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The presence of long-screened wells with a surrounding sand pack can have a major effect on the redistribution of contaminants in groundwater, particularly when the wells are set in low-hydraulic conductivity aquifers. Such redistribution, or cross contamination, can occur through vertical flow and advective transport or by in-well mixing via multiple non-advective transport processes. A multi-method approach, including the use of single borehole dilution tracer (SBDT) logging, was undertaken to estimate vertical transport of trichloroethylene (TCE) in 8 discontinued remedial extraction wells, all constructed with long screens (100 ft, or 30.6 m long) and surrounding sand packs, at Site 25, Edwards Air Force Base, California. The site is within an enclosed drainage basin that is underlain primarily by quartz-monzonite-granitic rocks in various states of weathering. Prior to this study, little information was available on the depths of fracture zones intersecting the wellbores. Results indicate that because of in-well mixing processes, a potential redistribution of TCE of up to 9 g/d per well occurs as a consequence of leaving the wells inactive (unpumped) and unsealed, as measured by SBDT logging. Simulations of flow made with a generic model of the site show that if the wells were to be sealed with well liners, with the intent of reducing vertical TCE transport but the sand pack left intact, TCE transport decreases by 53% overall compared to leaving the wells unlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactions and nutrient exchanges among members of microbial communities are important for understanding functional relationships in environmental microbiology. We can begin to elucidate the nature of these complex systems by taking a bottom-up approach utilizing simplified, but representative, community members. Here, we assess the effects of a toxic stress event, the addition of arsenite (As(III)), on a syntrophic co-culture containing lactate-fermenting Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough and solvent-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain 195. Arsenic and trichloroethene (TCE) are two highly prevalent groundwater contaminants in the United States, and the presence of bioavailable arsenic is of particular concern at remediation sites in which reductive dechlorination has been employed. While we previously showed that low concentrations of arsenite (As(III)) inhibit the keystone TCE-reducing microorganism, D. mccartyi, this study reports the utilization of physiological analysis, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to assess the effects of arsenic on the metabolisms, gene expression, and nutrient exchanges in the described co-culture. It was found that the presence of D. vulgaris ameliorated arsenic stress on D. mccartyi, improving TCE dechlorination under arsenic-contaminated conditions. Nutrient and amino acid export by D. vulgaris may be a stress-ameliorating exchange in this syntrophic co-culture under arsenic stress, based on upregulation of transporters and increased extracellular nutrients like sarcosine and ornithine. These results broaden our knowledge of microbial community interactions and will support the further development and implementation of robust bioremediation strategies at multi-contaminant sites.

Copyright of Archives of Environmental Protection is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Educación e Investigación en Emergencias is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) in occupations is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC). However, there is a lack of comprehensive study on the global burden of occupational exposure to TCE-related KC. Methods: Epidemiological data on occupational TCE exposure-associated KC from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, including death counts and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Global burden of this disease was stratified by genders, age, socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles, GBD subcontinental regions, and countries. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to illustrate trends over the last 32 years, and forecasts were conducted to predict the disease burden until 2050. Results: In 2021, the global age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of occupational TCE exposure-related KC was 0.0009 (95 %UI: 0.0002–0.0016) per 100,000 persons, and the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDAR) was 0.0284 (95 %UI: 0.0062–0.0522) per 100,000 individuals. The disease showed significant heterogeneity by sex and age, with males bearing a notably higher burden, and the burden being concentrated in the 50–79 year-old group. Major burdens were focused in middle to high-middle SDI regions, especially in Southern Latin America (Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile). Over 32 years, the burden of occupational TCE exposure-associated KC has gradually increased, with projections indicating continued growth to 2050, particularly among males and individuals aged 50–79. Regions like high-middle SDI areas, North America, High-income North America, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, saw the most significant increases. Correlation analyses indicated a positive association between ASDR and ASDAR with SDI, while EAPC showed a notable negative correlation with SDI. Decomposition analyses reveals three global population determinants that positively contributed to the increase in deaths, but negatively impacted DALYs. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant rising trend of occupational TCE exposure-associated KC from 1990 to 2021 and projected to 2050, with an emphasis on the disease burden in men, elderly population, and middle to high-middle SDI regions, underscoring the impact of occupational TCE exposure on KC.

This paper describes a geostatistical approach to model and visualize the space–time distribution of groundwater contaminants. It is illustrated using data from one of the world's largest plume of trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination, extending over 23 km2, which has polluted drinking water wells in northern Michigan. A total of 613 TCE concentrations were recorded at 36 wells between May 2003 and October 2018. To account for the non-stationarity of the spatial covariance, the data were first projected in a new space using multidimensional scaling. During this spatial deformation the domain is stretched in regions of relatively lower spatial correlation (i.e., higher spatial dispersion), while being contracted in regions of higher spatial correlation. The range of temporal autocorrelation is 43 months, while the spatial range is 11 km. The sample semivariogram was fitted using three different types of non-separable space–time models, and their prediction performance was compared using cross-validation. The sum-metric and product-sum semivariogram models performed equally well, with a mean absolute error of prediction corresponding to 23% of the mean TCE concentration. The observations were then interpolated every 6 months to the nodes of a 150 m spacing grid covering the study area and results were visualized using a three-dimensional space–time cube. This display highlights how TCE concentrations increased over time in the northern part of the study area, as the plume is flowing to the so-called Chain of Lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aquifers, acetylene (C2H2) is a product of abiotic degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) catalyzed by in situ minerals. C2H2 can, in turn, inhibit multiple microbial processes including TCE dechlorination and metabolisms that commonly support dechlorination, in addition to supporting the growth of acetylenotrophic microorganisms. Previously, C2H2 was shown to support TCE reductive dechlorination in synthetic, laboratory-constructed cocultures containing the acetylenotroph Pelobacter sp. strain SFB93 and Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain 195 or strain BAV1. In this study, we demonstrate TCE and perchloroethene (PCE) reductive dechlorination by a microbial community enriched from contaminated groundwater and amended with C2H2 as the sole electron donor and organic carbon source. The metagenome of the stable, enriched community was analyzed to elucidate putative community functions. A novel anaerobic acetylenotroph in the phylum Actinobacteria was identified using metagenomic analysis. These results demonstrate that the coupling of acetylenotrophy and reductive dechlorination can occur in the environment with native bacteria and broaden our understanding of biotransformation at contaminated sites containing both TCE and C2H2IMPORTANCE Understanding the complex metabolisms of microbial communities in contaminated groundwaters is a challenge. PCE and TCE are among the most common groundwater contaminants in the United States that, when exposed to certain minerals, exhibit a unique abiotic degradation pathway in which C2H2 is a product. C2H2 can act as both an inhibitor of TCE dechlorination and of supporting metabolisms and an energy source for acetylenotrophic bacteria. Here, we combine laboratory microcosm studies with computational approaches to enrich and characterize an environmental microbial community that couples two uncommon metabolisms, demonstrating unique metabolic interactions only yet reported in synthetic, laboratory-constructed settings. Using this comprehensive approach, we have identified the first reported anaerobic acetylenotroph in the phylum Actinobacteria, demonstrating the yet-undescribed diversity of this metabolism that is widely considered to be uncommon.

Sulfidated and bimetal modification can improve the reactivity and selectivity of zero-valent iron in contaminant removal. However, previous studies were focused on unilateral material approaches. In this article, a new hybrid composite Ag/S-ZVI was prepared by doping elemental silver on surface of sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI). The results of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) indicated Ag was dispersed on the surface of S-nZVI. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images displayed Ag/S-ZVI was irregular clusters with rough surfaces, small agglomeration, and quasi-spherical in shape. The removal of TCE by Ag/S-ZVI was 90.4% within 20 min. The reaction rate constant Kobs of Ag/S-ZVI was 2.59 times or 1.85 times of nZVI or S-nZVI, respectively. Cycling experiments showed that Ag/S-ZVI had good recycling ability, and the removal rate of TCE reached 72.6% at the third cycle. The addition of Ag+ makes S-nZVI as an abundant and efficient source of reducing electrons. The Fe0 core can break C-Cl bonds by releasing electrons and the surface layer of Ag favors the transfer efficiency of electrons. Such study provides an efficient and robust ternary system for the remediation of TCE in groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to obtain an optically transparent electrode based on the oriented nanonetworks of nickel in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate matrix. Optically transparent electrodes are used in many modern devices. Therefore, the search for new inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials for them remains an urgent task. We have previously developed a material for optically transparent electrodes based on oriented platinum nanonetworks. This technique was upgraded to obtain a cheaper option from oriented nickel networks. The study was carried out to find the optimal electrical conductivity and optical transparency values of the developed coating, and the dependence of these values on the amount of nickel used was investigated. The figure of merit (FoM) was used as a criterion for the quality of the material in terms of finding the optimal characteristics. It was shown that doping PEDOT: PSS with p-toluenesulfonic acid in the design of an optically transparent electroconductive composite coating based on oriented nickel networks in a polymer matrix is expedient. It was found that the addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid to an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT: PSS with a concentration of 0.5% led to an eight-fold decrease in the surface resistance of the resulting coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) is linked to kidney cancer, autoimmune diseases, and probably non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Additionally, TCE exposed mice and cell cultures show altered DNA methylation. To evaluate associations between TCE exposure and DNA methylation in humans, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) in TCE exposed workers using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Across individual CpG probes, genomic regions, and globally (i.e., the 450K methylome), we investigated differences in mean DNA methylation and differences in variability of DNA methylation between 73 control (< 0.005 ppm TCE), 30 lower exposed (< 10 ppm TCE), and 37 higher exposed ( ≥ 10 ppm TCE) subjects' white blood cells. We found that TCE exposure increased methylation variation globally (Kruskal-Wallis p-value = 3.75e-3) and in 25 CpG sites at a genome-wide significance level (Bonferroni p-value < 0.05). We identified a 609 basepair region in the TRIM68 gene promoter that exhibited hypomethylation with increased exposure to TCE (FWER = 1.20e-2). Also, genes that matched to differentially variable CpGs were enriched in the 'focal adhesion' biological pathway (p-value = 2.80e-2). All in all, human exposure to TCE was associated with epigenetic alterations in genes involved in cell-matrix adhesions and interferon subtype expression, which are important in the development of autoimmune diseases; and in genes related to cancer development. These results suggest that DNA methylation may play a role in the pathogenesis of TCE exposure-related diseases and that TCE exposure may contribute to epigenetic drift.

A trichloroethene (TCE)-dechlorinating community (CANAS) maintained in a completely mixed flow reactor was established from a semi-batch enrichment culture (ANAS) and was monitored for 400 days at a low solids retention time (SRT) under electron acceptor limitation. Around 85% of TCE supplied to CANAS (0.13 mmol d-1) was converted to ethene at a rate of 0.1 mmol d-1, with detection of low production rates of vinyl chloride (6.8 × 10-3 mmol d-1) and cis-dichloroethene (2.3 × 10-3 mmol d-1). Two distinct Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains (ANAS1 and ANAS2) were stably maintained at 6.2 ± 2.8 × 108 cells mL-1 and 5.8 ± 1.2 × 108 cells mL-1, respectively. Electron balance analysis showed 107% electron recovery, in which 6.1% were involved in dechlorination. 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed a structural regime shift between ANAS and CANAS while maintaining robust TCE dechlorination due to similar relative abundances of D. mccartyi and functional redundancy among each functional guild supporting D. mccartyi activity. D. mccartyi transcriptomic analysis identified the genes encoding for ribosomal RNA and the reductive dehalogenases tceA and vcrA as the most expressed genes in CANAS, while hup and vhu were the most critical hydrogenases utilized by D. mccartyi in the community.

Researches depict a considerable degree of acknowledgment of financial technology improvement in Pakistan. However, the costs blocking clients' intention to utilize financial technology remain dubious. Building upon Transaction Cost Economics and Innovation diffusion theory, this paper hypothesizes that consumers' transaction cost of fintech is affected by nine antecedents: perceived asset specificity, complexity, product uncertainty, behavioral uncertainty, transaction frequency, dependability, limitations, convenience, and economic utility. Transaction cost has a negative relationship with consumers' intentions to use fintech for online buying or availing services. We tested the model using data gathered from the individuals. The results show that factors that are positively related to consumers' perceived transaction cost, among them product uncertainty (β = 0.231) is the greatest of factors, followed by behavior uncertainty (β = 0.209) and asset specificity (β = 0.17), those that are negatively associated are dependability (β = 0.11), and convenience (β = 0.224). The study is limited in scope, focusing primarily on cost factors. Future research may analyze additional cost-related elements and the actual use of financial technology by using samples from different countries.

The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients affected by Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in a Reference Hospital in 2019, from the Coffee Region, in Macro-region II in the State of Rondônia. This is a retrospective, descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative and documentary approach that examined 149 medical records. The collection took place between June and June 2022. The results showed that males (75.8%) predominated in the cases. The study highlights traffic accidents as the main cause of hospitalizations for TBI with 77.6%, evidencing in 8.7% the rate of in-hospital deaths caused by TBI, and highlighting the need for a primary approach in the classification in the emergency/ urgency, in order to emphasize nursing for its inherent properties of care and organization of a minimized risk assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichloroethene (TCE) is one of the most prevalent contaminants in groundwater pollution worldwide. Aerobic-metabolic degradation of TCE has only recently been discovered at one field site. It has significant advantages over aerobic co-metabolism because no auxiliary substrates are required, and the oxygen demand is considerably lower. This study investigated the intrinsic degradation potential as well as the stimulation potential by bioaugmentation in microcosm experiments with groundwater from seven different sites contaminated with chloroethenes. An enrichment culture metabolizing TCE aerobically served as inoculum. The groundwater samples were inoculated with liquid culture in mineral salts medium as well as with immobilized culture on silica sand. Additionally, some samples were inoculated with groundwater from the site where the enrichment culture originated. The microcosms without inoculum proved the occurrence of aerobic TCE-metabolizing bacteria stimulated by the supply of oxygen in 54% of the groundwater samples. TCE degradation started in most cases after adaptation times of up to 92 d. The doubling time of 24 d indicated comparatively slow growth of the aerobic TCE degrading microorganisms. Bioaugmentation triggered or accelerated TCE-degradation in all microcosms with chlorothene concentrations below 100 mg L−1. All inoculation strategies (liquid and immobilized enrichment culture or addition of groundwater from the active field site) were successful. Our study demonstrates that aerobic-metabolic TCE degradation can occur and be stimulated across a broad hydrogeologic spectrum and should be considered as a viable option for groundwater remediation at TCE-contaminated sites.

In situ remediation is usually restricted by temperature, lack of substrate for reductive dechlorination (anaerobic respiration), the presence of dehalogenating microorganisms, and specific bedrock conditions. In this work, trichloroethene (TCE) degradation was studied by a number of methods, from physical–chemical analyses to molecular biological tools. The abundance changes in dechlorinating bacteria were monitored using real-time PCR. The functional genes vcrA and bvcA as well as the 16S rRNA specific for representatives of genera Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, and Desulfitobacterium were monitored. Furthermore, the sulfate-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were observed by amplifying the functional genes apsA and nirK. The elevated temperature and the substrate (whey) addition significantly affected TCE dechlorination. The chlorine index decreased after nine weeks from 2.5 to 0.1 at 22 °C, to 1.1 at 17 °C and 1.7 at 12 °C and complete dechlorination was achieved at 22 °C with whey addition. The achieved results of this work show the feasibility and effectiveness of biological dechlorination of TCE enhanced with elevated temperature and whey addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) in occupations is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC). However, there is a lack of comprehensive study on the global burden of occupational exposure to TCE-related KC., Methods: Epidemiological data on occupational TCE exposure-associated KC from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, including death counts and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Global burden of this disease was stratified by genders, age, socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles, GBD subcontinental regions, and countries. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to illustrate trends over the last 32 years, and forecasts were conducted to predict the disease burden until 2050., Results: In 2021, the global age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of occupational TCE exposure-related KC was 0.0009 (95 %UI: 0.0002-0.0016) per 100,000 persons, and the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDAR) was 0.0284 (95 %UI: 0.0062-0.0522) per 100,000 individuals. The disease showed significant heterogeneity by sex and age, with males bearing a notably higher burden, and the burden being concentrated in the 50-79 year-old group. Major burdens were focused in middle to high-middle SDI regions, especially in Southern Latin America (Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile). Over 32 years, the burden of occupational TCE exposure-associated KC has gradually increased, with projections indicating continued growth to 2050, particularly among males and individuals aged 50-79. Regions like high-middle SDI areas, North America, High-income North America, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, saw the most significant increases. Correlation analyses indicated a positive association between ASDR and ASDAR with SDI, while EAPC showed a notable negative correlation with SDI. Decomposition analyses reveals three global population determinants that positively contributed to the increase in deaths, but negatively impacted DALYs., Conclusion: This study highlights a significant rising trend of occupational TCE exposure-associated KC from 1990 to 2021 and projected to 2050, with an emphasis on the disease burden in men, elderly population, and middle to high-middle SDI regions, underscoring the impact of occupational TCE exposure on KC., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) is designated as International Ramsar site and are the hotspot for large-scale wastewater aquaculture practices. However, the continued surveillance of physicochemical properties of water and application of an eco-friendly approach are essential to ensure safe aquaculture practices. In the present study, we assessed the seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of water across EKW and investigated the role of nitrifying bacteria as probiotics. We statistically analyzed various physicochemical properties of water samples from EKW. Results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant variation in all the physicochemical parameters across the selected water bodies of EKW (p < 0.01). We isolated and enumerated Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. and assessed their ability to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE). The role of Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. were further investigated and established through a small-scale experiment. Two microbial isolates, NSW3 and NBW2, displayed superior TCE degradation ability at pH 5, and the application of these strains as probiotics were found to improve the quality of water and survival rate of fishes in the treated experimental tanks. Our findings suggest that the application of the above mixed bacterial cultures in aquaculture could be an effective and environment-friendly approach for safe and productive aquaculture operations. HIGHLIGHTS East Kolkata Wetlands, an International Ramsar site and hotspot for aquaculture.; Statistical correlations of physicochemical parameters shown significant variation.; Standardized the role of nitrifying bacteria as probotics for aquaculture practices.; Trichloroethylene degradation by bacteria were analysed for reducing pollutants.; Establishment of bioremediation and bio-security protocol of wastewater management.;

While a lot of research concentrates on the respective merits of VaR and TCE, which are the two most classic risk indicators used by financial institutions, little has been written on the equivalence between such indicators. Further, TCE, despite its merits, may not be the most accurate indicator to take into account the nature of probability distribution tails. In this paper, we introduce a new risk indicator that extends TCE to take into account higher-order risks. We compare the quantiles of this indicator to the quantiles of VaR in a simple Pareto framework, and then in a generalized Pareto framework. We also examine equivalence results between the quantiles of high-order TCEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dense non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) represent one of the most hazardous contaminants of groundwater, posing health risks to humans. Radon is generally used to trace DNAPLs; however, external factors, such as rainfall or stream water, can influence its efficacy. To overcome these limitations, this study pioneered the integration of radon and microbial community structures to explore DNAPL tracing and natural attenuation in the context of seasonal variations for human health risk assessments. The results showed that a radon tracer can estimate DNAPL saturation in the source zone, especially during the dry season when radon deficiency predominates. However, samples exhibited mixing effects during the wet season because of local precipitation. Moreover, bioremediation and low health risks were observed in the plume boundary zone, indicating that microbial dechlorination was a predominant factor determining these risks. The abnormal patterns of radon observed during the wet season can be elucidated by examining microbiological communities. Consequently, a combined approach employing radon and microbial analysis is advocated for the boundary zone, albeit with a less intensive management strategy, compared with that for the source zone. This novel coupling method offers a theoretical and practical foundation for managing DNAPL-contaminated groundwater. [Display omitted] • Seasonal variations affected DNAPL characteristics in groundwater. • DNAPL tracing can be simplified using radon in dry season. • Microbial data can explain the abnormal change patterns of radon in wet season. • Bioremediation and low health risk vales were observed in plume boundary zone. • Less intensive management was needed in plume boundary zone after wet season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for stable, high-performance, and low-cost photocatalysts has received considerable interest. In this work, mesoporous LaVO 4 nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time by applying the soft template, and g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets were fabricated using a hard template to design mesoporous LaVO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 heterostructures. The synthesized photocatalysts were assessed by the mineralization of trichloroethylene (TCE) in aqueous media during visible illumination. TEM and XRD measurements verified the existence of porous g-C 3 N 4 with a high distribution of the monoclinic phase LaVO 4 NPs (5 nm). The photocatalytic performance of the LaVO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction was much better than that of either LaVO 4 or g-C 3 N 4. 3%LaVO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 exhibited the maximum photocatalytic ability, about 99% during a 3 h illumination at a degradation rate of 6.50 μmolL−1 min−1, which were ∼3.89- and ∼4.67-fold greater than parent LaVO 4 and g-C 3 N 4 , respectively. The first-order kinetics calculations revealed that the 3% LaVO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure offered the highest rate constant of 0.0113 min−1, which estimated ∼8.7 and 4.9 folds larger than LaVO 4 (0.0023 min−1) and g-C 3 N 4 (0.0015 min−1), respectively. The importance of the LaVO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 with superb photocatalytic efficiency was demonstrated based on the photoluminescence spectra, transient photocurrent curves, and UV–visible absorption spectra. The obtained LaVO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst exhibited excellent regeneration and recyclability over five consecutive runs. The coupling of LaVO 4 and g-C 3 N 4 with matching alignment potentials and the synergetic effect were thought to be the most interesting processes to promote photocatalytic efficiency. The obtained LaVO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction possesses excellent photocatalytic efficiency and is a favorable candidate for potential applications in wastewater remediation using solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of the research will be on the definition of 'Traditional Cultural Expression' in the national arena along with the concurrent rights of the indigenous people in relation to misappropriation of the cultural knowledge and expressions of the community which distinguishes them from the others, along with the acknowledgement of old lost exclusive recipes and traditional methods used to make them, and increase the ambit of TCE by inculcating where our country should be recognized for its contribution and some recognition globally along with commercial benefit arising out of it. The scope is limited to complex issues of traditional expression that are relevant to India and increase the ambit of old food delicacies and protect them under current laws. The protection of indigenous culture and giving them some rights along with monetary compensation for infringement of their right to protect the tradition from being copied, which leads to the welfare of the nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Fondo Editorial Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mayenite (12CaO·7Al2O3) is a mesoporous calcium aluminum oxide, with a characteristic crystalline structure. The framework of mayenite is composed of interconnected cages with a positive electric charge per unit cell that includes two molecules [Ca24Al28O64]4+, and the remaining two oxide ions O2−, often labelled "free oxygen", are trapped in the cages defined by the framework. Starting from mayenite structure several derivatives have been prepared through advanced synthetic protocols by free oxygen substitution with various anions. Mayenite and its derivates have been intensively investigated in many applications which include catalysis (oxidation and reduction, ammonia synthesis, pinacol coupling), environmental sensors and CO2 sorbent materials. In this review, we summarize our recent results on the main applications of mayenite and its derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar os estilos de liderança e as circunstâncias que os influenciam, de acordo com o nível organizacional dos líderes do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Amazonas (TCE-AM). Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário aplicado a 30 líderes. A técnica empregada para a interpretação das respostas foi a estatística descritiva com auxílio do software Microsoft Excel. Os resultados constatam que os líderes adaptam seu estilo de liderança, baseados nas variáveis que impactam no dia-a-dia do seu trabalho, sendo essas variáveis presentes no Continuum de liderança de Tannenbaum e Schmidt (1973). Também foi possível averiguar não somente as características do líder, mas também as dos liderados e das demandas de liderança. Apesar dos níveis organizacionais terem seus estilos parecidos, cada nível apresentou uma tendência no estilo de liderança, a qual foi observada por meio, também, do Continuum de liderança de Tannenbaum e Schmidt (1973). Os resultados apresentados neste estudo poderão ser utilizados como referências para novos aprofundamentos no âmbito acadêmico e prático sobre estilos de liderança na Administração Pública.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la actitud hacia la sexualidad en pacientes con antecedentes de trauma craneoencefálico (TCE), de acuerdo al nivel de severidad presentado. Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo descriptivo en una muestra de 126 personas, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 49 años, con antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico leve, moderado y severo, a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Sexualidad Ampliada (ATSS) y una encuesta de actitudes hacia la sexualidad. Resultados: se encontró que la mayoría de los participantes manifestaron haber sufrido cambios en su sexualidad tras el TCE, caracterizados por la disminución de la frecuencia de las relaciones y el deseo sexual, sin embargo, evidencian una actitud positiva frente a la sexualidad. Conclusiones: si bien la sexualidad es considerada importante por los participantes del estudio, no se evidenció una conducta tendiente a la erotofilia. No se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto al nivel de severidad del trauma craneoencefálico.

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are often found in combination with 1,4-dioxane which has been used as a solvent stabilizer. It would be desirable to separate these compounds since biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane follows an aerobic pathway while anaerobic conditions are needed for biodegrading CVOCs. Conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon (AC) and carbonaceous resins have high adsorption capacities for 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs but lack selectivity, limiting their use for separation (Liu et al., 2019). In the current work, two macrocyclic adsorbents, β-CD-TFN and Res-TFN, were examined for selective adsorption of chlorinated ethenes in the presence of 1,4-dioxane. Both adsorbents exhibited rapid adsorption of the CVOCs and minimal adsorption of 1,4-dioxane. Res-TFN had a higher adsorption capacity for CVOCs than β-CD-TFN (measured linear partition coefficient, K d 2140 -9750 L⋅kg -1 versus 192-918 L⋅kg -1 for 1,1, DCE, cis-1,2-DCE and TCE, respectively) and was highly selective for CVOCs(TCE K d ~117 K d for 1,4-dioxane). By comparison, TCE and 1,4-dioxane adsorption on AC was approximately equal at 100 µg⋅L -1 and approximately 1/3 of the adsorption of TCE on the Res-TFN. The greater adsorption and selectivity of Res-TFN suggest that it can be used as a selective adsorbent to separate CVOCs from 1,4-dioxane to allow separate biodegradation.

The presence of an HLA-DPB1 nonpermissive mismatch (NPMM) by the TCE-3 model has been associated with improved survival following haploidentical donor transplantation (HIDT) using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy). With the development of a revised model (TCE-Core) that further separates TCE-3 "group 3" alleles into "core" (C) and "noncore" (NC) alleles, a formerly permissive mismatch (PMM) resulting from group 3 alleles in both donor and recipient is now considered a C-NPMM if 1 or more of those alleles is NC. We aimed to study the additional effect of HLA-DPB1 C-NPMM according to the TCE-Core algorithm, as well as the directional vector of the mismatch, on outcomes following HIDT. To this end, we analyzed 242 consecutive HIDT recipients with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent transplantation between 2005 and 2021 (median age, 51 years; range, 19 to 80 years). The median follow-up was 62 months (range, 23 to 199 months). Of the 136 HIDTs classified as PMM by TCE-3, 73 were reclassified as a C-NPMM by the TCE-Core algorithm, of which 36 were in the graft-versus host (GVH) vector (37 were host-versus-graft [HVG] only). Given comparable survival between conventional NPMM and C-NPMM, GVH/bidirectional were analyzed together (nonpermissive). HVG-only C-NPMM were combined with HLA-DPB1-matched and PMM (permissive) because of similar outcomes. The presence of a TCE-Core-defined nonpermissive HLA-DP mismatch resulted in superior 5-year overall survival (OS) (66% versus 47%) and disease-free survival (DFS) (60% versus 43%). Compared to the conventional TCE-3 algorithm, TCE-Core identified a higher percentage of nonpermissive transplants (38% versus 23%) and better discriminated outcomes between nonpermissive and permissive status, with a larger difference in survival outcomes using TCE-Core compared to TCE-3 (OS Δ, 18.3% versus 12.7%; DFS Δ, 16.5% versus 8.5%). In multivariable analysis (MVA), a nonpermissive TCE-Core mismatch led to improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], .54; P = .003) and DFS (HR, .62; P = .013), largely due to decreased relapse risk (HR, .63; P = .049). In contrast, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) outcomes were not significantly impacted. In summary, the presence of nonpermissive TCE-Core HLA-DP mismatch strongly predicts survival following PTCy-based HIDT, owing to a reduction in relapse risk without a corresponding increase in GVHD or NRM. As a donor selection tool, TCE-Core appears to better discriminate HIDT outcomes while at the same time identifying a larger percentage of the potential donor pool., (Copyright © 2024 The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In situ remediation is usually restricted by temperature, lack of substrate for reductive dechlorination (anaerobic respiration), the presence of dehalogenating microorganisms, and specific bedrock conditions. In this work, trichloroethene (TCE) degradation was studied by a number of methods, from physical–chemical analyses to molecular biological tools. The abundance changes in dechlorinating bacteria were monitored using real-time PCR. The functional genes vcrA and bvcA as well as the 16S rRNA specific for representatives of genera Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, and Desulfitobacterium were monitored. Furthermore, the sulfate-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were observed by amplifying the functional genes apsA and nirK. The elevated temperature and the substrate (whey) addition significantly affected TCE dechlorination. The chlorine index decreased after nine weeks from 2.5 to 0.1 at 22 °C, to 1.1 at 17 °C and 1.7 at 12 °C and complete dechlorination was achieved at 22 °C with whey addition. The achieved results of this work show the feasibility and effectiveness of biological dechlorination of TCE enhanced with elevated temperature and whey addition.

Remedial actions for groundwater contamination such as containment, in-situ remediation, and pump-and-treat have been developed. This study investigates the hydraulic containment of Trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated groundwater by using pulsed pump-and-treat technology. The hypothetical research site assumed the operation of pulsed pump-and-treat to manage groundwater contaminated with 0.1 mg/L of TCE. at the pump-and-treat facility. Numerical models, employing MODFLOW and MT3DMS for groundwater flow and contamination simulations, were used for case studies to evaluate the performance and risks of pump-and-treat operation strategies. Evaluation criteria included capture width, removal efficiency, and contaminant leakage. Health risks from TCE leakage were assessed using a vapor intrusion risk assessment tool in adjacent areas. In the facility-scale case study, the capture width of the pump-and-treat was controlled by pumping/injection well operations, including schedules and rates. Pumping/injection well configurations impacted facility efficiencies. Pulsed operation led to TCE leakage downstream. Site-scale case studies simulated contaminant transport through pump-and-treat considering various operation stages (continuous; pulsed), as well as various reactions of TCE in subsurface environment (non-reactive; sorption; sorption and biodegradation). Assuming non-reactive tracer, TCE in groundwater was effectively blocked during continuous operation stage but released downstream in the following pulsed operation stage. Considering chemical reactions, the influences of the pump-and-treat operation followed similar trends of the non-reactive tracer but occurred at delayed times. Groundwater contamination levels were reduced through biodegradation. Cancer and non-cancer risks could occur at points of exposure (POEs) where the contamination levels approached or fell below TCE groundwater standards. [Display omitted] • Containment of PCE contaminated groundwater by pump-and-treat. • Vapor intrusion risk assessment using numerical simulation of groundwater contamination. • Possibility of partial release of contaminated groundwater caused by pulse operation. • Health risks via vapor intrusion at even screening level of contaminated groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioremediation is a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly way to remediate pollutants. However, the effectiveness of bioremediation is constrained by the underground environmental conditions, resulting in poor natural attenuation of organic pollution and degradation by functional microorganisms. In this study, a dechlorinating bacteria (DB) was enriched from contaminated soil and used to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) in wastewater. The adaptation and degradation mechanisms of DB to TCE were investigated by degradation product analysis and metagenomic sequencing. The degradation of TCE by DB is pH and additional carbon source dependent. The highest TCE removal amount (1.86 × 10−7 mmol/CFU) was achieved at pH=8, 1% DB inoculum volume, and 400 mg/L sodium acetate concentration. Moreover, DB has a high acid resistance and a removal capacity of 1.18×10−7 mmol/CFU for TCE at pH =2. None of the co-occurring pollutants Cr (VI) and toluene had a significant effect on the ability of DB to degrade TCE in wastewater (maintained at 1.13–1.22×10−7 mmol/CFU). DB dechlorinated TCE mainly through the action of extracellular enzymes (contributed 91% of the total removal ability). DB playing a major role in degradation is Paraclostridium. Significant differences in alpha diversity indices were revealed in the reaction systems after 15 days of exposure to TCE (p < 0.01). The degradation of TCE by DB is mainly accomplished through the defense system, energy synthesis, electron supply and biodegradation. Metagenomic sequencing demonstrated that DB achieved adaptation and degradation of TCE through gene-regulated biological processes such as xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and signal transduction. This study reveals for the first time the biodegradation efficiency and biotransformation process of DB under TCE stress. [Display omitted] • A TCE dechlorinating bacteria was successfully extracted from oil-contaminated soil. • Dechlorinating bacteria degrades TCE mainly through the extracellular enzymes. • The degradation ability of dechlorinating bacteria was 1.86 × 10−7 mmol/CFU. • Dechlorinating bacteria playing a major role in degradation is Paraclostridium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) is linked to kidney cancer, autoimmune diseases, and probably non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Additionally, TCE exposed mice and cell cultures show altered DNA methylation. To evaluate associations between TCE exposure and DNA methylation in humans, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) in TCE exposed workers using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Across individual CpG probes, genomic regions, and globally (i.e., the 450K methylome), we investigated differences in mean DNA methylation and differences in variability of DNA methylation between 73 control (< 0.005 ppm TCE), 30 lower exposed (< 10 ppm TCE), and 37 higher exposed ($$ \ge $$ 10 ppm TCE) subjects’ white blood cells. We found that TCE exposure increased methylation variation globally (Kruskal-Wallis p-value = 3.75e-3) and in 25 CpG sites at a genome-wide significance level (Bonferroni p-value < 0.05). We identified a 609 basepair region in the TRIM68 gene promoter that exhibited hypomethylation with increased exposure to TCE (FWER = 1.20e-2). Also, genes that matched to differentially variable CpGs were enriched in the ‘focal adhesion’ biological pathway (p-value = 2.80e-2). All in all, human exposure to TCE was associated with epigenetic alterations in genes involved in cell-matrix adhesions and interferon subtype expression, which are important in the development of autoimmune diseases; and in genes related to cancer development. These results suggest that DNA methylation may play a role in the pathogenesis of TCE exposure-related diseases and that TCE exposure may contribute to epigenetic drift.

While a lot of research concentrates on the respective merits of VaR and TCE, which are the two most classic risk indicators used by financial institutions, little has been written on the equivalence between such indicators. Further, TCE, despite its merits, may not be the most accurate indicator to take into account the nature of probability distribution tails. In this paper, we introduce a new risk indicator that extends TCE to take into account higher-order risks. We compare the quantiles of this indicator to the quantiles of VaR in a simple Pareto framework, and then in a generalized Pareto framework. We also examine equivalence results between the quantiles of high-order TCEs.

Low reflective metal oxide alloys thin film and its additive trace on colorless polyimide (CPI) were proposed to achieve better visual experience for near‐eye display and eye tracking optical transparent electrode application. Furthermore, addictive manufacturing process on Cu(CuO)/Epoxy‐CPI structure was used to implement a prototype eye tracking electrode that showed low value of trace resistance and tight resistance tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology-critical elements (TCE) are of great relevance in the development of key emerging technologies, including renewable energy, energy efficiency, electronics and the aerospace industry. A sudden increase in industrial demand in support of an emerging technology or unexpected cutoff from a supply of critical minerals can have a drastic impact on national security and economic health. The growing release of TCEs requires understanding their mobility, reactivity, and chemical transformations in the environment, which are critically dependent on their chemical form. Here we review the speciation of less studied technology-critical elements (LSTCEs): Nb, Ta, Ga, In, Ge, Tl and Te. We discuss the trends in analytical techniques using in TCEs speciation. The development of analytical techniques significantly increases the interest of researchers in these elements and species. In particular, there is still little information in the literature on the speciation of niobium and tantalum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of institutions in the agro‐food sector is gaining momentum since it represents a complex and relevant area of study as concerns intermediate‐product markets. Traditionally there has been a problem of organization among farmers mainly due to the reluctance to pool decisional and property rights on input and/or output. Following the Transaction Costs Economics framework, the paper aims to investigate which are the main drivers of the collective forms of organization in the Italian agro‐food system, paying particular attention to transaction costs' attributes and to the increasing role played by the institutional environment as well. The choice to join a cooperative or producer organization is therefore conceptualized as a governance structure choice. In this regard, based on the Italian version of the Farm Accountancy Data Network, econometric models are estimated in order to account for the two organizational alternatives under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are synthesized using rapid synthesis polyol process by keeping polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): silver nitrate (AgNO3) ratio constant and their effect on the formation of AgNWs is systematically investigated. Morphological properties of synthesised AgNWs are analysed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐Vis spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. AgNWs with typical average length of 5 μm are grown at higher concentration of AgNO3 (0.08 M). A hybrid transparent conducting electrode (TCE) is fabricated by mixing optimized AgNWs in conducting polymer matrix‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and spin coated on to glass substrate. A significant improvement in the transparency in IR region and conductivity is observed in the case of hybrid TCE as compared with PEDOT:PSS TCE. Figure of merit calculations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the fabricated TCEs and the quality of the hybrid film is improved by 5 to 7 times more than that of PEDOT: PSS TCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An efficient ITO-free transparent electrode based on diamond-like carbon is developed for low cost solar cells. • A DLC/Ag/DLC multilayer structure was successfully developed by combining PLD and RF sputtering techniques. • A new hybrid approach based on both FDTD and PSO techniques is proposed to optimize the TCE perormances. • The optimized DLC/Ag/DLC tri-layered TCE exhibits superior FoM of 55.2 × 10−3 Ω−1. In this paper, a novel Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC)-based structure is proposed as an alternative material for transparent electrode applications. In this context, DLC/Ag/DLC multilayer structure was successfully fabricated by combining pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and RF magnetron sputtering techniques. DLC films were deposited at room temperature via PLD on a quartz substrate and their optical constants were extracted using ellipsometry technique. A new hybrid approach based on FDTD method supported by particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was introduced to find out the best geometry and appropriate intermediate ultrathin metal film of the DLC/Metal/DLC multilayer structure, promoting wider opportunities to overcome the transparency-conductivity trade-off. The optimized design is then prepared by successively depositing DLC films and sputtering ultra-thin Ag layer. Characterizations showcased that the elaborated DLC/Ag/DLC tri-layered structure offers a high Haacke FoM of 55.2 × 10−3 Ω−1, emphasizing the ability of the presented systematic investigation for providing promising pathways to reach enhanced light management and reduced resistive losses. Therefore, the elaborated DLC/Ag/DLC multilayer structure opens up new perspectives towards realizing high-performance transparent electrodes based on free-critical raw materials (CRM) , which are strongly desirable for optoelectronics and low cost thin film photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transaction cost economics (TCE) has guided a variety of research on governance in the strategic management literature. An important question arises, however, as to whether the TCE framework is equally appropriate for all types of firms in all business settings. In this paper, we argue that TCE is not and suggest that firms with high market power may be able to lower transaction costs under high asset specificity and uncertainty in nonintegrated distribution channels, avoiding the need to utilize highly integrated channels as a result. We test our hypotheses with data collected from 40 manufacturers of electronic and telecommunications products in 109 product-markets in the United States. The results support our hypothesis that transaction cost factors are better at explaining forward channel integration for firms with low market power than for firms with high market power. Our results indicate that the basic TCE framework must be supplemented by the market power construct to adequately explain forward channel integration decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]