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Introduction. Peri-implantitis is a non-specific inflammation, induced or maintained in the host tissues. Peri-implantitis usually presents a succession of specific symptoms, such as: bleeding on palpation, mobility of the dental implant, pain, increased depth of the pockets located around dental implants. Purpose. Thus, in this material we wanted to carry out a review of the main notions, both theoretical and practical, which characterize the diseases of surrounding tissues of dental implant called peri-implantitis. Material and method. For this study, we used 31 practitioners from Bucharest who frequently perform implant-prosthetic rehabilitation treatments, based on a questionnaire consisting of 6 questions. Results and discussions. The doctors included in the study showed that they have a thorough training in the field of implant-prosthetic restorations and of course in the diagnosis and treatment of peri-implantitis. Conclusions. In-depth knowledge of the notions related to peri-implantitis leads to an early diagnosis, favoring the rapid application of a treatment that prevents the occurrence of subsequent complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Prosthetic restoration of single tooth edentation produced by the loss of the permanent first molar (6-year molar), regardless of its location (maxillary or mandibular), represents a challenge for any dentist. Purpose. In this study we tried to present some theoretical and practical aspects regarding the advantages of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, regarding the advantages of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation compared to the classic prosthetic rehabilitation, for the restoration of the 6-year molar single tooth edentation, taking into account both the opinions of the dentists and the preferences of the patients. Material and method. The study was conducted between April 15 and June 30, 2018 on a group of 39 dentists, based on a questionnaire with 8 questions. Results and discussion. The results obtained from the analysis of the answers given to the 8 questions, have been exposed in a varied iconography for easier understanding. Conclusion. The most important aspect of this study is that most practitioners have recommended fixed prosthetic restorations on implant support, because of their superior advantages, compared with fixed prosthetic restorations with aggregation on the teeth bordering the edentulous breach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Reliable and rigorous, the new techniques and procedures of oral implantology have rapidly evolved, having an important place in the therapeutic plan elaboration, for the prosthetic restoration of different forms of edentation, especially single tooth edentation. Purpose. Through this study we want to implement among the dental professionals, some notions of theoretical and practical character, regarding certain therapeutic implant-prosthetic flows for restoring single tooth edentations regardless of location. Material and method. The study was carried out with the help of an 8-point questionnaire, applied to a study group composed of 45 dentists in Romania. Resultsand discussion. The results of this study create a clear picture of how physicians know and apply the concepts related to implant supported prosthetic rehabilitation. Conclusion. Implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of single tooth edentations is a safe treatment method, with few surgical complications and minimal bone loss, an aspect that also results from the answers of the doctors participating in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropologists recognized the tallness of nations in the Dinaric Alps long time ago (Popovic et al, 2013). As the modern Montenegrins fall partly into the Dinaric racial classification (Bjelica et al., 2012), the purpose of this study was to examine the body height in Montenegrin female adolescents from central region as well as the relationship between arm span as an alternative to estimating the body height, which would vary from region to region in Montenegro. Method: Our investigation analyses 593 female adolescents from the central region in Montenegro. The anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Means and standard deviations regarding the anthropometric measurements were obtained. A comparison of means of body heights and arm spans within this gender group were carried out using a t-test. The relationships between body height and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients and their 95% confidence interval. Then a linear regression analysis was performed to examine the extent to which the arm span can reliably predict body height. Results: The results displayed that female Central-Montenegrins are 169.24±11.61cm tall and have an arm span of 168.03±10.34cm. Discussion: Compared to other studies, the results of this study have shown that this gender made Central- Macedonians the tall population, taller than general female population in Montenegro (Bjelica et al., 2012). On the other hand, expectably, the arm span reliably predicts body height in this gender. However, the estimation equations which have been obtained in Central-Montenegrins are, different alike in general population, since arm span was shorter than the body heights (1.21±1.27 centimetres), much more than in general population (Bjelica et al., 2012). This confirms the necessity for developing separate height models for each region in Montenegro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropologists recognized the tallness of nations in the Dinaric Alps long time ago (Popovic et al, 2013). As the modern Montenegrins fall partly into the Dinaric racial classification (Bjelica et al., 2012), the purpose of this study was to examine the body height in Montenegrin male adolescents from central region as well as the relationship between arm span as an alternative to estimating the body height, which would vary from region to region in Montenegro. Method: Our investigation analyses 548 male adolescents from the central region in Montenegro. The anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Means and standard deviations regarding the anthropometric measurements were obtained. A comparison of means of body heights and arm spans within this gender group were carried out using a t-test. The relationships between body height and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients and their 95% confidence interval. Then a linear regression analysis was performed to examine the extent to which the arm span can reliably predict body height. Results: The results displayed that male Central-Montenegrins are 183.66±6.93 cm tall and have an arm span of 184.99±8.30cm. Discussion: Compared to other studies, the results of this study have shown that this gender made Central- Macedonians the tall population, taller than general male population in Montenegro (Bjelica et al., 2012). On the other hand, expectably, the arm span reliably predicts body height in this gender. However, the estimation equations which have been obtained in Central-Montenegrins are, different alike in general population, since arm span was closer to body heights (1.33±1.37 centimetres), more than in general population (Bjelica et al., 2012). This confirms the necessity for developing separate height models for each region in Montenegro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropologists recognized the tallness of nations in the Dinaric Alps long time ago. As the modern Bosnian and Herzegovinian fall more into the Dinaric racial classification, the purpose of this study was to examine the body height in Bosnian and Herzegovinian adults as well as the relationship between arm span as an alternative to estimating the body height and body height, which vary in different ethnic and racial groups. The nature and scope of this study analyzes 212 students (178 men, aged 22.42±2.79 and 34 women, aged 21.56±2.06) from the University of Banjaluka to be subjects. The anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of the ISAK. Means and standard deviations were obtained. A comparison of means of body heights and arm spans within each gender group and between genders were carried out using a t-test. The relationships between body height and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients and their 95% confidence interval. Then a linear regression analysis was performed to examine the extent to which the arm span can reliably predict body height. The results have shown that male Bosnian and Herzegovinians are 183.87±7.11 cm tall and have an arm span of 184.50±8.28 cm, while female Bosnian and Herzegovinians are 171.82±6.56 cm tall and have an arm span of 169.85±8.01 cm. Compared to other studies, the results of this one have shown that both genders make Bosnian and Herzegovinian population one of the tallest nations on the earth, maybe the tallest one. Moreover, the arm span reliably predicts body height in both genders. However, the estimation equations, which were obtained in Bosnian and Herzegovinians, are substantially different alike in other populations, since arm span was close to body heights: in men 0.73±1.17 cm more than the body height and in women 1.97±1.45 centimeters less than the body height. This confirms the necessity for developing separate height models for each population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For estimation of psychomotor and sensor abilities different kinds of tests are used in the form of devices representing different technical devices which help examining sensomotor and psychomotor functions in certain conditions, as well as more complex motor abilities and skills that depend on CNS characteristics, vegetative nervous system and other functional systems and body states. These devices can be used for examining some parameters of psychomotor functions-such as speed of reaction through reactiometer or devices for examining sensor abilities-such as audiometer, ortoriter, color tests etc. In the scope of examining psychomotor skills and abilities, frequently used are different kinds of tests in the forms of devices serving for measuring ocultomotor coordination-such as Omega and Sinusoida, then Tumer's device for measuring coordination and dissociation of hands' movements with visible control, O-Conor's dexterimeter and Medeo's dexterimeter-used for examining dexterity of fingers, Tremometer for examining hand stability and preciseness of movements, Minesota test for examining dexterity of hands and taping tests like "paper-pen" for examining speed and accuracy of simple movements. For examining more complex sensomotor abilities or different motor skills, special tests are used in the form of simulator, simulator and different technical devices, adjusted to specific sports situation. This category of tests includes different kinds of simulators and simulators used for examining certain aspects of sports activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The techniques and classical methods used to make fixed prosthetic restorations may involve recycled metal alloys from previous castings. The article presents an assessment of the procedures that dental technicians apply, the principles and criteria that are at the base of their choices and decisions when they use metal alloys in fixed pros)thetic restorations. Objective. The article aims at the identification of the practices used by dental technicians in Romania when man)ufacturing non-noble metal alloys prosthetic suprastructures. Material and method. The data collection methodology is an attribute of both quantitative and qualitative re)search. Results. Over 50% of the dental laboratories are using classical methods of processing metal alloys, 82% of dental technicians use non-noble alloys (Cr-Ni, Cr-Co). 60.7% apply the recycling technique by reusing alloys and 46.4% of them are reusing the materials. Defining factors for choosing recycling process are determined on "personal appreciation based on experience in the field" and "financial-economic" criteria. Discussions. Scientific studies investigating the negative effects of recycling processes used for fixed prosthetic suprastructures emphasize on microstructural and chemical changes, consequences on the mechanical strength of the materials. They underline the strength in acidic environment, significant long-term toxic contribution in relation to the acidic environment of the oral cavity. Conclusions. The predominant use of classical laboratory methods favours the over - reuse of alloys left overs from previous melts as well as materials. The effects of these techniques are drastic and the cautious use is fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Any new class of materials almost always brings with it a new processing technology, regardless of the field in which it is operated. If this technology is not fully respected, all the benefits and performance of the material can be compromised. Purpose. In this material we tried not only a familiarization of the dental technicians, but rather their awareness regarding the polymerization processes, which intervene in various technologies for creating prosthetic restorations of any kind. Material and method. For this study, 53 dental technicians, who have completed various forms of schooling, answered 10 questions related to the different forms of polymerization used in the dental technology. Results and discussions. The answers obtained give us an image regarding the knowledge of the practitioners in this field, but also the way in which the theoretical knowledge is verified in practice by the daily experience of the respondents. Conclusion. There is a variation in the accumulated knowledge, a variation that can be based both on the studies followed by each participant in the study and on how they use the materials discussed in this article in daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Starting from a very recent event on the market of disinfectants, where for many years very diluted disinfectant products were marketed in Romania, the antimicrobial activity being non-existent, we tried, on the basis of simple experiments, to study the antimicrobial efficiency of the active substances of some common products used on impression materials in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, but also in classical dental prosthetics and in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, products approved and used in the European Union. Material and method. 7 decontamination and/or disinfectant products were tested for qualitative screening for the sensitivity to different microbial strains as well as for quantitative testing of antimicrobial activity. Results and discussions. The study results for the two objectives are influenced by the active substances of the tested products. Conclusions. Decontamination of dental impressions must also become a certainty in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, in classical dental prosthetics and in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics even if this work is disregarded and ignored by many practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The adhesion ability of microorganisms present in the oral microbial plaque is a certainty for solid surfaces at this level (including coronal restorations, classical prosthetic restorations and implantsupported restorations fixed and mobile, orthodontic appliances). Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to demonstrate the ability of these microorganisms from the oral cavity to adhere on the surface of some common impression materials used in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Material and method. The study was conducted on the main impression materials used in implant supported prosthetic restorations as well as in dental medicine: irreversible hydrocolloids, zinc oxide eugenol pastes, polyethers, condensation and addition silicones. The study was conducted between June and July 2017. Results and discussions. With the help of microorganisms isolated from the 87 patients, an inoculation of standard samples of impression materials was performed. Verification of adherence was achieved at different time intervals, the results being significant. Conclusions. For the tested materials, it was noted that the degree of adhesion was either influenced by the products incorporated in the base substance or by the secondary products resulted from chemical setting of material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In order to achieve the goals of oral implantology, it is of great importance to obtain tissue integration (bone and epithelial) of dental implants. Bone integration has the role of rigidly fixing the dental implant at the level of the supporting bone, while ensuring the transfer of masticatory forces to the neighboring bone, while the soft tissues integration has the role of creating a barrier around these medical devices, with the role of protecting the underlying bone and preventing the access of microorganisms. Purpose. In this material we wanted to perform a statistical analysis on the gingival integration and osseointegration of dental implants in the oral cavity. Material and method. The analysis was performed on a number of 21 patients with a total of 97 dental implants, approximately one year after the prosthetic loading of the implants. The analysis was based on bleeding index, gingival index but also on the depth of the peri-implant canal and bone resorption around the implant. Results and discussions. Most of the implants analyzed showed no signs of inflammation. A small number (less than 30%) showed incipient signs of inflammation, falling within the data in the literature. Conclusions. Early detection of tissue changes around the implant and proper treatment will reduce the risk of more serious injuries and implant failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on the functional three-dimensional positioning of the future restoration are important for planning a prosthetic guided insertion of the dental implants. Errors can occur in the digital and analogous process of analysis, design and production of the surgical guides, possibilities of minimizing them being vital for obtaining a predictable surgical and prosthetic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of first permanent molars, maxillary and/or mandibular, can lead in time, due to the lack of prosthetic restoration, to a series of complications, some of high gravity, which can cause not only severe difficulties in subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation, but also substantial additional costs for patients. Purpose. Thus, in this material we tried to bring to the attention of dental practitioners the most truthful arguments, for a fixed prosthetic restoration as early and efficient as possible. Material and method. 53 dental practitioners, from different cities of the country, took part in this study conducted between May 2017 and April 2019. Results and discussions. The answers obtained by applying the questionnaire were analyzed statistically and exposed for a better understanding by clear graphical methods. Conclusions. The restoration of this type of single tooth edentation produced by the absence of the 6-yearold molar, regardless of location (maxillary and / or mandibular), is considered by most dental practitioners to be relatively simple, regardless of the therapeutic option selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This age period after 12 years is characterized by an increase in all dimensions of all the anatomical structures of the individuals, under the influence of new factors that interfere with the general tonus of the body. Purpose. Thus, in this paper, we approached certain aspects of both theoretical and practical that may occur in the formation and development of dento-maxillary system in the age period of 12 years (after some authors, up to the age of 21 years). Material and method. The study was conducted between May 12 and June 25 2018 with the help of 55 dental practitioners. Results and discussions. The analysis of the answers provided by the participants in the study was performed by means of specific research methods. The results are eloquent and provide an overview of how dental practitioners manage the eruption of the wisdom tooth in the developmental processes of the dento-maxillary system. Conclusions. The eruption of the wisdom tooth is a certain element of growth, which must be taken into account in the future therapeutic approach of the morpho-functional imbalances of the dento-maxillary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the dento-maxillary system from the very beginning to the age of 12 implies a multitude of changes in the structure of this system. In the age of growth a sequence of deviations from the morphology and function of the dento-maxillary system appear. Purpose. In this paper, we have approached certain aspects of both theoretical and practical aspects that may intervene in the formation and development of dento-maxillary system in preschool age (up to 6 years). Material and methods. 75 dental practitioners from of different specialities from Bucharest were involved in this study between April 15 and May 20, 2018. To carry out a relevant survey a 6 items questionaire was used. Result and discussions. The results obtained were structured for a better understanding and to have a clear view for further study directions. Conlcusions. The dentist have the most important role in detecting disturbances that may have a negative effect on formation and development of dento-maxillary system and also is the one who guide prophylactic actions of preschool age children to avoid negative effect on dento-maxillary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental medicine is an extremely complex medical field, comprising several specialties (orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, prosthodontics, dental surgery, endodontics etc.), which in most cases also require the assistance of a dental nurse. Purpose. In this paper, we have tried to present a number of very interesting ergonomic aspects in the dental office, which aim at simplifying work at this level. Material and method. This study was conducted between May and July 2018 using a questionaire applied to a number of 69 dental practitioners from Bucharest. Results and discussions. Results obtained in this study give us an image about how current dental practitioners understand ergonomics in daily practice. Conlclusions. All the aspects discussed in this study have an important role in the ergonomy of daily activity of a dental office. More important is that the majority of dentists involved in the stuty understand and apply the ergonomic concepts underlined by this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implant-prosthetic rehabilitation (both the surgical step of inserting dental implants and also the stage of creating the implant-supported prosthetic restorations) in smokers patients poses particular problems not only for the medical team but also for the patients (and here we refer in particular to the average number of cigarettes smoked daily). Purpose. In this paper we have attempted to present a multitude of factors both theoretical and practical, which can intervene in the implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of heavy smoker patients. Material and method. The study was conducted between April 2018 and November 2018 by applying a questionnaire with 6 questions. The 31 subjects enrolled in the study were aged between 29 to 67years old, specialists and/or primary doctors of general dentistry, dental prosthodontics or dental surgery. Results and discussions. Centralized results have been processed to provide a clearer picture of the current attitude towards heavy smokers for oral rehabilitation with the implant-supported restorations. Conclusions. The insertion of dental implants and subsequent creation of implant-supported restorations are not an interdiction for heavy smokers (up to 60 cigarettes a day) but requires the involvement of both the medical team and especially the patients in the follow-up care period to increase long-term success of dental implants and prosthetic restorations made thereon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gingival integration, also known as epithelio-conjunctive integration, together with bone integration, is one of the main processes involved in the tissue integration of dental implants. Unfortunately, many practitioners treat this gingival integration with great superficiality, considering it to be an insignificant factor in this highly complex process of tissue integration of dental implants. Purpose. In this study, we intend to define very precisely the concept of "gingival integration" or "epithelial-conjunctive integration" and to introduce it as a specialized term in the basic vocabulary of implantologists. Material and method. A questionnaire based on 5 questions was used to carry out this study. The study group was composed of 64 implantologist (all subjects are holders of a degree after following a competence program in oral implantology in Bucharest). The study was conducted between October 2015 and November 2018. Results and discussions. The responses of the 64 practitioners have been analyzed and structured for a simple understanding, being extremely important for future research directions. Conclusions. Following the analysis of the results of this study we consider that the concept of "gingival integration" of dental implants requires more attention from practitioners, which will be reflected in the long-term success of dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This clinical study evaluated the outcome of bone regeneration using an open-healing approach. We performed 80 atraumatic extraction with socket preservation in n=69 patients (0.98 sex ratio). Post extraction sockets were filled with platelet-rich autologous plasma factors Endoret® (PRGF®) clots covered with fibrin membrane and were left exposed during healing. The bone volume was measured and the need for an additional augmentation in the implant stage was assessed using CBCT scans at t=8 weeks. This analysis showed that open healing technique using PRGF allowed uneventful healing and sufficient bone formation. Thereby, soft-tissue problems associated with extensive flap mobilization and tension may be avoided. We concluded that the use of PRGF in socket preservation with the open healing approach can be favorable from both clinical and radiological points of view. Furthermore, there was almost no need for additional augmentation in the implant stage and the number of complications was limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]