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3 results on '"TB/HIV co-morbidity"'

1. Tuberculosis and HIV Co-infection, California, USA, 1993–2008

Author

John Z. Metcalfe, Travis C. Porco, Janice Westenhouse, Mark Damesyn, Matt Facer, Julia Hill, Qiang Xia, James P. Watt, Philip C. Hopewell, and Jennifer Flood

Subjects
Tuberculosis, HIV, TB/HIV co-morbidity, HAART, California, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

To understand the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection in California, we cross-matched incident TB cases reported to state surveillance systems during 1993–2008 with cases in the state HIV/AIDS registry. Of 57,527 TB case-patients, 3,904 (7%) had known HIV infection. TB rates for persons with HIV declined from 437 to 126 cases/100,000 persons during 1993–2008; rates were highest for Hispanics (225/100,000) and Blacks (148/100,000). Patients co-infected with TB–HIV during 2001–2008 were significantly more likely than those infected before highly active antiretroviral therapy became available to be foreign born, Hispanic, or Asian/Pacific Islander and to have pyrazinamide-monoresistant TB. Death rates decreased after highly active antiretroviral therapy became available but remained twice that for TB patients without HIV infection and higher for women. In California, HIV-associated TB has concentrated among persons from low and middle income countries who often acquire HIV infection in the peri-immigration period.

Published
2013
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2. Tuberculosis and HIV Co-infection, California, USA, 1993–2008

Author

Mark Damesyn, Matt Facer, James Watt, Qiang Xia, Jennifer Flood, Janice Westenhouse, John Z. Metcalfe, Travis C. Porco, Philip C. Hopewell, and Julia Hill

Subjects
Male, HAART, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, California, 0302 clinical medicine, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CME, Prevalence, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, 0303 health sciences, Coinfection, Incidence, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Middle Aged, highly active antiretroviral therapy, 3. Good health, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, Infectious Diseases, TB/HIV co-morbidity, Epidemiological Monitoring, Pacific islanders, Female, TB–HIV co-morbidity, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, co-infection, Foreign born, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, USA, Retrospective Studies, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria, medicine.disease, Virology, United States, business, Demography
Abstract

To understand the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection in California, we cross-matched incident TB cases reported to state surveillance systems during 1993–2008 with cases in the state HIV/AIDS registry. Of 57,527 TB case-patients, 3,904 (7%) had known HIV infection. TB rates for persons with HIV declined from 437 to 126 cases/100,000 persons during 1993–2008; rates were highest for Hispanics (225/100,000) and Blacks (148/100,000). Patients co-infected with TB–HIV during 2001–2008 were significantly more likely than those infected before highly active antiretroviral therapy became available to be foreign born, Hispanic, or Asian/Pacific Islander and to have pyrazinamide-monoresistant TB. Death rates decreased after highly active antiretroviral therapy became available but remained twice that for TB patients without HIV infection and higher for women. In California, HIV-associated TB has concentrated among persons from low- and middle-income countries who often acquire HIV infection in the peri-immigration period.

Published
2013

3. Tuberculosis (TB)Progress toward Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) and DOTS in Who Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR)

Author

Khaled, Khoaja M

Subjects
Eastern Mediterranean Region, TB/HIV co-morbidity, TB burden, Public Health
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infection. Though effective anti-TB drugs have been available for more than 50 years, over one-third of the world’s population is exposed to TB bacterium; deaths due to TB infection occur at high frequency every day worldwide. Today, drug-resistant TB, TB/HIV co-morbidity and poor health infrastructure are major challenges worldwide, particularly in less developed countries. The primary objective of the study was to assess the progress of TB control programs in twenty-two Eastern Mediterranean Region countries toward Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) including implementation of the Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS). Also, the study was designed to explore TB/HIV co-morbidity and to assess some factors potentially associated with TB progress in the region. Secondary data, obtained from the World Health Organization, World Bank, and World Resource Institute on line databases were used. Paired samples t-test and bivariate correlation were conducted. Between 1990 and 2005, TB incidence had decreased 9%, TB prevalence had decreased 37% (statistically significant) and TB mortality had decreased 28%; nevertheless, MDG targets were not met. TB/HIV co-morbidity increased in the region especially in HIV-high burden countries. Though DOTS population coverage was increased to 94% in 2005, DOTS new smear-positive case detection rate was 61% (target 70%) and DOTS treatment success was 80% (target 85%). Thus, the 1991 Stop TB Partnership targets were not met. In spite of the progress of TB control programs in the EMR, MDGs and DOTs targets of 2005 were not obtained. Further efforts such as allocation of more resources, strengthening of TB surveillance systems, extension of drug-resistant TB and TB/HIV collaborative programs, and TB research are required to achieve MDGs by 2015 and to fully implement the new Stop TB Strategy in the region.

Published
2008

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