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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a new and controversial child psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent irritability and frequent temper loss. Among the controversies surrounding DMDD is whether the age of onset criterion-that DMDD may not be diagnosed before age 6 years-is justified. This study examined DMDD symptoms and associated patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, behavioral, and family functioning in a sample of 139 preschoolers (ages 4-0 to 5-11 years) admitted to an early childhood psychiatric day treatment program. DMDD symptoms were common in this acute clinical sample, with 63 children (45.3 %) presenting with frequent temper outbursts and chronic irritability. As compared to children who did not present with DMDD symptoms, these children demonstrated more aggression and emotional reactivity and lower receptive language skills, with high rates of comorbidity with the disruptive behavior disorders. Findings contribute to an emerging literature on preschool DMDD, with implications for early childhood psychiatric assessment and clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locus of control is one of the most widely studied concepts in the history of personality psychology. In spite of its popularity and its associations with numerous relevant outcomes, the ability of locus of control to predict future behaviors involving parenting effectiveness has been under researched. The few parent locus of control children's outcome studies are characterized by cross-sectional methodologies that focus on mothers. The present study uses a prospective methodology to compare data on mothers' and fathers' locus of control with their child's behavior outcomes from a large scale research project, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Based on Rotter's Social Learning Theory published in 1954 and past empirical research, it was predicted and found that parent internality was associated with more positive child outcomes than parent externality. More specifically, when both parents were internal, their children had more positive outcomes in sleeping, eating, and tantrum behavior as compared to any other parent locus of control combination. However external parents had a less restrictive attitude which appeared to have a more beneficial effect on picky eating. Results confirmed how important parent locus of control is in the lives of children. Based on the findings, researchers are urged to develop interventions to change advice to parents and promote more internal locus of control among parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harsh parenting is a common practice among American parents, despite previous research suggesting that harsher parenting may yield negative child outcomes. There has been limited research aimed at experimentally investigating the onset of harsh parenting behavior. The goal of the current pilot study was to evaluate an analog measure for parenting behavior, which can be experimentally manipulated, and thus provide important information regarding events immediately preceding the decision of a parent to use harsh parenting techniques. The initial results suggest that the proposed analog measure is a reliable and valid tool for investigating parenting behavior. The most commonly endorsed parenting decision was to respond by explaining to the child why the behavior was not appropriate. Participants preferred harsher strategies when the parenting scenarios represented child tantrum behavior versus a safety concern for the child. This paper discusses recommendations for future evaluation of the measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared three time-delayed conditions for teaching a child with mild developmental disabilities to wait until a requested reinforce is delivered, without engaging in temper tantrums. In the first phase, a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) was conducted to identify the functions of the child's temper tantrums. Then, a stimulus preference assessment determined the appropriate reinforcements to be used in each treatment session. After this phase, delayed gratification was taught by manipulating three conditions: (a) a fixed 5-minute time delay, (b) a progressive 5-minute time delay with verbal cues, and (c) a progressive 5-minute time delay with visual cues. An alternating treatments design across settings was used to compare the three conditions and determine which was the most effective in teaching delayed gratification. The behavioral changes in participants' temper tantrums were measured through direct observations. The results showed that the progressive time delay with visual cues was shown to be the most effective intervention. The findings also showed that temper tantrums caused by impulsivity had a direct relationship to intolerance of delayed gratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Setting Variables such as location of parent training, programming with common stimuli, generalization of discrete responses to non-trained settings, and subsequent reduction in child problem behavior may influence the effectiveness of interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of home- versus clinic-based training to increase the use of discrete applied behavior analytic strategies by parents for decreasing the problem behavior of their children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during meal-times. A partially non-concurrent multiple baseline design across dyads was used to document the effects of training procedures. Results of training diverse parent-child dyads to implement a function-based behavior intervention plan demonstrated that the intervention appeared to be clinically effective in increasing parents' use of trained strategies, promoting generalization to the real meal-time routine and decreasing child problem behavior. The magnitude of effect was found to be large. Implications for bridging the research and practice gap are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 9-year-old boy presented with intolerance to noise that was a trigger for violent temper tantrums that occasionally resembled complex partial seizures. The condition was also a cause for withdrawal from all activities and settings that could potentially be associated with noise. Both electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography clearly demonstrated a left temporal (T5) epileptic focus, although the child never had convulsive seizures. Genetic studies failed to reveal a GRIN2A mutation. We suggest that the hyperacusis in the reported child is another variation of the Landau-Kleffner spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by impairment in social interactions, in verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted and stereotyped patterns of interest and behavior within the first 3 years of life. Pharmacologic interventions may be needed for the treatment of temper tantrums, aggression, hyperactivity, and stereotypes in children with ASD. The approval of aripiprazole by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for the treatment of temper tantrums in children and adolescents with ASD has gained increased interest for the use in these patients. Aripiprazole is a partial agonist for the dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, and an antagonist for 5HT2A receptors. Because aripiprazole is a partial agonist, it has been is speculated that aripiprazole has a protective effect for extrapyramidal side effects, movement disorders, and metabolic problems. But the increased use in children and adolescents is associated with an increase in the number of case reports related with such problems. Nevertheless, our review of the literature uncovered limited data regarding the association between acute dystonia and aripiprazole use in ASD children under five years of age is. In this paper, we present two cases of autistic spectrum disorder children with ages under 5 years that developed acute dystonia taking aripiprazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sotos syndrome or cerebral gigantism is a syndrome of accelerated overgrowth during childhood with characteristic facial features and learning disabilities. It includes behavioral disorders and neuropsychiatric signs such as attention deficits, social inhibition, psychomotor delay and clumsiness, tantrums and aggressiveness. We describe a case of 9 years old male individual with Sotos syndrome who exhibits oppositional behaviour, impulsiveness and aggressiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the strategies for addressing the behavioral problems of children in the classroom. Topics include how behavioral problems have a direct effect on developmental delays in pre-school children, ways to address such problem behaviors like tantrums, aggression, defiance and hyper-activity at an early stage to help the child's learning development in a classroom setting, and the role of teachers in addressing these problem behaviors.

Highlights: [•] Surgency was related to more food responsiveness, desire and eating without hunger [•] Negative affect was related to more food tantrums but less eating without hunger [•] Effortful control was not uniquely related to obesogenic eating behaviors [•] No interactions between temperament dimensions for obesogenic eating behaviors [•] Findings held when home environment quality (home chaos) was covaried [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mary Santelman discusses all forms of biting, the labeling of a biter, the biter as victim or victimizer, and record keeping of biting behavior. On the list of toddler behaviors, she also examines tantrums, including insights into the child's emotional needs, calming down, kicking, hugging, throwing things, and hurting people. Mary describes calming behavior by nurturing feelings of safety and trust, guiding the child to meaningful work, accepting mistakes, playing outdoors, and assisting with social interactions that give a sense of belonging, positive learning, and clear boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Tantrum behaviors are present in children with ASD, ADHD and comorbid ASD and ADHD. [•] Children with comorbid ASD and ADHD exhibits the highest rates or tantrum behaviors. [•] Comorbid ADHD may exacerbate symptoms of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sonia is a case study of a little girl who presented at age 2 years, 10 months for temper tantrums that drove her parents crazy. Gradually, her doll play revealed a preoccupation with the genital difference and explicit references to her “lost penis,” accompanied by frank urogenital sensations. This play, as well as bedtime anxiety, led to our understanding the extent to which she was absorbed in symptomatic masturbatory behavior that, in turn, was interfering with her development and spoke to the need for more intensive treatment. In the course of her ensuing analysis, which began at age 4, we uncovered the multiple meanings and secondary gains embedded in her masturbatory behavior and accompanying fantasies. Furthermore, over time, we uncovered evidence of a learning difference that had contributed substantially both to her sense of defectiveness and to her ability to master learning about her body and about her affects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of 3 years old boy that was taken to the psychiatrist for the evaluation of severe temper tantrums. He had severe anger outbursts that would occur without any apparent trigger and will last for hours. He had several symptoms including throwing objects at his younger sister, become physically aggressive towards his mother and breaking of his toys

The article focuses on the practices from Sattva Montessori, an urban preschool in Bangalore, India which was considered to be applicable to broaden the cultural flexibility and knowledge of U.S. preschoolers. It says that the participation of children in silent sitting which needed instruction, calm communication, and patience from teachers can help to reduced tantrums, improve oxygen flow, and increase the attention span. It mentions that the creation of rangoli, which symbolizes hospitality, enables children to become creative and work in groups as well as to include the traditional art in school. It says that the introduction of new practices to children will enable them to understand and learn the skills of cultural flexibility which will make them to feel comfortable with difference.

Researchers and clinicians have long hypothesized that there are temperamental vulnerabilities to depressive disorders. Despite the fact that individual differences in temperament should be evident in early childhood, most studies have focused on older youth and adults. We hypothesized that if early childhood temperament is a risk factor for depressive disorders, it should be associated with better established risk markers, such parental depression. Hence, we examined the associations of laboratory-assessed positive emotionality (PE), negative emotionality (NE), and behavioral inhibition (BI) with semistructured interview-based diagnoses of parental depressive disorders in a community sample of 536 3-year old children. Children with higher levels of NE and BI had higher probabilities of having a depressed parent. However, both main effects were qualified by interactions with child PE. At high and moderate (but not low) levels of child PE, greater NE and BI were associated with higher rates of parental depression. Conversely, at low (but not high and moderate) levels of child NE, low PE was associated with higher rates of parental depression. Child temperament was not associated with parental anxiety and substance use disorders. These findings indicate that laboratory-assessed temperament in young children is associated with parental depressive disorders; however, the relations are complex, and it is important to consider interactions between temperament dimensions rather than focusing exclusively on main effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: During adolescence, some individuals with autism engage in severe disruptive behaviors, such as violence, agitation, tantrums, or self-injurious behaviors. We aimed to assess risk factors associated with very acute states and regression in adolescents with autism in an inpatient population. Method: Between 2001 and 2005, we reviewed the charts of all adolescents with autism (N=29, mean age=14.8 years, 79% male) hospitalized for severe disruptive behaviors in a psychiatric intensive care unit. We systematically collected data describing socio demographic characteristics, clinical variables (severity, presence of language, cognitive level), associated organic conditions, etiologic diagnosis of the episode, and treatments. Results: All patients exhibited severe autistic symptoms and intellectual disability, and two-thirds had no functional verbal language. Fifteen subjects exhibited epilepsy, including three cases in which epilepsy was unknown before the acute episode. For six (21%) of the subjects, uncontrolled seizures were considered the main cause of the disruptive behaviors. Other suspected risk factors associated with disruptive behavior disorders included adjustment disorder (N=7), lack of adequate therapeutic or educational management (N=6), depression (N=2), catatonia (N=2), and painful comorbid organic conditions (N=3). Conclusion: Disruptive behaviors among adolescents with autism may stem from diverse risk factors, including environmental problems, comorbid acute psychiatric conditions, or somatic diseases such as epilepsy. The management of these behavioral changes requires a multidisciplinary functional approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temper tantrums among young children were investigated with the questionnaire Parents' experiences of Temper Tantrums in Children. Parents of 132 children (101 mothers, 31 fathers) in a largely swedish-speaking area of Finland completed the questionnaire. 87% of the parents reported that one or more of their children had had temper tantrums. Of all children in the study, 64.7% began having tantrums when they were 2 or 3 years old; 57.1% did not have tantrums anymore after age five. For 46.5% of the cases, the tantrums lasted between 5 and 10 minutes. there was no sex difference for age of onset of tantrums, age when tantrums ceased, age span during which they occured, frequency, or duration of episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada is the property of Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada Journal (Brazil) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Temper tantrums among young children were investigated with the questionnaire Parents' experiences of Temper Tantrums in Children. Parents of 132 children (101 mothers, 31 fathers) in a largely swedish-speaking area of Finland completed the questionnaire. 87% of the parents reported that one or more of their children had had temper tantrums. Of all children in the study, 64.7% began having tantrums when they were 2 or 3 years old; 57.1% did not have tantrums anymore after age five. For 46.5% of the cases, the tantrums lasted between 5 and 10 minutes. there was no sex difference for age of onset of tantrums, age when tantrums ceased, age span during which they occured, frequency, or duration of episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a five year-old girl who is presented with a history of being irritable, having sleeping disturbances, and throwing temper tantrums after 18 days subsequent to her mother's death. The child has been known to have close ties with her mother and has showed bizarre behavior showing irritability, fear, and discomfort. The girl has been diagnosed to have acute grief reaction or adjustment disorder. The girl has been assessed with play therapy.

A child therapy case is presented. Abby, a six-year-old adopted girl, ignores classroom rules, struggles socially, and has frequent tantrums. In early sessions, Abby's play is disjointed though she loves to play. She also loves to boss her therapist around, telling him what to do and say. Abby names her therapist Toy Man, a moniker that remains for much of the treatment. Over the next two years, Abby and her therapist journey through a therapeutic landscape filled with imaginative play. As Abby emerges as a storyteller, she and the therapist embark on a series of adventures that illuminate her feelings about her own history, as the therapeutic relationship becomes more engaged and mutual. The therapist often wonders about the meaning of the play. As he lets go and fully embraces the play, Abby's stories deepen. Now eight, Abby is doing well at school, and is enjoying friends and her family. At this point, she decides she wants to stop therapy. This paper, focused on play scenes and dialogue, is meant to bring the reader into the world of child therapy. It is designed to elicit questions rather provide answers, though the power of a therapist's entering a child's world to understand and co-create meaning is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]