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Examining some very old things using social-theoretical thinking can shed new light on some very recent ones. This paper argues that the movement into and through digital environs of ancient texts of religious, spiritual, and other forms of significance in recent years is just the latest iteration of very long-term glocalizing processes. These involve specific types of intricate and crisscrossing intra-and inter-civilizational modes of communication and mediation, namely translation practices. The paper sets out an account of inter-civilizational encounters in history, focusing on how texts often taken by many people today as direct expressions of the divine are in fact the results of the activities of those glocalizing actors known as translators. Studies of 21st century digital glocalization, virtual religion, and related areas will benefit from further considering textual translation practices, as these are embedded within the long-term history of contacts between civilizational constellations. The historical unfoldings of ancient texts, when these have been subjected to glocalizing inter-civilizational processes, are more akin to online forms of communication than one might think. Thinking through such matters generates more capacious accounts of historical and contemporary glocalization and the glocality of civilizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of the research is to clarify the rules of succession through a focus on everyday life in the Crimean Khanate. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that until now both individual aspects and the general everyday life of the Crimean Khanate have not been studied. In turn, this is due to the fact that the sources of the Crimean Khanate period are mostly written in the Arabic script. Much attention in the article is paid to new facts revealed during the study of the Kadiaskers’ notebooks of the XVII–XVIII centuries. An analysis of the recorded court decisions allowed us to clarify not only one aspect of the extensive legislative system, but also to imagine the everyday life in the Crimean Khanate. When writing the article, the following scientific-research methods were used: comparative-historical method, linguistic analysis method and others. The identified examples of court decisions from the Kadiaskers’ notebooks have been transliterated and translated from Arabic (the Ottoman language) into Russian, which will significantly facilitate the work for future research. During the research, it has been found out that the executive and legal authorities in the Crimean Khanate worked strictly according to the established Muslim legislative system, the Sharia laws. Each individual example taken and examined reveals the details of life situations and gives an opportunity to look into the everyday life of an ordinary person.

The way by which the news is created and published has been changed by the appearance and the extensive adoption of the Semantic Web (SW) and the concepts of Social Media together with the growth of the Internet. The spread of Fake News (FN) is also prevalent. However, the recognition of FN from the disparate sentences of various website data becomes a challenging task. Hence, an FN detection system is developed in this paper by employing the proposed CKH_GAN model. The process is initiated by gathering data from the scraped dataset, which contains different news and tweets. Then, the acquired data is pre-processed to remove the repeated details, hashtags, and meaningless usernames. Further, the redundant website data are eliminated using the HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)-Map Reduce approach. Subsequently, the disparate characteristics, including grammar less and factual less sentences are detected and grouped based on the similarity measures by using the developed FTS-BERT (Fined Tuned Scaling-centered Bidirectional Encoder Representations from the Transformer) algorithm. Further, the informative features are extracted, and the significant features among them are chosen utilizing the proposed CP-EO (Cutting Plane method-centered Equilibrium Optimizer) technique. Eventually, based on the selected features, the FN and real news are categorized using the proposed CKH_GAN (Calculus Krill Herd based Generative Adversarial Networking (CKH_GANs) model for identifying the FN. The experimental outcomes exhibit that the proposed work detected FN with an accuracy of 95.89%, precision of 93.65%, f-score of 94.87%, FPR of 11.23%, and FNR of 10.98%, which are better than the other existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on Wittgenstein's theory of ordinary language use and Lamin Sanneh's insights into the effects of biblical translations in vernacular languages, this essay examines how the translation process in Niu Tireni (New Zealand/Aotearoa) in the 1830s contextualized or indigenized Christian concepts of the sacred/holy (tapu), the price (utu) paid by Christ for the sin of the world, and God's forgiveness (muru) due to that sacrifice (utu). Through translation, therefore, Christian scripture was changed, or acquired new cultural referents. On the Māori side of the translation process, the result of reapplying fundamental Māori concepts to Christian narratives and theological categories was to re-map the Māori mental universe—so that it, also, was not the same as it was before the translation came into being. Through translating the scriptures into the indigenous tongue, they had become a Māori (native/indigenous) possession. In so doing, however, the original cultural framework had flexed towards—if not become drastically reformed by—a biblical understanding of sacred and redemptive time and the actions of a Supreme Creator/Te Atua acting within human history but neither identical with that history nor with creation itself. Nevertheless, we are also presented with a picture of intersecting but not always corresponding meanings as the result of cross-cultural translation—with creative misunderstandings or an epistemic "middle ground" (following Richard White) of multiple meanings being one of the inevitable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the influence of including pictures in online consumer reviews on review helpfulness perceptions for different types of products (hedonic vs utilitarian). Based on the dual-process model of information processing and regulatory fit theory, the study finds that reviews composed mainly of pictures are more helpful for hedonic purchases, while reviews composed mainly of text are more helpful for utilitarian purchases. The reason is that a picture-based (vs text-based) review permits consumers to obtain more knowledge about a product's emotional (rational) benefits, which fits with hedonic (vs utilitarian) products' consumption motivation. Specifically, the effect of fit between hedonic (vs utilitarian) purchase and picture (vs text) presentation of a review on the review helpfulness perception is mediated by emotional (vs cognitive) engagement. JEL Classification: M31, M37 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Examining some very old things using social-theoretical thinking can shed new light on some very recent ones. This paper argues that the movement into and through digital environs of ancient texts of religious, spiritual, and other forms of significance in recent years is just the latest iteration of very long-term glocalizing processes. These involve specific types of intricate and crisscrossing intra-and inter-civilizational modes of communication and mediation, namely translation practices. The paper sets out an account of inter-civilizational encounters in history, focusing on how texts often taken by many people today as direct expressions of the divine are in fact the results of the activities of those glocalizing actors known as translators. Studies of 21st century digital glocalization, virtual religion, and related areas will benefit from further considering textual translation practices, as these are embedded within the long-term history of contacts between civilizational constellations. The historical unfoldings of ancient texts, when these have been subjected to glocalizing inter-civilizational processes, are more akin to online forms of communication than one might think. Thinking through such matters generates more capacious accounts of historical and contemporary glocalization and the glocality of civilizations.

Images and texts, their qualities as empirical data, and their entanglements, have been the object of methodological and theoretical debates in social scientific research for a few decades now. Scholars have argued that images and texts are fundamentally different to the point of being incommensurable. Contrary to this line of reasoning, this paper suggests that images and texts are similar enough to be studied within the same framework, that of semiotics, understood as a non-reductive approach to the socio-cultural making of aesthetics, performances, and meanings in multi-media arrangements. Unfolding this argument, I do not suggest that 'images are like texts,' but instead propose that 'texts are like images.' Doing so, I discuss a few of the most frequently assumed properties of images, and how these may apply to texts. As such, this article sets the theoretical perimeters for more specific methodical approaches in social scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athar alrafedain is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In some places in the Qur'an and Hadith, the words like استغفار زلہ وزر غفلت لا ادرى ظلم ذنب ضل هم and سقم are attributed to the prophets messengers. It gives the impression that the Prophets (peace be upon them) may also commit sins. Although these persons are obliged to obey, their being sinners proves that their sins should also be followed and to consider the confirmation of these mistakes from Allah. While the wisdom of Allah requires that He does not command His servants for mistakes and evils. It has been the belief of the majority of the Ummah in every age that the Prophets (peace be upon them) are innocent of all kinds of disbelief and polytheism, bad faith and all kinds of sins. However, according to Fziliya and Azraqa among the Kharijites, it is possible to disbelieve in the Prophets (peace be upon them) because according to them, it is possible for the Prophets (peace be upon them) to commit major sins and their belief is that major sins are disbelief, therefore disbelief in the Prophets (peace be upon them) is also possible. In the same way, their theory is that before the declaration of prophethood, the Prophets (peace be upon them) may disbelieve (al-Iyāz billah). Apart from these two sects of Kharijites, according to the Shities, when the Prophets (peace be upon them) fear for their lives, taqiyyah is performed as can do taqiyyah. This article analyses different point of views about aşmat e Nabuwwat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education is the property of Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Conventional wisdom maintains that a robust educated middle class is an important factor for a healthy democracy. Recent empirical evidence, however, has shown that there is a significant variation in middle class support for democracy. How do educated elites respond to declines in democracy? To date, we know relatively little about how the educated elites view, talk, and respond as democracy erodes in their country. We address this gap by conducting a discourse analysis of government and educated elites texts in Indonesia from 2010 through 2020. We find that government and educated elites' discourses on democracy as democracy backslides tend to diverge significantly: While official texts boast of the Indonesia's identity as a Muslim-majority democracy, materials produced by the country's educated middle class express increasing disenchantment with weak political parties, restrictions on freedom of speech, repressive measures toward government critics, and limited checks on executive overreach. Our results suggest that as democracy erodes, government officials' narratives continue to present the country as a robust democracy, and as such, official narratives alone would not reveal the cracks in democracy in the early stages of decline. Instead, traces of decline are more visible in everyday discourses, where informed citizens express their concerns and criticisms with less fear of reprisals. Rather than standing with the ruling elites, the educated elite authors and producers in our data respond to democratic erosion by resisting and criticizing illiberal measures and demanding greater protection of rights. Our work highlights the importance of an engaged educated middle class who can perceive the subtle erosion in democratic practices and challenge it, both in Indonesia and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Theology / Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building on Wittgenstein’s theory of ordinary language use and Lamin Sanneh’s insights into the effects of biblical translations in vernacular languages, this essay examines how the translation process in Niu Tireni (New Zealand/Aotearoa) in the 1830s contextualized or indigenized Christian concepts of the sacred/holy (tapu), the price (utu) paid by Christ for the sin of the world, and God’s forgiveness (muru) due to that sacrifice (utu). Through translation, therefore, Christian scripture was changed, or acquired new cultural referents. On the Māori side of the translation process, the result of reapplying fundamental Māori concepts to Christian narratives and theological categories was to re-map the Māori mental universe—so that it, also, was not the same as it was before the translation came into being. Through translating the scriptures into the indigenous tongue, they had become a Māori (native/indigenous) possession. In so doing, however, the original cultural framework had flexed towards—if not become drastically reformed by—a biblical understanding of sacred and redemptive time and the actions of a Supreme Creator/Te Atua acting within human history but neither identical with that history nor with creation itself. Nevertheless, we are also presented with a picture of intersecting but not always corresponding meanings as the result of cross-cultural translation—with creative misunderstandings or an epistemic “middle ground” (following Richard White) of multiple meanings being one of the inevitable results.

Green finance cooperation is an organic component of international cooperation among the globalization, but few studies focused on the status of green finance cooperation. Previous studies have confirmed the value of green finance cooperation within countries for green development, laying the foundation for initiating discussions on green finance cooperation between countries. This paper uses quantitative methods such as word frequency statistical analysis, visualization cloud map, and semantic network analysis to analyze the development process of Sino-US green finance cooperation on the basis of selected green finance cooperation texts. The results show that multi-dimensional parties in Sino-US green finance cooperation play a role in promoting the cooperation process and resolving differences in cooperation cognition. Secondly, the auxiliary elements of Sino-US green finance cooperation have achieved value mobilization and effective integration. Thirdly, the development effect of Sino-US green finance cooperation has a relatively sensitive response to external shocks represented by political factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) is the property of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Communication requires attention to honesty and trust. Communicators must have credibility that can be trusted. The speech will be rewarded if it matches the action. The discrepancy between speech and implementation action will only make a speech as lip service. This research aims to identify lip service from President Jokowi and reveal its context. This intertwined reading of the text and context will provide a comprehensive understanding of President Jokowi's lip service communication as well as an understanding of why this lip service communication occurred. This research uses the Political Discourse Analysis (PDA) method. PDA method analyzes Jokowi's lip service texts and contexts: the permissibility of demonstrations, KPK law revision, call for more criticism, and TWK for KPK employees. It has been observed that President Jokowi engages in lip service communication when the topic of discussion revolves around two key discourses: fundamental democratic values and anti-corruption measures. The research findings suggest that such communication is employed to politicize these discourses and maintain President Jokowi's image as a democratic and anti-corruption leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]