Search

The present study investigates how parenting stress mediates the intergenerational continuity of childhood adversity in teenage mothers. Childhood adversity experiences of caregivers significantly affect their offspring's exposure to childhood adversity. However, little is known about the mechanisms linking childhood adversity across generations. The study measures how parental distress and parent-child dysfunctional interaction mediate the association between teen mothers' childhood adversity and their offspring's adversity, measuring when the offspring reached 11.5 years of age. The results revealed that parental distress, but not parent-child dysfunctional interaction, mediated the association between teen mothers' child abuse and their offspring's household dysfunction. This suggests that parental distress may be a crucial intervention target to prevent the intergenerational continuity of childhood adversity. The findings imply that efforts to prevent the intergenerational continuity of childhood adversity may be more successful if the public and professionals have a broader understanding of the associations between early adversity and parenting contexts. In conclusion, the study shed light on the potential mechanisms underlying the intergenerational continuity of childhood adversity and highlights the importance of targeting parenting stress, specifically parental distress, as an intervention strategy to prevent the perpetuation of childhood adversity across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study set out to give an in-depth analysis of the experiences of adolescent student mothers studying at the pre-tertiary level. Specifically, it examined how they balance caring for the baby while paying attention to their academic work and the implications of their dual role. To achieve the stated goal, a case study design within a qualitative approach was deployed for the study. Findings revealed navigating the dual role at the pre-tertiary level is not easy. Colleagues and family members offer support to achieve a balance. However, this is often limited. Mind and attention split when thinking about the other role. The role conflict put them in a bind. The inability to find a balance leads to the decision to give up one of the roles. This leads to worsening psychological problems, worsening financial burden, poor academic performance, dropping out of school, poor upbringing, and traumatization of adolescent student mothers and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of postpartum depression in teenage mothers is higher than that in adult mothers. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression, distress, and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) following childbirth and its resultant risk factors among teenage mothers. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 167 teenage women aged 11–19 years, 8-week after giving birth, in Tabriz, Iran. The data were collected using by socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist and Postpartum Distress Measure scale. Results. The study results revealed that 12.6% and 7.2% of the participants had postpartum depression and PTSD, respectively. The results showed that the variables of the number of children, dissatisfaction with marriage, and history of preconception depression were among the risk factors associated with postpartum depression. The results indicated that unwanted pregnancy, lack of spousal support, insufficient income, and infant restlessness variables were predictors of PTSD. Conclusion. Based on our findings, it is crucial to identify teenage mothers with predisposing factors for postpartum depression and PTSD. Providing family planning counseling to reduce unwanted pregnancies, training fathers to support their spouses, and ensuring timely referral of high-risk individuals are essential interventions to address the mental health challenges faced by teenage mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Patient or Public Contribution Adolescent parents are at an increased risk for loneliness and mental health challenges compared to childless peers. Nature‐based interventions are shown to promote social connectedness.To identify elements of a nature‐based intervention to reduce loneliness and foster nature connection among pregnant and parenting adolescents.Sequential exploratory mixed methods.In 2020 and 2021, we piloted the 8‐week MINT program at a school for pregnant and parenting teens. Our qualitative approach (n = 17) included online and in‐person group meetings with nature‐based educational content, discussion, park excursions, mindfulness activities, journaling and nature photography. Subsequently, we recruited 131 young mothers at a children's hospital for a cross‐sectional survey based on qualitative school findings.Qualitative results from the school‐based intervention showed a preference for meditative and contemplative activities and for spending time in nature with extended family. Participants typically accessed nature close to home. Our clinic‐based teen parent survey illustrated that participants' access to nature were most limited by lack of time (25% of responses), company (18%) and energy (28%). While participants showed a close nature connection (mean NR‐6 score = 3.9 (SD = 0.84)), they also showed moderate levels of loneliness (mean UCLA Loneliness score = 4.78 (SD = 1.60)). Walking, hiking and/or running were the most preferred nature activity.These findings provide key details to define nature‐based activities to address loneliness and psychological well‐being among teen mothers.Nature‐based health interventions can address loneliness and nature disconnection by building community resilience, improving provider and patient well‐being and motivating environmental stewardship.We identify key features of a nature‐based intervention for adolescent mothers. These findings support teen mothers in the US and abroad and may serve as a foundation for using nature‐based solutions for vulnerable mothers and for adolescents facing loneliness and mental health challenges.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unintended teenage pregnancies are associated with greater health and socio-economic risks for teenage mothers and newborns. In Kenya, the government has declared a target for ending teenage pregnancy by 2030. However, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy has only decreased slightly, demonstrating the need for further efforts. Understanding teenage mothers' own experiences and perspectives is necessary to design appropriate interventions. Methods: A community-based qualitative study was conducted from March to May 2023. Two focus group discussions were conducted with community health volunteers and the mothers of teenage girls. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on the case histories of 19 teenage mothers and 18 key informants. Thematic analysis was subsequently performed using MAXQDA 2022. Findings: Four major reasons emerged for unintended teenage pregnancies: (1) lack of knowledge or awareness about the human reproductive system, (2) lack of knowledge about family planning (FP), (3) financial challenges, and (4) low access to FP. At the study site, cultural norms and stereotypes, such as "infertility caused by FP," "freedom of sex by promoting FP," and "cultural taboos on having sex before marriage and talking about sexuality," were observed as barriers in promoting FP to teenagers. In addition, teenagers from low socio-economic backgrounds were found to be more vulnerable because they can be easily exploited by men who can afford to provide for some of their basic needs. Regarding the influences of unintended teenage pregnancy on teenage mothers' lives, the 19 cases were classified into four categories: (1) dropping out of school, (2) financial challenges, (3) changing relationships with parents, and (4) no major influence. Crucially, unintended teenage pregnancies negatively influenced most study participants. Continuing education, supportive parental attitudes, positive perceptions of the relationship with the child's father, and having future perspectives were identified as factors mitigating the negative influences. Conclusions: Strengthening culturally appropriate comprehensive sexuality education and the school re-entry policy with a supportive environment may prevent unintended teenage pregnancy and mitigate its negative influences. As financial challenges can be both a reason for and a negative influence of unintended teenage pregnancy, economic empowerment interventions are necessary. Plain English summary: Teenage girls becoming pregnant unexpectedly face higher health and socio-economic risks, which can affect both the lives of teenage mothers and newborns. In Kenya, the government has targeted ending teenage pregnancies by 2030, but the decrease has been limited. Although understanding teenage mothers' experiences and perspectives is important for designing appropriate interventions, only a few studies have been conducted. This study focused on 19 teenage mothers and other key participants to gain a deeper understanding of their backgrounds. Four major reasons were identified for unintended teenage pregnancies: (1) lack of knowledge or awareness about the human reproductive system, (2) lack of knowledge about birth control methods, (3) financial challenges, and (4) low access to birth control methods. At the study site, cultural norms and stereotypes were observed as barriers in promoting the use of birth control methods to teenagers. In addition, teenagers from poor backgrounds were found to be more vulnerable because they can be easily taken advantage of by men who can afford to provide for some of their basic needs. Regarding the influences of unintended teenage pregnancy on teenage mothers' lives, the 19 cases were classified into four categories: (1) dropping out of school, (2) financial challenges, (3) changing relationships with parents, and (4) no major influence. In this study, unintended teenage pregnancies negatively influenced most participants. Continuing education, supportive parental attitudes, positive perceptions of the relationship with the child's father, and having future perspectives were identified as factors mitigating the negative influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy complications are far more common in young women. This could inhibit their personal growth and development, take away them of their youth and education, and decline the general health of the country in the process. Focusing on this problem is an ideal matter. Education, family planning, raising community awareness, and teaching adolescents the importance of delaying marriage, reproductive health, and involvement of parents will surely help transform today's teenage girls into healthy, responsible adults who will bear a healthy future generation. The study emphasizes the lived experiences, challenges, coping mechanisms, and parent's role. Moreover, the study's findings which were based on the Thematic Analysis, were as follows: (1) Teenage Mothers have maternal adjustment difficulties, adolescent reproductive health knowledge gaps, and fear of negative evaluation. (2) Teenage Mothers struggles to discrimination, social rejection anxiety, parenting efficacy, academic disengagement, and financial stress. (3) Lastly, when talking about their coping techniques, Teenage Mothers found support system such as family functioning, where they feel positive, peer influence that uplifts them, maternal identity development through fellow teenage mothers, parent-infant attachment as a source of their motivation, and spiritual well-being where they offer, they overall life to God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome, a complication of preeclampsia/eclampsia, is associated with severe maternal morbidity and mortality. In resource-limited settings, such as Uganda, gaps in routine laboratory assessments may lead to underdetection of HELLP syndrome. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with HELLP syndrome among pregnant women with preeclampsia/eclampsia at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), southwestern Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the high-risk ward of the MRRH from December 2022 to June 2023. Pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia or eclampsia were enrolled consecutively. Participants' sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The diagnosis of complete HELLP syndrome was made based on the Tennessee classification: aspartate aminotransferase enzyme ≥ 70 IU/L, platelet counts < 100,000 cells/µL, and serum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme ≥ 600 IU/L. We used multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis to determine factors associated with HELLP syndrome. Results: A total of 129 participants with a mean age of 28 ± 6.6 years were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of HELLP syndrome was 18.6% (n = 24; 95% CI: 12.7–26.3%). Independent factors associated with HELLP syndrome were maternal age (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 4.96; 95% CI: 1.57–15.65; for mothers aged < 20 years compared to those aged 20–34 years), the presence of epigastric pain (aPR: 5.89; 95% CI: 1.41–14.63), and referral from other health facilities (aPR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.27–7.72). Conclusion: Approximately 2 of the 10 women who presented with preeclampsia or eclampsia had HELLP syndrome. It is more common among teenage mothers, those with a history of epigastric pain and those referred from lower health facilities. Incorporating routine laboratory testing for HELLP syndrome in the diagnostic protocol for preeclampsia or eclampsia, especially among adolescent mothers, those experiencing epigastric pain, and those referred from lower health facilities, could enhance timely detection and management of mothers with preeclampsia whose pregnancies are complicated by HELLP syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to provide a non-moralistic exploration and understanding of the high prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and resulting motherhood among low-income adolescent women in Greater Mendoza, Argentina. The study acknowledges that, based on official statistics, adolescent pregnancy remains a significant issue within this social group compared to teenagers from other socioeconomic backgrounds. By delving into the sexual and reproductive practices of these adolescents, the research seeks to uncover their life strategies within the context of their challenging living conditions, characterized by limited job opportunities and an inadequate, reactive educational system. Through in-depth interviews and focus groups, the study captures the lived experiences and perspectives of adolescent mothers themselves. Utilizing a sociological analysis of this empirical data, the research argues that in the face of extreme social exclusion, a lack of family support, and limited cultural capital, the concept of "class habitus " sheds light on and explains the adolescent practices that contribute to not avoid pregnancies, often influenced by traditional societal expectations of women's roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal anomalies among young women and adolescents pose major public health concerns. This systematic review aims to elucidate the relationship between young maternal age and the incidence of fetal abnormalities. According to the systematic review and meta-analysis PRISMA protocol, cohort, cross-sectional and case–control studies were scrutinized to include 80,393,450 participants across diverse regions. The meta-analysis utilized Odds Ratios (OR) as the effect measure, adopting a random-effects model. The screening process involved 157 selected and verified manuscripts, which ultimately resulted in the final inclusion of 20 studied in the meta-analysis. The criterion for young maternal age was the age of ≤ 20 years. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled OR of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.82–1.05, p = 0.252), indicating no statistically significant association between young maternal age (≤ 20 years) and fetal anomalies. However, considerable heterogeneity (I² = 96.21%) was noted, prompting the use of a random-effects model to derive the reported results. The meta-analysis did not find statistically significant differences in the occurrence of congenital anomalies in fetuses of younger women than in overall population. Although due to significant heterogeneity of the analyzed studies, and a risk of bias, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results, further investigation may be warranted to understand the relationship between maternal age and risk of fetal anomalies. Nevertheless, the study shows significant differences, which diminish in collective analysis, suggests that factors beyond age may be influential. Specifically, the limited access to or quality of healthcare in certain regions could be a more critical factor than maternal age itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childbearing poses several potential risks to maternal and child health. This paper empirically analyses the association between teenage pregnancy and child nutritional status, maternal and child anaemia in three countries (Nigeria, India and Bangladesh) that account for the highest proportion of teenage births and/or total number of malnourished teenage mothers and children. Data were sourced from nine waves of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Bangladesh, India, and Nigeria from 2005–2018, covering a sample of 27,705 children from Bangladesh, 266,308 children from India and 54,719 children from Nigeria. Our outcome measures of maternal and child nutrition include (i) a composite measure of anthropometric failure for children (CIAF), (ii) maternal anaemia, (iii) childhood anaemia, and (iv) anaemia in maternal–child pairs. Using multivariate regression analysis, we examine the associations between early childbirth, child nutrition, and maternal and child anaemia, controlling for an array of household‐level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Across all three countries, the prevalence of CIAF (childhood anthropometric failure) is significantly higher among children born to women aged below 17 at first birth. We further find that early pregnancy and childbearing are associated with significantly higher rates of severe/moderate anaemia among both mothers and children in Bangladesh and Nigeria. In the three countries studied, the proportions of teenage mothers with vulnerable socioeconomic status and suboptimal pre‐conception care are relatively high, which raises the risk of maternal and child morbidity as well as mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/BackgroundDesign/MethodsResultsConclusionYoung mothers have reported facing specific challenges such as stigmatisation and social isolation, which may be exaggerated by the increasing maternal age in industrialised countries. Despite these challenges, some young mothers have been shown to exhibit resilience and confidence during the transition to parenthood. Using strength-based psychological concepts, this study aimed to identify the facilitators of and barriers to the development of positive psychological states in young Australian mothers.Using semi-structured interview questions, 11 women who had given birth between 15 and 22 were asked to share their experiences of pregnancy, birth, and motherhood. Their responses were analysed using the Framework method; initially coding the data to a priori themes such as resilience and social support, and then to higher order themes.Five higher order themes were developed from participant responses: 1. Everything is about to change, 2. Disrespected and disempowered, 3. Resilience, 4. It takes a village, and 5. A hopeful future. Across these themes, participants described the mixed emotional experiences of pregnancy and birth, experiences of stigma from various sources, efforts to maintain mental wellbeing, reliance on support networks, and aspirations for themselves and their children.Findings from the current study highlight several key strategies for managing the challenges of early motherhood and promoting positive psychological states. Recommendations include fostering self-efficacy, supporting identity development, and establishing strong support networks across social and healthcare contexts. Recognizing and celebrating the strengths of young mothers is essential for effectively supporting them through the complex experience of motherhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Design Setting Population Methods Main Outcome Measures Results Conclusions Child marriage forces a girl into adult roles before physical and psychological maturity, which can take a toll on women's health over the life course. This article aims to assess whether child marriage and adolescent childbearing are associated with elevated risk of gynaecologic disorders leading to hysterectomy.Cross‐sectional and time‐to‐event analysis.India.528 816 ever‐married women, aged 20–49 years.Women were grouped in four mutually exclusive categories: (i) married adult—not an adolescent mother (reference category), (ii) married adult—adolescent mother, (iii) married child—not an adolescent mother and (iv) married child—adolescent mother. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to assess the odds of hysterectomy for these groups. Nonparametric Kaplan–Meier survivor functions were estimated to evaluate survival rates across the groups.Whether had a hysterectomy and age when hysterectomy was performed.Compared to women married as adults, not an adolescent mother, women married in childhood and gave birth in adolescence were 1.87 (95% CI: 1.78–1.96) times more likely to have a hysterectomy. The latter group also had the lowest survival probability for hysterectomy at all ages (e.g., 85.80% [95% CI: 85.41–86.18] at age 49 years as compared to 91.65% [95% CI: 91.37–91.89] for the former group). Women married as children but not adolescent mothers and married as an adult but gave birth in adolescence also had higher odds of hysterectomy—1.40 (95% CI: 1.31–1.50) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.40–1.66) times of that of the reference group, respectively.Our results, showing a strong relationship between child marriage and hysterectomy, contribute to the literature on later‐life health consequences of child marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of understanding of the persistence of elevated teen fertility rates in certain regions and countries, in contrast to the significant decline observed in other regions globally. This report considers fertility trends among 15‐ to 19‐year olds in the period 1950–2020 and explores potential driving factors behind the significant shifts that occurred over this period. The countries where teen fertility remains high are those with fast‐growing populations, primarily located in sub‐Saharan Africa. Countries with higher teen fertility are typically characterized by limited use of modern contraception, lower education levels, and early marriage. Sub‐Saharan Africa has emerged as the world region with the most teen births, increasing its proportion of global teen births from 12 percent in 1950 to 47 percent in 2020, a time during which this region's share of the global adolescent (15–19) population grew from 7.5 percent to 19 percent. By 2035, 67 percent of all teen births globally are projected to occur in this region. Consequently, the future number of births to teenage mothers will to a large extent depend on the development in sub‐Saharan Africa over the coming decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teenage pregnancy remains a prevalent concern, particularly among young females facing educational and economic disadvantages. This can be attributed to factors such as illiteracy, societal practices, and poverty encouraging girls to enter into sexual relationships at an early age. In Nigeria, more than 23% of females aged between 15-19 years are bearing children. In Nigeria, as in numerous other countries, there is a noticeable increase in teenage sexual activity. The case of underage girls, usually between the ages of thirteen to nineteen years, becoming pregnant is a serious problem that has eaten deep into the fabric of our societies, inhibiting growth in this contemporary period. This study focused on the menace of this act among the teenagers in our society, using a descriptive method to identify basic factors and their effects using primary data. Some of the root causes identified are poverty, peer pressure and media influence while the effects include school drop-out, inadequate care for the child born by teenage mother, health problems and a host of other vices. The study suggested adequate parental care, eradication of street hawking, and inculcation of moral values through religious bodies as ways of reducing teenage pregnancy in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent parenting often generates serious challenges for adolescents and their infants, including failure to gain education, homelessness, psychological distress, and poor developmental outcomes. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) are increasingly being used to help improve parenting, prevent chronic parenting stress, and break the cycle of dysfunctional parenting patterns and behaviors. Researchers have found that arts-based MBIs provide a fun and non-threatening way for young people to express themselves. Given our interests in arts-based mindfulness interventions, we conducted this scoping review to explore how mindfulness and arts-based methods have been studied with the adolescent parenting populations. To the best of our knowledge this is the first scoping review that explores MBIs and arts-based methods with adolescent mothers. The questions that guided our study were: (1) How have MBIs been studied with the adolescent parenting populations? (2) How have arts-based methods been studied with the adolescent parenting population? (3) What are the key findings from these studies? The search did not identify any articles that described the use of MBIs with the adolescent parenting population. However, we identified 10 articles in which authors described arts-based parenting interventions with adolescent mothers. Participants from these studies reported that engaging in arts-based activities enabled them to develop ways to positively interact with their children, resulting in greater attunement to their children. Benefits to psychological well-being included a reduction in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Arts-based methods are potentially helpful in enhancing the experiences of adolescent mothers in their day-to-day parenting and warrant further exploration. Given the benefits of MBIs with other parenting populations, more work should be done to explore the feasibility and potential benefits of MBIs with the adolescent parent populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global problem of teenage pregnancy affects health of the young mother as well as health of the baby to be born. Being both a medical and public health problem, teenage mothers as well as their children are considered as high-risk groups. Current research work is a community-based comparative study to understand the consequences of teenage pregnancy on the health, nutrition, and developmental milestones of the first-born children. Methods: Three parameters, namely, fetal outcome, birth weight of the baby, and child’s milestones of development, were chosen to analyze the effects of teenage pregnancy on the first-born child. Mothers in a rural district at Bhopal were interviewed and then classified into two groups based on their age – teenage and non-teenage mothers. Results: The child of teenage mothers had 16% less chances of having birth weight >2.5 kg in comparison to the child of non-teenage mothers. A significant statistical difference in the fetal outcome (teenage mothers vs non-teenage mothers) was observed with a P value of 0.0008. Live births were 80.77% (63) in teenage mothers against 97.44% (76) in non-teenage mothers, whereas a low birth weight (LBW) of

Teen mothers are more susceptible to the negative consequences of pregnancy, due to system-wide and socio-cultural barriers to accessing needed services, posing higher pregnancy complications and health risks to the babies and mothers. Understanding their lived experience can inform context-specific health programs and interventions that address their needs and improve the health outcomes. Twenty-three women who had delivered her first child before the age of 18 years were interviewed using semi-structured interview guide. The transcripts were coded, categorized and summarized into four major themes: 1) Many pregnant teen girls were disadvantaged by the system from accessing the healthcare services, 2) Although being judged, many found the health care services positive and important, 3) Faced financial difficulty in accessing health services, despite most medical services are covered by community based health insurance, 4) Health care services focuses mostly on the medical health of pregnancy, the social and psychological needs were mostly not available. The study highlighted the gap in providing mental health services, financial support to the teen mothers as part of a comprehensive health services. Some of them consulted health services for the first time with and did not return for follow up if perceived the services was bad. More sensitive and targeted materials and ANC services can be offered to this unique group of clients. More acceptance training to the health care providers and the public is needed. For health facilities, there is a need to also check their psychological wellbeing when seeking ANC services. Online or mobile phone-based mental health interventions may provide some solutions to the issue. Government should re-evaluate the health insurance system to avoid unintentional exclusion of this group of population. Policy to facilitate men to take responsibilities on teen pregnancy issue is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Integration of maternal mental health into primary health care is considered a strategy to improve access to mental health support in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Health care workers' (HCWs) and traditional practitioners' (traditional healers, herbalists, traditional birth attendants, spiritual healers, prophets, and community health volunteers) perceptions of the availability and management of adolescent mothers' maternal mental health care were explored in rural Malawi. Recognizing and identifying the barriers associated with access to maternal mental health support is essential to improving the mental health of adolescent mothers. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design (DQ) was used to explore HCWs' and traditional practitioners' perceptions of maternal mental health services for adolescent mothers. In-depth interviews were conducted with HCWs (n = 6), and three focus group discussions were conducted with 30 community-based traditional practitioners. Participants were purposefully recruited because they provide formal or informal health services to adolescent mothers during the postnatal period at Mitundu Rural Hospital and its catchment area in Lilongwe District, in Malawi. Interviews were analyzed using reflective thematic analysis and inductive thinking. Results: Thematic analysis found four themes to describe access to maternal mental health care for adolescent mothers. Participant perceptions were themed around health system challenges and how cultural background and beliefs influence access to mental health care and support. The themes were: (1) Inadequate staff development; (2) Limited resources (medication and infrastructure); (3) Limited policy and guidelines implementation; and (4) Cultural background and belief influence on help-seeking. HCWs suggested improving pre-service and in-service training to improve mental health assessment of mothers, while traditional practitioners wanted to increase their awareness of mental health issues. Conclusion: Participants emphasized that multifaceted factors influenced access to mental health support. These factors affect the assessment, treatment, and support of adolescent mothers and help-seeking by mothers. Therefore, strengthening the healthcare system and empowering providers with the knowledge and skills to recognize at-risk mothers and provide timely support is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Access to safe abortion care is highly unequal and fundamentally rooted in socioeconomic inequalities which are amplified by restrictive social norms and legal systems. We analyse these inequalities along the reproductive health continuum amongst adolescent girls in Zambia. Methodology: This paper draws from 20 focus group discussions conducted in 2021 with community members (young/adult) in five urban, peri urban, and rural sites in Zambia. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Adolescent pregnancy in the community was reported to be very common across the communities with girls from poorer families being disproportionately affected. Parents were reported to be complicit in facilitating their daughter's sexual-economic exchanges which emerged as a key driver of pregnancies. Young age and unmarried status meant adolescent girls could face triple stigma: stigma around accessing contraception to prevent a pregnancy, stigma in experiencing an unintended pregnancy and stigma around terminating an unintended pregnancy. There were clear socioeconomic differences in adolescent girl's exposure to community and health provider censure and/or acceptance of their pregnancy, and in their ability to conceal an abortion. Having the means to pay for health care allows some adolescents to seek terminations earlier and to access private health facilities while poorer adolescent girls face greater exposure to community censure through their embeddedness within the community. Abortions in this group attracts greater visibility through complications arising from their constrained choice for safe abortion methods. Stigmatising attitudes of community members also undermined adolescents' reproductive agency and mental health. For adolescents who choose to keep an unintended pregnancy, reintegration into school was highly challenging despite a national policy in place, with marriage being viewed as the only future option for poorer teenage mothers. Conclusion: The embeddedness of adolescent pregnancies within community structures of economic insecurity and gendered and age-related power relations highlight the importance of introducing community level approaches to tackle unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion. Understanding teenage pregnancy as a community issue creates opportunities for community level support to young girls especially when they return to school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent mothers face numerous challenges while breastfeeding. This study aimed to assess the breastfeeding needs of adolescent mothers. For this systematic review, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, SID and Magiran databases were searched. The initial search yielded 2,290 studies, of which 41 were included in this review. Adolescent mothers' breastfeeding requirements were grouped into 8 categories: (1) social support from healthcare providers, partners and families; (2) school support for breastfeeding mothers; (3) breastfeeding counselling based on cultural sensitivities; (4) educational assistance from health providers for adolescent mothers' families; (5) changing harmful cultural values and judgments about adolescent mothers' breastfeeding; (6) additional home or outpatient visits in the days following hospital discharge; (7) peer support and counselling; and (8) economic needs. To promote breastfeeding, policymakers and healthcare providers should devise specifically tailored programmes and interventions to cater to the specific requirements of adolescent mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy remains a contentious issue despite improvements in quality of life and increased access to sexual education. The average age of first pregnancy has shifted due to financial instability among young people, leading to delayed pregnancies until financial stability is achieved. Teenage mothers face social stigma, and early sexual initiation not only increases the risk of pregnancy but also sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Often, adolescent pregnancies are unwanted, resulting in delayed medical consultation due to fear or ignorance. Aim of the Study: This study aims to investigate the medical and social implications of adolescent pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of early sexual education and comprehensive healthcare support. Description of the State of Knowledge: Adolescent pregnancy, defined as pregnancy between ages 10 and 19, is a global concern with millions of cases annually. It poses significant health risks, including premature birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Socially, it affects educational attainment and financial stability, with adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds facing greater challenges. Early sexual initiation and risky sexual behaviors further compound the issue, increasing the risk of STIs. Lack of comprehensive sexual education exacerbates these risks, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary support from healthcare professionals. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy requires a holistic approach encompassing medical, social, and legal dimensions. Effective sexual education programs, involving gynecologists, pediatricians, and educators, are essential for prevention. Legal frameworks must protect adolescents and address issues of consent and sexual health. Additionally, access to comprehensive healthcare services, including prenatal care and contraception, is crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of adolescent pregnancy on both individuals and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: While a few studies have examined barriers to school re-entry among adolescent mothers, studies focusing on the experiences of girls in low-income informal settlements are scarce. We examined the factors that hindered parenting girls living in a resource-constrained urban setting from re-enrolling in school. Study setting: We conducted the study in Korogocho, a low-income urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: Barriers to school re-entry were documented through inductive thematic analysis of 32 in-depth interviews with pregnant and parenting adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years (N = 22), parents/guardians (N = 10), and 10 key informant interviews with teachers (N = 4), and community leaders (N = 6). Results: Interviewed girls blamed their being out of school on their childcare responsibilities, poverty, stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes from students and teachers, and withdrawal of parental support. While parents, teachers, and community leaders agreed that poverty and lack of childcare support hindered parenting girls from returning to school, they contended that robust support systems encompassing childcare and financial support, and less hostile school environments constituted facilitators of school re-entry among parenting adolescents. Conclusion: While the 2020 National Guidelines for School Re-entry in Kenya seek to deter the exclusion of adolescent mothers from education thereby ensuring retention, transition and completion at all basic education levels, the findings underscore the need for programs that ensure that pregnant and parenting adolescents have the requisite financial, material, and childcare support to facilitate their retention or re-enrollment in school in line with the Guidelines. School administrators and the Ministry of Education should develop and implement interventions that make the school environment less hostile for parenting girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for positive pregnancy outcomes, but it is underutilised in Nigeria, suggesting unmet needs, and potentially contributing to the country's high burden of maternal and neonatal mortalities. This study comprehensively assesses ANC utilisation and receipt of its components in Nigeria, focusing on disparities between rural and urban areas. Methods: We used the data disaggregation approach to analyse the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018. We estimated ANC utilisation, assessed the receipt of ANC components, and identified factors associated with eight or more (≥ 8) ANC contacts nationally and across rural and urban residences. Results: Nationwide, only 20.3% of women had ≥ 8 ANC contacts, with a significant disparity (P < 0.001) between urban (35.5%) and rural (10.4%) areas in Nigeria. The North-East region had the lowest ANC utilisation nationally (3.7%) and in urban areas (3.0%), while the North-West had the lowest in rural areas (2.7%). Nationally, 69% of mothers received iron supplements, 70% had tetanus injections, and 16% received medicines for intestinal parasites, with urban residents having higher proportions across all ANC components. Maternal and husband education, health insurance, and maternal autonomy were associated with increased ANC odds at the national, rural, and urban residences. However, differences exist, with all ethnicities having higher ANC odds than the Hausa/Fulanis in urban areas and the Yorubas demonstrating greater odds than other ethnicities in rural settings. Internet use was significant only in the national context, watching television only in urban settings, while maternal working status, wealth, birth type, religion, and radio listenership were significant in rural areas. Conclusion: Our study reveals significant disparities in ANC utilisation and components across Nigeria, with rural residents, particularly in northern regions, as well as socioeconomically disadvantaged and teenage mothers facing notable challenges. A multifaceted approach prioritising the interplay of intersectional factors like geography, socioeconomic status, education, religion, ethnicity, and gender dynamics is essential. Key strategies should include targeted interventions to promote educational opportunities, expand health insurance coverage, leverage internet and context-specific media, and foster socioeconomic empowerment, with priority for underserved populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early or teenage pregnancy is a worldwide phenomenon, considered both a social problem and a public health issue. This study analyzes the risk factors and consequences for the social development of young mothers based on a bibliographical review of research studies. A bibliographical search was conducted for studies published in Scopus and Dialnet between 2015 and 2022 that deal with the social aspects of teenage pregnancy rather than exclusively health-related issues. Two hundred twenty-seven articles were identified, and after a second review, 113 articles were selected. While rates of teenage pregnancy display divergences between geographic regions, the studies reveal common risk factors and consequences. Reproductive health programs should consider the problem from an intersectional perspective and, rather than relying exclusively on health-related policies, preventing early pregnancy requires comprehensive policies that incorporate cultural factors and seek out the underlying structural causes of inequality and poverty. This research is based on the results of the study Analysis of Teenage Pregnancy from a Human Rights and Gender-based Perspective in El Salvador and Spain, undertaken by the Medicus Mundi in collaboration with the El Salvador Intersectoral Alliance for Teenagers and Young Adults and the Ministry of Health of El Salvador. Plain language summary: Risk and consequences of Early Pregnancy This study analyses the risk factors and consequences for the social development of young mothers based on a review of research studies. To do so, a review of studies published in Scopus and Dialnet between 2015 and 2022 was conducted. A total of 227 articles were identified and, after a second review, 113 articles were selected. There are differences in teenage pregnancy rates between geographic regions. However, there are common risk factors and consequences. Reproductive health programmes need to consider the problem from an intersectional perspective and not just as a health problem. Preventing early pregnancy requires policies that incorporate cultural factors and address the structural causes of inequality and poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This sub-study within the JAKIDS longitudinal cohort study compares medical and psychosocial outcomes of pregnancy in younger adolescent mothers (<16 years), older adolescent mothers (16–19 years) and adult mothers (>19 years) in Jamaica. Participants were recruited from July to September 2011 and included 9521 mother–infant dyads; mean maternal age 26.0 years (SD 6.8). Adolescent mothers represented 19.1% (n = 1822) of the sample – 1704 older adolescent mothers (17.9%) and 118 younger adolescent mothers (1.2%). Participants completed interviewer-administered questionnaires regarding their sexual and reproductive health history, feelings about the current pregnancy, and presence of anxious and depressive symptoms. Data on delivery and perinatal and neonatal outcomes were extracted from hospital charts. Younger adolescent mothers were more likely to deliver preterm (p < 0.001) and low birth weight infants (p < 0.001) than older adolescent and adult mothers. Younger adolescent mothers had lower levels of antenatal anxiety regarding the pregnancy and its outcome (p < 0.001) while prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms antenatally (EPDS ≥11) was similar across age groups. Older adolescent mothers with significant depressive symptoms had increased odds of preterm delivery. These findings call for close antenatal monitoring of younger adolescent mothers and highlight the need for psychological services for all mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study examined whether teen mothers' adaptive cultural characteristics (i.e., familism values, language competency pressures, and involvement in Mexican culture and U.S. mainstream culture) when children were 3 years old (i.e., Wave 4; W4) informed mothers' Spanish language use with their children when children were 4 years old (W5) and, in turn, children's subsequent Spanish receptive vocabulary when children were 5 years old (W6). Method: The present study included 204 Mexican-origin children (58% male) and their mothers who entered parenthood during adolescence (M = 16.24, SD =.99 at W1). Results: Five mediational processes were significant, such that mothers' higher familism values (i.e., emphasizing family support and obligations), Spanish competency pressure (i.e., stress associated with Spanish language competency), and involvement in U.S. mainstream culture at W4 were associated with mothers' lower Spanish language use with children at W5 and, in turn, children's lower levels of Spanish receptive vocabulary at W6. Mothers' greater involvement in Mexican culture and English competency pressure (i.e., stress associated with English language competency) at W4 were associated with mothers' greater Spanish language use with children at W5 and, in turn, children's greater Spanish receptive vocabulary at W6. Additionally, mothers' greater involvement in U.S. mainstream culture at W4 was directly associated with children's lower Spanish language abilities at W6. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of the family context in Mexican-origin children's Spanish language skills over time. Public Significance Statement: The parenting context plays an important role in children's language development. This idea was supported by the results of this study, in which aspects of mothers' culture and mothers' use of Spanish were associated with their children's Spanish receptive vocabulary at age 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This secondary analysis used cross-sectional baseline data from a previous longitudinal study exploring the mental health of 303 postpartum adolescents to examine associations and predictors reflecting the perception of the birth experience among three race–ethnic groups. Analysis of two key variables, partner violence and loss of control (LOC) during labor, revealed no association. Race–ethnic differences were noted for demographic variables (marital status, birth mode, and stress level) and perception of the birth experience. Black ethnicity, multiparity, LOC, and vaginal birth were found to predict a negative perception of the birth experience. Health-care provider awareness of risk factors can guide perinatal assessments and supportive and educational interventions to promote a positive perception of birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates trends and prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among out-of-wedlock adolescent mothers and their likelihood of being IPV victims later in a marriage. We address possible selection bias using a propensity score matching technique. The study uses the Kenyan DHS and finds that the prevalence of IPV (a composite measure of emotional, physical, and sexual violence) was 43%, but 28%, 12%, 34%, and 13% for emotional, severe physical, less-severe physical, and sexual IPV, respectively. Overall, out-of-wedlock adolescent mothers are associated with approximately 14% higher likelihood of IPV later in marriage than non-adolescent mothers. Policy and intervention plans for out-of-wedlock adolescent motherhood are clear strategies for abating IPV. This could be addressed by advocating for improved human capital among girls, laws to combat domestic violence and rape, and managing cultural practices like acceptance of "wife-beating." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to mental health and postpartum, postpartum blues and depression are common disorders that affect mothers and their infants. This study aimed to compare and investigate the maternal perception of early adult and teen mothers experiencing postpartum blues and depression. A descriptive research design was utilized in this paper. Through purposive sampling, a total of 40 selected teen and adult mothers from Brgy. Sarmiento, Parang, Maguindanao del Norte, were respondents to the study. Modified Postpartum bonding questionnaire (PBQ) from Brekington et al (2001) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) from Cox et al (1987) were used as tools to determine the maternal views of teen and early adult mothers on the postpartum blues and depression. Results revealed that the maternal perception of teen mothers on the postpartum bonding with their babies have an overall mean of 2.9 which denoted quite often that they have good postpartum bonding with their babies whereas, the adult mothers have a mean of 3.5 denotes very often which indicated that they have very positive postpartum bonding behavior with their babies yet both groups experienced postpartum blues. Moreover, there was a quite significant difference between the two groups of mothers (t = 2.0134, df = 46, p-value = 1.679 < 0.05). This means that early adult mothers have higher positive postpartum bonding behavior with their babies compared to teenage mothers. It also showed that the majority (70%) of the teen mothers experience depression whereas 30% of them are on suicidal thoughts. Contrarily, 50% of the early adult mothers did not experience depression and suicidal thoughts. Whereas, 30% of them have depression and 20% of them are on suicidal thoughts. The study concludes that early adult mothers have higher positive postpartum bonding behavior with their infants than teen mothers. Along with this, the majority of the teen mother experienced postpartum depression whereas most early adult mothers were less likely to experience depression and suicidal thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa the birth rate among teenage mothers is the highest in the world. In 2021, there would be 6,114,000 births for 15-19-yearolds in this part of the world. In Cameroon, the fertility rate among adolescents aged 15-19 is 24%. However, there is a significant lack of data on the mental health of teenage mothers. Given the biopsychosocial conditions of the perinatal period and adolescence, we hypothesise that the prevalence of mental disorders and the risk of suicide is very high in Cameroon. The aim is therefore to determine the prevalence of perinatal mental disorders and suicide risk among adolescent mothers in urban areas of Cameroon. Methods: Following ethical approval of the submitted protocol, we recruited adolescent mothers and data were collected using diagnostic interviews based on the DSM-5, PDM-2 andMINI guidelines. The types of sampling usedwere typical and incidental. Data were tabulated with Epidata 3.1 and processed with SPSS 25. Results: 66.4% of adolescent mothers were diagnosed with a mental disorder and 27.4% with suicidal risk. It was found that there was a link between mental disorders and suicidal risk (p<0.001), with mothers at suicidal risk having an 8.4 times greater risk of having a mental disorder (OR=8.423). Linear regression confirmed the statistically significant relationship between perinatal mental disorders and suicidal risk. 31.1% of the total variance in suicidal risk was explained by mental disorders. The regression coefficients for mental disorders with a p<0.05 value is: perinatal depression (-0.279), post-partum psychosis (-0.133), trauma disorder (-0.034), generalised anxiety disorder (-0.008) and conduct disorder (-0.020). Conclusions: Our hypothesis is confirmed, because the prevalence of 66.4% of mental disorders and 27.4% of suicidal risk are significantly high in Cameroon. In some way, the disorders predict suicidal risk, because the less an adolescent mother has one of these pathologies during the perinatal period, the less she will be at risk of suicide. More research of this kind is needed to contribute in providing more data, including solutions to address the morbidity and mortality problems associated with the mental health of teenage mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a global public health challenge, and it is a major contributor to the high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reported in sub‐Saharan Africa and Uganda. However, there is a paucity of data regarding pregnancy outcomes and their associated factors among teenagers in Uganda. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pregnancy outcomes among teenagers who delivered at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted among teenage mothers who delivered at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Consecutive participant recruitment was done for those who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The outcomes of interest included adverse maternal outcome with obstructed labor being used as a proxy and adverse fetal outcomes with birth asphyxia used as a proxy. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between independent and dependent variables with a 5% level of statistical significance (α = 0.05). Results: Teenage pregnancy was associated with adverse maternal outcomes which included obstructed labor (18%) and preterm labor (5.5%). There were no maternal deaths during the study period. Adverse fetal outcomes observed in this study population included low birth weight (83%), birth asphyxia (18%), and stillbirth (4%). The only factor associated with adverse maternal outcome was gestational age where teenage mothers had 4 times likelihood of delivering before 37 weeks. Relatedly, teenage mothers had an 81% chance of having a preterm birth. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy was generally not associated with adverse maternal or fetal outcomes except for preterm birth. The reasons for adverse pregnancy outcomes may reflect a combination of gynecological and biological immaturity, as well as adverse socioeconomic pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have linked adolescent motherhood to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, yet the sex-specific effect and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: This study included 6952 children aged 9–11 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The exposed group consisted of children of mothers < 20 years at the time of birth, while the unexposed group was composed of children of mothers aged 20–35 at birth. We employed a generalized linear mixed model to investigate the associations of adolescent motherhood with cognitive, behavioral, and autistic-like traits in offspring. We applied an inverse-probability-weighted marginal structural model to examine the potential mediating factors including adverse perinatal outcomes, family conflict, and brain structure alterations. Results: Our results revealed that children of adolescent mothers had significantly lower cognitive scores (β, − 2.11, 95% CI, − 2.90 to − 1.31), increased externalizing problems in male offspring (mean ratio, 1.28, 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.52), and elevated internalizing problems (mean ratio, 1.14, 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.33) and autistic-like traits (mean ratio, 1.22, 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.47) in female. A stressful family environment mediated ~ 70% of the association with internalizing problems in females, ~ 30% with autistic-like traits in females, and ~ 20% with externalizing problems in males. Despite observable brain morphometric changes related to adolescent motherhood, these did not act as mediating factors in our analysis, after adjusting for family environment. No elevated rate of adverse perinatal outcomes was observed in the offspring of adolescent mothers in this study. Conclusions: Our results reveal distinct sex-specific neurodevelopmental outcomes impacts of being born to adolescent mothers, with a substantial mediating effect of family environment on behavioral outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of developing sex-tailored interventions and support the hypothesis that family environment significantly impacts the neurodevelopmental consequences of adolescent motherhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family systems theory recognizes the complex interconnected subsystems within families, yet little is known about how multigenerational coparenting affects coparenting and caregiving outcomes within adolescent parent families. The current study estimated auto-regressive cross-lag models to evaluate the interrelation between mother-father and parent-grandparent coparenting subsystems and caregiver involvement using reports of coparenting conflict and caregiver involvement from 280 adolescent parents (Mage = 17.02, SD = 1.42; 83.6% Latine; 69.6% women) at two time-points, collected nine-months apart. Results showed stability in coparenting conflict and caregiver involvement among mother-father and parent-grandparent dyads and one intergenerational cross-lag effect. Grandmother involvement at time 1 (T1) was negatively linked to parent-grandparent coparenting conflict at time 2 (T2). Gender differences also emerged, such that (1) father's report of mother involvement at T1 was positively associated with mother-father coparenting conflict at T2; (2) father's report of mother involvement at T1 was negatively associated with father's report of grandmother involvement at T2; and (3) father's report of parent-grandparent coparenting conflict at T1 was negatively associated with father's report of mother involvement at T2. Findings underscore connections between intergenerational coparenting subsystems and suggest gender differences in sensitivity, malleability, and the influence of the coparenting dyad on coparenting conflict and caregiver involvement. Further research on adolescent coparenting and caregiving dynamics across coparenting subsystems is needed to strengthen interventions aimed at serving young mothers and fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global problem of teenage pregnancy affects health of the young mother as well as health of the baby to be born. Being both a medical and public health problem, teenage mothers as well as their children are considered as high‑risk groups. Current research work is a community‑based comparative study to understand the consequences of teenage pregnancy on the health, nutrition, and developmental milestones of the first‑born children. Methods: Three parameters, namely, fetal outcome, birth weight of the baby, and child’s milestones of development, were chosen to analyze the effects of teenage pregnancy on the first‑born child. Mothers in a rural district at Bhopal were interviewed and then classified into two groups based on their age – teenage and non‑teenage mothers. Results: The child of teenage mothers had 16% less chances of having birth weight >2.5 kg in comparison to the child of non‑teenage mothers. A significant statistical difference in the fetal outcome (teenage mothers vs non‑teenage mothers) was observed with a P value of 0.0008. Live births were 80.77% (63) in teenage mothers against 97.44% (76) in non‑teenage mothers, whereas a low birth weight (LBW) of <1.5 kg was 5.35 times more in the teenage group. Conclusion: First‑born children of non‑teenage mothers were found to be healthier compared to those of the teenage mothers; teenage pregnancy has adverse effects on the health, nutrition, and development of the first‑born children and may lead to problems such as still births, LBW, and pre‑mature child birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether delaying motherhood beyond the teenage years benefits children. We account for selection into teenage motherhood in two parallel ways: We compare children with their cousins and we exploit miscarriages as a natural experiment that induces some women to postpone childbirth. Across the two strategies, we find no or limited effects of teenage motherhood on children's health and educational outcomes. When we use women delaying motherhood to their early twenties as a counterfactual for teenage mothers, we show suggestive evidence that the effects of such delays are nil across outcomes for both strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some studies have shown differences in parenting practices between teenage and emerging adult mothers; however, not all research has found this to be the case. This study aims to examine differences in perceptions of parenting roles between teenage and emerging adult mothers. Perceptions of parenting roles are associated with parenting practices and encompass four dimensions: parenting competence, parenting satisfaction, parenting investment, and integration/role balance. This research is a non-experimental study using a between-subjects design. A total of 86 teenage mothers (15–19 years old) and 86 emerging adult mothers (20–23 years old) participated in the study. Parenting self-perception was measured using the Self-Perception of Parenting Role (SPPR), and the data were analyzed using a t-test. The results indicated significant differences in parenting self-perception between teenage and emerging adult mothers in the areas of parenting competence, parenting satisfaction, and integration/role balance. Emerging adult mothers demonstrated higher competence, greater satisfaction, and a better ability to integrate the various roles they undertake. In contrast, no significant differences were found between the two groups in parenting investment. These findings support Law Number 16 Year 2019, which permits marriage for men and women aged 19 years and older.

The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed methods study was to examine parenting outcomes and experiences over time among marginalized adolescent mothers enrolled in randomized clinical trials (RCT) between 2002 and 2016 testing Minding the Baby® (MTB), an early home visiting program. The quantitative phase examined associations between measures of maternal experiences and parenting outcomes from 71 participants 2–8 years since RCT completion. MTB mothers reported less hostile parenting and fewer child behavior problems. The sequential qualitative phase involved interviews with a subsample (n = 31) and revealed six themes about their personal and parenting maturation. Through integration of quantitative and qualitative data, we generated metainferences, revealing a nuanced understanding of participants' experiences. Integrated findings revealed the complex personal and parenting experiences among former adolescent mothers during their developmental phases of emerging and early adulthood. Findings inform clinical and research approaches to promote personal growth and positive parenting outcomes over time among women who began childbearing in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, depression is a leading cause of disease-related disability among women. In low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), the prevalence rate of antepartum depression is estimated to range between 15% and 57% and even higher in adolescent antepartum women. Although a number of studies have shown that depression is common in adolescent pregnancies and has a prevalence rate between 28% and 67% among adolescent mothers, there currently exists no literature on depression among adolescent pregnant women in Ghana. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of antepartum depression and identify the factors associated with it among pregnant adolescent women. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was adopted by randomly recruiting 220 adolescent pregnant women visiting antenatal clinics in five selected health facilities in five communities in the Assin North District of Ghana. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data analysis was performed using Stata version 14. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. A chi-square analysis was conducted to identify the association between independent and dependent variables. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the independent variables that were significantly associated with the dependent variable. In all analyses, p-values ≤ 0.05 were deemed statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The results indicated prevalence of depression was 38.6% using the EPDS cut-off ≥ 13. Respondents who were cohabiting were less likely to experiencing antepartum depression compared to those who were single (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.20–0.64, p = 0.001). Also, Respondents who had completed Junior High School had a lower likelihood of experiencing antepartum depression compared to those who had no formal education (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.76, p = 0.019). Respondents who perceived pregnancy-related items to be costly had higher odds of experiencing antepartum depression (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.02–4.12, p = 0.042). Lastly, adolescent pregnant women who reported that pregnancy-related items are costly were likely to experience antepartum depression compared to those who did not report such costs (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.20–3.75, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the importance of a multi-pronged strategy for combating antepartum depression in adolescents and improving the overall health and well-being of pregnant adolescents. Considering that adolescence is a transitional period occasioned by several bio-psycho-social challenges, setting up systems to ensure that young girls are motivated and supported to stay in school will enhance their economic prospects and improve their standards of life while providing psycho-social support will benefit their health and general well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore Filipino young people's lived experiences of parenthood. We employed narrative analysis of 27 photo elicitation and semi-structured interviews with 10 Filipino adolescent mothers (aged 15–19) and five young fathers (aged 18–24). We found that young parents developed constructions of 'good' mothers and fathers, invoking discourses of responsibility, sacrifice, and 'intergenerational repair' as they transitioned into their new 'adult' roles. Learning to deal with judgement and criticism was an inescapable part of navigating the realities of parenthood. However, they pushed back against these through discourses of redemption and aligning themselves with their constructions of good parents. Through discourses of 'making it work', young parents managed evolving relationships amid challenging circumstances. In looking to the future, they employed discourses of restoration, transformation, and hope, discovering joy and a sense of purpose in fulfilling their adult roles while remaining cognisant of their youth. Programmes and policies aimed at helping young Filipino parents achieve better health and wellbeing outcomes would benefit from considering their circumstances and responding to their specific needs for non-judgmental youth-friendly healthcare, unimpeded access to sexual and reproductive health resources, and supportive home, school, and community environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teenage pregnancy is one of the prevailing social problems of our societies in this contemporary period. The term in everyday speech usually refers to young girls who have not reached legal adulthood becoming pregnant. The study assessed the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in rural communities of Uruan Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Objectively, the study investigated the relationship between family status and teenage pregnancy specifically as it relates to parental background in the study area. The study also investigated the general causes, effects and the way out of this social menace in our societies. The study selected 5 medical centres and 100 respondents for the study. The study which was conducted in Uruan Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State employed the social control theory as the theoretical framework and the findings thematically analysed and identified family status like literacy level of the parent, income, poverty, media and peer as the primary influence of teenage pregnancy while the effects include: school drop-out, inadequate care for the child born by teenage mothers, health problems, poverty cycle deviance and a host of other vices. The study suggested adequate parental care, eradication of street hawking and inculcation of moral values through religious bodies, improved incentives to boost the socio-economic status of families and rural development as ways of reducing teenage pregnancy in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preconception health provides an opportunity to examine a woman's health status and address modifiable risk factors that can impact both a woman's and her child's health once pregnant. In this review, we aimed to investigate the preconception risk factors and interventions of early pregnancy and its impact on adverse maternal, perinatal and child health outcomes. Methods: We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to include relevant literature identified from electronic databases. We included reviews that studied preconception risk factors and interventions among adolescents and young adults, and their impact on maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes. All identified studies were screened for eligibility, followed by data extraction, and descriptive and thematic analysis. Findings: We identified a total of 10 reviews. The findings suggest an increase in odds of maternal anaemia and maternal deaths among young mothers (up to 17 years) and low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, stillbirths, and neonatal and perinatal mortality among babies born to mothers up to 17 years compared to those aged 19–25 years in high-income countries. It also suggested an increase in the odds of congenital anomalies among children born to mothers aged 20–24 years. Furthermore, cancer treatment during childhood or young adulthood was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, LBW, and stillbirths. Interventions such as youth-friendly family planning services showed a significant decrease in abortion rates. Micronutrient supplementation contributed to reducing anaemia among adolescent mothers; however, human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) vaccination had little to no impact on stillbirths, ectopic pregnancies, and congenital anomalies. However, one review reported an increased risk of miscarriages among young adults associated with these vaccinations. Conclusion: The scoping review identified a scarcity of evidence on preconception risk factors and interventions among adolescents and young adults. This underscores the crucial need for additional research on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic brought to the fore the everyday and exceptional challenges for mothers. Rarely, however, did research or social commentary acknowledge the multiplicities of motherhood during this prolonged period of risk, disruption, and uncertainty. This paper draws upon interviews with 24 mothers living in Aotearoa New Zealand during the pandemic, including women who were pregnant and gave birth during lockdowns, teenage mothers, single and low-income mothers, and working mothers. The sample was intentionally diverse, including M?aori, Pacific, Asian and migrant mothers. Engaging an intersectional lens on motherhood and women's health, this paper builds upon and extends feminist research on mothers' experiences during the pandemic, highlighting the many different challenges facing mothers of diverse social, cultural, and economic positionalities and during various stages of motherhood. Across the sample, we reveal the significant emotional toll on mothers, particularly with the absence of critical social, medical and health support systems during lockdown periods and sustained social restrictions. Many of the women described how the pandemic affected their feelings about motherhood, prompting newreflections on their relationships with the home, family, work, and broader society. Despite some similarities, the pandemic experiences of M?aori, Pacific, migrant and single mothers were further intensified by various forms of isolation, judgement, and discrimination. In this way, the pandemic shed light on the gendering of everydaymaternal life, but also the need formore intersectional culturally and gender-responsive policies that acknowledge the multi-layered complexities of mothers' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malawi has one of the highest under-five mortality rates in Sub Sahara Africa. Understanding the factors that contribute to child mortality in Malawi is crucial for the development and implementation of effective interventions to reduce child mortality. The aim of this study is to use survival analysis in modeling time to death for under-five children in Malawi. In turn, identify potential risk factors for child mortality and inform the development of interventions to reduce child mortality in the country. Method: This study used data from all births that occurred in the five years leading up to the 2015/16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. The Frailty hazard model was applied to predict infant survival in Malawi. In this analysis, the outcome of interest was death and it had two possible outcomes: "dead" or "alive". Age at death was regarded as the survival time variable. Infants who were still alive at the time of the study as of the day of the interview were considered as censored observations in the analysis. Results: A total of 17,286 live births born during the 5 years preceding the survey were analysed. The study found that the risk of death was higher among children born to mothers aged 30–39 and 40 or older compared to teen mothers. Infants whose mothers attended fewer than four antenatal care visits were also found to be at a higher risk of death. On the other hand, the study found that using mosquito nets and early breastfeeding were associated with a lower risk of death, as were being male and coming from a wealthier household. Conclusion: The study reveals a notable decline in infant mortality rates as under-five children age, underscoring the challenge of ensuring newborn survival. Factors such as maternal age, birth order, socioeconomic status, mosquito net usage, early breastfeeding initiation, geographic location, and child's sex are key predictors of under-five mortality. To address this, public health strategies should prioritize interventions targeting these predictors to reduce under-five mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding brings about a positive impact on both child and maternal health in the short and long terms. However, adolescent mothers have a lower breastfeeding initiation rate and a shorter breastfeeding duration than adult mothers. Although mobile applications have been found to be the most widely used platform for breastfeeding support, there is still a lack of design specific for adolescents. Aim: To explore the experiences, perspectives and needs of adolescent mothers and professional nurses using smartphone applications for breastfeeding support and the influence of this technology on healthcare in Thailand. Methods: This formative qualitative research of the 'Development of smartphone application for promoting breastfeeding and learning of infant responsiveness for Thai teenage pregnant women' study intends to design a smartphone application and develop an implementation plan. A purposive sample was used to elicit experiences from adolescent mothers and nurses. Data were collected from 48 adolescent mothers through in-depth interviews with six focus group discussions and 12 nurses, following the data saturation principle. Thematic analysis was conducted, and potential factors and needs were mapped to the capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behaviour change (COM-B). Results: Most adolescent mothers perceived the usefulness of smartphone apps as breastfeeding support resources. The qualitative findings of adolescent mothers were grouped into the following three themes: a friendly breastfeeding tool; allows them to manage their breastfeeding activities; and enhances the accessibility and equality of breastfeeding support. The professional nurses perceived the benefits of using smartphone applications in their work, which included the following three themes: reducing workload and making their work easier; preparation is always better; and increasing the standards of breastfeeding support. Conclusion: Adolescent mothers and professional nurses showed favourable attitudes toward smartphone apps for breastfeeding support. These smartphone apps should be tailored to these groups to achieve optimal BF outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communities may often lack the resources to deliver intensive programs to assist teen mothers, and many eligible adolescents may decline participation in lengthy interventions. Therefore, alternative approaches involving less resource and time may be needed. Behavioral economics (BE) can inform the development of such novel interventions. BE often feature low-intensity approaches designed to "nudge" people to help them reach their long-term goals. Nudges can include giving reminders, making the desired behavior more convenient, and optimizing the verbal presentation of recommended options. Three hundred thirty-one American adolescents (ages 14 to 19) who were 22 to 35 weeks pregnant were enrolled in the present trial. One hundred sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to the intervention condition featuring a three-month BE intervention delivered by a registered nurse and social worker. The remaining 165 youths were assigned usual care. Surveys were completed at baseline, 3 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Data collection occurred from 2017 to 2021. Qualitative feedback indicated that the BE intervention was well-received by adolescents. However, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups at any time point regarding repeat pregnancy, contraceptive usage, financial literacy, school completion, job attainment, HPV vaccinations, nicotine usage, perception of having a medical home, urgent care/ED usage, and nutritional intake (all p >.05). Our findings suggest that a BE-based intervention may not be sufficient to facilitate change for teen mothers. Future programs should consider lasting longer, featuring a higher dose, and/or incorporating systems-level changes. This trial was prospectively registered (NCT03194672 clinicaltrials.gov). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Social isolation and stigma contribute to poor mental health outcomes. Adolescent mothers in Zimbabwe often experience isolation and stigma, lacking social support and resources to navigate motherhood. The study tested the effectiveness of a community-based peer support intervention to mitigate social isolation and stigma of adolescent motherhood in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods: Community health workers (n = 12) and peer educators (n = 12) in the intervention arm were recruited and trained on co-facilitating peer support groups. Adolescent mothers aged 15–18 years from two low-income high-density communities in Harare were recruited, using a quasi-experimental design. The intervention arm (n = 104) participated in the peer support groups and both arms completed sociodemographic, base-, mid-, and end-line surveys (control arm n = 79). Peer support groups (12 groups with 6–12 participants in each) met in-person twice a month and completed 12 sessions from May to August 2019 addressing participant-identified topics such as income generation and depression. WhatsApp Messenger was used for training and implementation support. Key community stakeholders discussed project progress and recommendations to improve adolescent mothers' health. Data were analyzed using Stata 15. Results: The intervention arm reported lower depressive symptoms and common mental disorders and higher overall, family, friends, and significant-other support, compared to control. The intervention arm felt more engaged with peers, knew who and where to turn to for help, and had coping, parenting and communication strategies to manage life challenges. Conclusions for Practice: The intervention mitigated social isolation and stigma and thereby improved mental health and social support among adolescent mothers in Harare. Trial Registration This trial is registered at Clinical Trials.gov, NCT05213182 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05213182. Significance: What is already known on this subject? Social isolation and stigma contribute to poor mental health outcomes. Adolescent mothers often experience isolation and stigma, lacking social support and resources to navigate motherhood. There is a need for interventions that identify and address the unique needs of adolescent mothers. What this study adds? A community-based peer-support intervention can mitigate social isolation and stigma and thereby improve mental health and social support of adolescent mothers. WhatsApp Messenger is a potential intervention tool for providing training and implementation support, and enhancing communication between peer support group facilitators and participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a pregnancy in a woman within 10-19 years of age groups. It results from a number of factors such as early age at marriage, illiteracy, poverty, premarital sex, lack of awareness, and access to contraception. Teenage pregnancy imposes serious social and medical implications relating to both maternal and child health. It is a worldwide public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted in a rural hospital of North 24 Parganas in West Bengal. The primary objective was to compare different maternal and perinatal outcomes of teenage primigravida mothers with those of adult primigravida mothers. The secondary objective was to assess the association between various sociodemographic factors on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional hospital record-based study includes a sample of 78 study subjects each in cases and comparison group. Records were taken from June 2019 to December 2019. Results: Of a total of 379 labor room admissions during the study period, 86 (22.69%) were of the teenage group and 8 cases were excluded from the study. A total of 78 teenage pregnancies were analyzed and compared with 78 adult pregnancies. The mean (standard deviation) age of teenage in our study was 18.10±0.63 and that of the comparison group was 22.74±1.68 years. Results revealed that teenage mothers had a statistically higher proportion of anemia (OR=2.30, P=0.05) and low-birth-weight babies (OR: 3.6, P=0.05) compared to adult-primigravida mothers, respectively. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is still a rampant and important public health problem in India with unfavorable perinatal outcomes and needs to be tackled on a priority basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]