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Direct ink writing (DIW), or robocasting, is emerging as a key additive manufacturing technique for ceramic materials. Nevertheless, controlling ink rheology, finding optimal ink properties for printability, and optimising final mechanical performance have consistently posed major challenges. This review addresses these critical aspects of ceramic DIW through a meta-analysis. It encompasses rheological data from various ceramic inks and reviews methods for tuning ink properties to improve printability. The collected rheological properties are integrated into various printability criteria and models, leading to the proposal of an empirical criterion based on two key rheological parameters. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of both dense and porous ceramic components are discussed, revealing their correlations with rheology and processing defects. The objective of this comprehensive work is to serve as a valuable toolkit and guideline, providing researchers with the necessary insights to develop superior ink formulations and enhance the mechanical performance of robocasted ceramic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different populations experience suicide at different rates. Some studies have found an increased risk of suicide among individuals with tattoos. Studies indicate a higher prevalence of mental health disorders among individuals with one or more tattoos. These findings signal a need to explore suicide prevention in tattoo shops. The aim of this project is to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and interest of providing education on suicide prevention among tattoo artists. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey with tattoo artists. Survey items assessed artists' experiences with clients expressing mental health issues or suicidal thoughts, their comfort level assisting clients, and general perceptions around suicide and stigma. Seventy‐nine surveys were collected. Most artists reported that they have had at least one situation in which a client mentioned something that made them concerned about that client's mental health. Most respondents reported that a client has expressed suicidal thoughts to them at least once. Our study demonstrated that tattoo artists encounter clients who express mental health challenges as well as suicidal ideation, underscoring the potential role for tattoo artists in supporting individuals at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique health-related traditions, perceptions, and communication patterns of Ethiopian immigrants are challenging to Israeli healthcare providers who are trained in western medicine. The aim of this review was to conduct a survey of traditions, beliefs, and symptom reporting by Ethiopian immigrants and culturally oriented interventions to improve the care of Ethiopian immigrants. We used the keywords "Ethiopian immigrants Israel" and "Ethiopian Jews." Of 418 articles initially retrieved, 35 satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We described health-related traditions and their possible complications. Possession syndrome was frequently misdiagnosed as a neurological or psychiatric disorder. The medical staff was unfamiliar with these health and illness beliefs, somatization patterns, and the communication style of Ethiopian immigrants. There were successful interventions that involved liaisons from the Ethiopian community and community-based educational activities. Medical professionals working with African immigrants worldwide can use the Israeli experience to develop effective, culturally oriented interventions to optimize the health care for these immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently electronic tattoo sensors have attracted immense interest for health monitoring mainly due to their higher sensing performance than conventional dry sensors, owing to the ultra-low thickness which results in their conformability to the skin. However, their performance is worse than wet sensors. Further, these electronic tattoo sensors are not durable and reusable when free-standing because of their low thickness and being too delicate. Here, we report a remarkably high-performance freestanding, reusable, ultrathin and ultra-soft electronic tattoo sensor made of parylene-hydrogel double layer system with high water retention over extended periods that can be used for the extended period of 6 months. The hydrogel electronic tattoo (HET) sensors consist of electrically conductive self-adhesive hydrogel with a thickness of 20 µm and Young's modulus of only 31 kPa at 37 °C, allowing for ultra-conformal contact to the skin microscopic features. Our HET sensors are fabricated using a scalable cost-effective method on ordinary tattoo papers and are laminated on the skin like temporary tattoos and were used for electrophysiological signals recording such as electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), and skin hydration, temperature sensing. The HET sensors, for the first time, show 234% lower sensor-skin interface impedance (SSII) and significantly lower susceptibility to motion than gold standard medical grade silver/silver chloride wet gel electrodes which are known to have the lowest SSII and susceptibility to motion. Further, the low HET-skin interface impedance leads to a considerably larger signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the electrophysiological signals recorded using HET sensors in comparison with those obtained using gold standard medical grade silver/silver chloride wet gel electrodes. The SNR of some types of electrophysiological signals such as EMG recorded using HET is up to 19 dB higher than gold standard medical grade electrodes due to higher signal amplitude, significantly lower susceptibility of HET to motion and lower motion artifacts. Also, the HET sensor is the first free-standing ultrathin tattoo sensor that can be transferred from the skin to tattoo paper and vice versa many times and the electrophysiological sensing quality remained high during repeated use for over 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies in the sociology of religion in the West ignored religious tattoos or understood them as marginal practices. However, people have been getting religious tattoos since the beginning of the common era. I investigate the lack of sociological studies on religious tattoos and explain the marginal location of tattoos for the discipline. I propose a lived religion approach to understand tattoos as a legitimate religious practice and explore the historical and contemporary record of religious tattooing in the West. Finally, I make the case for studying tattoos as religious practices in Western, Christian contexts, and as a way to assess contemporary religiousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Patients and Methods Results Conclusions Permanent tattooing is the invasive introduction of tattoo ink (pigments) into the dermis. The ink and aftercare cosmetics applied on pre‐damaged skin may contain skin sensitisers.To identify patient characteristics and the pattern of sensitisation in tattooed patients patch tested within the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK).Comparative analysis of patient characteristics and reaction frequencies to baseline series allergens in 1648 consecutive patients with and 8045 consecutive patients without permanent tattoos. Non‐overlapping 95%‐confidence intervals were considered as significant.Having permanent tattoos was related with female sex, age <40 years, tobacco smoking, atopic dermatitis, (occupational) hand dermatitis and being employed in particular occupational groups (e.g., healthcare workers, mechanics, hairdressers). Sensitisation to nickel was increased in tattooed patients and associated with female sex (OR 4.23 [95%‐CI, 3.48–5.18]), age ≥40 years (OR 1.26 [95%‐CI, 1.08–1.49]), tobacco smoking (OR 1.19 [95%‐CI, 1.01–1.40]) and having permanent tattoos (OR 1.27 [95%‐CI, 1.05–1.53]).The association between nickel sensitisation and permanent tattoos is probably confounded by past reactions to pierced costume jewellery. Socio‐economic factors most probably contribute to the connection between tattoos, tobacco smoking, occupational or hand dermatitis, and being employed in particular occupational groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section offers news briefs from the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) as of July 2024. A toolkit for Body Art Model Code adoption for jurisdictions has been developed. A Disaster Readiness Simulator is under development to enable organizations to test and understand emergency response capabilities and human resource capacities. The 17th International Federation of Environmental Health World Congress was held in Perth, Western Australia.

Background The purpose of this study was to clarify fading, red, green, and blue values (RGB) change, and color reproducibility for nipple–areola complex (NAC) tattoos. Methods NAC tattooing was performed on 60 sites in 59 Japanese patients prospectively. The evaluation was assessed using digital photo, Casmatch standardization, and RGB and luminance values preoperatively, immediately after, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after tattooing. RGB and luminance values changes over time, time-adjusted fading rate, and the rate of luminance at 12 months were calculated. In color reproducibility study (n = 34), RGB values after 12 months were compared with the color sample about dark/reddish and light/less reddish pigments. Results RGB varied widely from immediately after to 1 month after tattooing. For RGB and luminance, significant differences were seen between pre and immediate after, 1 and 3 months, 3 and 6 months, and 6 and 12 months. In G values, significant differences were seen between all neighboring points. The fading rate tended to decrease as time progresses, but was not significant, that is, fading continued even between 6 and 12 months. Luminance was 9% brighter than contralateral NAC at 12 months. Color reproducibility tended to be higher with dark/reddish pigments, despite no significant differences. Conclusion The fading rate of tattooed NACs tended to decrease as time progresses, but fading still occurs between 6 and 12 months. Luminance was 9% brighter than contralateral NAC at 12 months after. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garibaldi epitomizes the Italian Risorgimento also on an iconographical level. With particular reference to Sicily in the 20th century, this article aims at analyzing first some aspects of an often thaumaturgical Garibaldi figure within subaltern culture, chiefly through handcrafts, political tattoos, painted scenes pertaining to the traditional puppet theater, as well as to ornate carts. All these contexts show a dense circulation between "high" and "low" culture. The elections for the regional parliament in 1947 were characterized by the massive use of Garibaldi in the frame of Communist propaganda too. Here we try to shed light on this strategy and the related iconographic choices. In the celebrations for the victory of the political left, the sacred dimension of Garibaldi's mythic status is evident; his image is carried around during St. Joseph's festival too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In breast cancer, Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD) allows for the selective excision of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) during primary tumor surgery. TAD consists of the resection of labelled SLNs prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have explored the use of carbon-based colloids for SLN tattooing prior to NACT. However, carbon vectors show varying degrees of inflammatory reactions and, in about one fifth of cases, carbon particles migrate via the lymphatic pathway to other nodes, causing the SLN to mismatch the tattooed node. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we explored the use of melanin as a staining endogenous pigment. We synthesized and characterized melanin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (Mel-NPs) and used them to tattoo lymph nodes in pig animal models given the similarity in the size of the human and pig nodes. Mel-NPs tattooed lymph nodes showed high identification rates, reaching 83.3% positive identification 16 weeks after tattooing. We did not observe any reduction in the identification as time increased, implying that the colloid is stable in the lymph node tissue. In addition, we performed histological and ultrastructural studies to characterize the biological behavior of the tag. We observed foreign-body-like granulomatous inflammatory responses associated with Mel-NPs, characterized by the formation of multinucleated giant cells. In addition, electron microscopy studies showed that uptake is mainly performed by macrophages, and that macrophages undergo cellular damage associated with particle uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tattoos serve as a valuable tool for identification. In the forensic context, it is vital to establish a systematic approach for documenting tattoo-related information to facilitate efficient and fast comparisons, especially in postmortem cases. Despite some countries failing to recognize the potential significance of tattoos, this study presents a methodological framework for gathering comprehensive data on this form of body modification. This article presents the results of an investigation made in Mexico during 2019–2022. The proposed methodology introduces a systematic and distinct classification system tailored to the country in which it will be implemented. The proposal is accompanied by applying the methodology in a Forensic Medical Service (SEMEFO) in Mexico for a week to test its effectiveness and speed under high workloads and stressful conditions. The novelty of this article lies in emphasizing the need for established, replicable, and homologous methodologies for tattoo codification. Additionally, it presents a more in-depth codification, where the details of the tattoos to be classified are thoroughly analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics. Methods An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms “tattoo”, “complications”, and “skin”. No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles. Results Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group. Conclusions Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications.

In recent times, the practice of body modification in sociocultural, psychological, and art studies contexts has gained a new impetus for research. This article presents the results of the analysis of pigments found on the surface of stone artifacts identified as tattooing tools from the assemblage of layer VII of the Upper Paleolithic site of Ushki V (13–12 ka calBP, Kamchatka Peninsula). The aim of this study is to reconstruct the formulation of paints discovered on the surface of stone tools from the collection of Ushki V, that could have been used for tattooing. The reconstruction was carried out by means of determining the composition and microstructure of the paints using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The conclusions about the structure of colouring substances and the composition of paints are based on the element mapping method, which allows determination of the relationships of chemical elements and establishing the chemical composition of individual components of the microstructure. Seven samples of red and yellow paint from the surface of six tools (carvers) have been thoroughly analysed. As a result, it has been found that three recipes were used for the manufacture of the pigments. The first (red paint) was based on mixing crushed mineral pigment (hematite) with organic binder of animal or vegetable origin. The second (yellow paint) implied the use of limonite, organic binder and a thickener (aluminosilicate material or crushed bone). The third recipe (dark orange paint) included the compound of limonite and organic binder without thickener. The comparison of the formulations with previously obtained data on the analysis of paints from Ushki V allows for the conclusion that there were continuous technological traditions determined by the desired color and purpose of the paint. It has been established that the formulations have analogies both among the assemblages of other Stone Age sites of Eurasia and in ethnographic materials. Theoretical and practical significance of this research lies within extending of focused studies of the culture of peoples of the North and initiating of comparative research into similar Late Paleolithic and Neolithic complexes in the territories adjacent to Kamchatka and in the New World.

Background and Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Tattooing is one of the leading donor deferral reasons in Australia. Until September 2020, donors were deferred from all donation types for 4 months after a tattoo. At this time, our guideline changed such that donations of plasma for further manufacture were accepted immediately, provided the tattoo was administered in a licensed or regulated Australian establishment. We examined the effects of this change.Donors with a tattoo deferral in the 2 years before or after the guideline change were identified and followed up until 3 November 2022. Between the two periods, we compared blood‐borne virus (BBV) incidence, donor return, and the number of donors and donations regained after deferral.The incidence of BBV infection in donors after a tattoo deferral was zero in both periods. To exceed a residual risk of 1 in 1 million for hepatitis C virus, 190 donors would need to be infected yearly from a tattoo. Donors returned to donate significantly faster after the change (median return 85 days compared with 278 days). An extra 187 donations per 10,000 person‐years of observation were gained, yielding a total of 44,674 additional plasma donations nationally 0–4 months after getting a tattoo.Allowing plasma donations immediately post‐tattoo resulted in a substantial donation gain with no adverse safety effect. Lifeblood subsequently reduced the deferral for transfusible component donations to 7 days for tattoos in Australian licensed/regulated establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Hair transplant (HT) is the standard treatment for female pattern hair loss (FPHL), but scalp micropigmentation (SMP) is an alternative. Currently, there are no criteria to help choose between HT and SMP.Forty female patients with FPHL who had successfully undergone HT and SMP, were reviewed to identify factors that might help decide between treatments. Hair density (HD) and hair caliber were measured at the part line and mid‐occipital region by a Folliscope. The sensitivity and specificity of HT and SMP were determined by area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic curve.Patients were divided into HT (n = 23) and SMP (n = 17) groups. The follicular unit density (FUD) (HT: 62.06 ± 4.8551/cm2; SMP: 66.59 ± 3.4971/cm2) and HD (HT: 96.16 ± 16.6954/cm2; SMP: 116.08 ± 17.0520/cm2) were significantly different (p < 0.01) between groups. The AUC for FUD was 77.6% with a cutoff value of 66.83 and 87.0% (1–0.412) sensitivity. The AUC for HD was 82.4% with a cutoff value of 96.17 and 69.6% (1–0.118) sensitivity.HD was the most important factor when deciding between HT surgery and SMP. SMP is recommended when the HD is ≥104.6 hairs/cm2 and HT surgery is strongly recommended when the HD is ≤96.17 hairs/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a wearable plant tattoo sensor array designed for continuous monitoring of leaf temperature, relative water content, and biopotential. Current plant wearable sensor technologies often require relatively bulky substrates for sensor support and adhesives for leaf attachment, which potentially can hinder plant growth and affect long‐term measurements. The multifunctional tattoo sensor array overcomes these issues by adhering directly to the leaf surface without the need for additional supporting structures or glues. This array includes a biopotential electrode, a resistive temperature sensor, and an impedimetric water content sensor, all constructed using laminated gold‐on‐polymer thin‐film patterns. Due to their mechanical flexibility, stretchability, and conformability, the sensors can seamlessly attach to leaves via van der Waals force. Performances of these sensors are evaluated to explore plant responses under diverse growth environments. This sensor array is capable of both short‐term and long‐term monitoring, offering continuous data and detailed insights into plant physiological responses to various stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the potentially irritant nature of chemical ingredient in cosmetics, harmless photonic crystal tattoo (HPCT) materials with angle‐independent structural color have shown great promise in cosmetic industry. However, it still remains a challenge to produce artificial photonic crystal materials with good adherence to biological cutaneous tissue. Herein, a photonic crystal tattoo based on SiO2 nanoparticles/silk fibroin (SiO2 NPs/SF) is reported. With the SF solution addition of 55.8%, the 180° peel strength and nanoindentation adhesion force of product increased by 427.4% and 103.9%, respectively. Finally, as proof of concept, its applications for creating tattoo with optical pattern on artificial skin were shown. Based on its superior adhesion, harmlessness, and environmental friendliness, the product may be a promising candidate material for the cosmetic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To broaden the knowledge on the practice of tattooing, from a psychoanalytical approach, by situating this vertex within a wider context; historical, religious, cultural, social. After establishing a historical and sociocultural context, the main objective of this text is to communicate some of the factors of unconscious origin, presented in the psychoanalytic clinic, in relation to the central theme: tattooing. Methodology: to specify the historical origin of tattooing, the point of view of Judeo-Christian beliefs, its technique and risks for users and fundamentally, from two clinical vignettes, to provide knowledge about the unconscious motivations that lead some patients to get tattooed. Results and Conclusions: two main elements are highlighted within a psychoanalytic context: frozen or insufficiently elaborated mourning and secret rituals of loving fidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: On a global scale, approximately 350 million are affected by hepatitis B, and 71 million by hepatitis C. People in custody face elevated risks for these infections. The prevalence and risk factors in Iranian prisons are insufficiently documented. The principal objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of hepatitis B and C, coupled with the identification of pertinent influencing factors, within the confines of Zahedan central prison, situated in the southeastern region of Iran. Methods: In 2019, we conducted an analytical cross-sectional study involving 407 people in custody, using stratified random sampling. To definitively diagnose hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (P < 0.05), a checklist developed by the researchers, along with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, were employed. Results: This study comprised 406 participants (96.3% male) with a median age of 32 years (27-38). Approximately 62% were married, and a substantial proportion of the participants had low education levels (47%), unemployment (64%), and belonged to the Baloch ethnicity (64%). The overall prevalence of hepatitis C and B infections was 2.7% and 10.6%, respectively. Tattooing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.9-4.5) and marriage (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05-3.04) were identified as risk factors for hepatitis B. Moreover, hepatitis C showed a statistically significant association with a family history of hepatitis B and C (AOR: 3.31, 95% CI: 3.93-24.64) and intravenous (IV) drug use (AOR: 7.01, 95% CI: 1.52-32.78) according to the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis B and C was higher among people in custody in Zahedan central prison. Consequently, targeted interventions are vital to address and reduce viral hepatitis burden in custodial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sak Yants are spiritual tattoos that originate from Southeast Asia. Based on an Instagram sample, this article examines the popularity of Sak Yants in the so-called West, as they clearly differ from other tattoo styles, for example, often emphasize less individuality and imply rules that the tattooee must follow to keep their power. Their cross-cultural adaptation can imply the risk of copies and changes, as well as the commodification of the spiritual art and a connection to eroticism to promote their marketing. Reasons for the cross-cultural fascination these tattoos exert lie in the belief in protection or a general desire for meaningfulness, the constant indexical connection to the master, the expression of cultural openness, and the feeling of community, as well as a holistic approach to the physical and spiritual. This is expressed through the ritual and the new spiritual status tied to certain behaviors. In conclusion, the millennia-old Sak Yant seems to correspond to a specific zeitgeist, connecting body and mind and enabling self-chosen connections to times and places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on interviews with, and images from, a selection of female participants, we develop the notion of semiotic assemblages to examine tattoos as mobile semiotic material for embodied meaning-making, with multi-located trajectories linking the tattooed bodies to different spatial networks. In turn, we draw on the social semiotic approach to multimodality by looking at assemblages of tattoos as vibrant material, pregnant with thing-power which, while re-making the bodies of individual tattoo owners, simultaneously shapes and semiotically remediates physical and affective (e.g. emotional and memorial) objects and feelings. We illustrate how corporeal materials and activities, and the incorporeal conceptual, perceptual and affective senses and feelings are remediated across boundaries of language, geography, semiotic modes, media, and chains of mediation to make meaning. We end with a suggestion that multimodal analysis of semiotic assemblages needs to take a multiscalar approach to account for mobilities, movements and flow, and the continuities and disconnections in forms and meanings the dynamics of the connectedness produce across different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outlined with this report is what is known regarding a significant donation of photographs received by the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (MAA), Cambridge, in 2010. The photographer was Jutta Merensky, later Jutta Gethen (1911–96). Information available at present indicates that she visited the Pacific twice or more, probably in 1961 and over 1968–69. Several hundred transparencies and prints now cared for in Cambridge feature landscapes, ceremonies, people and daily activities in Aotearoa New Zealand, Samoa, French Polynesia and elsewhere and notably include a sequence of tatau (tattooing) photographs from Samoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to growing interest in the investigation of exercise induced sweat biomarkers to assess an individual's health and the increasing prevalence of tattoos in the world's population, investigators sought to determine whether local sweat concentrations and excretion rates of epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin (IL) -1α, IL-6, IL-8, cortisol, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and lactate differ between tattooed and contralateral non-tattooed skin during exercise. Sixteen recreational exercisers [female (50%)] (age = 25–48 years) with ≥ 1 unilateral permanent tattoo [median tattoo age = 6 years, IQR = 5] on the arm/torso completed an outdoor group fitness session. There were no significant differences between tattooed and non-tattooed skin for sweat EGF, IL-1α, IL-8, cortisol, glucose, BUN, or lactate concentrations. There were no significant differences between tattooed and non-tattooed skin for sweat EGF, IL-1α, IL-8, cortisol, glucose, BUN, or lactate excretion rate. Findings suggest that permanent tattoos older than 1 year may not impact local sweat EGF, IL-1α, IL-8, cortisol, glucose, BUN, and lactate concentrations or excretion rates during exercise. Clinical trial identifier NCT04920266 was registered on June 9, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Henna, commonly used as a hair dye, is also used for temporary tattoos. It is commonly mixed with para‑phenylenediamine (PPD) to enhance color intensity, which may induce cutaneous sensitization. Aim: This study aimed to describe the clinicodemographic features of patients with dermatological reactions to henna tattoos. Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study, included patients with dermatological reactions to henna tattoos. All the patients were subjected to entire medical history including clinicodemographic data and general and dermatological examinations. Results: This study included 17 female patients with a mean age of 26.88 ± 6.6 years. Of these 17 patients; 41.2% were suburban residents, 58.8% were housewives, 70.6% were married, and 47.1% were middle socioeconomic class and 53% had type IV Fitzpatrick skin. All used black color and commercial henna for cosmetic purposes, 41.2% used market henna, and 35.3% used coiffeur henna. Many (70.6%) had localized reactions with 23.5% presenting with reaction of hands, 64.7% had acute eczematous reactions, and all had a progressive course. The mean duration of the reaction was 6.76 ± 2.6 days. The mean latency time of the reaction was 2.7 ± 0.85 days. Conclusion: This study concluded that public awareness of possible cutaneous reactions to henna tattoos should be increased. The health authority legislation should control the use of black henna to minimize the consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her autofictional writings, Marta Sanz exhibits herself tattooing her own middle-aged, diseased body before the public gaze. Her body could be any woman’s body: it becomes a privileged locus from which to examine a sense of vulnerability that exceeds the author herself. Sanz’s work serves as an entry point to the study of an emerging mode of socially committed autofiction produced by a transgenerational group of contemporary feminist authors, including Paula Bonet, Layla Martínez and Sara Torres. I turn to the works of Jacques Rancière and Sara Ahmed to examine how the aesthetics of these texts might affect the reader, thereby shedding light on the political – the relations to be established between what is seen and what is imaginable; what is done and what can be done –. The life writings recently published by Bonet, Martínez, Sanz and Torres, I sustain, signal the passage from a centripetal and patriarchal model of autofiction, where the author monologues with himself, to a centrifugal model, where the author reaches out to her audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the number of people acquiring tattoos has increased, with tattoos gaining significant popularity in people between 20 and 40 years old. Inflammation is a common reaction associated with tattooing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nanostructured lipid carrier loading pranoprofen (PRA-NLC) as a tattoo aftercare formulation to reduce the inflammation associated with tattooing. In this context, the in vitro drug release and the ex vivo permeation-through-human-skin tests using Franz cells were appraised. The tolerance of our formulation on the skin was evaluated by studying the skin's biomechanical properties. In addition, an in vivo anti-inflammatory study was conducted on mice skin to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation applied topically after tattooing the animals. PRA-NLC showed a sustained release up to 72 h, and the amount of pranoprofen retained in the skin was found to be 33.48 µg/g/cm2. The formulation proved to be well tolerated; it increased stratum corneum hydration, and no signs of skin irritation were observed. Furthermore, it was demonstrated to be non-cytotoxic since the cell viability was greater than 80%. Based on these results, we concluded that PRA-NLC represents a suitable drug delivery carrier for the transdermal delivery of pranoprofen to alleviate the local skin inflammation associated with tattooing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several cases of elastofibromatous lesion affecting the oral mucosa have been reported. Clinically, these lesions may appear as small exophytic lesions or less often as white lesions. Therefore, fibrous hyperplasia and leukoplakia are not uncommonly considered in clinical differential diagnosis. Microscopically, elastic and fibrous connective tissue deposition is seen. Rarely, elastofibromatous changes can be detected when assessing intraoral lesions, including cysts, salivary gland neoplasms, and epithelial dysplasia. Here we report two oral lesions showing elastofibromatous changes, expanding their clinicopathological spectrum. The first case was a 46‐year‐old man with a history of asymptomatic nodular lesion on the palate 1 year ago, diagnosed as giant cell fibroma with elastofibromatous changes. The second case was a 79‐year‐old woman who presented a pigmented and mildly symptomatic lesion on the mandibular alveolar mucosa several months ago, diagnosed as amalgam tattoo associated with elastofibromatous changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Punk Rock Museum in Las Vegas attempts to capture the history and impact of punk music. Founded by "Fat Mike" Burnett, lead singer of NOFX, the museum features exhibits that provide a chronological and geographical overview of punk music, as well as interactive experiences such as playing guitars and getting tattooed. However, the museum lacks narrative context and fails to address the genre's history of racism and misogyny. While punks and fans of punk music may feel welcome, casual visitors may find the museum uninviting and lacking educational value. [Extracted from the article]

In recent decades, tattooing has become a form of social and artistic expression. To apply a tattoo, the skin is marked by the internal injection of ink in the skin. Hence, it includes human health exposure to metals since the tattoo ink composition includes such elements. The present paper reports the determination and quantification of 8 elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb) in twenty tattoo ink colors available in the Greek market imported from the USA and China. The elemental content was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted digestion. A comparison was carried out between the results of the present study and the maximum permitted concentrations as proposed in the ResAP and EPA guidelines, while the level of dermal exposure due to pigment application through ink injection was also estimated. All inks contained Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb, while the content of As, Cd, and Co was below the detection limit in certain samples. Mercury was determined in three samples. Chromium, Cu, and Ni were present in the highest concentrations, while Cd and Hg contents were in general low. Most elements presented their maximum levels in the brown ink originating from USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professionalism has been discussed and defined in a variety of ways, including attire and other forms of self-expression. To determine athletic trainer (AT), physical therapist (PT), and athletic training or PT students' perceptions of appearance-based professionalism in the workplace and, secondly, to ascertain how perceptions differed across professions. Cross-sectional study. Web-based survey. Athletic trainers, PTs, and athletic training and PT students who were predominantly White, non-Hispanic, female, aged 30 ± 9 years, and recruited via listservs and social media. The independent variables were participant demographics. The dependent variables were self-reported perceptions of professionalism for each photo. The survey consisted of 3 sections: demographics, 8 photos of ATs or PTs with depictions of patient-provider interactions, and open-ended responses. For each photo, participants selected yes, no, or unsure regarding the photo. An open-ended response was prompted with a no or unsure selection. The participant further described the reason for that choice. Most participants determined the health care provider depicted in 7 photos appeared professional. Only 1 photo was deemed unprofessional by the professional majority. Significant differences existed between students and professionals for 5 photos. The proportion of participants who reported the photos were unprofessional differed among professions for 2 photos. From our qualitative analysis, we found 6 domains: (1) unprofessional attire and hair, (2) situation-dependent attire, (3) role confusion and health care employer or employee identification, (4) nonappearance related, (5) tattoo-related bias, and (6) rethinking after question is displayed. What is considered appropriate and professional is not concrete. Differing concepts of professionalism generated biased judgments and criticisms. Our findings should lead providers to reexamine the definition of professionalism. The past should not dictate the future, and today's social mores can help shape the definition as it should be considered in today's settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body modifications consist in changing the appearance. They gain more and more popularity. The most popular forms of body modification are tattooing and piercing. The aim of the study is a longitudinal assessment of the prevalence of body modifications in the form of tattoos and piercings among students of pharmacy at the Medical University of Lublin and their knowledge about the possible complications of such interventions. The study was conducted using a validated questionnaire. The study with the participation of first-year pharmacy students was conducted in 2017, and with the participation of sixth-year pharmacy students in 2022. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. The respondents approved the modification in the form of piercings in the ears to the greatest extent, and invasive body modifications to the least extent. The percentage of people having body modifications has not changed significantly over time, but their awareness of the possible complications of such procedures has increased. Piercings and tattoos, in the opinion of pharmacy students, are not stigmatizing. The knowledge of future pharmacists about the possible complications of piercing and tattooing increases with the duration of their studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is water processable, thermally stable, and highly conductive, PEDOT:PSS and its composites have been considered to be one of the most promising flexible thermoelectric materials. However, the PEDOT:PSS film prepared from its commercial aqueous dispersion usually has very low conductivity, thus cannot be directly utilized for TE applications. Here, a simple environmental friendly strategy via femtosecond laser irradiation without any chemical dopants and treatments was demonstrated. Under optimal conditions, the electrical conductivity of the treated film is increased to 803.1 S cm−1 from 1.2 S cm−1 around three order of magnitude higher, and the power factor is improved to 19.0 μW m−1 K−2, which is enhanced more than 200 times. The mechanism for such remarkable enhancement was attributed to the transition of the PEDOT chains from a coil to a linear or expanded coil conformation, reduction of the interplanar stacking distance, and the removal of insulating PSS with increasing the oxidation level of PEDOT, facilitating the charge transportation. This work presents an effective route for fabricating high‐performance flexible conductive polymer films and wearable thermoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing popularity of tattoo art, including facial cosmetic tattoos, has led to a growing societal acceptance of tattoos. However, complications such as lip inflammation following cosmetic lip tattoos remain a concern. This article presents the case of a 47-year-old Asian woman who experienced recurrent lip swelling, purulent discharge, and scarring after receiving lip tattoos. Despite previous treatment with corticosteroid injections yielding unsatisfactory results, the patient showed significant improvement with topical application of 2% Crisaborole, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. Crisaborole modulates intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, thereby reducing tissue inflammation and swelling associated with chronic cheilitis. Additionally, pulse laser therapy was effective in addressing residual tattoo pigment and scar tissue. This case highlights the therapeutic challenges of managing chronic inflammatory diseases of the lips secondary to cosmetic tattoos and introduces Crisaborole as a promising treatment option, offering insights for managing similar conditions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Unknown etiology Background: Over the past 30 years, painful reactions during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in tattooed individuals have been sporadically reported. These complications manifest as burning pain in tattooed skin areas, occasionally with swelling and redness, often leading to termination of the scanning. The exact cause is unclear, but iron oxide pigments in permanent make-up or elements in carbon black tattoos may play a role. Additionally, factors like tattoo age, design, and color may influence reactions. The existing literature lacks comprehensive evidence, leaving many questions unanswered. Case Report: We present the unique case of a young man who experienced recurring painful reactions in a recently applied black tattoo during multiple MRI scans. Despite the absence of ferrimagnetic ingredients in the tattoo ink, the patient reported intense burning sensations along with transient erythema and edema. Interestingly, the severity of these reactions gradually decreased over time, suggesting a time-dependent factor contributing to the problem. This finding highlights the potential influence of pigment particle density in the skin on the severity and risk of MRI interactions. We hypothesize that the painful sensations could be triggered by excitation of dermal C-fibers by conductive elements in the tattoo ink, likely carbon particles. Conclusions: Our case study highlights that MRI-induced tattoo reactions may gradually decrease over time. While MRI scans occasionally can cause transient reactions in tattoos, they do not result in permanent skin damage and remain a safe and essential diagnostic tool. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these reactions and explore preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Invisible ink tattoos (IITs) avoid cosmetic permanence of visible ink tattoos (VITs) while serving as more reliable landmarks for radiation setup than tattooless setups. This trial evaluated patient-reported preference and feasibility of IIT implementation. Methods and materials: In an IRB-approved, single institution, prospective trial, patients receiving proton therapy underwent IIT-based treatment setup. A survey tool assessed patient preference on tattoos using a Likert scale. Matched patients treated using our institutional standard tattooless setup were identified; treatment times and image guidance requirements were evaluated between tattooless and IIT-based alignment approaches. Distribution differences were estimated using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests or Chi-square tests. Results: Of 94 eligible patients enrolled, median age was 58 years, and 58.5% were female. Most common treatment sites were breast (18.1%), lung (17.0%) and pelvic (14.9%). Patients preferred to receive IITs versus VITs (79.8% pre-treatment and 75.5% post-treatment, respectively). Patients were willing to travel farther from home to avoid VITs versus IITs (p<0.01). Females were willing to travel (45.5% vs. 23.1%; p=0.04) and pay additional money to avoid VITs (34.5% vs. 5.1%; p<0.01). Per-fraction average +treatment time and time from on table/in room to first beam were shorter with IIT-based vs. tattooless setup (12.3min vs. 14.1min; p=0.04 and 24.1min vs. 26.2min; p=0.02, respectively). Discussion: In the largest prospective trial on IIT-based radiotherapy setup to date, we found that patients prefer IITs to VITs. Additionally, IIT-based alignment is an effective and efficient strategy in comparison with tattooless setup. Standard incorporation of IITs for patient setup should be strongly considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heightened awareness of ethnic dermatology aligns with the growing prevalence of skin of color communities globally, where hyperpigmentation disorders pose a common dermatological challenge. Effectively addressing dermal pigmentation is challenging due to its resistance to conventional therapies and its association with impaired quality of life. This underscores the need for effective treatments and a thorough grasp of laser advancements. A relevant literature search spanning the last 7 years across the PubMed database reveals core studies, challenges, and the evolution of laser technologies tailored for various forms of congenital and acquired dermal hyperpigmentation in skin of color. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms, applications, and recommendations for pigmentary laser technologies, highlighting the key role of Q-switched lasers in their established millisecond/ nanosecond forms and emerging picosecond lasers, fractional non-ablative and ablative lasers, Intense Pulsed Light, etc. The summary of evidence includes studies on dermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota and Hori's nevus), tattoos, acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation, etc., and also entities with mixed epidermal–dermal components, such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The review offers valuable insights for clinicians to make informed decisions based on diagnosis, skin type, and the latest technologies to optimize results and minimize complications, especially in darker Fitzpatrick skin types. In their five-year study with 122 Indian patients, the authors applied specific laser combinations for diverse dermal melanoses, including tattoos, dermal/mixed melasma, acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation, and dermal nevi. Substantial pigmentation reduction, subjectively assessed by both physicians and patients, was observed across all groups. A one-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in mean improvement scores across various pigmentary conditions (F = 3.39, p = 0.02), with melasma patients exhibiting a significantly higher improvement score than tattoos (p = 0.03). The results affirmed the safety and efficacy of sequential laser therapy for dermal pigmentation in skin of color, advocating for flexibility in approach while maintaining the rationale behind the laser sequences. Despite advancements, challenges persist, and gaps in the current literature are identified. In conclusion, this summary highlights the ongoing pursuit of optimal protocols in dermatological laser treatments for dermal melanoses, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The current state of data offers only insufficient possibilities for the risk assessment of tattoo inks. Furthermore, the long‐term exposure, the potential long‐term damage and the causes of many diseases associated with tattoos are not known (yet). Researchers from different countries are working on this question with the intention of understanding as much as possible about tattoos. This knowledge may then be applied to produce safer tattoo inks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Shirts Powdered Red: Haudenosaunee Gender, Trade, and Exchange across Three Centuries" by Maeve E. Kane and "Under the Skin: Tattoos, Scalps, and the Contested Language of Bodies in Early America" by Mairin Odle are two books that explore the political implications of bodily alterations during settler colonialism in North America. Kane's book focuses on Haudenosaunee women from 1600 to 1900, while Odle's book covers a narrower time frame and multiple Native American societies. Both books provide insights into the complexities of colonial-Indigenous interactions and shed light on the state of eighteenth-century imperial studies. The books examine the erasure of Indigenous histories and the adoption of Native adorning customs by settlers, highlighting the contested narratives surrounding these practices. [Extracted from the article]