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The article for the first time publishes the correspondence of P. I. Tchaikovsky with the Chairman of the Coronation Commission P. A. Richter, connected with the history of the cantata Moscow. This work for soloists, choir, and orchestra to the text by A. N. Maikov was written by Tchaikovsky on the order of the Coronation Commission and was first performed on the day of the solemn coronation of Emperor Alexander III on May 15 (27), 1883. Richter’s letters and telegrams to Tchaikovsky are stored in the Tchaikovsky State Memorial Musical Museum-Reserve in Klin, they have been mentioned in literature but have not been published. It was Richter who on March 4 (16), 1883 turned to the composer, who was then in Paris, with a request to compose a coronation cantata. Response letters and telegrams from Tchaikovsky to Richter, previously unknown, were discovered by the author of the article in 2022 in the Russian State Historical Archives (St. Petersburg). In total, ten archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation, including six unpublished texts by Tchaikovsky: four letters and two telegrams. The correspondence covers the period from March 4 (16) to April 17 (29), 1883. The published epistolary documents are provided with historical and textual-critical comments. The telegrams of both correspondents are presented in the French original and translated into Russian. Tchaikovsky’s correspondence with Richter and comments on it reveal the details of the history of the creation and first performance of the cantata Moscow, the pages of the history of its manuscript and new facts of the composer’s biography. The correspondence materials are a valuable source for restoring the creative history of the cantata as part of the preparation of a new critical edition of this work in Academic Complete Works of P. I. Tchaikovsky.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is one of the unique leaders in history. This will be better understood when his life, military achievements and reforms are analyzed. Atatürk has become a leader who is respected and loved not only in Turkey but also in many regions of the world. In this respect, his death as well as his life was carefully followed by other states. The news of Atatürk's death was met with great sadness both in Turkey and in other countries. In this study; Atatürk's illness in the period close to his death, the well-wishing telegrams and letters sent, the progression of his illness, the reflections in the Turkish and foreign press, his death and subsequent developments will be tried to be explained by making use of the Turkish press and research works, especially the archival documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Official memorandum from the Federal Chancellery/Foreign Affairs and telegram in digits to the Austrian Embassy in Washington, Vienna, Austria on February 21, 1957. It mentions information to Secretary-General by telegraphic instruction from Washington that so far the following states have agreed to draft a joint report through their missions. It also mentions accredited diplomatic missions was without precedent and of course must lead to violent Hungarian reactions.

A literary criticism is presented of the book "In the Cage" by Henry James. The story centers on an unnamed London telegraphist. She deciphers clues to her clients personal lives from the often cryptic telegrams they submit to her as she sits in the cage at the post office. Sensitive and intelligent, the telegraphist eventually finds out more than she may want to know.

What is the role of different epistemic modes in how authority is established in right-leaning conspiratorial narratives? This paper sets out to answer this question through a mixed methods analysis. The first section sets out a model for the analysis of epistemic contestations, using six epistemic modes. This is then applied to a data set of Telegram posts in which key terms are used to identify these epistemic modes. Two questions were then asked of the data. First, how is power related to different kinds of knowledge claims in the far-right conspiratorial milieu? Second, what is the role of these different epistemic modes in how authority is established in right-leaning conspiratorial narratives? How does the epistemology of QAnon influence how they argue? We found that while a broader set of epistemic modes could be identified, there were contestations internally also, particularly around moments of "failed prophecy," and the role of Christianity and esoteric spiritualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay applies Ren Ellis Neyra's concepts of defiance, solidarity, and mulitpoetic sensorial listening from The Cry of the Senses: Listening to Latinx and Caribbean Poetics (2020) to the author's own family story about how her great-aunt ate the telegram announcing her brother's death in the Korean War. Through interpreting the story with multipoetic sensorial listening as a potential methodology, the author uncovers how this brief act so ingrained in her family lore might serve as a form of defiance against colonialism and militarization in Puerto Rico. The essay also questions what it means to have a productive form of defiance and protest. Overall, the author uses the story of her aunt eating the telegram to demonstrate how Ellis Neyra's multipoetic sensorial listening could excavate alternative archives and ways of knowing left out of Western modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a telegram exchanged between the Director General of Posts in Caracas and the Postal Technical Inspector in Tovar in 1938, highlighting its significance in understanding written communication and media evolution in Venezuela during the early 20th century. Topics include the organizational structure of the postal system, the content and format of the telegram, and its role in conveying urgent and confidential information.

The protests that affected the student population in 1968 around the world did not go beyond Yugoslavia. The first Belgrade, and then the students of other Yugoslav universities, launched demonstrations and highlighted the demands for more equitable relations in society. Student demonstrations in Yugoslavia that erupted in June 1968, were a series of public demonstrations and strikes and other protest actions that took place at universities in Yugoslavia, with special emphasis on demonstrations of students from the Belgrade University. The year 1968 is a symbol of revolution and historical change in society, and student revolutionary mood, mini-revolution, demonstrations, riots and dissatisfaction spread from the United States to Europe, and from Paris through Prague to Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana and Sarajevo. Student dissatisfaction was initiated by the inefficiency of the implementation of economic and social reform, and the decline in the standard of living not only of the broader strata of society, which had a negative impact on the student population. During the student mini-revolution, they were trying to gain for their ideals the working class, convincing them in equal interests and the only way to the desired goal, but without success. In this connection, this paper seeks to draw on the basis of the press (Oslobodjenje and Front Freedom) and letters and telegrams addressed to the Union of Students of the Belgrade University to demonstrate that the employees of the company and mine in the Tuzla region reacted to these student demonstrations in Belgrade, then the schools, college students and others. By holding a meeting of working collectives, choirs, then sending letters and telegrams, they condemned the actions of students, but also gave full support to Tito in building a self-managing socialist society.

Copyright of Revue d'Ètudes Proustiennes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to examining the management of the formation of Habermas public Sphere theory in Instagram and Telegram networks. The research method is survey. Statistical Society of this research is the users of social networks (telegram and Instagram). according to the Cochrane formula statistical sample is 384 people. Using purposive non-random sampling method the Statistical samples was selected and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method. The results showed that There is a significant relationship between free access to the Internet and social networks, rational critique of political economic social and cultural issues, rational criticism of the government, free dialogue and the formation of the public sphere. There is a difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and the level of education. There is a difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and individuals' age, but There is not much difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a specific model of the distribution of the messages and retrieving information for a multilevel hierarchy of users that was recently proposed by the authors. The main channels and messengers of communication between users were analyzed and compared. A Telegram messenger bot has been developed to automate the sending of information messages, divided into hierarchical levels of recipients in educational institutions. C# programming language and .NET Core technology, Entity Framework Core, ASP.NET Web API Core, PostgreSQL database were used for development. They are implemented in the VisualStudio environment appropriate application in the form of a web application API. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contributes to the long-standing debate about Lolita's final nine chapters by arguing for a much tighter connection than previously acknowledged between Nabokov'smost famous novel and Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu. Turning on the claim that Dolly's alleged letter fromCoalmont has a precedent intheRecherche, the essay proposes thatHumbert fabricates the letter fromDolly for similar reasons that Proust's Narrator makes himself believe that a telegram he receives fromGilberte is amissive fromAlbertine. The phantomletter in Lolita and the garbled telegram in the Recherche are psychologically therapeutic exercises in misreading and gestures toward paths not taken. But in Nabokov's case, it is also an experiment in writing the kind of literary freedomhe theorized in his 1941 lectureondrama titled "The Tragedy of Tragedy." The article argues that Dolly's potential vanishing act pays homage to the mercurial personalities that Nabokov encountered in Proust's novel andtheunconventional literary structureshe admired in theworks of Pushkin and Chekhov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By focusing on Argentine writer Manuel Ugarte's 1911-1913 lecture tour, this article explores the reconversion of Latin Americanism from a spiritualist and literature discourse to a performative and spectacular practice, articulated by a militant intellectual for a multitude that listens and watches. In particular, it focuses on the role Ugarte gives to the telegram, a product of undersea cable communication technologies, in the organization of student and worker collectives, meant to reconstitute the idea of Latin America through activism. El destino de un continente (1923), the book in which Ugarte narrates his tour, is read here as a performative archive that allows to formulate an alternative genealogy of Latin Americanism rooted in notions of the body, technology, and affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research note examines the intersection of ethno-nationalist and Salafijihadi propaganda content across ideological boundaries: the toxic relationship between supporters of these ideologies is highlighted through an analyses of case study examples of the Christchurch, New Zealand terrorist attack, official as well as unofficial Islamic State propaganda, and data gathered from white nationalist chatter online. The research note also notes how these groups create essentialist narratives about Muslims and Islam as part of their wider efforts to establish rigid worldviews. Finally, it discusses the presence of anti-Muslim prejudice in mainstream public spheres and suggests areas of opportunity for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines that Charles A. Lindbergh set the Spirit of St. Louis down at Le Bourget Aerodrome in Paris after the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Topics include reports that command post had to be set up in the garage of the Lindbergh estate to handle and cull the calls and telegram; and considered that young men, whether infants at the time of immigration or born in the United States, struggled with what it meant to be simultaneously part of the culture of the country.

In the past two decades, researchers and educators have always tried to explore the effects of social media on academic engagement and performance in higher education settings. The present study examines the effect of the adoption of Telegram on academic engagement and performance of graduate students in two Iranian universities. The structural equation model was used to examine the hypothesis. The sample consisted of 409 respondents who were students at universities in southern and northwestern Iran. The results showed that the adoption of Telegram among students is a positive and significant predictor of its educational use. There was a positive and significant relationship between educational use of Telegram and student engagement. Educational use of Telegram affected academic performance in a mediating role of student engagement. Student engagement in the process of education and learning has been significantly related to their academic performance. Implications of the study and the findings were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the most-viewed posts in Persian Telegram channels during the period surrounding Iran's 2017 presidential election. Telegram has become the most popular social medium in Iran, and its channels have played a significant role in recent social and political events. Based on the produsage theory and user-generated content concept, this research identifies the popular content and produsagers on Persian Telegram channels. Moreover, this paper evaluates the potential of these most-viewed posts to support or challenge the dominant discourses in Iran. Using a combination of content and discourse analyses, results show that user-generated content on Telegram supports and reinforces dominant discourses relatively strongly, rather than challenging them. They also show that politics and entertainment were the most popular content on Telegram and confirm that Telegram is usually considered a good tool for receiving information and news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This resarch note examines the ways in which Islamic State supporters on Telegram, an encrypted messaging app, renegotiate gender boundaries. The introduction positions receptions of female ISIS accounts in the online space within the context of the roles that women are expected to fill and ISIS’s tentative acceptance of women fighting on the battlefield. An overview of Telegram gender social norms is provided before discussing the methodology used to gather supporting archival data to analyze the renegotiation of gender boundaries on Telegram. This section is followed by an analysis of a case study that considers the wider implications of what this says about women’s agency and involvement in terrorist groups online. The conclusion addresses the policy implications of possible shifts in gender social norms and the shape that women’s engagement in violent jihadist groups might take in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a 25 August 1940 telegram, the Vichy colonial ministry ordered New Caledonia to turn over its entire nickel production to Japan. This decision, announced in Nouméa on 3 September 1940, has been interpreted by memoirists and historians alike as a 'camouflaged' military invasion and a trigger for the successful bloodless coup that brought New Caledonia to the side of Free France 16 days later. The telegram's full text, however, suggests an equally important interpretation, one that contributes to recent scholarship arguing for the 'trans-imperial' origins of the 'global axis alliance' from 1931 to 1940. Drawing on Japanese, Australian, American and French archival sources, this article argues that New Caledonian nickel – a crucial metal in armament production – not only helped Japan's pursuit of autarkic empire in the 1930s but also served as a Japanese bargaining chip that helped convince the Germans to sign the Tripartite Pact on 27 September 1940. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on official note from the Federal Chancellery/Foreign Affairs in Vienna, Austria on June 29, 1957. It mentions former Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Nagy visit to Austria and serves to attend a top conference of Hungarian emigrants. It also mentions seem to include Austrian passports for stateless persons to have the appropriate visas and telegram prepared in Bern to be dispatched immediately.

The article focuses on a telegram sent by the Austrian Federal Chancellery and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Austrian Embassy in Moscow about an incident that occurred at the border in Rechnitz on November 23, 1956. It mentions that three Soviet soldiers crossed the Austrian border, and pointed their weapons at Austrian customs officers. It highlights that the Austrian Ambassador expressed regret and protest while confirming that it was the first serious border incident.

The article focuses on the current situation in Hungary, and a telegram is addressed to the Austrian delegation at the United Nations. It mentions that the summary of the telegram states that the situation in Budapest has slightly improved regarding food supply, but the overall supply situation remains catastrophic. It highlights that there is strong political pressure and systematic deportations, and the secret police is active again.

This article reports on a study which employed a flipped classroom strategy to increase the amount of peer dialogue among a group of Iranian EFL learners. The flipped strategy used in this study required the students to study some online materials provided for students via a social network called Telegram. Before attending the class, the participants watched videos related to the topic of each lesson, studied online texts that included the bolded vocabulary, and listened to audio clips related to the focus of every session's discussion. The analysis of audio-recordings of peer collaborative talk indicated that the flipped strategy, as compared to the traditional teaching, significantly increased collaborative peer dialogue among the learners. Finally, implications of the study for language teachers and researchers interested in this area of inquiry are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We design the main components of an algorithm-agnostic framework to generate natural language explanations ; • We propose a methodology to extract descriptive (direct and indirect) properties about the items, and we use these properties to feed a graph-based explanation model; • We define a scoring function to rank these explanation patterns and we use the most relevant ones to generate a template-based natural language explanation; • We validate our methodology by carrying out a large user study (N = 680) in three different domains, as movies, books and music; • We integrate our methodology in a conversational recommender system implemented as a Telegram Bot. Abstract In this article we propose a framework that generates natural language explanations supporting the suggestions generated by a recommendation algorithm. The cornerstone of our approach is the usage of Linked Open Data (LOD) for explanation aims. Indeed, the descriptive properties freely available in the LOD cloud (e.g., the author of a book or the director of a movie) can be used to build a graph that connects the recommendations the user received to the items she previously liked via the properties extracted from the LOD cloud. In a nutshell, our approach is based on the insight that properties describing the items the user previously liked as well as the suggestions she received can be effectively used to explain the recommendations. Such a framework is both algorithm-independent and domain-independent , thus it can generate a natural language explanation for every kind of recommendation algorithm, and it can be used to explain a single recommendation (Top-1 scenario) as well as a group of recommendations (Top-N scenario). It is worth noting that the algorithm-independent characteristic does not mean that the framework is able to explain to the user how the recommendations have been generated and how the recommendation algorithm works. The framework explains to users why they might like the recommended items, independently from the recommendation algorithm that generated the recommendations. In the experimental evaluation, we carried out a user study (N = 680) aiming to investigate the effectiveness of our framework in three different domains, as movies, books and music. Results showed that our technique leads to transparent explanations for all the domains, and such explanations resulted independent of the specific recommendation algorithm in most of the experimental settings. Moreover, we also showed the goodness of our strategy when an entire group of recommendations has to be explained. As a case study, we integrated the framework in a real-world application, a conversational recommender system implemented as a Telegram Bot. The idea is to use the explanation for supporting both the training phase (when the user expresses her preferences) and the recommendation step (when the user receives the recommendations). Interesting outcomes emerge from these preliminary experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nationalist Nnamdi Azikiwe won international acclaim through his support of Nigerian workers during the 1945 General Strike, but the important role of Azikiwe’s sophisticated textuality has rarely been acknowledged. Although he was already an accomplished writer and poet, Azikiwe’s success in 1945 is instead vaguely assigned to his charisma and oratory; this refusal to analyse Azikiwe’s textuality leads to the unsatisfactory contention that Azikiwe’s massive support was largely inexplicable. Countering such widespread assumptions, this paper will demonstrate that Azikiwe’s 1945 writing must be understood as the textuality of an elite African writer. Rather than regarding his writings as functional and evidentiary, we must attend to their discursive structure, their stylistic qualities, and their elaboration of a flamboyant authorial persona. In doing so, we will connect Azikiwe’s intervention, often understood purely from the standpoint of labour or political studies, with a growing literature on ‘tin-trunk’ non-elite writers studies of authorial self-fashioning in colonial Africa, and colonial pamphleteering. Ultimately, we will find that questions of personal credibility and cultural references from across the Black Atlantic are critical in Azikiwe’s efforts to secure the trust of his readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the early development of the Victorian inland telegraph, and more precisely the telegraphic despatches, or telegrams, as they became widely known. The first telegram service in Britain was launched by the Electric Telegraph Company two decades before nationalization of the telegraphs in 1870. It is argued that this service was not as innovative as the electric telegraph technology that underpinned it. Attention is drawn to the parallels between the telegram and mail services. To this end, the evolution of postal communication is first explored, with a focus on the nineteenth century, when innovations such as mail-trains and prepayment by stamp considerably accelerated the mail and increased the volume of letters from 67 million in 1839 to a staggering 741 million in 1865. It was in this context that the telegram service was introduced to the public. The operating model adopted by the Electric Telegraph Company to deliver this service is deconstructed to show the similarities with the mail service and to demonstrate that a telegram was not always faster than letter post. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balise is a popular wayside device to provide accurate location information for subway station parking by sending telegrams to passing trains. By craftily disturbing wireless signals of balise telegrams, this paper proposes three attacks that may make passengers fall and even cause injury. Concretely, the first attack is to jam telegrams such that balises cannot be detected by a passing train; the second attack changes the location of transmitting telegrams by jamming and replaying; and the third attack is to change the total time of transmitting telegrams. All the attacks exploit the train localization mechanism such that a passing train localizes its position inaccurately and then takes improper control actions. Furthermore, since these attacks are independent, they can be launched at the same time to achieve advanced attacks. As the attacks do not require to tamper with the balises, they can be launched easily. Our simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attacks. To defeat these attacks, the received telegrams need be verified by a train based on fidelity of telegram data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the evacuations of the two port cities of Gaza and Jaffa in southern and central Palestine, respectively, by their civilian population on the orders of Cemal Pasha, the Ottoman commander of the Syrian front, during the spring of 1917. While these evacuations are usually regarded as mutually exclusive events, they were in fact part of the same process. We claim that the general evacuation order for two of the main coastal cities of Palestine was driven by the exigency of war and military considerations, rather than by political motivations such as the desire to destroy Zionism or take revenge against the Arab population. This view does not negate the exceptionality of each case but rather aims to better contextualize them within the larger framework of civilian affairs in the region and the Empire at large during WWI. For this purpose we analyse a 17-page enciphered Ottoman telegram that sheds new light on the rationale and the execution of the evacuation of populations in Palestine and compare it to other controversial events in Greater Syria during the war. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The large empirical conflict literature has established that there is a strong negative link between economic variables and the onset of an armed civil conflict. However, it has been difficult to demonstrate a clear causality between poor economic performance and increased risk of conflict because of potential endogeneity issues, especially for large country samples. Most existing studies that analyse the causal links focus on the effects of economic growth on conflict, even though conventional conflict studies find the strongest relationship for income levels. In this article, we use three new exogenous instruments for income per capita, based on historical data for mailing times, telegram charges and urbanization rates. Using instrumental variables methods and global panel data for the period 1946-2014, we show that the negative effect of income per capita on the probability of conflict onset is consistently strong and larger than in conventional estimations using pooled ordinary least square regressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]