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Rationale: Over the last two decades, sports economists and management scholars alike have increasingly begun modeling the tv demand for professional sports, most notably association football. However, there as yet exists no empirical study on whether the observed mechanisms are robust across different distribution channels. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, we add to this still-emerging literature stream by analyzing the robustness of otherwise well-explored determinants of tv demand across different distribution channels (free-to-air and pay-tv), also distinguishing between male and female tv audiences. Findings/research contribution: Interestingly, exploring the German tv demand for F1 racing at two different tv channels holding non-exclusive media rights between 2011 and 2017, we note that the effects of most (e.g. the starting time, weather), though not all, determinants are robust across the two different channels and the two audience groups. Practical implications: Our results thus suggest that media right holders interested in maximizing television audience demand for a sport broadcast are well-advised to add nuance to their communication efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is commonly accepted that sports media and televised football in particular are sites where ideas about race/ethnicity are (re)produced. However, less is known about how audiences deal with these messages: do they assume these ideas are true or do they negotiate them and if so, how? Using cultural studies as our theoretical framework, we conducted 14 focus groups among Spanish youth and asked them to reflect on ideas about race/ethnicity while talking about football. Results show that interviewees had difficulty in talking about race/ethnicity and that they not only reproduced dominant discourses about race/ethnicity but also negotiated other discourses. Interviewees also described Spanish sports media as sensationalistic and money driven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of academic work has identified sport media as a popular discursive site where meanings are given to race/ethnicity. These works often focus on international mega-events such as the Olympic Games and the men's football World Cup and point to how athletes in these events are often made sense of through reductive and racializing stereotypes. The findings of these--often textual--analyses seem remarkably persistent, notwithstanding what seems a broader societal awareness about the role of sport media in reproducing racial/ethnic stereotypes, also among sport media professionals. In this article we will focus on this apparent sturdiness and resilience of racialized representations in sport media. We argue that further sustained attention to the cultures of production in mediated sport events such as the Olympic Games can advance understandings as to why representations take the shape that they do. We will do so by drawing on our recent studies on the production of televised football in four different European countries: Spain, England, The Netherlands, and Poland. The article will include reflections on how theoretical perspectives from Cultural Studies and Critical Race Theory can serve as useful theoretical underpinnings in exploring the role of race/ethnicity in the production process of mediated sport and will conclude with some sensitizing concepts for studies to further deconstruct the racialized regimes of representation that have been persistently identified in sport media research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to increase the effective use of in-stadium sponsor message placement by analyzing the influence of various run-of-play characteristics on television viewers' visual attention allocation. Sports broadcasts constitute one potential platform for sponsors to place personalized messages. However, literature still questions the effectiveness of in-stadium sponsor messages, and the influence of game-related factors on viewers' visual attention has received little consideration in this context. In addition, researchers call for more reliable and realistic measures concerning the effective evaluation of sponsorship-linked marketing. Therefore, this study uses real-time adaptions (eye-tracking, in-play betting odds, etc.) utilizing live soccer broadcasts as one of the first. Data were analyzed second by second (n = 100,298) using generalized linear mixed models. Results indicate significant associations of several run-of-play characteristics with viewers' visual attention to sponsor messages depending on the characteristic, the games' degree of suspense, and playing time. Findings provide hands-on advice for practitioners to enhance sponsor message placement during live broadcasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Various stakeholders have hailed the recently introduced "European Championships" – a multi-sport event comprising competitions for European titles in several sports – as a huge success, particularly because some previously overlooked niche sports received an extraordinary amount of media attention. Empirical evidence indicates that the event has elicited increased live broadcasting of the participating sports. However, retrospective coverage in popular news media also plays an important role in helping sports federations attract active members, fans, and sponsors. Based on mediatization and news value theory, we investigated whether "the European Championships" elicited increased coverage of the most popular German TV news show when compared with corresponding stand-alone competitions in previous years. We also assessed whether all participating sports benefitted equally from this mediatization strategy of aggregation. Employing quantitative content analysis using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group in a field setting, we analyzed screen time from competitions during (the) European Championships, controlling for national success. The results overall indicate a significant positive aggregation effect, though not all sports profited equally. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of aggregation as a mediatization strategy that might be particularly attractive to niche sports federations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the audiovisual broadcasts of the UEFA Women's Champions League final won by FC Barcelona in 2021. The primary aim of this study is to analyze Spanish media discourses with three specific objectives: to determine the presence or absence of sexism; to identify alternative narratives that may emerge in the broadcasts; and to evaluate whether sports media normalizes these narratives or generates more subtle forms of sexism in the representation of women in football. Sports broadcasting often features sensationalist narratives that can escalate to sexist speech, configured as hate speech, inciting different degrees of aggression or violence. This condition diminishes the potential of sports as a space for coexistence. This article presents a qualitative and quantitative thematic analysis. Following Fuller (2006), Hesse-Biber (2017), and Martínez-Corcuera et al. (2022), we applied coding techniques to examine content related to the representation and participation of women in football. Conclusion reveals a minimal presence of discourses that belittle or marginalize female football players, although multiple alternative narratives that demand equality and recognition are also observed. These findings are consistent with numerous European studies that recognize women's football, although bias against female athletes compared to their male counterparts still persists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusion of innovation theory considers the knowledge of innovation as the essential stage of the innovation-adoption decision. Thus, it is necessary to obtain information about the public knowledge of innovation and unveil its determinants. This study examines the relevant predictors of audience DTT knowledge in Indonesia. We analyze a large sample of respondents disaggregated by basic socioeconomic characteristics to provide a more detailed insight concerning audience DTT knowledge. The statistical summary shows that most respondents had limited familiarity with DTT. In addition, the econometric results indicate that audience gender, age, education, monthly household income, online video subscription, and participation in the DTT campaign are relevant predictors of DTT knowledge. Moreover, the results suggest other significant variables to raise DTT knowledge among subsamples of females (Talkshow and Direct-to-home TV) and those at the lower level of education (Sports and Direct-to-home TV) and income (Sports and Talkshow). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions So What? In Australia, sports broadcasting is afforded special alcohol advertising rights during daytime hours, which raises public health concerns, including short‐term increases in alcohol consumption among the broad viewership of national sporting codes.We conducted a content analysis across a sample of nationally televised finals matches (N = 16) from the Australian Football League (AFL) and the National Rugby League (NRL) to determine the prevalence of alcohol advertising video clips during these broadcasts. We also conducted an online experiment exposing participants (N = 345) to a randomly selected alcohol advertisement and measured the immediate effects on self‐reported alcohol craving and drinking intentions.The prevalence of alcohol advertising video clips during AFL broadcasts was 3.9% and 1.8% for NRL. While, overall, alcohol advertisement video clip exposure did not impact craving or drinking intentions, a modest increase in craving was found for a subsample of risky drinking participants (N = 107) who also reported a preference for the specific alcoholic beverage being advertised.Video alcohol advertisements occurred less than 1 in 20 advertisements on average and exposure to alcohol advertising elicited a low, yet measurable, short‐term increase in alcohol inclinations, among vulnerable adult drinkers when a desirable alcoholic beverage advertisement is viewed.Given that alcohol advertisements are most likely to increase consumption among risky drinkers, health messaging during sports broadcasts needs to specifically target these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was broadcast for the first time on free to air (FTA) television across 49 territories in Sub-Saharan Africa. This article charts the story of this historic development and marks the first study to explore Paralympic broadcast production beyond the cultural specificities of Global North/Western-centric media practices, infrastructure availability and disability discourses. Drawing on an integrated qualitative dataset, including interviews with key individuals from the International Paralympic Committee, TV Media Sport (the broadcast partner) and one national Sub-Saharan broadcaster (Malawi Broadcasting Corporation), this article documents the challenges, logic and politics behind the Sub-Saharan African Paralympic broadcast. In so doing, we consider the extent to which these articulated with epistemic differences, underlying neocolonial sentiments and (mis-)understandings of the geopolitical contours and disability politics of the Sub-Saharan African region. We consider the important role national Paralympic broadcasters may play in the sustainable development of the broadcasts across this region, particularly in relation to its pedagogical value for harnessing progressive localised disability politics, disability activism, and social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to determine the ways in which sports content producers in traditional and new media tools in Turkey frame the images of women athletes on Instagram. In the study, the ways in which television, newspaper and digital sports content producers with the highest number of Instagram followers in Turkey visualize women athletes in the news during international organizations were examined using the netnographic method. Study considered only n = 126 women photographs among the analyzed n = 5382 posts in this context and specified that n = 78 of those n = 126 photos belonged to women athletes. While women athletes stand out more prominently on Instagram in cases of failure, these instances of failure are visualized through images of crying, kneeling and covering their faces, framing helplessness. On the other hand, it was determined that women athletes were presented as sexual objects in the images used and that their body lines were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sports leagues have stood out in the entertainment industry due to their great economic value and cultural impact. This is the case of the American sports leagues, with emphasis on the National Basketball Association (NBA), whose largest Latin American market lies on Brazil. The aforementioned league's audience is constantly growing, a fact that can be partially explained by the encouragement provided for its viewers to interact through social media, in a phenomenon called social TV. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to investigate how social TV works as a means for Brazilian fans to coproduce their NBA broadcasting enjoyment through social media interactions. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a netnography on the community of fans engaged in Twitter hashtag #NBAnaESPN, which was released by ESPN to promote audience integration during NBA games' broadcasting. Findings: A theorization about the role played by social TV in the way fan culture articulates through social media to enjoy broadcasting media products was herein presented. The findings of this study have evidenced three categories concerning the role played by television broadcasting, social media and the fandom in NBA consumption by Brazilian fans. Based on these findings, the authors got to the conclusion that social TV establishes a mediatized environment where fan culture can be articulated through social media to enable interactions about television broadcasting. Research limitations/implications: The study was limited to members of the Brazilian NBA audience who engage in the official social media of the league's broadcasting. Originality/value: The study heads toward a theoretical generalization based on the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lingüística y Literatura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several decades of research have experimentally investigated the influence of alcohol on gambling. However, there has been only minimal experimental exploration of how gambling influences alcohol use. The aim of the current project was to evaluate how gambling influenced mood state and alcohol cravings through randomized experimental design when analyzed with comparison conditions.College students (N = 76) who reported regular alcohol use, gambling within the past year, and being college basketball fans were randomly assigned to watch a video of an exciting basketball game, watch a nondysphoric basketball game, watch a movie, or engage in slot machine gambling. Participants who watched exciting sports or engaged in gambling to reported more energized mood states and higher urges to drink compared to those who watched nondysphoric sports or a movie. These results suggest that the context of gambling may prime individuals to want to consume alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite televised sports being a non-fiction event, the gap that separates a sporting event's live unfolding from its televisual transmission ensures that it has all the aesthetic dynamism of a dramatic series. This essay argues that the sense of liveness that undergirds a televised sports broadcast operates on the side of the viewing subject rather in the object itself. It is the psyche that makes sport live—not the broadcast. This essay looks to Freudian and Lacanian concepts and ideas from television studies to concretize its theoretical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes three important contributions: to research on media and gender equality, specifically through the lens of gender equal sports coverage; to understanding the lived experiences of women in public service sports broadcasting, and to gender-sensitive public discourse and policy debates concerning the relationship between media and sport. In it, we examine industry attempts to achieve gender equal coverage in public service broadcasting (PSB) in Ireland and Sweden. The paper draws on a three-way dialogic exchange between the authors who, together, have sizeable professional and personal experiences of public service sports broadcasting, sports participation (from amateur to elite levels), and of voluntary sports coaching and administration. This novel exchange also responds to calls for greater insights into women's engagements with media. The paper concludes by considering current issues for PSBs in relation to gender equal coverage and suggesting potential future lines of enquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the determinants of television viewership and its relation to broadcasters' choices of matches for live telecasts. Also, factors driving the broadcasters' choices were examined. A panel data set from the 2018 Korea Baseball Organization league pennant race was analyzed. Broadcasters' choice order of matches and the actual television ratings of each match were regressed on a series of antecedent factors related to the game characteristics and audience preferences. It was found that the broadcasters' choice order of matches positively affected the television ratings, suggesting that the broadcasters' decisions were well reflected in the actual viewership. It also appeared that broadcasters' choices were based on popularity and team performance/quality, whereas viewers showed preference for current games' on-field performance. There was no evidence of audience preference for games with higher outcome uncertainty, whereas the broadcasters tended to choose games with more certain, rather than uncertain, outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of media in shaping public perception of athletes and the complex interactions between media, athletes, and the audience. It emphasizes the need to recognize athletes' humanity and individuality beyond their sport and discusses the impact of financial issues on media representations. The article concludes by calling for readers to challenge media narratives and promote more equitable and inclusive coverage of sports. However, it does not thoroughly analyze media bias or consider athletes' perspectives on their representation. [Extracted from the article]

We study the problem of sharing the revenues from broadcasting sports leagues axiomatically. Our key axiom is anonymity, the classical impartiality axiom. Other impartiality axioms already studied in broadcasting problems are equal treatment of equals, weak equal treatment of equals and symmetry. We study the relationship between all impartiality axioms. Besides we combine anonymity with other axioms that have been considered in the literature. Some combinations give rise to new characterizations of well-known rules. The family of generalized split rules is characterized with anonymity, additivity and null team. The concede-and-divide rule is characterized with anonymity, additivity and essential team. Other and combinations characterize new rules that had not been considered before. We provide three characterizations in which three axioms are the same (anonymity, additivity, and order preservation) and the fourth one is different (maximum aspirations, weak upper bound, and non-negativity). Depending on the fourth axiom we obtain three different families of rules. In all of them concede-and-divide plays a central role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the time he retired in 1982 as executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) until 2019, the baseball establishment blacklisted Marvin Miller from the Baseball Hall of Fame. This article recounts how Miller, one of the most influential figures in baseball history, was excluded for so many years by the corporate‐backed plutocracy that runs the sport. The Hall of Fame's board of directors stacked the committees responsible for voting on candidates with owners and executives who despised Miller and the players union. It also reveals how and why he was eventually inducted in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MATRIZes is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: National surveys reveal that sports fans exhibit greater support for athletes, sports teams and leagues endorsing social justice initiatives compared to the general population, highlighting the potential of sports for positive social impact. This study investigates whether such responses are influenced by systematic biases. Design/methodology/approach: Replicating a Nielsen national survey, two experiments explore whether biases affect support for athletes' participation in the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. The study also examines partisan motivated reasoning as a factor driving sports fans' support for BLM. Findings: While avid fans display stronger endorsement of BLM compared to causal/non-sports fans, evidence suggests that systematic biases distort these responses. When sport identity becomes salient, reported support for the BLM movement becomes inflated. Research limitations/implications: Researchers often employ self-report surveys to gauge audience perceptions of athlete activism or cause-related initiatives, particularly when assessing their impact. This study's findings indicate that this context is susceptible to SDB. Originality/value: The study underscores the role of systematic biases in self-report surveys, particularly in socially desirable contexts. People tend to over-report "positive behavior," leading survey participants to respond more favorably to questions that are socially desirable. Therefore, interpreting survey results with caution becomes essential when the research context is deemed socially (un)desirable. It is crucial for researchers to apply appropriate measures to identify and mitigate systematic response biases. The authors recommend that researchers adopt both procedural and statistical remedies to detect and reduce social desirability biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black local television sports journalists throughout the United States were surveyed to discover how they view both their perceived place in the newsroom and media treatment of, and their own interactions with, Black athletes. The majority say that Black athletes are negatively stereotyped and that, as Black journalists, they have an easier time relating to and telling the story of the Black athlete. Using a thematic analysis of the open-ended comments, the authors found perspective, realization of racism, discriminatory hiring practices, and emotional labor to be common themes. Findings from this mixed methods study point to their belief that hiring more Black television sports journalists could improve coverage of Black athletes, but there are doubts that those job opportunities exist. When discussing their own experiences, the Black television sports journalists said there is some "tokenism" within television station hiring practices that makes it difficult for many of them to be hired. Practical implications for the future of sports journalism and newsroom diversity is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The football rivalry between Real Madrid CF and FC Barcelona is one of the most popular at club level globally. In Spain, where it is known as El Clásico (the Classic), it has an unrivalled status in the sports media industry. Its significance relies in part to the historical tension between Catalonia, the region of which Barcelona is the main centre, and Madrid, the capital of Spain. The exaltation of confrontation and partisanship is the central feature of highly popular radio programmes devoted to El Clásico. This study aimed to observe how the media discourse articulated by these programmes was affected by the fact that, during the Covid-19 pandemic, matches were played in empty venues. Through the comparisons of broadcasts of two games, one from 2017 and from 2020, the paper shows that the sensationalistic style is toned down, and a less polarised and partisan sports journalism is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with most professional institutions, English Premier League football clubs offer insightful, unique opportunities to more fully comprehend the cultural significance of banter and abuse within workplace environments. This article offers a new, critical perspective that provides a better understanding of the distinctive, intricate social discourses surrounding banter in the daily lives of professional footballers by answering the research question: What is the cultural significance of banter within the competitive work environments of English Premier League players? Data were collected from 10 male participants (aged 18–30) by means of qualitative semi-structured vignette interviews. Each participant was interviewed on three separate occasions (30 interviews). The data and subsequent analysis illustrate how banter is an accepted and legitimised discourse within professional football, but promotes considerable anxiety, stress and unhappiness in work environments. This study provides an original insight into the attitudes professional football players hold towards banter. Contributing to the existing research that has examined forms of abuse within sport, this article aims to better inform the management and development of athlete well-being and player care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New generation digital technologies are being applied in new areas every day. Augmented Reality (AR) technology is already being actively used in many different sectors from healthcare to art and education. Recently, studies about AR technologies supported by Artificial Intelligence (AI) were detected. In this study, AR technologies used in sports were studied and research was carried out on the steps of implementation and application with Unity software and briefly demonstrated. In addition, the first AR applications in sports were analysed and information about their development processes was given. Then, AR development software development kits are explained. In addition, some researches in the literature about athletes and AR applications are also mentioned in this study. Information was also given about Unity Mars, a special application development software for AR, which will be published in the following years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Educatio Artis Gymnasticae is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"The Digital NBA: How the World's Savviest League Brings the Court to Our Couch" by Steven Secular explores how the NBA uses social media technology to engage fans and bring the game of basketball into their homes. The book covers topics such as event production, streaming television, globalization of live sport, new technologies in arenas, the impact of wires and cables on global dissemination of sport, and the NBA's approach to media and content production. It also discusses the NBA's adaptation during COVID-19 and its innovative strategies. This book provides valuable insights for both academic study and practical application in the field of sports media and content production. [Extracted from the article]

This work built upon previous research examining meritocracy in elite sport by examining the socioeconomic and racial composition of the high schools of 1,881 players on National Football League (NFL) rosters in 2016. The NFL player data from pro-football-reference.com and perceived race data coded from player pictures are matched to school data for 23,785 public high schools in the Common Core of Data and 3,333 private high schools in the Private School Universe Survey. Using t tests of differences in group averages and General Linear Model analysis of variance, the authors found large statistically significant racial disparities within the NFL with Black NFL players attending high schools with an average of twice as many students in poverty and five times as many Black students than the high schools attended by White NFL players. Overall, NFL players attended high schools with lower socioeconomic status student bodies than the general student population, suggesting more meritocracy. However, analysis by player race shows the difference driven by the racial composition of the NFL compared with the general student population, suggesting this meritocracy is more complex; Black NFL players attended higher socioeconomic status schools with more White students than the general Black student population, and White NFL players attended higher socioeconomic status schools with fewer Black students than the general White student population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport event hosting is viewed as an important tool to create a tremendous impact upon humans, society, cities as well as nations. Hosting international sports events has been a long-standing national policy in Taiwan. Due to differences in the scale of the sport events, evaluating their impact may be required in order to tailor to the needs of the locality in terms of scope and context of the event impact assessment. Thus, this paper identifies suitable indicators for assessing the impact of international sports events in Taiwan through the Delphi study. Four scopes for measuring the impact are identified: sporting, economic, social and environmental impact. Specifically, sporting impact is viewed as the essential component for the local scenario. Also, some emerging indicators were unique and used to revise the context for measuring the event impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of technology in different aspects of the sports industry is widespread across the world, affecting sports training, performance, judging, and spectating. However, the integration, deployment, and evolution of technologies in the sports industry ecosystem are still unclear and unexplained. In this paper, we aim to build and explain the conceptual model for deployment technologies in the sports ecosystem in a holistic approach. This conceptual model is based on a literature review and theoretical synthesis, coupled with 15 qualitative unstructured interviews with high-profile sport and technology experts. Then, we formulated 4 hypotheses and confirmed them using 15 qualitative unstructured interviews with technology and sports experts. The in-depth analysis of the literature and collected data let us build the "Clockwork" Model. To better visualize and explain the development of the model of deployment technologies in the sports ecosystem, based on the analysis of theoretical and empirical data, we compare the mechanism of the model with clockwork. Technology deployment is a complicated operational process and involves the continuous sequence of consecutive elements (stages), ideally functioning as a mechanism. Together, the hypotheses underscore the symbiotic relationship between traditional sports infrastructure and technological advancements, highlighting the importance of a balanced and well-functioning ecosystem for overall success and development in the sports industry. All four hypotheses were confirmed during the second set of interviews (N = 15). Furthermore, their synthesis brought us to build and refine the "Clockwork" conceptual model, which explains, articulates, and visually demonstrates the process of how technology innovations appear and evolve in the sports ecosystem; in other words, the continuous and cyclic process of technology implementation and deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several bankruptcies have occurred in sports media related to overinvestment in football. This research aims to contribute to the extension of the literature on such failures through a further study of business models. This article consists of a case study about Mediapro's arrival in the French sports broadcasting rights market and its rapid downfall. The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of winner's curse and business model, and a detailed review of cases of bankruptcy in sports media. The results of this study demonstrate that the winner's curse is not only the result of the auction process but also the consequence of an unsustainable business model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Live commentary is a pivotal element of sports broadcasting, furnishing real-time updates and analysis to enhance the viewing experience. This exploration paper presents a new approach for live commentary generation using intermittent Neural Networks (RNN). This exploration opens up new avenues for automated live commentary systems, offering real- time updates that allure cult and elevate the sports broadcasting experience The suggested RNN model is trained on a huge dataset of actual match data leveraging the successional character of sporting events. The RNN-LSTM armature is intended to detect temporal correlations in sporting events and generate contextually consistent commentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the morphological types established by anthropologists and sketchers artists over time based on experience of ”the real” and using the measurements performed on students at the gym of UNAGE Iaşi, correlated with studies in the field of anthropometry, we tried to demonstrate the close connection between the construction of the body and the different sports skills that could be exploited at a given moment at a high level. This study could be used in the eventuality of some selections in schools and in institutions with a sports program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian television's efforts to reduce gender inequality in sports journalism are well known. Since 2021, women have been taking on roles that were previously exclusive to men, such as narrating soccer matches. This article starts from the hypothesis that printed newspapers are going against the trend seen in sports television journalism. To achieve the objectives, 1,184 publications from the sports sections of the country's three main newspapers - O Globo, Folha de S. Paulo and Estado de S. Paulo - were analyzed in July 2020 and July 2021. Of the total number of signed texts, 86.7% were written by men and only 13.3% by women. An even greater asymmetry was recorded in the photojournalism of these sections. Women published 7.9% of the photos compared to 92.1% by men. To help interpret the data, two in-depth interviews were conducted with women journalists from the sports sections of these media outlets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During commercial television's early years, the nation's four networks initially featured an extensive offering of sports programming on prime-time schedules. The networks then replaced sports with entertainment programs in these prime slots, relegating sports to weekends. Independent sports producers saw this deemphasis of athletics as an opportunity. Philadelphia-based Tel Ra Productions emerged as the leading producer of syndicated sports programming, beginning in the late 1940s. Its primary program was TeleSports Digest, a thirty-minute weekly show that featured a variety of sporting events. The program comprised the most extensive offerings of sports available, featuring some of the most valuable American sports properties, including NFL football, college basketball, professional baseball, and non-traditional sports, and unique competitive activities. Ultimately, Tel Ra Productions became the most prolific producer of US sports films from 1948 to 1966, appealing to the country's seemingly limitless appetite for athletics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]