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Early modern theologians' concerns about the fashion industry's moral implications impacted tailoring practices and the evolution of clothing. Casuistry, a case-based moral reasoning method, helped to shape ethical norms, and tailors were not exempt from scrutiny, with some casuists emphasizing tailors' moral responsibility in ensuring decency and modesty. The tension between moral imperatives and economic realities caused some tailors to cite customer demands and the risk of losing clientele as reasons for producing immodest garments. This article highlights the complex interplay of morality, economics, and society in the fashion industry during the Early Modern Era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders have become more in recent decades. Primary causes being job environment and working conditions. Musculoskeletal disorders can be defined by the impairment of bodily structures and localized blood circulation caused primarily due to work or work environment. The tailoring industry of India is an unorganized sector and majority employees are from lower economic class. Hence despite of dis- comfort in working due to awkward posture and repetitive stress injury they are compelled to work bearing the unfavourable circumstances. Objectives: 1) To see the prevalence of risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in tailors by using Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. 2) To see the prevalence of risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in tailors by using REBA. Method: A descriptive community based cross sectional study was conducted in Vadodara city, Gujarat from December 2022 to May 2023. 50 tailors were taken as subjects for the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria from Vadodara city. Tailors were chosen by convenient and purposive sampling and were interviewed and assessed by approaching them at their work place and CMDQ and REBA scales were filled. Results: As per statistical analysis 14% were suffering from mild discomfort, 54% were suffering from moder- ate discomfort, whereas 32% complained of severe discomfort. Conclusion: A multidirectional approach including appropriate technique in terms of operators, posture and ergonomically sound workstation are required to avoid debilitating effects of musculoskeletal disorders among the workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Myofascial trigger points are hypersensitive nodules with distinct characteristics that cause pain at the location of trigger point and refer pain to the surrounding structures. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on tailors in the factories of twin cities of Pakistan. 349 male and female with the age of 20 to 60 years having complaint of myofascial trapezius trigger points were selected by Non probability convenient sampling technique. All the participants were assessed by using the Trapezius trigger points assessment form meanwhile forward head posture was assessed by using plumb line method. Results: Out of 349 participants 229(66.5%) were males and 120(33.5%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 34.13 ± 9.8 years. The results revealed that the frequency of active trigger points in trapezius muscle was 166(47.5%), latent (Passive trigger point) was 155(44.4%) and 28(8.1%) having mix type of trigger points. Frequency of Forward head posture shows 40(11.4%) were normal, 80(22.9%) were mild, 180(51.6%) were moderate and 49(14.1%) sever. Association between forward head posture and trigger points are high as P. Value was

Recent scholarship has shown that in cosmopolitan urban spaces, identities are flexible, and migrants often integrate smoothly. But Shanghainese and Cantonese tailors who migrated to Hong Kong after World War II developed a different trajectory of identity transformation. Instead of simply integrating into a single social collectivity based on claims to a common Chinese ethnicity, they forged separate diasporic identities according to their places of origin. By problematising the arrival of Shanghainese tailors and their interactions with Cantonese tailors in Hong Kong, this article shows that pride in a place-based identity along with a strong sense of exclusiveness facilitated the maintenance of social boundaries by the Shanghainese community against the Cantonese. It argues that despite the common Chinese-ness of both migrant communities, place of origin was employed as a critical form of social identification and differentiation, creating an as-yet insurmountable barrier to the amalgamation of the two Chinese communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased patterns of consumption during the late seventeenth century afforded new opportunities in the fashion trades for women, establishing mantua-making as an enduring form of female employment. The rise of these women has not been well documented in England or outside of the guilds, organisations that traditionally sought to marginalise the place of women in the craft trades. This article utilises verb and noun methodologies, alongside qualitative and quantitative analyses, to examine the household accounts of Queens Catherine of Braganza and Mary II dating from 1684–94. These accounts demonstrate that women's skilled work in an essential sector of pre-industrial labour was often characterised by ambiguity. Occupational titles, when given, often undersold the labour performed by women at this crucial time in a fast-evolving marketplace, where they competed with male tailors for patronage and favour. Early English dressmakers relied on their knowledge and training in both seamstressing and tailoring, their associations with new, fashionable and highly desirable French couturières and forms of female social capital for success. Significantly, the evidence found in their bills offers new ways of reconstructing women's work tasks, skills and recompense, challenging previously held assumptions about women's expertise during the early modern period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nineteenth century tailored overcoat, The Ladies' Ulster, is an important garment for dress and textile historians because it reframes our understanding of period women's attire through its untrimmed, waterproof and functional design. Despite this only a little research has been conducted on the garment. This article focuses on the evolution of the overcoat in the first two decades of its adoption. It examines the critical reception of the Ladies Ulster in the 1870 s when it was described initially as "eccentric-looking" (The Sportsman, November 15, 1873), and considers its design evolution to become considered by the end of the 1880 s a "a beau ideal lady's coat" (The Queen, June 18, 1887). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In theory, offering each sample member the mode sequence that maximizes their response propensity should increase the response rate and/or reduce the amount of nonresponse follow-up relative to a design that offers all sample members the same mode sequence. However, for this sort of tailoring to be feasible in a cross-sectional survey, it must be possible to use data available prior to data collection (e.g. on the sampling frame) to predict sample members' "mode-sensitivity"—the effect of the offered mode sequence on response propensity. Using data from randomized experiments incorporated into the 2016 and 2019 cycles of the National Household Education Survey, we evaluate whether data appended to an address-based sampling (ABS) frame can accurately predict the sensitivity of household-level response behavior to the initial offer of a paper questionnaire instead of a web instrument and whether a modeled-mode design that tailors the offered mode sequence (web-push vs. paper-only) based on the resulting predictions improves household-level data collection outcomes relative to a uniform web-push design. We find that several characteristics available on the ABS frame show statistically significant interactions with the offered mode sequence in determining the probability of response to initial survey mailings. Consequently, relative to a uniform web-push design, the modeled-mode design increased the response rate to early mailings and reduced the number of mailings required per response. However, the modeled-mode design did not meaningfully increase the final response rate, nor did it lead to a substantial reduction in indicators of nonresponse bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atrio: Revista de Historia del Arte is the property of Atrio. Revista de Historia del Arte - Universidad Pablo de Olavide and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The antimycobacterial peptides, rufomycins, have their antibiotic activity conferred by oxidative tailoring of the cyclic peptide. Here we elucidate the roles of cytochrome P450s RufS and RufM in regioselective epoxidation and alkyl oxidation respectively and demonstrate how RufM and RufS create a complex product profile dependent on redox partner availability. Finally, we report the in vitro one pot conversion of rufomycin B to rufomycin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vancomycin is a narrow therapeutic agent, and it is necessary to optimize the dose to achieve safe therapeutic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the significant covariates for vancomycin clearance and to optimize the dose among surgical patients in Pakistan. Methods: Plasma concentration data of 176 samples collected from 58 surgical patients treated with vancomycin were used in this study. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed on NONMEM® using plasma concentration–time data. The effect of all available covariates was evaluated on the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin by stepwise covariate modeling. The final model was evaluated using bootstrap, goodness-of-fit plots, and visual predictive checks. Results: The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin followed a one-compartment model with first-order elimination. The vancomycin clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd) were 2.45 L/h and 22.6 l, respectively. Vancomycin CL was influenced by creatinine clearance (CRCL) and body weight of the patients; however, no covariate was significant for its effect on the volume of distribution. Dose tailoring was performed by simulating dosage regimens at a steady state based on the CRCL of the patients. The tailored doses were 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 mg for patients with a CRCL of 20, 60, 100, and 140 ml/min, respectively. Conclusion: Vancomycin CL is influenced by CRCL and body weight of the patient. This model can be helpful for the dose tailoring of vancomycin based on renal status in Pakistani patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D semiconductors present tunable property with the physical dimension. Herein, an efficient strategy to modulate the band structure of ultrathin channel by dimension tailoring of the 2D materials is reported. In order to verify the practicability of this strategy, bulk‐MoS2/MoS2 nanoribbon (NR) homojunctions are constructed with a rectification ratio approaching up to 104 and an ideality factor of 1.77 which readily enable the fabrication of MoS2‐based metal‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors, and the bulk‐MoS2 and the MoS2 NR serve as gate and channel, respectively. The fabricated devices exhibit robust performance, such as high saturation current of 46 µA·µm−1 and high on–off ratio over 5 × 105 at room temperature. The output current presents a high value of 140 µA·µm−1 at 77 K, then decreases with temperature. Moreover, the fabricated inverter provides a voltage gain of 15.4 and a near‐ideal noise margin of 83% of supply voltage. This strategy indicates an alternative way to construct transistors based on the derivative of the same 2D material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) caused by occupational-related factors continue to place huge burdens on global workforces. Significant numbers of workers report potential adverse health outcomes related to the condition, such as physical injury, disability, and decline in quality of life. Occupational-related MSD also poses additional burdens to healthcare services and diminishes productivity at work. The condition usually worsens in informal sectors where the work environments are often poorly designed. This paper explored occupational and physical environmental factors that induce work-related neck and/or shoulder pains among self-employed tailors in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods We conducted across-sectional survey from April to May 2019 on 422 tailors selected with systematic random sampling technique. Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to measure pains in neck and/or shoulder, and the questionnaire was pretested and administered by interviewers. Work-related factors such as working posture, rest break, training in safety and health, and the availability of adjustable chairs at workplaces were assessed. The significance of associations was set at a

Tailor isone ofthe professions that has MSDsrisk. It isbecause of theworking posture, such as sitting for a long time and repetitive movements. The purpose of thisstudy is to determinerelationshipbetweenworking postures and Musculoskeletal Disordes (MSDs) of Tailors in Ulak Kerbau Baru VillageOgan Ilir. This research was an cross-sectional and method of sampling in this study was using totalsampling with sample were 75 respondents. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method was used assessed the risk of workingposture and questionnaires. Nordic Body Map was used determine of Musculoskeletal Disorders. The data is performed using univariate and bivariate with chi-square.Based on calculations used the REBA posture tailor working 42.7% of respondents has high risk and 57.3% has medium risk. Results of this analysis used statistical there were a significant relationship between age (p-value = 0.006 CI 1,730-25,281), working period (p-value = 0.023 CI 1,343-30,271), working posture (pvalue 0.027 CI 1,284-11,847), and the working time (p-value = 0.032 CI 1,145-74,602) with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), and there was no significant relationhips between the sexes (p-value = 0.610 CI 0,224-1,898) with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs).The majority of tailor work posture were at high risk, the researcher suggests to do intervention on modified factors, which are working postures and working time. Intervention can be done by using ergonomic work chair and make time to do stretch up (physical activity) every 30 minutes to reduce muscle fatigue.

This article details eighteenth-century English dressmaking through an in-depth, object-oriented exploration of garment construction practices and techniques from a maker's perspective. Building upon prior scholarship of women's work and aspects of pre-industrial English garment trades, this article employs primary and secondary source materials in conjunction with extensive object-based research of extant garments. The research findings outline exactly how pre-industrial English dressmakers' skills were nuanced, sophisticated and adaptive to making and remaking, as well as the personal, haptic connections they cultivated with their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: In the tailoring occupation, the tailors take different posture for performing the activities such as sewing and repair of clothes. In this job, several factors such as physical, individual and mental factors can be affected on the awkward postures of the persons during the work. Therefore they are exposed to the risk the musculoskeletal disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate muscle fatigue and to determine some of the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 tailors randomly selected in Shiraz. The required data were collected by using demographic characteristics, Nordic and general health questionnaires, and Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA) method. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 21 and were analyzed using logistic regression and chi-square test . Results: Most of the study participants were male (79.4%) and married (75.2%). The highest prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorders symptoms were reported in the lower back (57%). Also, the highest percentage of the individuals placed in the action level 3 (high) based on the MFA method, was related to the lower back. In this study 63.6% of individuals had general health. Conclusion: Marital status, posture, mental health, and working experience were the most important variables remained in the logistic regression model with an odds ratio were of greater than 1.21 in Tailors.

This study deals with the situation of rural masters in Moravia based on the example of a tailor and cobbler guild founded in Šlapanice in 1834. The author analyses different means of dependency of the rural masters on their home guild, the problems that were linked to this dependency, and the reasons for founding a new guild. This study also shows guild life in Moravia during the 19th century and all that was connected to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the main methodological approaches to the organization of the process of training future tailors using problem, project, problem-project training, which ensures the implementation of ideas of productive learning in vocational education, in which the educational process results in individual experience of productive activity. This allows to achieve the formation and development of "higher level competencies": the ability to take the initiative, take responsibility, persuade colleagues and justify his/her position; show strong-willed efforts in achieving longterm goals; to treat correctly the difficulties, problems, lack of knowledge to work in a team; look for and use information, publicly present the results of his/her work. The prerequisites for the application of problem-based learning technology are defined: dynamic changes in the professional activity of skilled light industry workers (tailors), who require increased competitiveness and mobility in the labor market, which leads to improving the content of vocational education in professional technical institutions. The appropriateness of using elements of problem and project learning for the organization of cognitive independence of students is revealed, which implements the paradigm of learning in activity, provides the integration of knowledge of different academic subjects around a certain common problem, has a positive effect on learning all components of the content of education at every lesson. The necessity of combining problem and project methods into a single - problem-project method - at the institutions of vocational and technical education in conducting theoretical and practical training, which intensifies the educational activities of future workers (tailors), provides a balance between theoretical and applied knowledge, deepens research, exploratory nature of educational process, makes effective the formation of key, general and professional competences, allows to form program learning outcomes and increase their practical status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vínculos de Historia is the property of Vinculos de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over recent years, various virtual prototyping technologies have been developed to innovate apparel industry. For each step of the garment design process one can find dedicated tools (from body acquisition to garment modelling and simulation) with the aim of making the process easier and faster. However, most of them are based on expensive solutions both for hardware and software systems. In this paper, we focus the attention on the first step of the made-to-measure garment design, i.e. customer’s measures acquisition. We present a plug-in, named Tailor Tracking, which permits to get the measurements by interacting with the customer’s avatar using hands as in the traditional way. Tailor Tracking has been developed using low cost devices, such as Microsoft Kinect sensor, Leap motion device and Oculus Rift, and open source libraries, such as Visualisation Toolkit (VTK) and Qt. The proposed approach is based on the use of multiple Kinect v2 to simultaneously acquire both customer’s body and motion. This permits to emulate the customer’s postures required to take the correct measurements. In addition, a virtual measuring tape is made available to replicate the one commonly used by the tailor. A men shirt has been considered as case study and a tailor and 14 people with no skills in garment design and different levels of experience in virtual reality technology have been involved to preliminary test Tailor tracking. Finally, tests as well as results reached so far are presented and discussed. Results have been considered quite good; however, some critical measures have been identified as well as future developments. Anyway, Tailor Tracking can represent an alternative solution to the existing approaches that automatically extract anthropometric measures from the customer’s avatar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]