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Abstract V‐shaped composite insulator strings exhibit excellent resistance to pollution and wind deviation, resulting in their widespread use in transmission lines. The correlation between inclination angle of the shed surface and pollution flashover voltage can reflect the pollution flashover characteristics of V‐shaped composite insulator strings. Therefore, the relationship between inclination angle and pollution flashover voltage was studied through artificial pollution testing methods, and the relationship between inclination angle and degree of wetting was studied using the method of adding water to increase weight. The results of this study indicated that as the inclination angle increased within the range of 0°–180°, the degree of wetting on the surface of contaminated silicone rubber gradually decreased, whereas the pollution flashover voltage continuously increased. A model of water droplet collision and wetting on the surface of contaminated silicone rubber at different inclination angles was established. This model revealed that the gravity‐induced difference in the wetting states of the surface of contaminated silicone rubber under different inclination angles was responsible for the variation in pollution flashover voltages, with the maximum variation being 116.52%. The results of this study can inform the design and operation of V‐shaped composite insulators.

[Objective] The influence of different storage temperatures on the quality and total number of microbial colonies of Premna microphylla Turez jelly was studied, and the shelf-life prediction model based on quality indexes and the total number of colonies were established. [Methods] P. microphylla Turez jelly were stored at temperatures of 1, 4, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ℃, and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, chewiness, water holding capacity and total number of colonies were regularly measured. The influence of different temperatures on the quality indexes and the total number of colonies were discussed, and the fitting equations of each monitoring index were determined. According to the quality indexes and total number of colonies of P. microphylla Turez jelly, P. microphylla Turez jelly's shelf-life prediction model was established by combining the Arrhenius model and Belehradck model. [Results] The results show that the different storage temperature has no significant change in springiness, while the storage temperature has a significant effect on the hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness, water-holding capacity, and total number of colonies. The zero-level response equation was the best fit for the change in water holding capacity of P. microphylla Turez jelly, with an average fit of 0.978. On the influence of hardness, viscosity, and chewability, the first-order reaction had the best fitting, and the average fitting degree was 0.967, 0.904, and 0.977, respectively. The Logistics equation had the best fitting effect on the total number of colonies of P. microphylla Turez jelly, and the average fitting was 0.992. Five shelf-life prediction models were validated under the storage temperature of 3 ℃. The relative errors between the measured and predicted values were 7.50%, 8.13%, 4.38%, 5.00%, and 3.75%, respectively, with good prediction results. [Conclusion] The models can effectively predict the shelf life of P. microphylla Turez jelly under storage conditions from 1 ℃ to 25 ℃.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of auricular acupoint pressing combined with continuous scenario simulation nursing interventions for patients with Meniere's disease. Methods A total of 60 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into the observation group and control group using a random number table, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received routine treatment and nursing, while the treatment group received combined with continuous scenario simulation. The intervention efficacy, patient satisfaction and sleep quality were measured and compared between groups. Results The total effective rate of intervention was 80. 00%(24/30) in the observation group and 63. 33%(19/30) in the control group, with a significant difference(P＜0. 05). The nursing satisfaction rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (96. 67% vs. 66. 67%), with a significant difference (P＜0. 05). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The application of auricular acupoint pressing combined with continuous scenario simulation nursing interventions can improve sleep quality and nursing satisfaction of patients with Meniere's disease . (目的 探讨耳穴压丸联合持续性情景模拟护理干预耳眩晕患者的效果。方法 60例耳眩晕患者随机分为观察组和对照组, 各30例。对照组给予常规干预, 观察组在对照组基础上应用耳穴压丸联合持续性情景模拟护理干预。评估两组临床疗效、护理满意度和睡眠质量。结果 观察组总有效率为80. 00%(24/30)、护理满意度96. 67%(29/30), 高于对照组的63. 33%(19/30)和66. 67%(20/30), 差异具有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。观察组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 耳穴压丸联合持续性情景模拟护理干预可改善耳眩晕患者睡眠质量, 提高患者满意度。)

Humans appear to be endowed with the ability to readily share attention with interactive partners through the utilization of social direction cues, such as eye gaze and biological motion (BM). Here, we investigated the specialized brain mechanism underlying this fundamental social attention ability by incorporating different types of social (i.e., BM, gaze) and non-social (arrow) cues and combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a modified central cueing paradigm. Using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we found that although gaze- and BM-mediated attentional orienting could be decoded from neural activity in a wide range of brain areas, only the right anterior and posterior superior temporal sulcus (aSTS and pSTS) could specifically decode attentional orienting triggered by social but not non-social cues. Critically, cross-category MVPA further revealed that social attention could be decoded across BM and gaze cues in the right STS and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). However, these regions could not decode attentional orienting across social and non-social cues. These findings together provide evidence for the existence of a specialized social attention module in the human brain, with the right STS/STG being the critical neural site dedicated to social attention.

Perceiving emotions from the movements of other biological entities is critical for human survival and interpersonal interactions. Here, we report that emotional information conveyed by point-light biological motion (BM) triggered automatic physiological responses as reflected in pupil size. Specifically, happy BM evoked larger pupil size than neutral and sad BM, while sad BM induced a smaller pupil response than neutral BM. Moreover, this happy over sad pupil dilation effect is negatively correlated with individual autistic traits. Notably, emotional BM with only local motion features retained could also exert modulations on pupils. Compared with intact BM, both happy and sad local BM evoked stronger pupil responses than neutral local BM starting from an earlier time point, with no difference between the happy and sad conditions. These results revealed a fine-grained pupil-related emotional modulation induced by intact BM and a coarse but rapid modulation by local BM, demonstrating multi-level processing of emotions in life motion signals. Taken together, our findings shed new light on BM emotion processing, and highlight the potential of utilizing the emotion-modulated pupil response to facilitate the diagnosis of social cognitive disorders.

Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) combines a variety of optoelectronic properties and can meet practical performance requirements that are uncommon in optoelectronic materials. This review introduces the fundamentals and the photonic device concepts that arise from the LNOI materials platform. Firstly, the nonlinear optical response of LNOI is presented, including birefringent phase matching (BPM), modal phase matching (MPM), and quasi-phase matching (QPM). The tunable properties are also introduced, including electro-optical (EO), thermo-optical (TO), and acousto-optical (AO) effects. The structures of nonlinear optical devices, such as ridge waveguides (including periodically polarized inversion waveguides), Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulators and micro-resonators (such as disks and rings) are demonstrated. Finally, the future of LNOI devices is discussed. In the already mature and developed optoelectronic material systems, it is rare to find one particular material system supporting so many basic optical components, photonic devices and optoelectronic devices as LNOI does in the field of integrated photonic chips.

ObjectiveTo explore the incidence and influencing factors of subacute and chronic pain in patients returning to the ICU after surgery, provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for the evaluation and management of such patients, and improve the prognosis of this population.MethodsPatients who underwent surgical treatment and returned to the ICU from November 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were prospectively recruited. Subacute and chronic pain incidence and characteristics were assessed by telephone at 1 and 3 months after surgery and the influencing factors were further explored.ResultsA total of 117 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 60.9±16.0 years. The incidence of subacute postoperative pain in patients returning to the ICU after surgery was 45.7%(53/116), and the incidence of chronic postoperative pain in patients returning to the ICU after surgery was 32.7%(36/110). The mean NRS for moderate to severe subacute pain and chronic pain after surgery were(4.9±1.2) and (5.2±1.1), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that coronary artery disease (OR=5.263, 95% CI: 1.436-19.292)was risk factor for chronic postoperative pain in patients returning to the ICU after surgery.ConclusionsPatients returning to the ICU after surgery have a high incidence of postoperative subacute and chronic pain. Coronary artery disease was the risk factor for chronic pain.Perioperative multimodal pain management can be used to improve the pain experience of patients during ICU hospitalization and the short-term and long-term prognosis of patients.

Objective To identify the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in surgical patients undergoing patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). Methods Our study was a retrospective cohort study, including patients who underwent surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 1 to October 31, 2023 and received PCIA after surgery. Patient characteristics, medical history, surgical information, intraoperative medication information, postoperative analgesia follow-up information were obtained through the electronic medical record system. The patients were divided into PCIA-PONV group and non-PCIA-PONV group, depending on the occurrence of PONV during PCIA, and all patients were also divided into PCIA-POV group and non-PCIA-POV according to whether postoperative vomiting (POV) occurred. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for PCIA-PONV and PCIA-POV. Results A total of 1373 patients were included in this study, with 676 cases in PCIA-PONV group. The incidence of PCIA-PONV was 49.2%. There were 285 patients in PCIA-POV group, and the incidence of PCIA-POV was 20.8%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.134, 95% CI: 1.590-2.865, P < 0.001) and abdominal surgery (OR=1.655, 95% CI: 1.253-2.186, P < 0.001) were risk factors for PCIA-PONV, whereas the increase of age (OR=0.990, 95% CI: 0.982-0.998, P=0.019) and the increase of BMI (OR=0.961, 95% CI: 0.932-0.991, P=0.012) were protective factors for PCIA-PONV. Female (OR=2.646, 95% CI: 1.754-3.992, P < 0.001), history of general anesthesia (OR=1.372, 95% CI: 1.042-1.806, P=0.024), and intraoperative use of high-dose opioids (OR=1.607, 95% CI: 1.206-2.142, P=0.001) were risk factors for PCIA-POV, whereas no intraoperative use of neuromuscular blocking antagonists (OR=0.393, 95% CI: 0.237-0.651, P < 0.001) was protective factor for PCIA-POV. Conclusions Our study reveals the risk factors for PONV in surgical patients undergoing PCIA, and shows that comprehensive preoperative assessment and reasonable perioperative management strategies are significant in the prevention of PCIA-PONV.

Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in the environment, and they inevitably enter animal bodies during livestock and poultry farming, leading to their presence in livestock and poultry manure. However, there is limited research on the effects of different types of MPs on the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of livestock and poultry manure. Herein, we investigated the impact of four types of MPs (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)) on AD performance using cattle manure as a substrate. Results demonstrated that the cumulative methane production in the PE group reached 5568.05 mL, exhibiting an 11.97% increase compared to the control group. Conversely, the cumulative methane production was decreased by 5.52%, 9.69%, and 14.48% in the PP, PVC, and PHA groups, respectively. Physicochemical analyses showed that MPs promoted organic matter hydrolysis on day 4 of AD, leading to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the initial stage. Specifically, the acetic acid content of PE was 44.48–92.07 mL/L higher than that of the control during the first 8 days. PE MPs also enriched microorganisms associated with methane production. The abundance of Firmicutes was enhanced by 2.89–17.57%, Methanosaeta by 8.42–12.48%, and Methanospirillum by 10.91–16.89% in comparison to the control; whereas PHA MPs decreased the abundance of Methanosaeta by 8.14–31.40%. Moreover, PHA MPs inhibited methane production by suppressing acetate kinase activity while promoting lactate dehydrogenase release from microorganisms involved in the AD process. Based on changes observed in key enzyme functional gene abundances, PHA MPs reduced acetyl-CoA carboxylase functional gene abundance, negatively affecting the acetone cleavage methanogenesis pathway. Meanwhile, PE MPs significantly increased acetate-CoA ligase abundance, thereby promoting the acetic acid methanogenesis pathway. The results provide novel insights into the influence exerted by MPs on AD performance when applied to livestock manure.

Abstract Introduction Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are malignancies that demonstrate nerve sheath differentiation in the peripheral nervous system. They can occur sporadically or be associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder, with up to 13% of patients developing MPNSTs in their lifetimes. Previous studies have suggested conflicting findings regarding the prognosis of NF1 for patients with MPNSTs. The elucidation of NF1 as an independent prognostic factor on mortality has implications for clinical management. We aim to investigate the role of NF1 status as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in MPNSTs. Methods An electronic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was performed on studies reporting OS or DSS outcomes of MPNSTs with and without NF1. A grey literature search by reviewing bibliographies of included studies and review articles was performed to find pertinent studies. Data was extracted and assessed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects model. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause and disease-specific mortality, respectively, with NF1 as an independent prognostic factor of interest. Results A total of 59 retrospective studies involving 3602 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for OS analysis, and 23 studies involving 704 MPNST patients were included to evaluate DSS outcomes. There was a significant increase in the hazard of all-cause mortality (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.84) and disease-specific mortality (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.88) among NF1 as compared to sporadic cases. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression showed that this result was consistent regardless of the quality of the study and year of publication. Conclusion NF1 is associated with a substantially higher risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. This finding suggests that closer surveillance is required for NF1 patients at risk of developing MPNSTs.

The objects in the fully mechanized working face have the features of high-speed motion, multi-scale, occlusion, etc. The existing object detection algorithms have problems such as low precision, large memory of models, and strong hardware dependence. In order to solve the above problems, a large block coal detection algorithm based on MES-YOLOv5s is proposed in fully mechanized working face. The method adopts a lightweight design, uses MobileNetV3 as the backbone network to reduce the memory occupied by the model and improve the detection speed on the CPU side. The method adds an efficient multi-scale attention (EMA) module to the neck network, fuses contextual information of different scales, and further reduces computational overhead. The method uses SIoU loss function instead of CIoU loss function to improve training speed and inference accuracy. The ablation experiment results show that MobileNetV3 significantly reduces the memory and detection time occupied by the model, but the mAP loss is severe. The EMA module and SIoU loss function can restore the precision of the loss to a certain extent, while ensuring that the model has a high detection speed on the CPU, meeting the real-time detection needs of coal mine underground objects. The comparative experimental results show that compared with DETR, YOLOv5n, YOLOv5s, and YOLOv7 models, the MES-YOLOv5s model has the best overall performance, with an mAP of 84.6%. The model occupies 11.2 MiB of memory and has a detection time of 31.8 ms on the CPU side. It can maintain high recall and precision in high-speed motion, multi-scale, occlusion, and multi-object working environments.

Modifying the light–matter interactions in the plasmonic structures and the two-dimensional (2D) materials not only advances the deeper understanding of the fundamental studies of many-body physics but also provides the opportunities for exploration of novel 2D plasmonic polaritonic devices. Here, we report the plasmon-exciton coupling in the hybrid system with a plasmonic metasurface which can confine the electric field in an extremely compact mode volume. Because of the 2D feature of the designed and fabricated Al plasmonic metasurface, the confined electronic field is distributed in the plane with the same orientation as that of the exciton dipole moment in the transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers. By finely tuning the geometric size of the plasmonic nanostructures, we can significantly modify the dispersion relation of the coupled plasmon and the exciton. Our system shows a strong coupling behavior with an achieved Rabi splitting up to ∼200 meV at room temperature, in ambient conditions. The effective tailoring of the plasmon-exciton coupling with the plasmonic metasurfaces provides the testing platform for studying the quantum electromagnetics at the subwavelength scale as well as exploring plasmonic polariton Bose–Einstein condensation at room temperature.

Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine literatures are the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient medical masters in China. They provide the essence and basis for the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment as well as the application of syndrome differentiation in care. As the inheritors of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing, it is necessary for us to study classic Chinese medicine literatures. This article summarizes the author's reflections and insights gained from studying classic Traditional Chinese Medicine literatures in four aspects: strengthening the understanding of Traditional Chinese Medicine concepts, cultivating Traditional Chinese Medicine thinking, establishing a solid foundation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and enhancing confidence in Traditional Chinese Medicine. (中医经典是中国古代医学泰斗智慧的结晶, 是辨证论治、辨证施护的精髓与依据。研读中医经典是中医护理传承的必要任务。本文从强化中医理念、培养中医思维、夯实中医基础和增强中医自信四方面总结笔者在中医经典学习过程中的思想感悟。)

BackgroundNeutron localization technology can be used for monitoring spent fuel reprocessing to prevent nuclear criticality accidents.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of different neutron emission modes, 3He pressure, tube diameter, and moderators on the position resolution and detection efficiency of a position-sensitive 3He proportional counter.MethodsFirstly, a 3He proportional counter with a tube diameter, tube length, and 3He pressure of 2.54 cm, 80 cm, and 405 300 Pa, respectively, was taken as object of study, and the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm was employed to simulate the effects of neutrons with different energies, neutron emission modes, 3He pressures, tube diameters, and moderating bodies on the position resolution and detection efficiency of a position-sensitive 3He proportional counter. Then, the effects of the time difference of arrival (TDOA) on the location of a source in an active zone, source to tube distances, thickness of moderating body, and position resolution of the 3He proportional counter were investigated. Finally, a linear fitting analysis of the active region was performed, and the locations of inactive regions were estimated to determine the positioning ability of the 3He tube.ResultsSimulation results show that the position resolution of this 3He proportional counter is equal in all axial sections, and the position-resolution limit of thermal neutron source is 0.17 cm. When the thickness of the moderating body is 5 cm, and the 244Cm source is close to the external wall of the moderating body, the neutron detection efficiency is 3.0%, and the theoretical position resolution is 9.25 cm whilst experimental result of position resolution is 18.50 cm, half of the theoretical value, and the location resolution limit is 2.64 cm after processed by the linear fitting curve of the active location and a time-difference crest.ConclusionsMC simulation and experimental tests show that the position-sensitive 3He proportional counter exhibits better position resolution and detection efficiency for the 244Cm source when the thickness of the moderating body is 2~3 cm, hence suitable for practical applications.

The nursing of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of infection and infectious diseases. This paper reviewed the studies on advantages and implementation of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing in prevention and treatment of infection and infectious diseases, and provided reference for establishment of integrative nursing plans for infection and infectious diseases. (中西医结合干预在传染与感染性疾病防治中起到了重要的作用。本研究就传染与感染性疾病防治中常见的中西医结合护理方法以及优势进行综述, 旨在为进一步建立和完善传染与感染性疾病的中西医结合护理方案提供参考。)

Quinidine has been used as an anticonvulsant to treat patients with KCNT1-related epilepsy by targeting gain-of-function KCNT1 pathogenic mutant variants. However, the detailed mechanism underlying quinidine’s blockade against KCNT1 (Slack) remains elusive. Here, we report a functional and physical coupling of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.6 and Slack. NaV1.6 binds to and highly sensitizes Slack to quinidine blockade. Homozygous knockout of NaV1.6 reduces the sensitivity of native sodium-activated potassium currents to quinidine blockade. NaV1.6-mediated sensitization requires the involvement of NaV1.6’s N- and C-termini binding to Slack’s C-terminus and is enhanced by transient sodium influx through NaV1.6. Moreover, disrupting the Slack-NaV1.6 interaction by viral expression of Slack’s C-terminus can protect against SlackG269S-induced seizures in mice. These insights about a Slack-NaV1.6 complex challenge the traditional view of ‘Slack as an isolated target’ for anti-epileptic drug discovery efforts and can guide the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for KCNT1-related epilepsy.

The paper introduces the origin and style characteristics of transparent design concept, discusses the significance and value of introducing transparent design in agricultural product packaging, and elaborates on the application principles and issues that need to be paid attention to when introducing transparent design in agricultural product packaging from three aspects: pattern design, color application, and material selection.

During the movement or operation of coal mining equipment such as a roadheader, the vibration of the vehicle body can easily cause blurring of the onboard camera video. This leads to a decrease in the precision and reliability of machine vision detection based on the onboard video. In order to solve the above problem, an onboard video stabilization algorithm for roadheader based on CLAHE and Kalman filter is proposed. This algorithm consists of three parts: motion estimation, trajectory smoothing, and motion compensation. In the motion estimation stage, the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) algorithm is used to enhance the image of the underground roadway. The Shi-Tomasi algorithm is used to obtain the feature points of each image frame. The obtained feature points are tracked and matched by optical flow, and then the motion trajectory of the camera is calculated. In the trajectory smoothing stage, Kalman filtering is used to predict the current time value based on the optimal value of the previous frame of the video. It avoids the problem of pre-storing sampling data of mean filtering and improves the real-time performance of image stabilization. In the motion compensation stage, the jitter video is compensated frame by frame based on the relationship between the original motion path and the smooth path, generating a stable video sequence. The experimental results show the following points: ① After CLAHE enhancement processing, the success rate of feature point matching is increased by 58% compared to the non-enhancement processing and 43% compared to the HE enhancement processing. It indicates that the CLAHE algorithm can effectively improve the matching number of image feature points. ② Through pixel offset analysis, differential image analysis, and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) analysis, it is verified that the onboard video stabilization algorithm for roadheader based on CLAHE and Kalman filter has a good image stabilization effect. ③ Compared with the traditional HE+mean filtering algorithm, the algorithm based on CLAHE and Kalman filter reduces the overall time consumption of processing 100 frames of video images by 0.379 seconds, effectively improving the real-time performance of the video stabilization while removing jitter.

Neutron-induced fission nuclear reaction data are critical for understanding nuclear physics, engineering, and technology. The accuracy of fission cross section of key fuel nuclides and sub-actinide nuclei is increasingly important with the development of new nuclear energy system concepts. Machine learning is a powerful tool for data analysis and modeling, and can be used to extract features from large amounts of data without requiring encoding for a specific task. Neural networks, a subset of machine learning, are particularly effective for mapping input to output for tasks with a sufficient number of target-valued data. In a recent study, researchers applied machine learning methods to analyze fission nuclear reaction cross section data. The team collected fission cross section data for the uranium isotope chain from the experimental nuclear reaction data (EXFOR) library and five sets of frequently used evaluation data from the evaluated nuclear data file (ENDF) library. The neutron-induced fission cross section data of 233-239U in the energy range from 2 to 20 MeV were selected as the training data set. To obtain fission cross sections for a given neutron number, proton number, and corresponding incident neutron energy, the feedforward neural network (FNN) was trained using fission cross section data from experimental measurement of the uranium isotope chain to achieve maximum agreement with experimental and evaluation data. The results show that the fission cross section data generated by the machine learning method can reproduce the step structure of the fission cross section well and is very close to the results of experimental and evaluation data. This provides a research basis for large-scale analysis of fission cross section data of easy-to-fission nuclei. The application of machine learning to nuclear physics and engineering is still in its early stages, and there are several challenges that need to be addressed. One major challenge is the lack of high-quality data sets, which are essential for training and testing machine learning algorithm. In addition, the complexity of nuclear reactions and the need for accurate modeling of the underlying physics present additional challenges. Despite these challenges, machine learning has the potential to revolutionize both the research and practice of nuclear physics and engineering. The ability to analyze and model large amounts of data can help researchers better understand the underlying physics of nuclear reactions and improve the accuracy of predictions. Machine learning algorithm can also be used to optimize the design and operation of nuclear reactors, leading to improved safety and efficiency. In conclusion, machine learning method is a promising approach for analyzing and modeling nuclear physics and engineering data. The application of neural networks to fission cross section data provides a new perspective on the understanding and prediction of nuclear reactions. Continued research and development of machine learning algorithm can contribute to the safe and efficient use of nuclear energy for generations to come.

Abstract： Deep neural networks have achieved great success in classification and prediction of high-dimensional data. Training deep neural networks is a data-intensive task, which needs to collect large-scale data from multiple data sources. These data usually contain sensitive information, which makes the training process of convolutional neural networks easy to leak data privacy. Aiming at the problems of data privacy and communication cost in the training process, this paper proposes a distributed training method for deep neural networks, which allows to jointly learn deep neural networks based on multiple data sources. Firstly, a distributed training architecture is proposed, which is composed of one computing center and multiple agents. Secondly, a distributed training algorithm based on multiple data sources is proposed, which allows to distributed jointly train models through the splitting of convolutional neural networks under the constraints that raw data are not shared directly and the communication cost is reduced. Thirdly, the correctness of the algorithm is analyzed. Finally, the experimental results show that our method is effective.

NaV1.6 channel plays a critical role in neuronal excitability. Here, authors present human NaV1.6 structures in apo and 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin bound forms, which reveal molecular mechanisms of NaV1.6 Na+ conductance and inhibition by the blocker.

The combination of standardized D2 lymph node dissection and lymph node sorting after surgery can improve the survival of patients with gastric cancer and increase the accuracy of staging. With the development of different lymphatic tracers, individualized lymphatic navigation has become a new technical breakthrough in minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer. Lymph node tracing is an important method to improve the quality of intraoperative lymph node dissection and correct the postoperative pathological stage. This article reviews the application status and progress of lymphatic navigation technology.

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders present a growing and costly global health challenge, accounting for over 11% of the diseases burden in high-income countries. Despite current treatments, patients often experience persistent symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life. Dietary polysaccharides have garnered attention for their potential as interventions for CNS disorders due to their diverse mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Through an analysis of research articles published between January 5, 2013 and August 30, 2023, encompassing the intervention effects of dietary polysaccharides on Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and stroke, we have conducted a comprehensive review with the aim of elucidating the role and mechanisms of dietary polysaccharides in various CNS diseases, spanning neurodegenerative, psychiatric, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurological dysfunctions. At least four categories of mechanistic bases are included in the dietary polysaccharides’ intervention against CNS disease, which involves oxidative stress reduction, neuronal production, metabolic regulation, and gut barrier integrity. Notably, the ability of dietary polysaccharides to resist oxidation and modulate gut microbiota not only helps to curb the development of these diseases at an early stage, but also holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic agents for CNS diseases. In conclusion, this comprehensive review strives to advance therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders by elucidating the potential of dietary polysaccharides and advocating interdisciplinary collaboration to propel further research in this realm.

BackgroundThe use of neutron-based methods to locate radioactive sources within sealed containers holds great practical significance.PurposeThis study aims to locate an AmLi source within the detection space of four position-sensitive neutron detectors.MethodsFirst of all, the Monte Carlo method was applied to designing the moderating shield of the detector. Then, a delay circuit was added to one end of the detector hence the position coordinate of the source y-axis (detector axis) was determined according to the time difference between the two ends of the detector to detect the source neutron signal, and the axial position function of each detector was calibrated. Finally, the detector was used to build a measurement space around sealed container, and the position coordinates of the x-axis and z-axis (the other two directions) were determined by the ratio of the neutron count rate of the two adjacent detectors, so was the function calibration. During the measurement of neutron point-source 3D coordinates, the detector with the largest count rate was first selected to determine the axial coordinates of the source, and then the coordinates of the other two directions of the source were determined according to the ratio of the count rate of the two adjacent detectors to the detector, so as to realize the location of the source.ResultsMeasurement results of five different positions of the point source in the detection space show that the positioning deviation on each coordinate axis is within 1.5 cm, and the relative standard deviation of neutrons measured in this detection space is within 1%.ConclusionsThis methodology effectively demonstrated the feasibility of employing neutron position-sensitive detectors to precisely locate radioactive sources, establishing a strong foundation for future endeavors aimed at accurately determining the positions of nuclear materials within processing equipment in nuclear facilities.

Abstract Ensuring human‐like driving performance is fundamental to the widespread adoption and acceptance of intelligent driving systems. The speed behaviour of right‐turn drivers at signalized intersections was studied to improve the human‐like driving capability. The study was conducted using natural driving data and 545 data for drivers turning right at signalized intersections were extracted. YOLOv4 was used to identify the different types of road users. A one‐way ANOVA was used to study the influence of the scene complexity, number of lanes, and intersection shape on the speed selection behaviour. Linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were used to study the influence of road users, number of lanes, intersection shape, and vehicle motion state on the speed control behaviour. The main results indicate the following: (1) Drivers drove slower when there were more traffic participants or fewer lanes. (2) The intersection shape did not have any effect on the speed behaviour of right‐turn drivers, either speed selection behaviour or speed control behaviour. (3) The reaction distance was affected only by the approach speed in this study; the greater the speed, the longer the reaction distance. (4) In addition to the vehicle motion state, external environmental factors also play a critical role in the braking characteristics, that is, pedestrians, cyclists, lateral traffic, and number of lanes after the turn. (5) The driver's intention to brake after entering the intersection stemmed from road users who were in collision conflict with the host vehicle and fewer lanes after the turn, rather than the speed at the stop line. This research has a guiding significance for the design of human‐like driving of right‐turn driving assistance systems. The target classification method and the measurement method of the driving environment complexity also help improve the human‐like perception of the right‐turn driving assistance system.

Summary: The sodium-activated Slo2.2 channel is abundantly expressed in the brain, playing a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability. The Na+-binding site and the underlying mechanisms of Na+-dependent activation remain unclear. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human Slo2.2 in closed, open, and inhibitor-bound form at resolutions of 2.6–3.2 Å, revealing gating mechanisms of Slo2.2 regulation by cations and a potent inhibitor. The cytoplasmic gating ring domain of the closed Slo2.2 harbors multiple K+ and Zn2+ sites, which stabilize the channel in the closed conformation. The open Slo2.2 structure reveals at least two Na+-sensitive sites where Na+ binding induces expansion and rotation of the gating ring that opens the inner gate. Furthermore, a potent inhibitor wedges into a pocket formed by pore helix and S6 helix and blocks the pore. Together, our results provide a comprehensive structural framework for the investigation of Slo2.2 channel gating, Na+ sensation, and inhibition.

Cordycepin has good antitumor activity, but its clinical application is limited due to the easy deamination of N6 in structure. In this study, a large lipolysis group was introduced at the cordycepin N6 to improve the problem, cordycepin derivatives (3a–4c) were synthesized, and biological evaluation of compounds was studied. In this study, the vitro antitumor activity of the compounds against MCF7 cells, HepG2 cells and SGC-7901 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. In the results, compound 4a showed the most obvious inhibitory effect on MCF7 cells with an IC50 value of 27.57 ± 0.52 μM, which was much lower than cordycepin. Compound 4a showed high selectivity between MCF7 and normal MCF-10A cells. Further biological evaluation showed that compound 4a promoted apoptosis and blocked the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Then, Western Blot was used to detect related apoptotic proteins. It was found that Compound 4a could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulate the expression of p53, Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins. The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased continuously and the positive expression rate decreased. It was speculated that compound 4a induced the apoptosis of MCF7 cells through the mitochondrial pathway.

The neutron induced nuclear reaction cross sections of fission products are related with the neutron fiux and the reactor burnup, which are important for the accurate of nuclear engineering design. To predict the (n,2n) reaction cross section, especially those lack of experimental measurements, we analyzed the relevant features and establish the experimental data set on the basis of sorting out the experimental data recorded in EXFOR library. The back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (DT) models are built to learn the experimental data set, respectively, adopting PyTorch and XGBOOST toolboxes. we report that machine learning models are applied to analysis and predicate (n,2n) reaction cross section.

Nuclear data are fundamental data for nuclear energy, nuclear engineering, nuclear technology applications and nuclear science research, and have always received national attention. In particular, the importance of neutroninduced fission nuclear reaction data is unquestionable and the theoretical evaluation of nuclear data is required for a long period of time. The reaction mechanism of neutron induced fission reaction is very complicated and needs to be described by several different nuclear reaction models, such as optical potential model and compound nuclei model and so on. Nowadays, the most famous international nuclear reaction program systems are TALYS and EMPIRE. In China, the program FUNF is a fission nuclear reaction program system with our own independent intellectual property rights, which was developed by Prof. Zhang Jingshang of the China Nuclear Data Center. Each of these program systems need more than 40 parameters to be adjusted. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize a large number of parameters at the same time in order to correctly describe the nuclear fission reaction data. In this work, the FUNF program system was used to calculate the fission reaction data of neutron induced 238U. The fast neutron reaction data of fissile materials with incident energy from about 1 keV up to 20 MeV were calculated by FUNF code. It consists of the spherical optical model, the HauserFeshbach model, and the angular momentum dependent exciton model to describe the emission from compound nucleus to the discrete levels of the residual nuclei in preequilibrium process, meanwhile equilibrium reaction process was described by the HauserFeshbach model with width fluctuation correction. Based on the FUNF nuclear fission reaction model, the parameters of the FUNF program system was adjusted by the advanced optimization method MINUIT. MINUIT is a numerical minimization software library in the Fortron by CERN staff Fred James in the 1970 s. Then, combined with the parallel calculation method of MPI (message passing interface), preliminary calculations for the neutron induced fission reaction of 238U were performed. The results show that the FUNF parameters obtained by the MINUIT optimization method can well describe the fission reaction data of 238U. Next, the procedure will continue to be optimized to further improve the efficiency of the tuning parameters and the accuracy of the parameters. And the application to the relevant fission nuclear reactions will be developed to improve the accuracy of our fission nuclear reaction data.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders in which progressive loss of neurons due to abnormal protein deposits causes structural and functional changes in the brain, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In brain imaging studies of neurodegenerative diseases, resting ⁃ state fMRI (rs ⁃fMRI) has been widely used, with most studies analysing static features of brain function. However, the human brain is dynamic and its neural activity is non ⁃ stationary, and static studies can not reveal the time ⁃ varying features of brain function. In recent years, many studies have used dynamic analysis of brain function based on rs ⁃fMRI in order to reveal the dynamic nature of complex neural activity in the brain and further investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic markers of disease. In this paper, we will briefly introduce the rs ⁃fMRI analysis method, the common methods of rs ⁃fMRI ⁃ based dynamic analysis of brain function and its application and research progress in common neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To analyze and describe the learning curve of radial artery catheterization under ultrasound-guided dynamic needle tip positioning (DNTP) by anesthesia residents in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and to explore the learning intensity of supervision practice required to master this technique. Methods From January 2018 to June 2018, the learning records of two anesthesia residents in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital who perform radial artery catheterization under ultrasound-guided DNTP technique were used to describe the learning curve of cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM). The learning intensities were explored to improve the attempts and time needed for successful catheterization, first-attempt and overall success rates. The evaluation indexes before and after reaching the learning intensity were compared. Results Taking the attempts and time needed for successful catheterization, and the first and overall success rate as the evaluation indexes, the learning intensity required for the two trainees to master DNTP was 29/36, 29/29, 29/36 and 14/11 cases. After reaching this learning intensity, the number of operations required for successful puncture and catheterization decreased significantly (P＜ 0.05), and the time required, the first time and the overall success rate improved. Conclusions Considering the attempts and time needed for successful catheterization, first-attempt and overall success rates the learning intensity of the supervision practice needs to reach 36 cases.

Este artigo combina a análise quantitativa de redes sociais de duas redes literárias com uma análise qualitativa de cartas selecionadas, para caracterizar a mudança do habitus das mulheres na cena literária escocesa entre duas gerações. O estudo centra-se na correspondência de dois importantes poetas escoceses do século XX, ‘Hugh MacDiarmid’ e Edwin Morgan. Uma análise da rede social identifica os correspondentes com os quais cada um tinha laços fortes e fracos. Uma leitura atenta revela como o habitus das correspondentes femininas foi constituído através de negociações relativas aos capitais económico, social, cultural e simbólico, nos termos de Pierre Bourdieu. As cartas dos dois poetas revelam uma mudança do papel das mulheres em tais negociações. MacDiarmid negoceia capitais económico, social, cultural e simbólico nas cartas a correspondentes femininas, enquanto Morgan se concentra mais nos capitais cultural e simbólico. Apesar desta diferença refletir as diferentes circunstâncias sociais de cada poeta, as cartas de Morgan também mostram as mulheres numa gama mais ampla de papéis sociais envolvidas na negociação dos capitais cultural e simbólico. A análise demonstra uma mudança marcante nos pressupostos sobre o estado e os papéis das mulheres na comunidade cultural no início e no final do século XX.

Non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (ncVMAT) is proposed to reduce toxicity in heart and lungs for locoregional radiotherapy of left-sided breast cancer, including internal mammary nodes (IMN).

Abstract. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is highly heterogeneous and invasive. Although the majority of DLBCL patients show a good response to rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone treatment, approximately one-third of patients still have a poor prognosis. Many immune-targeted drugs, such as bispecific T-cell engagers and CAR T-cell therapy, have been proven effective for refractory and relapsed patients. This article reviews the progress of immune targeted therapy for DLBCL.

Developmental dyscalculia (DD) is characterized by insufficient mathematical learning ability and weaker mathematical performance than peers who are developmentally typical. As a subtype of learning disability, developmental dyscalculia contributes to deep cognitive processing deficits, mainly manifested as a lack of numerical processing ability. This study utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) technology to examine the negative priming effects (NP) between children with and without DD. Behaviorally, trends in mean reaction time (RT) were consistent between children with and without DD under prime and control conditions. The developmental dyscalculia group and the typical developmental (TD) children group showed a significant negative priming effect. However, the magnitude of the NP was significantly different between two groups, with the magnitude being significantly higher in the TD group than the DD group. In terms of the ERPs results, there were significantly larger amplitudes of P100, P200, and P300 in the TD group than that of children with DD. At the same time, in the DD group, N100 and P300 latency were significantly delayed in some electrodes than the TD group. The results indicated that there were characteristic inhibition deficits in children with DD. Inhibition defects in children with DD might be the underlying cause of the development of digital processing ability of children with DD.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation. In recent decades, biological agents such as anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) drugs have been applied in the treatment of RA and it achieved great improvement. The treatment has its side effects, but severe thrombocytopenia is very rare. In this case report we described the occurrence of severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with RA who was treated with adalimumab. Specially, the symptoms of the RA are not significantly improved by adalimumab treatment and severe thrombocytopenia it induced is resistant to treatment. After receiving four doses of adalimumab, the patient’s platelet count dropped to 4 × 103/μl. We halted adalimumab and administered glucocorticoids, interleukins, and platelet transfusion. On the sixth day, the platelet count rose to 52 × 103/μl. Lab tests and bone marrow pictures were unremarkable. Patient was treated with prednisone for maintenance. On day 17, the platelet count declined to 12 × 103/μl. We started the patient on methylprednisolone and recombinant human thrombopoietin (rh-TPO), but the effect was not significant. On day 25, intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) was applied in place of the rh-TPO. On 29th day, the patient’s platelets returned to normal. We summarized the existing literature on thrombocytopenia induced by anti-TNF-α drugs. This case suggested immunoglobulins could be considered for the treatment of refractory thrombocytopenia.

Cordyceps extract and withaferin A (Wi-A) are natural compounds that have therapeutic effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, their efficacy is limited and a long treatment duration is usually required. To enhance their efficiency, the synergistic effects of nanobubble water (NBW) derived from nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen gases were investigated. Results showed that the physical properties of all three NBWs, including nanobubble density (108 particles/mL) and zeta potential (below −22 mV), were stable during 48 h of storage. Hydrogen and nitrogen NBWs did not reduce, but instead promoted, free fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. In contrast, oxygen NBW synergistically enhanced the effects of cordyceps extract and Wi-A. The lipid content decreased by 29% and 33% in the oxygen NBW + cordyceps extract and oxygen NBW + Wi-A groups, respectively, compared to reductions of 22% and 16% by aqueous extracts without NB. This study found that NBW may enhance the lipid-reducing effects of natural compounds, such as cordyceps extract and withaferin A, in hepatic cells. Further studies in animal experiments are needed to determine whether NBW has a potential application in NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric cancer. Methods A cohort retrospective analysis of 2386 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery was used to screen out Borrmann type Ⅳ patients, and analyze their clinical features and prognostic factors. Results Among 2386 patients with gastric cancer, 363 cases (15.21%) were Borrmann type Ⅳ. Compared with non-Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric cancer patients, Borrmann type Ⅳ patients had higher rates of simultaneous liver metastasis, metachronous liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis and vascular infiltration. Moreover, the age of onset tended to be younger and the pathological type tended to be poorly differentiated-undifferentiated (all P < 0.05). The 5-year OS of the entire group was 49.32% and the 5-year DFS was 44.61%. There were significant differences in 5-year OS and DFS between Borrmann type Ⅳ and non-Borrmann type Ⅳpatients (all P < 0.001). The subgroup analyses showed that there were statistically significant differences in 5-year OS and DFS of gastric cancer patients between Borrmann type Ⅳ and non-Borrmann type Ⅳ in pT2-pT4a and pN0-pN3a stages (all P < 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that the poorly differentiated-undifferentiated tumor, the T4a-pT4b stage of tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, the ⅢA-ⅢC pTNM stage of the tumor, postoperative liver metastasis and peritoneal metastasis were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric cancer patients (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric cancer is prone to liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal metastasis and poor prognosis, and it's prognosis is affected by a variety of independent risk factors.

Abstract High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is still a consolidation treatment choice for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients and some aggressive B-cell NHL as frontline therapy. Due to the shortage of carmustine, we switched to idarubicin-substituted BEAC (IEAC) conditioning regimen. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 72 aggressive B-cell NHL patients treated with IEAC or BEAC regimens followed by ASCT as upfront consolidative treatment. The median time to neutrophil and platelet reconstitution showed no difference between IEAC and BEAC groups. IEAC regimen was well tolerated without increase of adverse events. Transplant-related mortality didn’t occur. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of IEAC group (33 and 23 months) were a little longer than that of BEAC group (30 and 18 months). However, due to the small sample numbers, there’s no significant difference in OS and PFS between IEAC and BEAC group with DLBCL or MCL. Multivariate analysis showed that AnnArbor staging, IPI score, lactate dehydrogenase level, remission of disease, modified regimen were related with PFS and OS. In conclusion, IEAC regimen was well tolerated and replacement with idarubicin could be an alternative when carmustine was not available.