showed that the percentage of infected age group between (2-3) years was 15.7%. The recorded data showed that 5.9% and 3.9% of the participants were infected in the age group of3-4 and over four years old, respectively. The genes encoded in Cysteine proteinase five and Phospholipase were diagnosed using the PCR technique. The concordance with the current study isolate and 90% match globally. In conclusion, the methods of detection of E. histolytica appeared differences in positive results for this parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although parosmia is a common problem in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies assessed the demographic and clinical aspects of this debilitating symptom. We aimed to evaluate the socio-clinical characteristics and outcome of various options of treatment of individuals with parosmia due to COVID-19 infection. The study was conducted at two main Hospitals in the Ramadi and Tikrit cities, Iraq, on patients with a chief complaint of parosmia due to COVID-19 disease. The study involved 7 months (August 2020–February 2021). Detailed demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment options with their outcome were recorded and analyzed. Out of 268 patients with parosmia, there were 197 (73.5%) females. The majority were from age group ≤ 30 years (n = 188, 70.1%), housewives (n = 150, 56%), non-smokers (n = 222, 82.8%), and associated with dysgeusia (n = 207, 77.2%) but not associated with nasal symptoms (n = 266, 99.3%). All patients have complained of anosmia (89.9%) or hyposmia (10.1%). Troposmia was reported in the majority of participants. The majority of the patients were suffering from severe parosmia (65.7%). Around 3 quarters of the cases were presented in ≤ 4 months. Altered quality of life (AQL) was presented in 91.8% of subjects, and there was a significant association with the presence of dysgeusia and type and severity of parosmia. The smoking habit didn't show a significant association with AQL, the severity of parosmia, and the recovery rate. Most of the odor group was the most triggering stimuli eliciting parosmia, while, the sewage was the response odor in above 50% of the cases. The recovery rate was poor with olfactory training plus either tonics or local and systemic steroids. Parosmia due to COVID-19 infection is a common problem with poor results in the short-term treatment and follow-up. The AQL was seen in a greater proportion of patients and strongly associated with the presence of dysgeusia, type, and severity of parosmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Desert Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

- Setting the lateral dimensions of the anthropometric measurements of middle school students for the three intermediate stages (first, second and third) in the city of Tikrit. - Designing the profile grid for anthropometric measurements for middle school students for grades (first, second and third) in the middle school in the city of Tikrit. - Identifying the distinctive anthropometric measurements of middle school students for middle school grades (first, second and third) in the city of Tikrit. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method, and the research sample consisted of (342) middle school students in the city of Tikrit - Iraq and for grades (first, second and third) that were chosen by the stratified random method, then the process of obtaining data through (20) physical measurements she: Body weight (1). The lengths included (6) measurements: (Total body length, torso length with head, lower limb length, arm length with palm, palm length and foot length) - Oceans: It included (6) measurements: (Chest circumference, abdomen circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, humerus circumference and calf circumference) Symptoms: included (3) measurements: (The width of the shoulders, the width of the chest and the width of the hips).The thickness of the leather folds included (4) measurements: (The thickness of the skinfolds behind the humerus, the thickness of the skinfolds at the iliac process, the thickness of the skinfolds at the calf of the leg and the thickness of the skinfolds under the shoulder board). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the geotechnical properties of soil for modern residential complexes in the city of Tikrit-Iraq were determined using six samples represented by three residential complexes (Bety, Yarmouk and Jawhara) and that these complexes built on gypsum soils suffer in the future from several engineering problems that appear in the form of cracks, inclination or subsidence in The buildings or the collapse of the facilities, the dilution of the roads and the breaking of the water and sewage networks due to the melting of the gypsum in the soil. One of the most important objectives for the research is that the residential complexes for the research area in Tikrit are not older than some years. With the urban expansion that all snwot in Iraq are witnessing, including this region, the city of Tikrit represents the center of the province. Therefore most of the departments and institutions are present in this region, which necessitated the need to provide residential complexes and many of the constituencies' employees to occupy them in addition to its proximity to the University of Tikrit, so it is necessary to know the properties of soil, to point out the engineering problems in it and how to address them. As well, it is an important region from a geographical point of view because it is located directly on the main international road linking Baghdad - Tikrit – Mosul The moisture content values of the soil samples range from (0.92 to 0.26%). The resultant values are low because one of the reasons is that the sampling process took place in the summer, specifically in July, and the reason is due to the low level of groundwater in the region, as well as the high temperature and the lack of rainfall, which causes the evaporation of the water in the soil, so the low moisture content gives a positive concerning the foundations of residential complexes in the study area because the presence of water causes the dissolution of gypsum as the soil under study contains a high percentage of gypsum. The calculated specific gravity values of soil samples range from 2.42 to 2.46 with an average of 2.42, The average specific gravity is 2.42 in the Bety and Yarmouk, and it is 2.46 in Aljawhara. The maximum dry density values of the soils of the residential complexes range between (1.611-1.663 gm/Cm 3( and the highest dry bulk density value was recorded in shtsample (Y1). On the other hand, the optimum moisture content values range between 15.2% and 16.8%, while the highest value is for the sample ) B2(. The consolidation test was performed on three selected samples (B2, J1, J2), ((A correction was made for the selection of samples to consolidation test based on the clay ratio, as was the case with the sieving analysis)) based on their clay content percentage compared to other samples which contain low or very clays, The compression index values (Cc) and the bulge index values (Cr) of these samples are (0.084,0.114,0.092) and (0.012,0.013,0.009) respectively. The chemical analyses of the soil in the study area indicates that it contains ahigh percentage of gypsum that ranges between 43.05 and 69.27% . The gypsum content reaches the highest value in sample (B2) and lowest in sample J2. While the soluble salts percentage range from )73.13 to 85.21%), and the pH value ranges between 7.21and 7.67. Mineralogical, tests of indicate that most samples have prismatic gypsum crystals with ttrtvas clinker substances, carbonate and evaporites dtatos aoc organic materials. The gypsum crystals range in size from 0.02 to 0.7mm with an amount of clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Outdoor performance study of a single-slope solar stills water distillation system. • Detailed mathematical model of the single-slope desalination system is developed. • The produced water has increased by 40% with using chemical solution. Fresh drinking water is the most vital need in human life and climate change is causing scarcity of freshwater resources to fulfil the human and environmental demands. Desalination of saline water is the potential solution to fulfil the scarcity of fresh water. The purpose of this research is to make a comparison between the performances of single-slope solar stills using plain brackish water and with that using chemical dye dozed water for enhancement of freshwater production. In this research, the solar desalination system has been mathematically modelled and experimental investigation was conducted in Tikrit, Iraq, wherein thymol blue and orange methyl were dozed in the saline water to make a comparative evaluation of the distillation efficiency using undozed saline water. Results showed that use of chemical dyes improves the output and efficiency of solar still. The amount of produced water has also increased by 40% with using chemical solution and the highest efficiency was recorded at a depth of 2.5 cm when using thymol blue solution for the months of February (49%) and June (53%). The efficiency was the highest for all altitudes when using thymol blue solution, and the efficiency stood at second place when using the orange methyl solution for the months of February (42%) and June (44%), while the use of water in February and June was only 24% and 26%, respectively. The maximum and minimum output occurred in July (4.25 L/m2·day) and February (0.95 L/m2·day) for the average solar irradiation of 800 W/m2 and 400 W/m2, respectively. The quality of distilled water meets all WHO requirements. Distillation facilities like these can help provide fresh water in isolated dry areas that are not coupled to the electrical grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aims to identify the working honesty of the measure of prosocial personality ProSocial Personality so the researchers used the measure of positive social personality prepared by L. Penner 1995, and to achieve this goal the researchers followed scientific steps by conducting translation of the scale from English to Arabic and then performing reverse translation, after which a group of Experts in English in order to confirm the translation, after completing the procedures of authenticity of translation, no paragraph has been ruled out. In order to extract the apparent honesty of the scale, which includes (56) paragraphs, the measure was presented to (18) experts in the educational and psychological sciences and in the light of their observations amended some of them and one paragraph of the scale was excluded and two paragraphs merged to obtain the percentage of agreement required to accept the paragraph by83%(thus confirming the apparent honesty of the scale). For the purpose of statistical analysis of the scale paragraphs, the scale was applied to a sample of (1,000) students selected "in a random clusterstyle" from universities (Baghdad, Mustansiriyah, Mosul, Basra, Tikrit, and Wasit). After analysing the data according to the traditional measurement theory, the researcher reached the following conclusions: The relationship between the three factors (social responsibility, empathy and altruistic assistance) is positive and this supports the assumption that the factors are linked to each other and not completely independent, as it is clear that each indicator (paragraph) is saturated only on its own and not saturated with other factors, and the trumpets any measurement errors are fairly small errors and thus achieve the measure the sincerity of the factor analysis of its exploratory and toked types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study aimed to show the Epidemiology of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among diabetic patients in Tikrit City, Iraq. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Tikrit City among diabetic and non-diabetic patients from General Salahalddin Hospital and from outpatient clinics. This study conduct 270 persons, including 155 diabetes sufferers and 115 non-diabetics. Consented subjects had their mid-stream urine collected, and each sample was examined using microscopy and culture techniques. Standard microbiological assays to determine the presence of pus cells and bacteria in urine were used to identify isolates. Results: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) was found in 21.5% of subjects, with diabetics having 26.4% and non-diabetics having 14.8%. ASB is higher in the age group above 51 years 29 (50%), Females 51 (88%) demonstrated a higher prevalence than males 7(12%) in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common bacterium isolated from urine in both diabetics and non-diabetics (22.4%). Other bacterium isolates included E. coli (19%), Enterococcus fecalis (13.7%), Klebsiella pneumonia (12%), and Enterobacter sp (12%), Staph aureus (10.3%), Staph saprophyticus (6.8%), Pseudomonas aerogenosa (3.4%). The most of isolated microorganisms were resistance to gentamycin, trimethoprim and cefotrixone. Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most sensitive to uropathogens caused by bacteria. Conclusion: Diabetic sufferers had a higher prevalence of ASB (26.4%) than non-diabetics, according to the study (14.8%). The majority of ASB was caused by Staphylococcus sp, indicating a shift in the aetiologic spectrum. The majority of isolates demonstrated multiple resistance in both diabetics and non-diabetics, indicating the necessity to increase antibiotic sensitization in Tikrit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thyroid diseases are quite common and clinically important not only because they affect the functions of other organs but also since most cases are eminently treatable. The incidence of thyroid diseases varies from one geographical region to another. he present study was carried out to identify the histopathological pattern of surgically treated thyroid disease in our setup and their frequency in relation to age and sex of the patients and to compare our findings with similar works in Iraq and globally. Materials and Methods: Total of 97 thyroidectomy case from Tikrit provine, Iraqwere included in this study. Clinical, gross, and histopathological data were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Most of thyroid lesions were encountered at the age of 31-40 years. The most common thyroid lesion is multinodular goiter (40.21%). All thyroid diseases were more common in women than in men with a male to female ratio of 1:5.93. Neoplastic lesions were found in 12.37% of cases (7.22% follicular adenoma; 5.15% thyroid carcinoma). Conclusion: Results of this study are comparable with several studies on thyroid diseases in other areas of Iraq and globally. Multinodular goiter need to be prevented by appropriate measures since Multinodular goiter of prolonged duration in iodine deficient areas poses a risk factor for the development of follicular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Vitamin D is synthesized from precursors” present at the surface of the epidermis and then undergo biotransformation which achieved at the hepatocytes and finally by hydroxylation enzymes in the nephrons “ . “sunrays play a crucial role in the beginning of D vitamin formation processes, parathyroid hormone is an essential hormone secreted by parathyroid glands and play a key role in the activation of D vitamin by renal alfa hydroxylase”. Food sources of D vitamin are also important for supplementation of human body with some requirements. This Study Aimed to compare the concentration of vitamin D in diabetic patients, and non-diabetic men and its association with age. Patients and Methods the current study started at the beginning of june 2018 and continued until the end of March 2019, at the outpatient unit in especial private hospital at Tikrit city - Iraq. Eighty men have been enrolled in present study. Results Eighty men were participate in the present study, distributed as 40 non diabetic subjects as controls and 40 diabetic patients. The mean and standerad deviation of D vit. levels of non-insulin dependant diabetes and normal physically fit men show there is significant reduction of D vit. Measurements of the diabetic men patients suffering from T2DM, (13.58 ± 5.29) as compared with control subjects, (19.95 ± 6.5). there are significant decrease of vit. D measurements of T2DM young patients. In T2DM patients less than 18 years old have significant reduction in vitamin D concentration, (13.41 ± 5.1), as compare with T2DM patients aged 18-40 years, (17.23 ± 7.3). Measuremets of D vit. Durind heat season and compare to cold months. The evaluation of D vit. During hot monthes show significant rise(26.4 ± 7.1) in comparison with winter status(13.65 ± 4.2). Conclusions the present study conclude that, D vit. Levels show highly important increament in hot months as compare with winter season and there are significant reduction in the concentration of vitamin D in young age type 2 diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The housing problem in Iraq in general, and the study area in particular, is one of the most prominent problems that the country suffers from, and despite the measures and initiatives adopted by the state to solve this problem of building housing complexes, distributing plots of land or providing housing loans, these measures did not provide radical solutions. To that problem, and from this standpoint came the topic of research that aims to find radical solutions to the housing problem by relying on a comprehensive strategy for this The issue is capable of eliminating the housing crisis permanently, the study found that the numerical housing deficit in Tikrit reached (4062) housing units, in exchange for a qualitative deficit of (889) housing units and a total deficit of (4951) housing units, and the number of units required to be built for the period 2020-2030 (11047) housing units, while the size of the expected housing deficit in 2030 reached (4913) housing units, and the study made a number of proposals to solve this problem, including the formation of A higher council for housing in the governorate consists of a number of specializations that set housing plans and policies to address the housing deficit, support the housing fund and bank financing, support housing industries, especially in the private sector, complete the stalled housing projects in the city, especially the apartment complex in the Qadisiyah neighborhood, and distribute it to those with limited income and in comfortable installments. And planning to construct other complexes similar to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military plans and their movements required the construction of cities and camps to be used as military bases from which to start from these military forces out or to fortify inside these bases. This has been followed by the Arabic Islamic state in both east and west in building and expanding the cities, but due to various factors, these cities became centers of the triumph and administration as well as being intellectual garish flares; Among those cities was (Samarra) city which lies in the southeast of the Tigris river between Baghdad and Tikrit. This city has left a clear impact in all spheres of life, and therefore this study aims at shedding light on that city in the writings of the natives and Muslims explorers, and to write down the information that these people dealt with about the city according to the historical corpus they cited in their writings, as one of the Islamic cities that was destined to witness prominent events in the history of Muslims after its establishment by Al-Mu'tasim Al-Abbasi during the period (218-227 AH/833-841 AD) in the year 221 AH/835AD in which this city was taken as the capital of the Abbasi State. The city was inhabited by eight caliphs until the death of Al-Mu'tamid Billah in the year (279 AH/892 AD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to detect Eimeria sp. in sheep and goat, diagnose its species, and know its prevalence in Tikrit city and its surroundings during the wet and dry months. The results showed that the total rate of infection in sheep was 56.25%, while in goat was 69.05%, and it was also found that the highest rate of infection was in dry months 72.08% in sheep and 76%in goat, while the rate of infection in wet months was 32.5% in sheep, and 50% in goat. Eleven species of Eimeria were diagnosed in sheep and twelve species in goat, and the species E. sundarbanens was recorded for the first time in Iraq after made a survey among studies conducted in various governorates of Iraq, and depending on the phenotypic characteristics which were identical data in a specialized references . The mixed patterns of infection with different species of Eimeria showed the highest in sheep and goat 57.75%, 51.79% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study where done to evaluation of sewage water and processing it in General Sharqat hospital / Salah El Din governorate –Tikrit –Iraq on 2018-2019. The study include analysis and measurement some physical and chemical properties to processing with natural, cheap and have no side effect to reduced harmful of water pollution of Tigris river .The results of present study showed conductivity and turbidity of sewage water was decreases from (1596) μc/cm to (727) μc/cm from (343) to (19) Nut, (633) to (491) ml/L respectively, and has risen concentration of dissolved oxygen (BOD5) (T.S.S) (T.D.S) and nitrates preprocessing (104, 0.53, 966 and 25.2) which varied significantly with results post processing (52, 0.03, 361 and 12.0) respectively . The results showed efficient processing of sewage water in station when treated with zeolite rocks powder. Sharqat hospital . discharged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gas is a sample ofmatterthat conforms to the shape of a container in which it is held and acquires a uniform density inside the container, even in the presence ofgravityand regardless of the amount of substance in the container. If not confined to a container, gaseous matter, also known as vapor, will disperse intospace. The term gas is also used in reference to the state, or condition, of matter having this property.Aims: To identify the demographic data of the worker and to comparative beteen kirkuk gas filling company and Tikrit gas filling company among work hazards like health, physical, chemical, physiological, mechanical hazards. Methodology: Quantitative design (comparative study) was conducted for worker in company gas filling in Tikrit (Salah aldin )and Kirkuk city the study was carried out from the 10th February 2020 to 13th Augst 2020. This study was conducted in Kirkuk city and Tikrit (Salah aldin ). The present study was conducted in two company of gas filling:Company gas filling / branch Kirkuk and Company gas filling / branch salah Eldin. The data was prepared, organized and coded into the computer file; Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version (24) was used for data analysis Results the result of demographic data for both kirkuk and Tikrit city shows that the age group (20-29 years) represents a high percentage in the Kirkuk gas and Tikrit city and represent (40.0%) and (38.0%) respectively, with regard to the gender the results shows high percentage from gender were male in kirkuk and tikrit and represent (95.0% )and (98.0%) respectively,also the result shows the kirkuk workers were more less effected than tikrit workers also the results shows the chemical,mechanical and psychosocial hazard was effect in tikrit workers more than kirkuk workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted during the period from December 2018 to November of 2019, and (615) stool samples were collected from patients attended Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Parasitology Laboratory, and from private laboratories, for both sexes, and for age groups ranged (1-16) years to investigate the prevalence of the parasite Giardia lamblia in Tikrit city. All samples were examined microscopically by the wet swab method and by the flotation method using zinc sulfate. The total infection rate was (14.30%), and the highest rate of infection was among the children of rural areas, the infection rate was (20.87%), while the rate of infection in urban area children was (11.54%). Some factors that affect the rate of infection such as age, gender, educational level, and months of the year also studied. The highest rates of infection were recorded within the age group (4-6) years was (17.61%). Where the highest rate of infection recorded in males (17.30%) and the lowest rate of infection was in females (11.22%). As well as the difference in the rate of infection among months of the year studied. The highest rate of infection was in April (28%), followed by June and May respectively at a rate of (25.49% and 23.7%), and the lowest infection rate was in January (6%). also, the educational level of the father and the mother affected the rate of infection. The lowest level of infection was 24.62% of the children whose parents are educated, as it reached (10.66%, 4.84%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A descriptive study was done to detection of viruses in blood donors attending the blood bank center in Tikrit city . for six month /2019, In addition to determine some demographic factors like sex, ‘Age and blood group in infected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Angel's trumpet plant is available and distributed widely and cultivated as garden plant due to its beauty and less maintenance needs. However it's not well known by general population that Angel's trumpet is poisonous, hence poisoning by Angel's trumpet ingestion is not uncommon. Aim: The study aimed to identify patient’s presentation with Angel’s trumpet poisoning Patient and Methods: The current study is case report study which includes a 6 years old male from Alalam district in Tikrit city presented to Salahuldin general hospital /emergency department with anticholinergic toxicity due to ingestion of angel's trumpet plant. Detailed history, clinical examinations, and full accessible investigations were done. Hematological investigations) complete blood count), biochemical investigations (renal function test, liver function test, random blood sugar) and ECG. Supportive treatment as well as neostigmine was administered. Results: Angel's trumpet poisoning case with anticholinergic toxicity symptoms and signs. After hard work up and close monitoring was completely recovered without any residual effects. Conclusion: Angel's trumpet poisoning case of 6 years old male presented with anticholinergic signs and symptoms (loss of consciousness, dry mucous membranes, fever, tachycardia, muscle weakness and mydriasis .With close observation and supportive treatment beside neostigmine as an alternative antidote the patient respond well and discharged home without any residual effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the research was to identify the impact of the hot chair strategy on the acquisition of second grade intermediate students of the concepts and the development of the chemical survey and their higher thinking skills. The researchers adopted the experimental design of the two equal groups. The research community determines the average second grade students in the secondary schools in Tikrit for the academic year 2018 -2019, a high school was chosen for girls as a sample. Of a total of 69 students, 34 of the experimental group studied in accordance with the hot chair strategy and 35 students in control group studied the usual way. The researchers compared the two groups in the variables: grades of chemistry for the past year, age calculated by months, academic achievement of the parents of the students, degree of the chemical survey and higher thinking skills. The results showed that there was a superior difference between the students of the experimental group who studied according to the hot chair strategy on the female students of the control group, which studied according to the usual method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neonatal period is the most dangerous period during child life. Neonatal deaths in Iraq account for more than half of under-five children deaths. There is a variation in neonatal death according to the causative factors in a different area of the world. Objective: To show the rate of neonatal death among newborn babies admitted to the neonatal care unit in Salahadin teaching hospital and studying some related factors. Patient and Method: Across section hospital-based selected study was done on a neonatal patient admitted to the neonatal care unit in Salahaldin Teaching Hospital during the period from the first of January to October 2016. Results: The total number of admitted cases in the neonatal care unit was (262). (61.8)%were male, (38.2)% were female. Most of the neonate discharged well (75.6%), (6.5%) discharged on parent’s responsibility,(2.3%) were referred to other more developed hospitals. The neonatal death rate was (15.6%), with a male to female ratio of 2.4:1. RDS represents a major cause of death (53.6%), followed by neonatal septicemia (22%). Most of the death occurs among neonate with the gestational age of fewer than 28 weeks (31.7%). Conclusions: A high neonatal death rate was recorded in Salahaldin Teaching hospital in Tikrit city. This needs a big effort to treat this problem with the introduction of new equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: One of the severe public health problems among adolescents and adults is suicide and suicidal behaviors. Suicide represent the 3rd leading cause death among adolescents and young adults between the ages of 10-24, accounting for 12% of all reported adolescents deaths in this age. Depression and suicide in a adolescents are not studied well, in spite of its prevalence in Iraqi community. This research aims at studying Returnee’s Suicide Epidemiology Among Secondary School Students after Internal displacement in Tikrit-Iraq. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional, descriptive study with analytic component was carried out on secondary schools students in Tikrit district. Questionnaire were presented to all students in the schools that day, in the classroom, depending on the help and cooperation of the school’ s administration and teachers during spare time. A screening tool used was the Columbia Depression Scale (CDS), a paper-and-pencil yes/no questionnaire. The DISC can be presented to the adolescents and youths (Ages 11 and over). It consists of a 22 items that are rated as Yes and No scored as (1) & (0) respectively. The total score is calculated as together the score of each of the 22 items. If the result of calculation is 0-6, 7-11, 12-15, 16 and above that mean the chance of depression was very unlikely, moderately likely, likely and highly likely respectively (Appendix -2-A, B)(60). Group (I) include unlikely and moderately likely considered as low risk for depression and Group (II) include likely and highly likely which considered as high risk for depression. A total of 269 students of returnees after internal displacement were selected randomly from secondary school students. Results: High depression scores found in 26 (9.7%) while moderate scores found in 64 (23.8%) of Non IDPs of the study sample, which means that 33.5% of students were liable to have depression. High depression scores found in 6 (13.6%) of male Non IDPS students in comparison to 20 (8.9%) of females, while moderate scores found in 4 (9.1%) of males Non IDPs in comparison to 60 (26.7%) of females. Conclusion: This study results found that 33.5% of students were more likely to have depression. Females more affected by depression and suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to determine the effect of oral potassium citrate (k-citrate) on urinary calcium, magnesium, volume, and pH in patients with recurrent stone disease. Patients & Method: Interventional clinical trial study was implemented from June 2016 to February 2019 in Tikrit city, Iraq. 94 patients with recurrent urinary stone disease were enrolled in this study. Oral k-citrate therapy was given to patients in a dose of 15 meq three times daily for 2 weeks. Patients instructed for 24 hours urinary collection before and after therapy. Urinary calcium, magnesium, volume, and pH were measured before and after therapy to examine the effect of k-citrate. Results: mean age was 38.5 (SD 17.4) years. Male patients were 64% while 36% of patients were females. Mean urinary calcium level decreased significantly after k-citrate therapy, p value < 0.001. Mean urinary volume and pH increased significantly after therapy, p value < 0.01 and < 0.05 respectively. No significant change was identified in mean urinary magnesium level after therapy, p value = 0.14. No adverse effects related to k-citrate therapy were reported by patients during study period. Conclusion: Urinary volume and pH increased significantly in patients after potassium citrate therapy. Also k-citrate therapy significantly produced marked decrease in urinary calcium level. No change was observed in mean urinary magnesium level before and after k-citrate therapy. No adverse effects related to k-citrate therapy were reported by patients during study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the major disabling disorder affecting about 2% of the population, and it causes significant mental health costs. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in serum levels of oxidative stress and the role of oxidative stress biomarkers in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Materials and Method: A cross-sectional controlled study was carried out in Salah Al-din City from 1st of February 2019, to 1st of June, 2019. The number of obsessive compulsive disorder 60 patients whose ages between 18-68 years old. These patients admitted to psychiatric unit at Salah Al-din Teaching Hospital. The control group who were match to the patients studied include 30 healthy control. Results: The study showed that there is the significant difference between serum level of patients and the control groups. In this study showed that is high level of malondialdehyde (MDA), in patients in compare with control group and lower levels of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-PX, SOD1, CAT) of patients in compare with control group. Conclusion: We can use serum level of some biochemical markers in compare between patients, and control with OCD. The relationship inverse between MDA and GSH-PX, SOD1, CAT, in patients and control groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tigris river is a major source of water for drinking, agricultural and industrial desires in Iraq. The quality of drinking water is very important because it is related to the health of people. For this purpose, we assess the quality of drinking water in the city of Tikrit with some physical-chemical parameters which have a significant role in determining the potability of drinking water. The obtained results were compared with the permissible limits for universal standards of drinking water Such as Environment Protection Agency (EPA), World Health Organization (WHO), etc. In this study, two samples of water within Tikrit drinking water treatment plant were taken, the first sample was the raw water (Tigris River) which is a water source project, and the second sample represents treated water in the Tikrit drinking water project. All the physical and chemical parameters (Conductivity, pH, Chloride and Total Alkalinity) were found to be within the safe limit values except turbidity and aluminum levels of treated water in some months. Turbidity is a principle physical characteristic of water, excessive turbidity in drinking water is aesthetically unappealing and may also represent a health concern. Generally, alum is the first coagulant of choice because of its lower cost and its widespread availability. The coagulation performance of alum, an inorganic chemical coagulant was used to remove the turbidity of raw water, but the problem with the use of alum as a coagulant for water treatment often leads to higher concentrations of aluminum in the treated water than in the raw water itself. Jar tests were carried out to optimize alum dose in most months of the current study. Results showed that the efficiency of alum has been high in reducing values, but it is necessary to choose the lowest doses of alum and appropriate in reducing the values of turbidity to be within the permissible limits to avoid increasing the concentration of aluminum in treated water, especially that increasing the concentration of aluminum in drinking water has a risk to human health. Results showed an increase in concentrations of aluminum in treated water in some months through recording values exceeded the permissible limits (Maximum Permitted Level 0.2 mg/L) according to the universal standards of drinking water due to excessive doses of alum added to sedimentation basins at Tikrit drinking water treatment plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death in the world. Iraq is considered to be a middle burden country with TB. Objective: is to evaluate patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Salahaddin Governorate. Patients and Method: the study included 140 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, who attended chest diseases clinic in Tikrit during the period from May to August 2018. Pulmonary TB treatment outcomes were evaluated according to WHO definitions as new case, cured, relapsed, failed and defaulted. Results: A total 140 pulmonary TB patients were included in this study with mean age of them was 42.7 ± 15.7 years. The males represented 51% of patients while the females were 49% of patients. Most of patients in this study were beyond primary school education, low income and displaced families represented as 88.6%, 90.7% and 82.1% respectively. Regarding outcome of treatment with anti TB; 78.6% of patients were cured, 7.1% of patients were relapsed, while defaulted and failed patients presented in 2.9% of patients for each one of them. Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis is still growing problem in this locality. It is common among low education, low income and displaced patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)