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This study was conducted to determine the changes in the quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) meatballs cooked with the sous-vide technique. Vacuum-packaged fishball were cooked using the sous-vide method under two different temperature (60 °C and 80ºC) and two different times (15 and 20 minute) and stored at 4±1ºC for 25 days. The results showed that sous vide cooking technique at 80 °C for 20 min. effectively limited bacterial growth. It was determined that sous vide cooking technology significantly reduced the levels of total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at the end of storage. As the cooking temperature increased, the pH values of the meatball samples also increased. According to the sensory evaluation results, the meatballs cooked with the sous vide technique received higher scores than the control group, and the most preferred cooking temperature and time was determined to be 60ºC for 20 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of carvedilol and pitavastatin in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. The vehicle control group-I received 2 mL of normal saline for eight days. The pathological control group-II received tyloxapol (400 mg/kg) on 8th day. The treated group-III received 10 mg/kg carvedilol and group-IV received 20 mg/kg carvedilol for eight days and tyloxapol (400 mg/kg) on the 8th day. The group-V received pitavastatin (0.3 mg/ kg) for eight days and tyloxapol (400 mg/kg) on the 8th day. The group-VI received carvedilol (20 mg/kg) only for eight days. After eight days of treatment, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, very lowdensity lipoprotein, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and glutathione were estimated in the serum and myocardial tissues along with DNA fragmentation of the liver tissue using gel-electrophoresis. Oral administration of carvedilol to tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats normalized the changes in the above parameters in a dose dependent manner. Hence, carvedilol with pitavastatin has antihyperlipidemic activity in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to standardize the milk fat, stevia level, and optimize fortification of carrot pulp at 10, 20 or 30 % levels separately replacing the chakka for production of low-fat and low-sugar functional shrikhand, a fermented Indian dessert from cow milk. On the basis of sensory evaluation, it was determined that the most favorable shrikhand was prepared using milk with 1.5% fat and replacing 60% of the sugar with stevia. Additionally, the incorporation of carrot pulp at a 20% level was identified as the optimal choice. This carrot pulp-enriched shrikhand was further assessed for its physico-chemical attributes such as pH, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) value and water activity, microbiological quality (including total plate count, coliform, psychrophilic, yeast and mold counts), and sensory characteristics over a 9-day period, with evaluations at intervals of three days (0, 3, 6, and 9 days), and then it was compared with the control. Although the mean TBARS values showed an increasing trend, the values of carrot pulp treated shrikhand (0.497 mg manolaldehyde/kg) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than control (0.582 mg manolaldehyde/kg) samples during the 9 days storage period. Further, the sensory evaluation results of shrikhand with carrot pulp exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) mean scores for color, appearance, and overall acceptability. The microbiological quality parameters of both products (control and treated) remained within permissible limits, when stored under refrigerated conditions for up to 9 days. In conclusion, shrikhand with 20% carrot pulp is recommended due to its ability to add value to the product by enhancing its functional properties and overall acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel kind of flaxseed oil (FO)/beeswax oleogel system and apply it to improve the properties of sodium alginate films. Three single factors, namely the ratio of beeswax/FO, the addition of oleogel, and the addition of glycerol, were optimized based on the comprehensive score of film characteristics: elongation at break (EAB), tensile strength (TS), hydroxyl radical clearance (HRC), and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film. When the ratio of beeswax/FO was 7.807%, the addition of oleogel was 4.829%, and the addition of glycerol was 31.088%, the comprehensive score of the film characteristics was maximum. Moreover, the Decapterus maruadsi preserved by the produced films were assessed for drip loss, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and fatty acids composition. In comparison to the control, the produced films incorporated with linseed oil/beeswax oleogel had a longer shelf-life than Decapterus maruadsi. In conclusion, the oleogel system prepared via linseed oil/beeswax had good stability and hydrophobicity, which can significantly improve the characteristics of the film and extend the shelf-life of Decapterus maruadsi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red betel leaf (Piper Crocatum) contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and alkaloids, known to act as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of red betel leaf extract. The solvents used for the extraction process are ethanol and n-hexane. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method was used to determine antioxidant activity. The results showed that the extract of 200 ppm inhibited fatty acid oxidation by 52.13%. No significant difference (α = 0.05) inhibition of unsaturated fatty acids oxidation between the sample and α-tocopherol at 200 ppm. The ethanol extract of red betel can inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme higher than the n-hexane extract of red betel, as seen from the IC50 value of the ethanol extract of red betel of 1655 ppm, while the IC50 value of n-hexane of red betel is 3090.56 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crisp Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a kind of valuable fish product with high muscle firmness and crispiness texture. However, with the change of physicochemical in crisp Nile tilapia, the frozen storage parameters and quality would be different comparing to normal Nile tilapia. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the changes in texture, chemical quality indices and volatile compounds of Nile tilapia fillets during frozen storage. The remaining storage time of the crisp Nile tilapia fillets could be estimated within 120 days. During frozen storage, fillets resulted in softer started at 90-day, and 36.75%, 45.74%, 48.81% and 20.37% reduction of hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness were observed at 120-day. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) for frozen samples showed similar with fresh fillets within 60 days, while the TBARS was 1.97 folds higher than fresh one at 120-day. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) indicated that the water loss of Nile tilapia fillets was significant changed at 120-day, which reduced more than 12.5% water out of weight. The volatile compound analysis showed that more free fatty acid will be detected at 120-day comparing to the fresh fillets. The combined results demonstrated that the crisp Nile tilapia fillets had the best quality before 60 days frozen storage then loss of some quality properties in longer freezing. Thus, these results identified the ideal storage strategy for the preservation of crisp Nile tilapia without affecting sensory appeal and commercial value [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the connection between Type 2 diabetes and hearing loss. The study discovered that male individuals with diabetes were more likely to experience hearing loss compared to females. The duration of diabetes and glycemic control were also identified as important factors in hearing loss. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers were found to be associated with hearing loss in diabetic patients. The study emphasizes the importance of regular audiological assessments for individuals with Type 2 diabetes to detect and address hearing loss at an early stage. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Recently due to adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, there has been a growing interest in the application of natural essential oil in vegetable oils. The present study investigated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of clove essential oil (CEO) and its addition to sesame oil. Methods: composition and antioxidant activity of clove essential oil The CEO was prepared and analyzed by GCMS. Then, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined. The CEO at different concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08%) and TBHQ (0.02%) were added to sesame oil and samples were stored at 60 °C for 5 weeks. Peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (p-AV), total oxidation (TOTOX) value and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) were determined in sesame oil samples every week for 35 days. A total of 5 components including eugenol (96.25%), eugenol acetate (1.88%), trans-Caryophyllene (1.66%), a-humulene (0.16%), and caryophyllene oxide (0.06%) were determined as the main components of CEO. Results: The TPC of CEO was 345.95±7.85 mg GAE/g. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of CEO for DPPH (IC50) and FRAP methods was estimated 0.83 ± 0.11 mg/ml and 112.37±8.81 mM Fe2SO4. It was shown that peroxide, p-AV, TOTOX, and TBARS values of all sesame oil samples increased during 5 weeks of storage at accelerated conditions. TBHQ showed better function in preventing oil oxidation, but CEO had acceptable function especially in 0.08% concentration. Conclusion: The CEO in vegetable oil due to high phenolic content could retard lipid peroxidation. It could be mentioned that CEO could be considered as an alternative of synthetics ones in vegetable oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We investigated the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of an ethanol crude extract of Red Sea brown alga (Hormophysa cuneiformis) from Egypt. Methods: Extraction was achieved by mixing 100 g of sample powder with absolute ethanol, incubating at 37 °C overnight in a shaking incubator, and then collecting the extract. The extract's antimicrobial activity was tested using a well diffusion assay against the tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) in comparison to commercial antibiotics. Anticancer activity was assessed using MTT assay on MCF-7, HepG-2, and HEP-2 cell lines. The anticancer mechanism of action against the HepG-2 cell line was investigated using cell cycle analysis, Annexin V, and antioxidant enzymes, in addition to transmission electron microscopy. Results: GC-MS phytoconstituent profile of the extract was dominant with fatty acids. A broad antimicrobial effect against all the pathogenic isolates of E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtitles, and C. albicans was demonstrated, especially at the high concentration in comparison to commercial antibiotics. The extract could inhibit the growth of the tested cell lines. We observed the most significant effect on HepG-2 cells, and the concentration of the extract played a role in the level of inhibition (IC50 of 44.6 ± 0.6 μg/ml). The extract had negligible effects on Vero normal cell lines at the lower concentration, with slight toxicity (90.8% viability) at the highest concentration (500 μg/ml). At this same concentration, the extract caused 80-92% inhibition of the cancer cell lines. The extract appears to have demonstrated promising effects on cancer cells. It induces programmed cell death (apoptosis), arrests the cell cycle, and affects the oxidative/antioxidant balance within the cells, potentially leading to the suppression or elimination of cancer cells. These findings are encouraging and may have implications for cancer treatment or further research in this area. More action of extract was seen against bacteria than fungi, with a wide antibacterial impact against all of the tested isolates, notably at the high concentration in comparison to conventional antibiotics. Conclusion: According to the findings, H. cuneiformis may be a valuable source of chemicals that are both antimicrobial and anticancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frozen storage of emulsion-type sausages may be one approach to avoid or reduce the use of sodium nitrite, which is associated with health risks. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) mince (M0) was washed for 1 (M1) or 3 (M3) times and the impact of washing on the properties frozen storage (- 18 °C) during 4 months were determined and results were compared to those of conventional silver carp sausages (Mt). Lipid oxidation, as evidenced by changes in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and FFAs, took place during storage in the order of M0 > M1 = M3 = Mt with M0 being highly oxidized (P = 0.05). Total volatile base nitrogen formed during storage and the ranking for the quality loss was as follows M0 > M1 > M3 = Mt. Washing (M1 = M3) led to less hardness (P = 0.05). Mt had better redness, while M1 and M3 led to higher expressible moisture, water release and lightness (P = 0.05). Results indicated the lower sensory and consumer-liking properties of frozen M1 and M3 sausages. Therefore, washing and frozen storage influenced silver carp mince sausages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible coats derived from a natural animal source and conveying natural active compounds to meat products may be the golden solution that sums up various preserving benefits. In this study, the main goal was to ascertain whether casein coat and casein coat enhanced with 1000 ppm Sorbic acid and 600 ppm ascorbic acid may be utilized to increase the acceptability of frozen beef kofta. In addition to the control trial, two coats were compared: a plain casein coat and a casein coat enhanced with 1000 ppm Sorbic acid and 600 ppm ascorbic acid. Organoleptic, bacteriological, proximate chemical analysis, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ("TBARS"), cooking characteristics, and instrumental colour evaluations were examined for each kofta treatment during three months of storage at -18°C. Results revealed that casein coats were able to boost several sensory attributes of raw and cooked kofta in addition to the overall acceptability of the raw product. Moreover, coats significantly decreased all tested bacterial counts and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values in addition to maintaining compositional parameters from deteriorating during the storage period. As for cooking characteristics, they were all improved by applying casein coats when compared to the control. Casein coated with acid surpassed the plain casein coats in improving all parameters in addition to having the best colour scores for all three months of storage. It has been concluded that casein coats can be utilized to improve the quality of beef kofta without colour or flavour problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Several reported cases of autoimmune conditions such as anti-NMDAR encephalitis and neuromyelitis optica (AQP4) have been considered to be potentially secondary to Treponema pallidum infection. Since the role of immune impairment in neurosyphilis is unclear, in this retrospective study, we examined the correlation of the immune impairment in patients with neurosyphilis with their clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods: Clinical information was collected from patients with neurosyphilis in our center from January 2019 to December 2021. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence tissue-based assay (IIF-TBA) on mouse brain sections and cell-based assay (CBA). The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of TBA-positive and-negative patients were compared. Results: A total number of 81 patients diagnosed with neurosyphilis were included. The results of the CBA tests showed that three cases had anti-NMDAR, AQP4, or GAD65 antibodies, respectively. By TBA test, 38 patients (38/81, 46.9%) had positive immunostains, including staining of neuronal cells in 21 cases (21/38, 55.3%), glial cells in 11 cases (11/38, 28.9%), and neuronal and glial cells in six cases (6/38, 15.8%). We then compared the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes between the TBA-positive and-negative patients and found that TBApositive staining was significantly correlated with syphilis antibody titers (p = 0.027 for serum and p = 0.006 for CSF) and head MRI abnormalities (p < 0.001 for parenchymal abnormalities and p = 0.013 for white matter lesions). The cognitive prognosis of TBA-positive neurosyphilis patients was significantly worse than that of TBA-negative patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The correlation between the TBA results and clinical data of our neurosyphilis patients imply the presence of secondary immune damage, which affected their prognosis. Therefore, TBA can be used as an additional biomarker for neurosyphilis patient prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kidney is an essential part of the urinary system responsible for hormone secretion and blood filtration from waste products. Nephrotoxicity (NEP) is one of the most popular kidney diseases and originates from environmental toxic agents and a wide spectrum of therapeutic drugs. Olive oil (OO) is among the natural oils extracted from olives. It offers many health benefits against chronic diseases and has an immunostimulant role. The study was designed to predict the reno-protective impact of OO opposing NEP. The research model was performed using three groups of adult male albino rats (n=30); the control group, NEP induced group by carbon tetrachloride, and the third group protected against NEP by OO. Kidney function was evaluated by measuring serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, and electrolytes. Further, the oxidative stress parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitric oxide, and reduced glutathione were analyzed in renal tissue homogenate. In addition, the ELISA technique assessed both tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. The histopathological study of renal tissue was also inspected. The results demonstrated that OO has an excellent protective effect, such as greatly restoring the higher level of kidney parameters and oxidative stress injury. Further, OO declined the induced inflammation and fibrosis in the protective group compared to NEP. Therefore, due to OO promising nephroprotective potentiality, it could be used to avoid disorders linked to oxidative stress. It is strongly recommended to conduct further research on its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effect of adding antioxidants, namely curry leaf extract (CLE) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), on the physicochemical properties of ghee during deep frying. The results showed that the addition of CLE to ghee resulted in significant changes in the L*, a*, and b* values, likely due to the extraction of chlorophyll molecules during CLE preparation. Deep frying caused a decrease in L* values and an increase in a* and b* values of ghee, as well as an increase in the redness and yellowness indices, with control ghee experiencing the most significant changes. The viscosity of ghee increased during frying, and the increase was less in ghee with added antioxidants. Antioxidant-added ghee showed the least increase in total polar compounds (TPC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) during frying, which are indicators of oil degradation. CLE and BHA were found to inhibit the production of Cholesterol Oxidation Products (COPs) in ghee during deep frying for up to 45 minutes. Control ghee showed the presence of both COPs (5a, 6a-epoxide and 7ß-hydroxy cholesterol) after 45 minutes of frying, whereas ghee with added CLE and BHA had only 5a, 6a-epoxide after 45 minutes of frying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on studying the preparation, characterization (physical, mechanical, optical, and morphological properties as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) and packaging application of chitosan (CH)-based gel films containing varying empty green pea pod extract (EPPE) concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5% w/w). The experiments revealed that adding EPPE to CH increased the thickness (from 0.132 ± 0.08 to 0.216 ± 0.08 mm), density (from 1.13 ± 0.02 to 1.94 ± 0.02 g/cm3), and opacity (from 0.71 ± 0.02 to 1.23 ± 0.04), while decreasing the water vapour permeability, water solubility, oil absorption ratio, and whiteness index from 2.34 to 1.08 × 10−10 g−1 s−1 pa−1, from 29.40 ± 1.23 to 18.75 ± 1.94%, from 0.31 ± 0.006 to 0.08 ± 0.001%, and from 88.10 ± 0.43 to 77.53 ± 0.48, respectively. The EPPE films had better tensile strength (maximum of 26.87 ± 1.38 MPa), elongation percentage (maximum of 58.64 ± 3.00%), biodegradability (maximum of 48.61% after 3 weeks), and migration percentages than the pure CH-gel film. With the addition of EPPE, the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the film improved. SEM revealed that as EPPE concentration increased, agglomerates formed within the films. Moreover, compared to control samples, packing corn oil in CH-based EPPE gel films slowed the rise of thiobarbituric acid and peroxide values. As an industrial application, CH-based EPPE films have the potential to be beneficial in food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method has been used for the spectrophotometric determination of secondary lipid oxidation products, such as malonaldehyde (MA), due to its good correlation with sensorial perception of lipid oxidation. Other approaches have been proposed over time. Direct distillation can result in artificially increased MA concentrations due to intense heating. Extraction is a milder and faster method, but it suffers from false color development in the presence of sugars or other compounds. A novel approach using steam distillation for the recovery of MA was developed. Validation and optimization studies were conducted, aiming to maximize MA recovery from various meat product samples by adjusting the steam distillation parameters. For the optimal MA recovery, 10 g of the sample, 25 mL of H2O, and 5 mL of 2 N HCl were used. The sample was distilled using a stream of water vapor until 50 mL of the distillate was collected in less than 3 min. Subsequently, 5 mL of the distillate was reacted with 5 mL of 0.02 M TBA, and the absorbance was measured at 532 nm. MA recovery was 61.8%. Experimentation with varying nitrite levels suggested that the addition of sulfanilamide is necessary when NaNO2 is more than 50 mg MA/kg. The proposed method is fast, milder than direct distillation, and eliminates the issue of TBA interacting with sugars and other compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of humic substances (HS) extracted from vermicompost on the growth performance, fecal score, bone ash content and antioxidant status in muscles and blood serum of weaned pigs from 1-42 days postweaning. Two-hundred 22-day weaned pigs were assigned to four treatments: 1= Positive control diet with colistin (PC), 2= Negative control diet without antibiotic or HS (NC), 3 and 4= Diets with 2 500 and 5 000 ppm of HS, respectively. Growth performance, fecal consistency, dry matter and ashes of metatarsus and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, iron reducing ability and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in muscles and blood were registered. Results were subjected to ANOVA and regression analysis. Linear increasing responses (P < 0.05) were found in the body weight at 42 days postweaning, the ADG from 1-7, 8-21, 22-42 and 1-42 and the gain:feed ratio from 1-7, 22-42 and 1-42 days postweaning, whilst the fecal score decreased linearly (P < 0.01) from 1-7, 8-21 and 1-42 days postweaning due to the increasing dietary HS concentration. The antioxidant potential of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (P < 0.05) in loin muscle and blood serum at three and seven days, and in fillet muscle at seven days postweaning increased linearly due to the increasing dietary HS concentration. It is concluded that the addition of HS improved the growth performance from 1-42 days post-weaning and the antioxidant status in muscles and blood serum of weaned pigs at three and seven days postweaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is a severe global health problem, with high morbidity and mortality. In sepsis, one of the main affected organs is the liver. Hepatic alterations characterize a negative prognostic. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω3), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, are part of the main families of polyunsaturated fatty acids. ω3 has been used in studies as sepsis treatment and as a treatment for non-alcoholic liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with fish oil (FO) rich in ω3 on liver changes and damage resulting from experimental sepsis. A model of severe sepsis in Wistar rats was used. Oxidative stress in the liver tissue was evaluated by means of tests of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 2,7-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate , catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in the serum TBARS, DCF, thiols and, to assess liver dysfunction, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Hepatic tissue damage was evaluated using H&E histology. In assessments of oxidative stress in liver tissue, a protective effect was observed in the tests of TBARS, DCF, CAT, and GPx, when compared the sepsis versus sepsis+ω3 groups. Regarding the oxidative stress in serum, a protective effect of treatment with ω3 was observed in the TBARS, DCF, and thiols assays, in the comparison between the sepsis and sepsis+ω3 groups. ω3 had also a beneficial effect on biochemical parameters in serum in the analysis of ALT, creatinine, urea, and lactate, observed in the comparison between the sepsis and sepsis+ω3 groups. The results suggest ω3 as a liver protector during sepsis with an antioxidant effect, alleviating injuries and dysfunctions. In sepsis, one of the main affected organs is the liver, initially through inflammation to oxidative stress and cell death.Omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), they're part of the main families of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on the results of the study, we can suggest that ω3 treatment has a protector effect in liver injuries, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes elevation resulting during experimental sepsis. [Display omitted] • Protective effect, during sepsis, against oxidative stress in the liver. • The treatment demonstrated a protective effect against liver injuries and dysfunctions. • The treatment showed good results in the evaluations of the liver tissue. • Observed improvement, based on the results of the creatinine and urea tests. • Omega 3 has potential for the treatment of liver oxidative stress resulting from sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research / Revue Canadienne de Recherche Vétérinaire is the property of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of the extended dry aging period (0, 20, 40, and 60 days) on lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile, and tenderness in selected dry-aged Hanwoo cow beef cut loins. Dry aging regimes were 40C and 85% relative humidity. Lipid oxidation was determined by using 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Shear force values of the highly marbled beef decreased first 20d aging and did not significantly change after that, until 60d. The hardness of texture profile analysis gradually decreased, but the chewiness value did not differ. A total of 16 fatty acids were identified in dryaged beef. The most predominant FAs in the aged beef were C18:1, C16:0, and C18:0. The C18:2 was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the samples. Total PUFA gradually and C18:2n-6 decreased (p<0.05) during aging. C20:1, C18:3n-3, C20:4, and C22:1 acid significantly decreased (p<0.05) until 20d aging, and no changes were observed after 20d to 60d. 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive values of beef increased (p<0.001) during dry-aging days, dry aging for 40d and 60d resulted in excessive oxidation of lipids. Dry-aged meat is so popular because of its unique taste. Improvements in tenderness are associated with the 20d aging of beef subprimal, however, some lipid oxidation may be associated with the development of specific dry-aged beef flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), rich in phenolic compounds, is an undervalued byproduct derived from processing pomegranates. However, there are very few studies on the inhibitory effect of PPE on harmful substances during meat processing. This study was intended to investigate the influence of different concentrations of PPE (0.50%, 1%, and 1.50%) on the generation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and some quality attributes in mutton meatballs. All samples with the addition of PPE (0, 0.50%, 1%, and 1.50%) were fried for different lengths of time (2.5 min and 5 min) at 175±5 °C, and the contents of fourteen HCAs, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and carbonyl values of fried mutton meatballs were evaluated. The results showed that samples fried at 2.5 min had a low HCA content, and the HCA content enhanced significantly when the frying time was increased from 2.5 to 5 min (P <0.05). In comparison with the control group, PPE could significantly inhibit the generation of total HCAs in fried mutton meatballs (P <0.05), and the total HCAs content decreased with increasing PPE concentration. PPE significantly reduced carbonyl and TBARS values in fried mutton meatballs (P <0.05). Moreover, PPE resulted in a significant increase in a* and b* values as well as a decrease in L* values in fried mutton meatballs (P <0.05). In conclusion, PPE could inhibit the formation of HCAs and improve the quality of mutton meatballs, and could be considered as a natural inhibitor of HCAs in fried meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Beetroot is a nitrate-rich vegetable with cardiovascular benefits. This study examined whether ingestion of beetroot juice (BRJ) protects against pulmonary hypertension (PH). Rats were injected subcutaneously with 60 mg/kg monocrotaline (MCT) and randomized to receive either drinking water, low-dose BRJ (BRJ-L, nitrate content: 1.4 mmol/L), or high-dose BRJ (BRJ-H, nitrate content: 3.5 mmol/L), which was started 1 week after MCT injection and continued until the end of the experiment. Four weeks after MCT injection, right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) elevation, and pulmonary vascular remodeling were observed. These PH symptoms were less severe in rats supplemented with BRJ-L (Fulton index, p = 0.07; RVSP, p = 0.09, pulmonary arterial medial thickening, p < 0.05), and the beneficial effects were more pronounced than those of BRJ-H supplementation. Plasma and RV nitrite and nitrate levels did not change significantly, even when BRJ-L and BRJ-H were administered. There were no differences in plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a biomarker of oxidative stress, among the groups. BRJ-L supplementation significantly decreased RV TBARS levels compared to MCT alone (p < 0.05), whereas BRJ-H supplementation did not. These findings suggest that starting BRJ supplementation from an early stage of PH ameliorates disease severity, at least partly through the inhibition of local oxidative stress. Habitual ingestion of BRJ may be useful for the management of PH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Either extracts, cell-free suspensions or bacterial suspensions are used to study bacterial lipid peroxidation processes. Along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and several other strategies, the thiobarbituric acid test is used for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) as the basis for the commercial test kits and the colorimetric detection of lipid peroxidation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation processes levels in the suspensions, extracts and culture supernatants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Derby strains. The dependence of the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels in the cell extracts, the suspensions and cell-free supernatants on bacterial species, and their concentration and growth phase were revealed. The effect of bacterial concentrations on MDA formation was also found to be more pronounced in bacterial suspensions than in extracts, probably due to the dynamics of MDA release into the intercellular space. This study highlights the possible importance of MDA determination in both cell-free suspensions and extracts, as well as in bacterial suspensions to elucidate the role of lipid peroxidation processes in bacterial physiology, bacteria–host interactions, as well as in host physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main requirements for the nutrition of cancer patients include the presence of antioxidants in the diet. Animal products are a source of complete proteins and fat, vitamins and minerals and should be present in a balanced diet. The aim of the work was to determine the antioxidant activity of ready-to-eat turkey products enriched with the vitamin complex and intended for inclusion into the diet of cancer patients. The research objects were the vitamin complex consisted of antioxidant vitamins C, B9, B12, D3, which quantitative and qualitative composition was developed by the authors, finished minced products from turkey fillet without the vitamin complex (control) and finished minced products from turkey fillet enriched with the antioxidant vitamin complex. The products were prepared by different ways: 1 - in a microwave oven (Panasonic) at a power of 1000 W during 8 min.; 2 - in an electric oven (Panasonic) at a temperature of 180 °C during 30 min. with preliminary searing; 3 - in a steam convection oven (Unox) at a temperature of 170 °C and air humidity of 60% during 30 min. The total antioxidant capacity was determined by the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). Catalase activity and the content of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined using SF-2000 spectrophotometer (OKB Spectr, Russia). Superoxide dismutase activity was determined using SF-2000 spectrophotometer in accordance with the method of Marklund and Marklund with modifications by Getellier, Mercier, and Renerre. It was found that the vitamin complex developed by the authors had the antioxidant activity, which was 374.15 µmol-equivalent of dihydroquercetin/g. The maximum preservation of vitamins in the enriched products after heat treatment was revealed in the third method and amounted to: 19.6%, 72%, 34.5% and 51% for vitamins C, B9, B12, and D3, respectively. Introduction of the vitamin complex into turkey products helps to increase the antioxidant activity. For example, a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase activity by 1.4, 1.6 and 1.43 times was observed in the enriched products compared to the control in the first, second and third treatment methods, respectively. The catalase activity increased by 2.2, 2.3 and 2.1 times, while the products of free-radical and peroxide oxidation of endogenic substances (TBAAP) decreased by 3.8, 3.9 and 4 times, respectively. Thus, the turkey culinary products enriched with the vitamin complex have the high antioxidant activity irrespective of the heat treatment method and, therefore, can be included into the diet of cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: glibenclamide; preeclampsia; nitric oxide; reactive oxygen species; antioxidant capacity; HUVEC EN glibenclamide preeclampsia nitric oxide reactive oxygen species antioxidant capacity HUVEC N.PAG N.PAG 12 08/29/22 20220801 NES 220801 1. Figures and Table Graph: Figure 1 There were no differences in HUVEC viability between treatment with glibenclamide (GB) or the combination of GB (50, 100, and 200 µM) plus plasma of NT (n = 10) and PE (n = 10) pregnant women for 24 h. Supernatant Levels of MDA Indicate a Decrease in Lipid Peroxidation in GB-Treated Cells... The cells incubated with GB showed lower levels of MDA in the supernatant ( I p i < 0.05) when compared with cultures with only pooled PE plasma (Figure 5). [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: CCHS; rare disease; oxidative stress; circulating biomarkers; TBARS; FRAP; AOPP EN CCHS rare disease oxidative stress circulating biomarkers TBARS FRAP AOPP N.PAG N.PAG 9 08/29/22 20220801 NES 220801 1. Overall, our results suggest increased OS in CCHS patients and that AOPPs are the most relevant serum biomarker for monitoring OS in these patients. Therefore, in this study, circulating antioxidant/oxidant status was evaluated by measuring FRAP, TBARS, AOPP, and AGEs in CCHS patients to evaluate the relationship between OS and CCHS, and to investigate the significance of this balance in this rare genetic disease. Results and Discussion Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Capacity in the Serum of CCHS Patients Biomarkers of systemic OS and total antioxidant capacity are of great value in assessing a physiologically altered or increased disease state [[29]]. [Extracted from the article]

Objective We aimed to study the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of Bushen Qizhi formula on cognitive function in ischemic stroke rats by the Keap1/ Nrf2/ ARE signaling pathway. Methods Ischemic stroke was induced in male SD rats by thread occlusion. The rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the model group, the Bushen Qizhi formula low-dose(BSQZ-L) group(3. 6 g/ kg), and the Bushen Qizhi formula high-dose(BSQZ-H) group (14. 4 g/ kg),nine rats in each group. Treatment lasted for 14 days. The Garcia JH method was used to evaluate the degree of neurological deficit. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the ischemic hippocampus. The TBA test, the WST-1 assay, and the microplate method were used to determine MDA levels, SOD activity, and GSH levels in the ischemic hippocampus. ELISA was used to detect TNF-α, IL-18, and CXCL10 levels in the ischemic hippocampus. Results In the model group, the neurological score was lower(P<0. 01), the time of escape latency was higher(P<0. 01), the time in the target quadrant and the time spent crossing the platform were both lower(P<0. 05, P<0. 01), and the protein expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1, the MDA content, and TNF-α, IL-18, and CXCL10 levels in the hippocampus were all higher(P<0. 05, P<0. 01), and SOD activity and GSH levels were both lower (P<0. 01) compared with the sham group. Compared with the model group, the neurological scores were higher in the BSQZ-H and BSQZ-L groups (P<0. 01), the escape latency was reduced in the BSQZ-H group(P<0. 01), the time in the target quadrant and the time spent crossing the platform were higher in the BSQZ-H group(P<0. 05, P<0. 01), the time in the target quadrant was higher in the BSQZ-L group(P<0. 05), the protein expression level of Keap1, MDA content, and the TNF-α, IL-18, and CXCL10 levels in the hippocampus were lower in the BSQZ-L and BSQZ-H groups (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), the protein expression levels of Nrf2, GSH levels, and SOD activity were all higher in the BSQZ-L and BSQZ-H groups(P<0. 05, P<0. 01), and the protein expression level of HO-1 was higher in the BSQZ-H group(P<0. 05). Compared with the BSQZ-L group, the neurological score was higher(P<0. 01), the protein expression level of Keap1, MDA content, and TNF-α and IL-18 levels in the hippocampus were all lower(P<0. 05, P<0. 01), and GSH level and SOD activity were both higher (P<0. 05) in the BSQZ-H group. Conclusion The mechanisms underlying the positive effects of Bushen Qizhi formula on neurological deficit and cognitive impairment in rats after ischemic stroke may be related to the activation of the Keap1/ Nrf2/ ARE signaling pathway, the reduction of hippocampal oxidative stress, and the inhibition of the inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• C. citratus, S. spontaneum, O. compressa and D. annulatum showed highest antihemolytic potential. • In vitro ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid tests were applied. • Among essential elements, ICP-MS revealed highest concentration of sodium in C. ciliaris and potassium in P. annua. • Elements have substantial influence on the biological activities of examined species. Free radicals produced in vivo increases 'oxidative stress' and leads to lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and other disorders such as hemolysis. Present study aimed at evaluating the biological potentials of seventeen Poaceae species in order to scientifically confirm their traditional uses and to identify elements involved in regulating reactive oxygen species. Extracts of seventeen grass species were prepared to determine antioxidant activity using ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid assays. Sorghum halepense, Eleusine indica, Ochthocloa compressa, Saccharum spontaneum, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Cymbopogon citratus showed highest antioxidant potential. Antihemolytic potential was assessed by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) induced hemolysis in human erythrocytes and was found to be highest in C. citratus (96%) followed by S. spontaneum (95%), O. compressa (66%) and D. annulatum (60%). DNA damage activity was performed using p1391Z plasmid DNA. In the end, samples were digested using nitric acid and the concentration of twenty elements was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Principal component analysis (PCA) of essential elements showed 70% variability and non-essential elements displayed 52% in total variance. Hence, the selected botanicals can be used commercially in the treatment of oxidative-stress related diseases as the concentration of different elements validate their safety and efficacy for human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that can cause cognitive impairment. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has a significant neuroprotective effect on animals with memory impairment. However, the mechanism of how Rg1 mediates the Wnt signaling pathway and improves cognitive function by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation is still unclear. In this study, the spatial memory ability of tree shrews was tested by Morris water maze, the expression levels of amyloid protein (Aβ1‐42), ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (iba‐1), nitrotyrosine (NT), and 8‐hydroxyguanine (8‐OHG) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the activity of catalase (CAT) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) was, respectively, measured by the ammonium molybdate method and the 5,5′‐dithiobis (2‐nitrobenzoic acid). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was determined by the thiobarbituric acid test. Finally, the expression levels of Beta‐secretase (BACE1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), BCL2‐Associated X (Bax), B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), caspase‐anti‐apoptotic factor Cleaved‐caspase‐3 (Caspase‐3), microtubule‐associated proteins 2 (MAP2), Neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), as well as the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β and β‐catenin were detected by Western blot. This study implied that Rg1 reduced the phosphorylation of Tau protein, the deposition of Aβ1‐42, and the expression of BACE1. It also showed that Rg1 increased the antioxidant activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, and instead reduced the oxidation products of NT, 8‐OHG, and MDA, as wells as the inflammatory factor interleukin‐1 and iba‐1. It further showed that Rg1 increased the ratio of Bcl‐2 to Bax and expression of neuronal markers MAP2 and NeuN, but instead reduced the expression of Caspase‐3, GSK‐3β, and β‐catenin. In conclusion, by regulating the Wnt/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway, Rg1 of moderate and high dose could alleviate oxidative stress damage, improve neuroinflammation, protect neurons, finally improve the cognitive impairment of the AD tree shrew. This study provides theoretical basis for the Rg1 clinical application in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of turmeric and black pepper on high-fatdiet-related biochemical and histological disorders in WISTAR rats. Fifteen male rats were divided into 3 groups (n=5), G1: control that received 350g/d of standard diet; G2: 350g/d of High Fat Diet (HFD) and G3: that received 350g/d of HFD supplemented with turmeric and black pepper (TBP) for two months. Our results showed that HFD induced a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides. However, the HDL level was decreased. In addition, a significant increase in weight gain values and a significant decrease in relative testicular weight were observed. Moreover, the HFD significantly increased testicular oxidative stress expressed as Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) levels. The histological analysis showed a decrease in sperm cells number in the seminiferous tubules lumen, and reduced seminiferous epithelium thickness in rats treated with HFD. On the other hand, TBP treatment was able to. In conclusion, our results indicate that TBP supplementation can effectively reduce the deleterious effects of HFD on the lipid profile and the testicular structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, layer-by-layer (LBL) coating method was adopted to improve the shelf life and nutritional properties of walnuts. To increase the shelf life of walnut, rose extract was used, which according to the results of HPLC, Quercetin and Gallic acid were the highest phenolic composition in the methanolic extract of rose. First, 0.5 and 1% Carrageenan and 2, 4 and 6% rose extract were used to coat walnuts. The results showed that increasing the concentration of Carrageenan-rose, prolonged the shelf life of walnut so that the amount of coated walnut peroxide values (Carrageenan 1% and rose 6%) and uncoated walnut after 120 days of storage were 1.95 ± 0.27 meq O2/kg and 3.28 ± 0.37 meq O2/kg, respectively. The amount of thiobarbituric acid in the uncoated samples (0.061 ± 0.006) was significantly higher than the coated samples (0.054 ± 0.004) at the end of the storage period. FFAs were significantly increased in uncoated samples (0.76 ± 0.02) compared to uncoated samples (0.4 ± 0.25). Moisture reduction occurred more severely in uncoated samples. In the next step, Carrageenan (1%), rose extract (6%) were used as the first layer to create LBL coating, and chitosan (1%) and Bacillus coagulans probiotic were used as the second layer. At the end of the storage period (49 days), bacteria's population was 8.041 ± 0.012 (Log Cfu/g), that confirms the probiotic potential of walnuts with LBL coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, canola oil was structured into oleogels with carnauba wax and evaluated for fat-uptake reduction and oxidative stability during deep-fat frying of chicken breast samples. Chicken samples were deep fat fried in either canola oil, 5% or 10% (w/v) oleogels for 3–4 min at 177.7 °C. Consequently, the proximate composition, microstructural properties, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), texture, and color characteristics were analyzed. Chicken samples fried in 5% and 10% oleogels recorded a lower fat-uptake (8.53% and 9.15%, respectively) compared to canola oil fried samples (15.10%). Generally, samples fried in 5% oleogel had the lowest TBARS and puncture force values. Color properties significantly varied between oleogel and canola oil fried samples. The microstructural evaluation showed observable differences in pore size, cracks, and fissures in the crust among all fried samples. Also, the frying medium did not alter the protein and ash contents of the fried samples (p > 0.05). Comparatively, moisture content was significantly higher in oleogel fried samples than in canola oil fried samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic treatment (UT) was used to thaw large yellow croaker in this study, and the effect of various ultrasonic power levels on the quality of large yellow croaker was evaluated after thawing. The effects of ultrasonic on water holding capacity (WHC), moisture distribution, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance (TBARs), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), ATP degradation (related to K value), surface color change, free amino acid (FAA) content, total sulfhydryl group (SH) content, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra (FT‐IR), fluorescence emission spectra, and microscopic observations of large yellow croaker myofibrillar proteins were investigated. The thawing times of the control sample, 200UT, 240UT, 280UT, and 320UT samples were 1750, 1190, 810, 580, and 570 s, respectively, which indicated that ultrasonic radiation could improve thawing efficiency. Additionally, ultrasonic thawing maintained better freshness and color and inhibited lipid oxidation. Compared with fresh samples, the TVB‐N of large yellow croaker thawed by ultrasonication increased by 12.68%, and the K value increased by 0.9%. The 240UT sample had tightly arranged myofibrils and fewer changes in the structures of myogenic fibrillar proteins than the fresh samples, and the SH content of 240UT was decreased by 8.17%. Use of excessive ultrasonic power (320 W) damaged the protein microstructure and the microstructure of large yellow croaker. In conclusion, sample 240UT maintained the quality of large yellow croaker better with minimal damage, which is recommended for rapid thawing. Practical Application: Ultrasonic waves improve the thawing efficiency of large yellow croaker and maintain the freshness and color of the fish. According to results, sample 240UT exhibited slight changes in the structure of the myofibril protein, but excessive ultrasonic power destroyed the microstructure and protein structure. Appropriate ultrasonic treatment to the thawing of fish has good prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We clarified the level of lipid oxidation that a panel perceived oxidized odor. Chemical measurements of lipid oxidation (TBARS-value and a* value of TBA test paper) and sensory analysis were performed on minced beef samples stored at different temperatures (2, 4, 10 and 15°C) and days (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days). An analytical sensory panel evaluated the intensity of oxidized odor on a seven-point scale in each sample. A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was observed between the intensity of oxidized odor and TBARS-value or a* value of TBA test paper, and therefore the regression equation indicates that minced beef with 0.094 µmol/g as TBARS-value or 17.18 as a* value is estimated to have relatively strong oxidized odor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicochemical variations in products are known to occur depending on storage conditions. This study examined the effects of storage time on the physicochemical, sensory, rheological, and microbiological properties of fortified low-fat spreads. Fortified spreads containing potassium sorbate (PS; 0.05% and 0.1%) or MicroGard 100 (MG; 0.5% and 1%) as preservatives and a control spread (CS) were packed in presterilized airtight polyethylene jars and their shelf lives were investigated by storage at (5±1) °C for 91 d. Based on the physicochemical properties, the addition of preservatives inhibited the formation of free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid and influenced the pH and acidity. The emulsion stability of the preserved samples was greater than that of the CS after 14 d. As storage progressed, the sensory and rheological properties of the CS deteriorated continuously, whereas significantly smaller changes were observed for the samples containing 0.1% PS and 1% MG. The surface growth of yeasts and molds was the main cause of spoilage, particularly in the CS. For all the samples, the standard plate counts and the yeast and mold counts increased during storage. In contrast, the coliform counts were zero, indicating that the samples were manufactured and stored under hygienic conditions. The samples containing lower levels of preservatives (0.05% PS and 0.5% MG) were acceptable for 70 d and 77 d as compared to 49 d for the CS. Notably, the addition of 0.1% PS and 1% MG extended the shelf life to 91 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the status of oxidative stress and lipid profile in hypertensive patients of blood group A, B, AB and O and compare them with normal healthy controls. Material and Methods This was a case control study conducted on 280 subjects which were divided into two groups containing 140 each healthy and hypertensive of age group between 30 to 60 years. These groups were again divided into four groups according to their blood groups containing 35 subjects in each group. Serum was used for the estimation of lipid profile using standard diagnostic kits. Thiobarbituric acid test was used for the estimation of malondialdehyde content in plasma. haemolysate used for the assay of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. P value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results We have observed significantly elevated levels of serum triglycerides and malondialdehyd in group A, B, AB and O hypertensive patients. Serum total cholesterol level was elevated significantly in group A, B and AB along with decreased values of serum HDL-C whereas in group O patients there was non-significant increase in the values of total cholesterol. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was significantly decreased in group A, B and AB and whereas in group O there was non-significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion The study concluded that the patients with blood group A, B and AB are more susceptible to oxidative stress and impaired lipid metabolism as compared to blood group O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) between hydatid cyst patients and controls. Design : case —control study . Patients and methods: The study was conducted on patients with CE before the surgical treatment in two general teaching hospitals in Mosul city ( Al-Zahrawy hospital, Al-Salam hospital ) between June 2009 -September 2012. Eighty seven patients with positive Echinococcus granulosus IgG ELISA tests and 103 apparently healthy controls with negative E.granulosus IgG ELISA tests . total MDA activities of both patients and controls were determined by using thiobarbituric acid Test Assay method ( TBA assay method ). Results : The mean age of patients was (32.1 ±11.45 ) years and (30.81 ±12.19 ) years for controls . The MDA levels of patients and controls was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference between MDA levels of patients and control group was statistically significant both for females (p<0.05) and males (p<0.05 ) in the patient and control group, The MDA levels of liver and lung CE was statistically significant (p<0.05). while no correlation was found between age and MDA levels no statistically significant (p>0.05) both in females and males. Conclusions: In the present study found the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels is higher in hydatid cyst patients than controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to analyze the effects of long high-intensity interval training (HIIT) associated with pyridoxin supplementation on tissue and oxidative injury markers in animals. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8): sedentary (GS), HIIT (GH), and HIIT + pyridoxine (GHP). The HIIT comprised 18 sessions of 7 repetitions of 2min × 2min rest, 3 times per week. Pyridoxine was administered to the GHP group 1h before the exercise. The Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sulfhydryl group (SH) were analyzed as markers of oxidative stress and CK, LDH, ALT and AST as tissue lesions. There was an increase in the correlation between CK and LDH of 172.86% and 268.83% in the GH group compared with the GS group, respectively. There was a reduction in CK (34.37%) and LDH (34.74%) compared with the GH group, which had an increase of 229.03% in ALT. Pyridoxine supplementation reduced ALT by 80.62% in the GHP group compared with no-supplementation GH group. In addition, there was a reduction in plasma MDA (52.92%), liver (20.30%) and cardiac (22.06%) tissues in GHP compared to GH. It was possible to conclude that administration of pyridoxine attenuated oxidative stress, and tissue injuries induced by HIIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, edible coatings made of gelatin from the skin and waste of sturgeon and extract of Portulaca oleracea were used for fish sausages. The results showed that the extracted gelatin had a good solubility and could be used as a biopolymer for the fabrication of edible coatings. Then, the mixed solution of gelatin and extract were used to coat the fish sausage samples. The chemical, microbial, and sensory properties of the coated/uncoated fish sausages were studied during the storage. The results showed that the sausage samples coated with a gelatin solution (concentration of 3%) in the presence of 1.5% Portulaca oleracea extract had a better shelf life, microbial attributes, chemical properties, and sensory acceptance compared to other samples. In the case of lipid oxidation, the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value was related to the sample which was coated with 3% gelatin coating containing 1.5% of extract. The highest amount of TBARS at day 30 of storage was found with control sample which was not coated. These results suggested that the edible coating made of sturgeon skin gelatin and extract from Portulaca oleracea plant can be effectively used to improve the quality and shelf-life of different food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study included preparation of the beef meat burger that was partially substituted with plant sources, including barley, oats and wheat bran powder. The study was conducted on five transactions, and the first treatment was the control treatment (without replacement), the second treatment replaced the meat at a rate of (5%) and the third treatment replaced the meat in it at a rate of (10%) and the fourth treatment was the replacement rate (15%) and the fifth treatment was the rate of substitution in it. (20%). The product was stored by freezing (-18 ± 2) for a period of 120 days. Changes in chemical indicators were studied including Cholesterol, Thiobarbituric Acid(TBA), water holding capacity (WHC) and extract release volume (ERV) and retained moisture and retained fat During this period the quality properties of burger for periods (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120) days. The results showed that the plant source, replacement ratios and storage period had a significant effect (P <0.05)on TBA, decreased with increase in the replacement rate and increased with advances of the storage period, also the Cholesterol decreases with the increase in the replacement percentage and the storage period advances, as for WHC increase with increase in the substitution ratio and decreases with advances storage period, percentage of retained moisture and retained fat, it increases with the increase in the replacement percentage and decreases with advances storage period, as for ERV decreases with increase replacement rate and increases with advances of storage period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study designed to assessment the effects of Natural extracts for pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum PPE) and Ginger root (Zingiber officinale GRE) to extend storage life of common carp fish fillet (Cyprinus carpio) during period of 10 days at refrigerated (4°C). The physico-mechanical parameters, included pH, thiobarbituric value for lipid oxidation levels, Total volatile basic nitrogen, Peroxide value (PV), total viable counts were ranged. The results revealed that all the extracts were had significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity in vitro the biochemical attributes of fish meat increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the storage period. The fishes were acceptable up to 10th days in 4oC in case of GRE and PPE treatments, respectively. The GRE 5% significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the value of PH, TBAR, PV and total viable counts compared with ather treatment as shown by lower TBARS values. While both concentrations for PPE exhibited moderate efficiency to minimize value bacterial counts, PV and TBAR concluded that; the natural extracts of PPE & GRE can be used to preserve the fish meat and prolong the shelf life during 4OC storage for a considerable period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research work has been designed to evaluate the effect of p-coumaric acid in chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve induced neuropathic pain in rats. In addition, biochemical tests such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total protein were performed in sciatic nerve tissue sample. The neuropathic pain has been efficiently and successfully induced in rat by the performance of CCI. The battery of behavioural test showed the development of neuropathic pain as an index of rising the paw and tail thermal and mechanical pain sensitivity. The treatment of p-coumaric acid at dose 50 and 100 mg kg-1, p.o. for 15 consecutive days have been shown to produce significant ameliorative effect on CCI of sciatic nerve induced neuropathic pain sensitivity. In addition, CCI of sciatic nerve also induces the oxidative stress in nervous system by rising TBARS, decrease GSH and proteins levels in sciatic nerve tissue and these effects are reversed via administration of p-coumaric acid and statistically equivalent to standard drug. Hence, it may be concluded that, p-coumaric acid can be useful in the management of neuropathic pain symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed at introducing a durable and customer-friendly product as a result of immersion of chicken thigh meat in apple peel extract (APE) and corn zein (Z) edible coating enriched with ginger essential oil (GEO) in the refrigerated condition. Antioxidant activities of ethanol (70%) and water extracts of apple peel were examined using reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assays in maceration, ultrasound, and combined ultrasound and maceration extraction methods. Ultrasound-assisted ethanol 70% APE was found as the strongest antioxidant extract. The chicken thigh meat pieces were divided into six groups as follows: control (C), APE, Z, APE-Z, Z-GEO, and APE-Z-GEO. Then, all of the groups were stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 12 days and analyzed on days 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12. All treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the population of mesophilic, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, pcycrotrophic, lactic acid bacteria, and fungi compared to the control group. Also, the amount of PV (peroxide value), TBA(thiobarbituric acid), and pH of all treatments were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than the uncoated samples during storage time. Combined treatment of APE-Z-GEO was the most efficient group among the others, which enhanced the chicken meat shelf life for 12 days. According to the sensory evaluation, addition of APE to the chicken thigh meat improved texture and taste features compared to the other treatments. The samples containing Z received the highest scores in the color feature. APE-Z-GEO and APE treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) created the best aroma in the samples among the other treatments. Therefore, APE immersing along with Z coating containing GEO can be suggested as a natural formulation in the shelf life enhancement of chicken thigh meat under the refrigerated condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the antioxidant activity of the extracts of Fumaria parviflora L. root and leaves obtained by ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, supercritical fluid, and subcritical water extraction was assayed through DPPH radical scavenging method, ferric reduction assay, β-carotene: linoleic acid bleaching assay, and rancimat. The higher phenolic (50.47 mg GA/g DM) and flavonoid content (13.14 mg QE/g DM) was observed in ultrasonic leaves extract. The concentration-dependent antioxidant activity was observed for all extracts in all evaluation methods. The ultrasonic extract of F. parviflora L. leaves was incorporated into nanocapsules which were prepared with maltodextrin (MD), and gum Arabic (GA) at different ratio (1:0, 0:1, 1:1). The antioxidant activity of nano encapsulated extract was evaluated in sunflower oil (SFO) during 50 days of storage. Howbeit, the MD-GA nanocapsule was smaller than other nanocapsules, they had higher antioxidant properties in SFO. At the end of storage time, the lowest peroxide value (9.28 meq O2 kg−1 oil) and thiobarbituric acid value (4.34 mg malondialdehyde eq kg−1 oil) were related to oil containing MD-GA nanocapsules in comparison with control sample which exhibited the highest peroxide value (94.03 meq O2 kg−1 oil) and thiobarbituric acid value (0.32 mg malondialdehyde eq kg−1 oil) values. Also, the tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) had higher antioxidant capacity at lower concentration in all antioxidant tests, the SFO samples containing nanoencapsulated extract were more resistant to oxidation than control and TBHQ samples. The results of this study suggest that encapsulated F. parviflora L. leaves extract can be used as natural antioxidant to preserve sunflower oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strain of Staphylococcus simulans D14 (S. simulans D14) showed the highest nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of 4.52 mM NO2−/mg dry weight by the spectrophotometric method, which was screened from traditional Chinese sausage. When the UV mutagenesis time was 25 s, the positive mutation rate was the highest at 26.60%. The NRA of the obtained positive mutant UV-11 was 9.21 mM NO2−/mg dry weight, and the activity was found to be 1.04-fold higher than that of the original strain S. simulans D14. A Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was employed to screen the significant variables pH, KNO3 (%) and incubation time (h), and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the significant variables using a Box–Behnken design (BBD). The results showed that the NRA of S. simulans UV-11 was 15.22 mM NO2−/mg dry weight under optimum conditions of 37 °C, pH 6.5, incubation time 15 h, KNO3 0.045%, NaCl 5%, NaNO2 0.015%, peptone 1%, and D–mannitol 1%, which increased by 65.2% compared with the unoptimized medium. Natural curing agents (containing 107 CFU/g S. simulans UV-11 under optimal conditions and 1.40% celery powder, T2) were added to the cured meat model. T2 produced significantly lighter and redder signals than the control group (C) and the addition of 150 ppm NaNO2 group (T1). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of T2 was 2.30 mg malonaldehyde/kg product and residual nitrite of T2 was 7.1 ppm after 14 days of storage,which were lower than those groups of C and T1. Taking into account the results of cured meat models, S. simulans UV-11 could be selected as a potential starter culture for the processing of natural meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis supplementation for cattle on the shelf life of fresh beef steaks (longissimus dorsi). Three treatment groups (seven steers per treatment) included: 1) Control diet, 2) Control diet + 0.25% of macroalgae inclusion (low dose, LD), and 3) Control + 0.5% of macroalgae inclusion (high dose, HD). After the animals were harvested, the strip loins from all animals were collected and aged for 14 days at the meat lab of the University of California, Davis. Then the strip loins were cut into steaks, packaged, and placed on a retail display case for 6 days. During a retail display, instrumental color (L*, a*, and b*) of lean muscle and external fat surfaces were measured every 12 h. Bacterial counts for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria (APB), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were assessed on days 0, 3, and 6 of retail display. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis was conducted to measure the lipid oxidation and the pH was also assessed on days 0, 3, and 6. No interactive effect between treatments and time on the shelf life of steaks was observed. The HD red macroalgae supplement decreased (P < 0.05) the lightness (L*) of the surface muscle of the steaks, while the lightness of the external fat was not affected (P < 0.05) by treatments throughout the retail display. The external fat yellowness of the steaks was lower (P < 0.05) in LD and HD treatment groups compared with the control group. An increase (P < 0.05) in counts of AMB, APB, and LAB was observed on the steaks from the steers in the HD treatment group while steaks in Control and LD group had similar bacterial numbers throughout the retail display. The results indicated that the shelf life of steaks from cattle in LD group remained the same as that of the Control group, but the HD of A. taxiformis caused a darker color of steaks with higher microbial counts, which may lead to a shortened shelf life due to undesirable appearance and faster microbial spoilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]