1. The systemic pro-inflammatory response: targeting the dangerous liaison between COVID-19 and cancer
- Author
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E. Romano, Alessandra Gennari, Alessio Cortellini, David J. Pinato, G. Pentheroudakis, Meera Patel, Gino M Dettorre, and Wellcome Trust
- Subjects
Oncology ,CAPTURE, COVID-19 antiviral response in a pan-tumor immune monitoring study ,Cancer Research ,CAR, chimeric antigen receptor ,Necrosis ,STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ,BTK, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase ,ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,PNI, prognostic nutritional index ,DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern ,Review ,AP-1, activator protein 1 ,Systemic inflammation ,HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus-1 ,TERAVOLT, Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration ,Neoplasms ,TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha ,IL-6, interleukin-6 ,NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ,COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 ,USC, University of Southern California ,CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ,Interleukin ,ACCRU, Academic and Community Cancer Research United ,mGPS, modified Glasgow prognostic score ,ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ,CRS, cytokine release syndrome ,VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor ,HCK, hematopoietic cell kinase ,STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription ,CRP, C-reactive protein ,OIS, OnCovid Inflammatory Score ,medicine.symptom ,NET, neutrophil extracellular traps ,ATII, alveolar type II ,JAK, Janus kinase ,Tyrosine kinase ,NK, natural killer ,PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern ,TLR, Toll-like receptor ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 ,Inflammation ,Tα1, thymosin alpha 1 ,ProTα, prothymosin alpha ,PI, prognostic index ,ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ,SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,WHO, World Health Organization ,PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1 ,OS, overall survival ,CCC19, COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,Internal medicine ,MCL, mantle cell lymphoma ,medicine ,Humans ,cancer ,CFR, case fatality rate ,IFN-γ, interferon gamma ,WM, Waldenström macroglobulinemia ,NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 ,immune modulation ,Mechanism (biology) ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,CT, computer tomography ,Cancer ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia ,MSKCC, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ,G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ,CI, confidence interval ,PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1 ,inflammation ,FLT3, fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ,business - Abstract
Inflammation is an established driver of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and a mechanism linked to the increased susceptibility to fatal COVID-19 demonstrated by patients with cancer. As patients with cancer exhibit a higher level of inflammation compared with the general patient population, patients with cancer and COVID-19 may uniquely benefit from strategies targeted at overcoming the unrestrained pro-inflammatory response. Targeted and non-targeted anti-inflammatory therapies may prevent end-organ damage in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer and decrease mortality. Here, we review the clinical role of selective inhibition of pro-inflammatory interleukins, tyrosine kinase modulation, anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, and other non-targeted approaches including corticosteroids in their roles as disease-modulating agents in patients with COVID-19 and cancer. Investigation of these therapeutics in this highly vulnerable patient group is posited to facilitate the development of tailored therapeutics for this patient population, aiding the transition of systemic inflammation from a prognostic domain to a source of therapeutic targets.
- Published
- 2021