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RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o efeito de dietas com diferentes níveis de energia no consumo de nutrientes, na produção e na composição do leite, no peso corporal e na relação benefício:custo de uma produção de cabras leiteiras. Foram utilizadas nove cabras, distribuídas em quadrado latino triplo 3 x 3. O ensaio teve duração de 60 dias, divididos em três períodos de 20 dias. Avaliaram-se rações completas contendo três níveis de energia: 65%, 70% e 75% de NDT. Os consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta e matéria mineral foram superiores (P0,05) nas cabras recebendo dietas contendo 70% e 75% de NDT, todavia foi superior (P0,05) para os parâmetros físico-químicos de gordura, lactose, proteína bruta, extrato seco desengordurado, densidade, sais e condutividade do leite. Portanto, cabras alimentadas com níveis de energia entre 70% e 75% de NDT na dieta total aumentam a produção de leite, porém 75% de NDT na dieta proporciona melhor relação benefício:custo, havendo, para cada R$ 1,00 no custo investido na alimentação, R$ 1,52 de retorno financeiro. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets with different energy levels on nutrient intake, milk production and composition, body weight and benefit:cost ratio of a dairy goat production. Nine goats were distributed in a triple 3 x 3 latin square design. The experiment lasted for 60 days, divided into three 20-day periods. Complete rations containing three energy levels were evaluated: 65%, 70% and 75% of TDN. The dry matter intake, crude protein and mineral matter consumption were higher (P 0.05) in goats receiving diets containing 70% and 75% TDN, but these diets produced more milk (P 0.05) in the physical-chemical parameters of fat, lactose, crude protein, defatted dry extract, density, salts and conductivity of the milk. Therefore, goats fed with diets of 70% and 75% of TDN in the total diet increased milk production. However, the diet with 75% of TDN provides a better benefit:cost ratio, as for every $ 1.00 in the cost invested, there was $ 1.52 of financial return.

This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba. Two experiments were performed: the first evaluated the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and determined the organic acids in cactus pear silages with the inclusion of five levels of maniçoba (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in six opening times (1, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days). The second experiment determined the nutrient intake, digestibility, water balance and nitrogen balance in Canindé goats fed diets based on cactus pear silage with the inclusion of four levels of maniçoba (25, 50, 75 and 100%), with six animals per treatment. The increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silage provided a linear increase in the butyric acid, dry matter (DM), ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, water intake via drinking fountain and metabolic water, and reduced the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, water intake via food, total water intake, water excreted in the faeces, water excreted in the urine, total water excretion and water balance. Quadratic behaviour was observed for N-NH3, DM recovery and propionic acid, with an increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silages. Regarding the different opening times, there was a significant effect in pH, N-NH3, acetic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid (P < 0.050). The inclusion of maniçoba in cactus pear silage improved the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality to be used in diets for goats. Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-19T01:13:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fermentation-profile-and-nutritional-2020.pdf: 327206 bytes, checksum: f4ac5b1eb20dbab7e1c460b91d268e51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Pornunça (Manihot sp.) is a potential forage to feed ruminants in drylands worldwide; however, evaluations of animal diets are necessary. This study assessed intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, physiological responses, ingestive behavior, water intake, as well as hematological and biochemical responses of lambs fed diets containing increasing levels of Pornunça silage (PS) replacing Tifton-85 bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). Treatments consisted of 0, 33, 66, and 100 % PS considering the roughage portion of the diet (% dry matter ? DM). The experimental design was completely randomized with six replicates. Cyanide acid (HCN) levels in fresh Pornunça leaves were 207.7 mg kg−1 DM and 76.78 mg kg−1 DM in PS. Intake of DM and crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) increased linearly with increasing levels of PS in the diet. Digestibility of DM, NDF, and CP were higher with increasing levels of PS. Idle time decreased linearly, while water balance, water intake via food, and total water in feces increased with PS. Nitrogen balance, physiological, and hematological responses were not influenced by treatments, while the final alanine aminotransferase increased for lambs fed all diets evaluated. The PS up to 100 % of the roughage portion increased DM and nutrient intake and digestibility without altering physiological responses and the hematological and biochemical parameters, resulting in greater water intake via food. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-06T13:20:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nutritional-physiological-hematological-Pornunca-2023.pdf: 121036 bytes, checksum: 1d48373aababb6e49b1aed80d91be95d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2023

The objective was to evaluate the effect of rainfall variability on the chemical composition, in vitro degradability and gas production of cacti in Semiarid region. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-27T13:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rainfall-variability-affects-the-chemical-composition-2022.pdf: 458833 bytes, checksum: 36dac7c7dbc666aaefda5c78cc7db948 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The selection of native forage species with yield potential under climate change scenarios can strengthen resilience of the Brazilian semiarid region. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing temperature on growth and morphological and yield responses of plants of the genus Manihot. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×9 factorial arrangement (two temperature regimes and nine genotypes). The increase in temperature promoted higher plant dry mass (PDM) for genotypes A:24, A:79, A:102, A:EL, and A:GO during establishment. The percentage of leaves was reduced with the highest temperatures in the establishment, except for genotypes A:20, A:21, and A:GO. The increase in temperature during regrowth increased leaf dry mass (LDM) and reduced the leaf to stem ratio, except for A:24, A:79, and A:102, which presented similar values at both temperatures. Species of the genus Manihot respond differently to the 4.8 °C increase in air temperature. The increase in temperature shows a positive impact on the biomass production of species of this genus. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-11T12:19:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rise-in-temperature-increases-2022.pdf: 115482 bytes, checksum: 40a9b59b152841e742be0c021eccf1d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and nutritional status of crossbred sheep fed a diet containing buffel grass silage (BGS) in substitution of corn silage (CS). Thirty-two male Santa Inês sheep with an average body weight of 20.09 ± 2.0 kg were distributed in a completely randomized block design with four treatments (0, 33.3, 66.6, and 100 % of substitution of corn silage with buffel grass silage) and eight animals per treatment. Dry matter intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, water balance, nitrogen balance, and productive performance of animals were evaluated. The different levels of substitution of corn silage by buffel grass silage promoted a linear decrease in the consumption of ether extract (P=0.001) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (P0.05) were observed in sheep productive performance, with an average daily weight gain of 140.16 g/d. The replacement of 66.6 % of CS for BGS provides satisfactory results for dry matter and nutrients intake, and water intake, with weight gain of up to 155 g/d for Santa Inês crossbred sheep in Brazilian semi-arid. Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-06T14:05:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Productive-performance-of-sheep-fed-buffel-grass-silage-in-replacement-2022.pdf: 698379 bytes, checksum: d2b96d4207ca9142da162582ec95bc2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

O espaçamento de plantio tem influenciado no crescimento e na produtividade da cultura, podendo variar em função das variedades e do manejo adotado. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os espaçamentos mais eficientes para o cultivo irrigado de duas variedades de sorgo forrageiro no Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por duas variedades de sorgo forrageiro: Sudão e Volumax; as subparcelas por oito espaçamentos, sendo três espaçamentos com fileira simples: 40x40, 50x50, 60x60 cm e cinco com fileiras duplas: 30x40, 30x50, 30x60, 40x50 e 40x60 cm e as subsubparcelas constituídas por dois ciclos de cultivo. Foram avaliadas: altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, área foliar e produtividade de biomassa fresca (PMF) e seca (PMS). A variedade Sudão apresentou maior altura de plantas, diâmetro de colmo, área foliar e PMS. Os arranjos de plantio nos espaçamentos de 30x40, 30x60 e 40x50 cm são mais eficientes para a variedade Sudão. Para a variedade Volumax, os arranjos de plantio do tipo fileiras simples com espaçamento de 40 cm entre fileiras e em sistema do tipo fileiras duplas nos espaçamentos de 30x60, 40x50 e 40x60 cm são os mais recomendados. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-05T19:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sorgo-forrageiro-2022.pdf: 758484 bytes, checksum: ea1f986480d4ad2a7be57ad9e5eb9673 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study aimed to assess the growth performance and nutritional status of sheep under intermittent water supply by means of performance, intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, water balance and nitrogen. Thirty-two intact male sheep (20.7 ± 2.63 kg, 8 months of age) were distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 water supply intervals via drinking trough (0h00, 24h00, 48h00, and 72h00), with 8 replicates. The extension in the water restriction period caused a reduction in the intake of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, digestible energy, and metabolizable energy (P < 0.05). The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber showed a linear decrease with increasing periods of water restriction (P < 0.05). Water intake via food, total water intake, and water excretion via feces showed a linear increase in response to an increase in the water supply interval (P < 0.05). Water intake via drinking, metabolic water, total water excretion and water balance presented a linear decrease, with increasing periods of water restriction (P < 0.05). Nitrogen intake and absorbed nitrogen were influenced by water restriction, presenting a linear decreasing trend according to water supply periods (P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain, and total weight gain, were influenced by the periods of water restriction, showing a linear reduction (P < 0.05). Feed conversion increased as the water restriction period increased (P=0.004). Intermittent water supply at intervals of up to 72h00 reduced nutrient intake and digestibility, resulting in a decrease in weight gain of the studied animals. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o estado nutricional de ovinos de ovinos submetidos à oferta intermitente de água, através do desempenho, consumo, digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, balanço hídrico e balanço de nitrogênio. Trinta e dois ovinos machos inteiros (20,7 ± 2,63 kg e idade de 8 meses) foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 intervalos de abastecimento de água via bebedouro (0h00, 24h00, 48h00 e 72h00), com 8 repetições. O aumento do período de restrição hídrica proporcionou redução nos consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, energia digestível e energia metabilizável (P < 0,05). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro reduziram linearmente (P < 0,05) com o aumento do período de restrição hídrica. A ingestão de água via alimento, a ingestão total de água e a excreção de água pelas fezes apresentaram um aumento linear em resposta ao aumento do intervalo de fornecimento de água (P < 0,05). A ingestão de água via bebedouro, água metabólica, excreção total de água e balanço hídrico apresentaram decréscimo linear, com o aumento do período de restrição hídrica (P < 0,05). O consumo de nitrogênio e o nitrogênio absorvido foram influenciados pela restrição hídrica, apresentando comportamento linear decrescente de acordo com os períodos de abastecimento de água (P < 0,05). O peso final, ganho de peso diário e ganho de peso total, foram influenciados pelos períodos de restrição hídrica, decrescendo linearmente (P < 0.05). A conversão alimentar aumentou com o aumento do período de restrição hídrica (P=0,004). O fornecimento intermitente de água em intervalos de até 72h reduziu a ingestão e a digestibilidade de nutrientes, promovendo diminuição no ganho de peso dos animais estudados.

The objective was to evaluate the forage yield and structural responses of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw) at different planting densities. The experimental design was a randomized block with five treatments and four replicates, during two production cycles of 12 months each. The evaluated densities were 20,000; 25,000; 33,333; 50,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1. The increase in planting density caused a linear reduction in plant height, width, and mass, as well as in number of primary, secondary, tertiary, and overall cladodes. It also caused a linear increase in cladode area index, dry and green yield, water use efficiency, and forage accumulation rate. The increase in planting density promoted a quadratic effect on cladode thickness and dry matter content. Cladode thickness decreased with planting densities up to 47,500 plants ha-1 and increased from this point onwards. As for dry matter content, there was an increase up to the planting density of 61,428 plants ha-1 and a decrease from this point onwards. The increase in planting density of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ caused changes in structural responses and in forage yield. The use of greater planting densities increased forage yield. The objective was to evaluate the forage yield and structural responses of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw) at different planting densities. The experimental design was a randomized block with five treatments and four replicates, during two production cycles of 12 months each. The evaluated densities were 20,000; 25,000; 33,333; 50,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1. The increase in planting density caused a linear reduction in plant height, width, and mass, as well as in number of primary, secondary, tertiary, and overall cladodes. It also caused a linear increase in cladode area index, dry and green yield, water use efficiency, and forage accumulation rate. The increase in planting density promoted a quadratic effect on cladode thickness and dry matter content. Cladode thickness decreased with planting densities up to 47,500 plants ha-1 and increased from this point onwards. As for dry matter content, there was an increase up to the planting density of 61,428 plants ha-1 and a decrease from this point onwards. The increase in planting density of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ caused changes in structural responses and in forage yield. The use of greater planting densities increased forage yield.

In dry regions worldwide, providing feed for ruminants has been a great challenge, with a need to use plants which contribute to the resilience of production systems. Maniçoba is seen as a potential forage resource in the Brazilian semiarid, being used as hay or silage to feed ruminants. This review summarized results regarding forage production of maniçoba, in addition to dry matter (DM) intake, productive performance, and quality of animal products obtained providing maniçoba based diets, when compared to diets composed by other roughages for goats and sheep. Considering the evaluated studies, the average yield of maniçoba varied from 367 to 1,592 kg DM ha-1, enhancing the forage yield by increasing plant fertilization and planting density. Diets based on maniçoba promoted similar or higher intake of DM and productive performance for goats and sheep, when compared to diets comprising other forage resources. The quality of animal products was also similar to the ones obtained with diets based on traditional roughages, such as Tifton 85 hay or spineless cactus. Therefore, maniçoba allows a forage production that may contribute to ruminant production systems in semiarid environment and promote productive performance and animal product quality compatible to the ones provided by traditional forage plants. RESUMO: Nas regiões secas mundiais, fornecer alimentos para ruminantes tem sido um grande desafio, havendo necessidade de utilizar plantas que contribuam para a resiliência dos sistemas de produção. A maniçoba é vista como um potencial recurso forrageiro no semiárido brasileiro, sendo utilizada como feno ou silagem para alimentação de ruminantes. O objetivo desta revisão foi sumarizar os resultados quanto à produção de forragem da maniçoba, além do consumo de matéria seca (MS), desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos produtos de origem animal obtidos com dietas à base de maniçoba, quando comparados com dietas compostas por outros volumosos para caprinos e ovinos. Considerando os estudos avaliados, a produtividade média da maniçoba variou de 367 a 1.592 kg de MS ha-1, com aumento da produção de forragem pela maior fertilização da planta e densidade de plantio. As dietas à base de maniçoba promoveram resultados semelhantes ou superiores para ingestão de matéria seca e desempenho produtivo de caprinos e ovinos, quando comparadas às dietas compostas por outros recursos forrageiros. A qualidade dos produtos de origem animal também foi semelhante às proporcionadas por dietas à base de volumosos tradicionais, como feno Tifton 85 ou palma-forrageira. Portanto, a maniçoba apresenta produção de forragem que pode contribuir com os sistemas de produção de ruminantes em ambiente semiárido, e promover desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos produtos de origem animal compatíveis com as proporcionadas pelas forrageiras tradicionais.

There have been few studies on the use of diets and strategies to reduce the postpartum anoestrus in dairy goats, especially in tropical semi-arid regions. This review discusses the factors influencing the return of postpartum ovarian activity in goats. The duration of puerperal anoestrus in goats directly affects the productivity of the herd. During the postpartum period, goats showed a puerperal anoestrus due to physiological changes in their reproductive tract to achieve a new conception. Anoestrus occurs as a result of tissue renewal in the uterus (uterine involution) which is associated with the return of cyclic ovarian activity, and is influenced by factors such as suckling of the offspring, the period of lactation, social interactions, body condition score (BCS) before and after birth, intensity of negative energy balance (NEB) and stress from adverse climatic conditions for example; the heat. The period of anoestrus can be extended, due to the delay in the cyclic reproductive activity in the puerperium. To minimize the negative effects of postpartum anoestrus on productivity, we recommend a mating season and a plan for the kidding period, as well as a program to increase the BCS during pregnancy so that the animals will have a better BCS at parturition and a nutritional plan for the lactation period. Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-12T17:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Factors-affecting-postpartum-ovarian-activity-of-goats-in-2021.pdf: 406547 bytes, checksum: 031ccc3434cce2baee2601ddffcddd17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The objective was to evaluate the effects of water depths and irrigation frequencies on structural responses, forage yield and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw), in adensed crop system. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in subdivided plots (3x4) with 4 replicates. The water depths were (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of ETc - crop evapotranspiration) and three water application frequencies (7; 14 and 28 days between irrigations). There was interaction for water use efficiency (WUE) and plant dry mass. Increasing water depths reduced WUE for all irrigation frequencies and plant dry mass was lower for 7 days compared to 14 and 28 days in 25% ETc. Greater water depths increased linearly the plant height and plant width. First and second order cladode length, second order cladode dry mass (kg), fresh mass yield (FMY) (kg ha-1) and dry mass yield (DMY) (kg ha-1) had a quadratic response with the increase in water depth. The FMY and DMY increased up to 77% and 75% ETc, respectively. Irrigation frequency (28 days) promoted greater first order cladode length and cladode dry mass compared to 7 days. Cladode thickness in plant and basal cladode thickness were greater for 7 days compared to 28 days and 14 and 28 days, respectively, without influence on FMY and DMY. Irrigation frequencies from 7 to 28 days promotes similar forage production and water depths up to 77% ETc favors the forage yield for spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana receiving supplemental irrigation. Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-07T12:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Forage-yield-structural-responses-2021.pdf: 820864 bytes, checksum: 7fcf7b9c739af57e660d03cf0cf44e22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects adding tamarind residue to cassava silage on the quality of the silage and its in vitro ruminal fermentation, as well as the growth performance and carcass quality of lambs. A completely randomized design with four inclusion levels (0.00, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg) of tamarind residue (Tamarindus indica L.) added to cassava silage was used. Twenty mini-silos were used to prepare samples of the four treatments (five replicates each), which were opened after 56 days. Forty male lambs were fed cassava silage with added tamarind residue as the roughage and a concentrate (500:500 g/kg of feed) over 85 days. There was no effect of the tamarind residue-added cassava silage on effluent losses and dry matter (DM) recovery rates. However, there were linear and quadratic reductions in pH (P < 0.001) and the crude protein (CP) (P < 0.001), ether extract (EE) (P < 0.001) and ash (P < 0.001) contents and linear and quadratic increases in the DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.001), acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P < 0.001), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (P < 0.001), acid detergent lignin (ADL) (P < 0.001), and tannin (P < 0.001) contents. There was a linear increase in the maximum potential gas production from total carbohydrates and the gas production rate from NFCs (P < 0.001). The production rate of total gases (P < 0.001), lag phase duration (P < 0.001) and DM in vitro degradability (P < 0.001) were all reduced with the addition of tamarind residue in silage. There was no effect of the tamarind residue-added cassava silage on DM, CP, NFC or total digestible nutrient (TDN) intakes (g/d). However, there was a linear increase in the NDF intake (P=0.042) and a linear reduction in the EE (P=0.038) intake by lambs. There was an increase in the DM (P < 0.001), CP (P < 0.001), and NDF (P < 0.001) contents. There was linear effect on the DM (P < 0.001), CP (P < 0.001), and NDF (P < 0.001) contents and a positive quadratic on EE (P=0.018) digestibility. There was linear increase in nitrogen (N) fecal excretion (P < 0.001) and a quadratic decrease in N urinary (P=0.018) excretion and N retention (P < 0.001). There was an increase in the hot and cold carcass weights and yields (P < 0.001) and in the Longissimus dorsi area (LDA) (P < 0.001) of the lambs. The addition of 300 g/kg tamarind residue to cassava silage is recommended because it reduces the production of gases and improves the DM content of the diet. In addition, this diet increases the DM in vitro digestibility and intake (DMI), N retention, hot and cold carcass yields, and LDA of lambs. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T16:05:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TVV2017.pdf: 231968 bytes, checksum: c86dc9227d539110d4b208d4eefcac26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-18

In the near future, ruminants may be forced to consume low-quality water since potable drinking water will become increasingly scarce in some regions of the world. A completely randomized design trial was completed to evaluate the effect of increasing concentrations of total dissolved salts (TDS) (640, 3187, 5740 and 8326 mg TDS/l) in drinking water on the performance, diet digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen (N) and water balance using 24 Red Sindhi heifers (200 ± 5 kg) that were fed Buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris) grass hay and concentrate in a ratio of 50 : 50. After a 15-day diet adaptation period, the digestion study was completed over a 5-day period and the performance trial was completed over a 56-day period. Dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed:gain, intake and digestibility of most feed components were unaffected by the concentration of salt in the water. However, intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre declined linearly as TDS inclusion rate increased. Further, the inclusion of TDS resulted in a linear increase in the intake of drinking water and total (food plus drinking) water intake. Similarly, TDS inclusion levels resulted in a linear increase in total water excretion, with urine being the major route of water excretion. In contrast, increasing concentrations of TDS caused a linear decrease in creatinine and allantoin excretions. Finally, increasing the inclusion rate of TDS resulted in a linear decrease in N retention and a linear increase in urinary N excretion, which may pose a considerable challenge for farmers with respect to the reduction and management of nutrient losses. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T19:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Effet.pdf: 130534 bytes, checksum: e5a99967a176bac9d1b7ff803c1fb847 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-19

This study aimed to evaluate yield and physiological traits of plants and bromatological and morphological responses of fruits of forage watermelon genotypes under different water supply. Seven genotypes were used (BGCIA 228; BGCIA 239; Jojoba; BGCIA 228 x BGCIA239; BGCIA 228 x Jojoba; BGCIA 239 x Jojoba and BGCIA 991) and four water supplies (470; 370; 270 and 170 mm) during the crop cycle. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-01T12:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Responses-of-forage-watermelon-genotypes-submitted-to-different-water-supply-2021.pdf: 1775249 bytes, checksum: fe6dbe5ea5eeebec5c03f64614503c8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The objective was to evaluate the effects of different cutting intensities on the morphological responses and forage yield of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw) in a 12-month cycle, receiving supplemental irrigation. Three cutting intensities were evaluated: cut preserving only the mother cladode (MOTHC), cut preserving primary cladodes (PRIMC), and cut preserving secondary cladodes (SECC), equivalent to initial residual cladode area index (rCAI) of 0.08, 0.33 and 0.69, respectively. The experiment was a randomized block design with eight replicates. The cutting intensities PRIMC and SECC resulted in higher plant height and width, total cladode number and cladode area index compared to MOTHC. The harvested plant weight, forage yield (t DM ha-1), forage accumulation rate and water use efficiency were greater for PRIMC and SECC in comparison to MOTHC. The forage yield for MOTHC was 20.92 t DM (dry matter) ha-1, while for PRIMC and SECC were 37.55 and 33.18 t DM ha-1, respectively. The final CAI was 1.23, 2.53 and 3.55 for MOTHC, SECC and PRIMC, respectively. Morphological and yield responses of OEM Spineless cactus under supplemental irrigation are influenced by cutting intensities, in which less intense cuts (preserving the primary or secondary cladodes) promote taller and wider plants, and higher forage yield. RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes intensidades de corte sobre as respostas morfológicas e produtivas da palma-forrageira Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw) em um ciclo de 12 meses, recebendo irrigação suplementar. Foram avaliadas três intensidades de corte: corte preservando apenas o cladódio-mãe (CMOTH), corte preservando os cladódios primários (CPRIM) e corte preservando os cladódios secundários (CSEC), equivalentes ao índice de área de cladódios residuais (IACr) de 0,08; 0,33 e 0,69, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com oito repetições. As intensidades de corte CPRIM e CSEC proporcionaram maior altura e largura de planta, número total de cladódios e índice de área de cladódio em comparação com o CMOTH. O peso colhido na planta, a produtividade (t de matéria seca ha-1), a taxa de acúmulo de forragem e a eficiência no uso da água foram maiores para o PRIMC e CSEC quando comparada ao CMOTH. A produção de forragem para CMOTH foi 20,92 t MS (material seca) ha-1, enquanto para CPRIM e CSEC foram 37,55 e 33,18 t MS ha-1, respectivamente. Os IAC finais foram 1,23, 2,53 e 3,55 para CMOTH, CSEC e CPRIM, respectivamente. As respostas morfológicas e a produção da palma-forrageira Orelha de Elefante Mexicana recebendo irrigação suplementar são influenciadas pela intensidade de corte, em que cortes menos intensos (preservando os cladódios primários ou secundários) promovem plantas mais altas e largas e maior produção de forragem.

This study was designed to evaluate the nutrient intake, digestibility, degradability, and ruminal characteristics of Sindhi heifers fed diets that contained a combined total of 75% oldman saltbush hay (hereafter saltbush hay) and prickly pear cactus. Eight 12-month old intact male red Sindhi calves (four fistulated and four non-fistulated) with an initial mean weight of 170 ± 5 kg were assigned to 4 × 4 Latin squares, where factors consisted of four diets, namely 15% hay and 60% cactus; 30% hay and 45% cactus; 45% hay and 30% cactus; and 60% hay and 15% cactus, and four times at which rumen fluid was collected. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) intakes in kg/day and NDF in percentage live weight (LW), water intake, salinity, and conductivity increased with hay level. Intake and digestibility of nonfibrous carbohydrates were curvilinear with higher values in diets containing 30% saltbush hay. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter decreased linearly as the concentration of saltbush hay increased in the diet. The pH of the rumen fluid was within the acceptable range for favourable microbial growth. The low temperature and high salinity and conductivity indices in the diets should be viewed with caution at higher concentrations of saltbush hay, because of a possible decrease in nutrient absorption and the development of health problems in the animals. Apparent degradability coefficients of DM and NDF were affected significantly by inclusion of prickly pear and saltbush hay in the diets. Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-07T11:12:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Incorporating-oldman-saltbush-hay-and-prickly-pear-in-diets-for-red-Sindhi-calves-2020.pdf: 938773 bytes, checksum: 61993427762ec33011485d2f2a3f1862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The study of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can identify outstanding bacteria for crops. For forage grasses adapted to drylands, the selection of PGPB can increase the field performance of pastures. The aim of this study was to isolate, and characterise at molecular, biochemical and symbiotic levels, diazotrophic bacteria obtained from buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) from Brazilian semi-arid region fields. Fieldgrown plants were collected, and the roots were surface-disinfected, crushed and inoculated in a semi-solid medium. After the formation and confirmation of microaerophilic pellicles, the bacteria were isolated and purified. All bacterial isolates were subjected to nifH gene amplification and identified by their partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. The bacteria were evaluated for the production of auxins and siderophores, calcium phosphate solubilisation, and diazotrophic ability as ?in vitro? plant growth-promotion traits. A plant inoculation assay was conducted to assess the plant growth promotion abilities of the bacterial isolates. Twenty-one bacterial isolates harboured the nifH gene (nifH+), among which nine were obtained from sorghum, eight from buffel grass, and four from Tifton 85. The bacterial isolates were classified as Bacillus (8), Stenotrophomonas (7), Agrobacterium (4), Cellulomonas (1) and Paenibacillus (1). All were shown to be auxin producers, with 14 isolates showing diazotrophic capacity ?in vitro?. Fourteen isolates increased plant N content, but the bacterial strains ESA 392 and ESA 398 (Bacillus), ESA 397 and ESA 407 (Stenotrophomonas), and ESA 401 (Agrobacterium) were shown to promote both plant growth and N nutrition. These strains are candidates for further assays to evaluate their agronomic performance under field conditions, aiming inoculant production for forage grasses in drylands. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-07T18:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Associativediazotrophicbacteriafromforage2019.pdf: 313806 bytes, checksum: 2ed346497e7e6a31aad7fe8accd0d2c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

This study aimed to evaluate morphological, bromatological, in vitro gas production and yield of forage watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) genotypes in semi-arid condition. Seven genotypes were evaluated were BGCIA 228, BGCIA 239, Jojoba, BGCIA 228 x BGCIA239, BGCIA 228 x BGCIA Jojoba, BGCIA 239 x Jojoba and BGCIA 991. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with three replicates. The genotypes presented differences between the characteristics: fruit length (P = 0.01), vertical diameter (P = 0.02), peel thickness (P = 0.01), fruit pulp thickness (P = 0.02), transversal diameter (P = 0.02), in vitro dry matter digestibility (P = 0.003) and the latency time (P < 0.0001). Cumulative in vitro gas production and gas production rate was not affected by genotypes. None of the studied genotypes had production and productivity affected. Among them, Jojoba and BGCIA 991 stood out for having heavier and longer fruits, and a higher peel thickness and pulp length. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-29T18:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Morphologicalresponsesfruityieldnutritivevalueandinvitrogasproductionofforage2019.pdf: 1444834 bytes, checksum: ee4e664a143b37311cab238cc0d83f36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation profile and chemical composition of old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) silage supplemented with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) scraps or grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in the proportion of 10% based on natural matter. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 7 factorial arrangement (3 treatments and 7 opening days), with three replications. The treatments consisted of three silages: old man saltbush silage, old man saltbush silage + cassava scrap, and old man saltbush silage + grain sorghum. The experiment was conducted at the EMBRAPA Semiarid Animal Nutrition Laboratory, located in the city of Petrolina-PE. Twenty-one experimental silos were used for each treatment; these silos were opened after 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days in ensiling. The pH, ammoniacal nitrogen and total nitrogen ratio, dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, mineral matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and dry matter in vitro digestibility. The additives grain sorghum and cassava scrap increased the dry matter content and reduced pH values. N-NH3 NT-1 values increased as the fermentation processes progressed, and after 56 fermentation days were close to 11%. Silages were classified as excellent in the fermentation process. The addition of cassava scrap and grain sorghum favors the ensiling process of the old man saltbush, providing improvements in the silage nutritive value. During the storage period, the use of these additives promoted a reduction of total losses, inhibition of alcoholic fermentation, and greater carbohydrates recovery, resulting in silage with a nutritive value similar to that of fresh forage, representing an alternative source of additives. Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-24T23:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SeminaGHERMANChemical.pdf: 366431 bytes, checksum: 412dd89e19f7141527b7e0dc5f4d85a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-21

The objective of this study was to evaluate water, mineral, feed and nutrient voluntary intakes, in addition to dry matter and nutrient digestibility and the nitrogen balance of lambs fed three mineral supplements. The first treatment consisted of solid salt residue (SSR) from an aquaculture tank; the second contained SSR from desalination waste; and the third treatment was control, which corresponded to the supplementation of a commercial mineral supplement. The study lasted 20 days, the first 15 of which were used for animals to adapt to the pens and diets, and the last five days were used for data collection. Twenty-four castrated male lambs with a body weight of 19.72±2.52 kg were utilized in the experiment. The mineral supplements evaluated did not affect the intake and digestibility of the dry matter and nutrients, the water and mineral-salt intake or nitrogen balance. Mineral supplements produced from the SSR from aquaculture tanks and from the desalination waste did not reduce feed, nutrient and water intakes or nutrient digestibility, which suggests that these raw materials can be used in the elaboration of mineral mixtures for lambs.

O semiárido é caracterizado pela frequência de longas estiagens, tornando assim, os sistemas de produção dessa região bastante vulneráveis. Diante dessa ressalva e da vocação pecuária do semiárido brasileiro, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre as características produtivas e qualitativas do estilosantes Campo Grande cultivado em ambiente protegido no semiárido baiano. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com sete níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,03; 0,55; 1,08; 1,70; 2,62; 3,52 e 5,0 dS m-1) e três repetições. Concluiu-se que a composição bromatológica do estilosantes Campo Grande foi afetada pelo aumento da salinidade de água de irrigação e o aumento da salinidade na água de irrigação reduz a massa fresca de forragem, os teores de matéria orgânica e proteína bruta e aumenta o teor de minerais do estilosantes Campo Grande.

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of leucaena, gliricidia, and pornunça silages with different levels of old man saltbush inclusion in their composition. A completely randomized design was used with five levels of old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) inclusion (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), and pornunça (Manihot sp.) silages, with 5 replications per treatment, totaling 75 experimental mini-silos maintained in a covered shed and free of opportunistic animals. Silos were opened after 100 days of ensilage, and the silage of the first 15 cm of their ends was discarded. The remaining material was homogenized and sampled for determining the bromatological composition, in vitro digestibility, and fermentation profile. Old man saltbush inclusion levels in leucaena silages promoted a negative linear effect for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, pH, and ammoniacal nitrogen, while a positive linear effect was found for mineral matter, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and propionic acid (P < 0.05). This silage also had a quadratic effect for lactic acid. Gliricidia silages showed a positive linear behavior for dry matter, mineral matter, and total carbohydrates, whereas organic matter, crude protein, and ethereal extract presented a negative linear behavior (P < 0.05). The contents of organic lactic, acetic, and propionic acids showed a quadratic effect for gliricidia silage as old man saltbush levels increased (P < 0.05). Regarding pornunça silage, dry matter, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, propionic acid, and butyric acid presented a linear increasing behavior, while organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a linear decreasing behavior (P < 0.05). Lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations for pornunça silage showed a quadratic behavior according to the increasing old man saltbush inclusion levels (P < 0.05). The highest contribution of old man saltbush in the silages promoted changes in the profile of organic acids, allowing an improvement in silage quality, favoring lactic fermentation rather than acetic fermentation. Butyric acid contents were low for all treatments and indicated the control of undesirable fermentation processes. These results indicate that old man saltbush inclusion in silage composition may contribute to bromatological composition and fermentation process of the studied silages. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-01T18:07:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Qualidadedesilagensdeleucena2019.pdf: 285285 bytes, checksum: 7dd2843108f47c8f8a145768d4d603e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Suplemento 1.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake, di-gestibility, growth performance, and enteric methane emissions of Brazilian semiarid non-descript breed goats (NDG) fed diets with different forage:concentrate ratios (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80) on a dry matter basis. Forty uncastrated male NDG with an average initial body weight of 13.3 kg ± 4.7 kg were distributed in a completel y randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications. Ground Tifton-85 hay was used as forage and ground corn and soybean meal were used as con-centrate. The sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique was used to measure methane emissions. The intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract increased linearly while the intake of neutral detergent fiber decreased linearly as the concentrate proportion increased (P< 0.05). The digestibility of dry matter and organic matter increased while the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber decreased as the concentrate level in-creased (P< 0.05). There were linear increases in final body weight, total weight gain, average daily gain, and feed efficiency (P< 0.0001). Methane emissions per unit of body weight (rang-ing from 1.9 to 0.5 g/kg), metabolic body weight (ranging from 3.9 to 1.2 g/kg), and dry matter intake (ranging from 58.8 to 21.9 g/kg) reduced linearly as the concentrate proportion in-creased (P< 0.01). Decreasing the forage to concentrate ratioin the diet decreased methane emission and increased growth performance of NDG. The 80:20 ratio could be considered more appropriate to reduce methane emissions from NDG, which did not change much at higher levels of concentrate. Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-09T00:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tadeu2018.pdf: 382380 bytes, checksum: dd677aa0889ffe584063b5b44c3dc07a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-19

Foi avaliado o desempenho produtivo de caprinos Canindé e Repartida mantidos em confinamento. Foram utilizados 32 animais, sendo oito machos e oito fêmeas da cada raça Canindé e do ecotipo Repartida, com cinco meses de idade e peso corporal médio de 12,5 kg ao início do estudo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com disposição em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 A raçâo forrecida foi composta de 70% concentrado e 30% de ensilajecion de maniçoba. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) assim como o ganho de peso total (GPT) e o ganho médio diário (GMD) não foram afetados pelos genótipos, mas sim foram influenciados pelos sexos em que os machos apresentaram maiores valores em todas estas variavels que as fêmeas em ambos os grupos genéticos. Os genótipos caprinos Canindé e Repartida apresentam similar desempenho produtivo quando em confinamento, já os animais machos apresentam maior consumo de MS e nutrientes e maior ganho de peso que as fêmeas Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-07T11:11:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Efeito-de-sexo-e-genotipo-no-desempenho-produtivo-2017.pdf: 343559 bytes, checksum: 4cb1bc319d1be455da60b5bdfa46569c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, water balance, and performance of lambs fed diets containing old man saltbush hay associated with a concentrate. Thirtytwo castrated feedlot Santa Inês lambs at approximately eight months of age, with 22 ± 1.97 kg body weight, were distributed into a completely randomized experimental design. Acid detergent fiber intake increased (P < 0.05), whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates intake decreased (P < 0.01). Inclusion of old man saltbush in the diet reduced (P < 0.01) the digestibility of dry and organic matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and non-fibrous arbohydrates. The intakes of digestible dry and organic matter, ether extract, total carbohydrates, and digestible non-fibrous carbohydrates also decreased (P < 0.01). Inclusion of old man saltbush did not influence water consumption from the trough by the sheep, averaging 4327.20 mL/day?1. Body weight at slaughter and daily weight gain decreased linearly (P

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o consumo de forragem, o desempenho produtivo (ganho médio diário, ganho de peso total e peso corporal final), os parâmetros de carcaça (peso de carcaça quente e rendimento de carcaça quente), além da taxa de lotação e do ganho de peso por unidade de área de pastos de capim-bufel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) pastejados por ovinos. O trabalho foi realizado no período de setembro de 2009 a agosto de 2010, com o pasto manejado em lotação contínua. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de combinações de duas cultivares de capim-bufel (Biloela e Cpatsa 7754) e três ofertas de forragem (4, 8 e 12kg de matéria seca/100kg de peso corporal ou 4, 8 e 12%) em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 e delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. As variáveis relacionadas com o consumo de forragem, desempenho produtivo do animal, características da carcaça, taxa de lotação e ganho de peso por unidade de área não foram afetadas pelas cultivares, ofertas de forragem e interação entre ofertas de forragem e cultivares. Em média os ovinos apresentaram 452,14g/animal/dia de consumo de forragem, 59,77g/animal/dia de ganho médio diário, 41,51% de rendimento de carcaça quente, enquanto os pastos permitiram em média 11,78 ovinos/ha com a obtenção de 205,64kg/ha/ano de ganho de peso. SUMMARY The objective of this present trial was to evaluate the forage intake, productive performance of lambs (average daily gain, total weight gain and final body weight), the carcass characteristics (hot carcass weight and hot carcass dressing), besides stocking rate and weight gain by area of buffel grass pastures (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) grazing by lambs. This trial was carried out during September 2009 to Ausgust 2010, using continuos stocking. The treatments were combinations of two cultivars of buffel grass (Biloela and Cpatsa 7754) and three forage allowance (4, 8 and 12 kg of dry matter/100 kg of body weight or 4, 8 and 12%) in 3 x 2 factorial arrangement and completely randomized blocks with three replicates. The variables related to forage intake, produtive performance, carcass characteristics, stocking rate and weight gain by area did not affect by cultivars, forage allowance and interation between cultivars and forage allowance. The lambs presented 452,14 g/animal/day of dry matter intake, 59,77 g/animal/day of average daily gain, 41,51 % of hot carcass dressing, while buffel grass pastures had 11,78 lambs/ha and promoted 205,64 kg/ha/year of weight gain.

RESUMO - Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição do milho por farelo de manga em dietas para ovinos. As características avaliadas foram: consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), da proteína bruta (PB), da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), da matéria orgânica (MO), do extrato etéreo (EE), da energia bruta (EB), da energia digestível (ED), dos carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e dos carboidratos totais (CT). Vinte e quatro cordeiros Santa Inês foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos, constituídos pelas porcentagens de substituição do milho pelo farelo de manga - 0, 33, 66 e 100% -, com seis repetições. A matéria seca fecal foi estimada utilizando-se o indicador LIPE®. Não houve efeito da inclusão do farelo de manga sobre o consumo dos nutrientes e nos coeficientes de digestibilidade. Os consumos de EB e ED, em kcal/gMS, aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão do farelo de manga. O farelo de manga pode substituir o milho em dietas para ovinos, sem comprometer o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, indicando a possibilidade de uso na dieta desses animais como alimento alternativo. ABSTRACT - The effect of replacing corn meal with mango meal in diets of feedlot lambs was evaluated. Apparent digestibility and intakes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter (OM) (EE), gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and total carbohydrates (TC) were evaluated. Twenty-four Santa Inês lambs were distributed in a randomized design with four treatments, consisting of the replacement levels of corn meal by mango (0, 33, 66 and 100%) with six replicates. The fecal dry matter was estimated using LIPE ® external marker. There is no effect of mango meal inclusion levels on the intake and apparent digestibility. The intakes of GE and DE in kcal/gDM increase linearly with mango meal inclusion. The mango meal can replace corn in diets for lambs without compromising the intake and digestibility of nutrients, indicating potential as an alternative feed. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-12T13:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farelo-de-manga-na-dieta-de-cordeiros-em-confinamento.pdf: 149389 bytes, checksum: 965131a74d5be8df7c9af2084b87eb1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito das variáveis meteorológicas e das dietas com diferentes níveis de feno de erva sal (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) e palma forrageira (Opuntia fícus indica Mill) sobre as respostas horárias dos parâmetros fisiológicos e comportamento ingestivo dos novilhos da raça Sindi. Foram utilizados oito animais da raça Sindi, distribuídos em quadrado latino duplo com quatro tratamentos: 15, 30, 45 e 60% de inclusão de feno de erva-sal, em quatro períodos. As variáveis meteorológicas ao longo do dia exerceram forte influência sobre todas as respostas fisiológicas dos animais. Entretanto, a distribuição das atividades do comportamento ingestivo (alimentação, ruminação e ócio), ao longo das 24 horas, foi ritmada pelos horários de distribuição do alimento, mostrando-se pouco influenciada pelas variáveis meteorológicas. O consumo das dietas experimentais, contendo os menores percentuais de feno de erva-sal pelos novilhos da raça Sindi, proporcionaram aumento na frequência respiratória dos animais, sem, no entanto, alterar a temperatura retal.

Avaliaram-se a composição bromatológica, os nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) e a cinética de fermentação ruminal do bulbilho e pseudocaule da planta do sisal e dos coprodutos do desfibramento do sisal (CDS) na forma de silagem, feno e amonização com 5% de ureia e do pó da batedeira das fibras de sisal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições. Os valores da matéria seca variaram de 11,4 a 89,7% na silagem e no feno do CDS, respectivamente. O CDS amonizado destacou-se com o maior valor de proteína bruta, 22,7%. Para o pseudocaule e o pó da batedeira, não foram detectadas a presença de extrato etéreo. Os teores de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) foram mais altos no pseudocaule, 72,7%, e no bulbilho, 69,5%. Não houve diferença nos valores de DIVMS entre os alimentos avaliados. O pó da batedeira apresentou os maiores valores de NDT. Os teores de fibra em detergente ácido, de CNF e de produção cumulativa de gases do pó da batedeira, bulbilhos e pseudocaule os qualificam como volumosos de baixo teor de fibra e alta digestibilidade. The terms of chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro gas production technique of plant components: steam base and braird and sisal co-products: SC (in natura, ammonization, and hay) and beater powder were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. The dry matter values were 11.4% for silage and 89.7% for hay. Sisal co product ammonized with 5% urea present high values of CP, 22.7% and braird, 10.5%. The steam base and beater powder do not present values for ether extract. The steam base and braird present high values for nonfiber carbohydrates, 72.7 and 69.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences for IVDMD. The acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and PCG values of braird, beater powder and steam base characterize as roughages with high fiber digestibility.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os aspectos clínicos, monitorados pelo cartão de Famacha®, e parasitológicos, por meio da contagem no número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), de cordeiros mantidos em pastagem e suplementados com o subproduto de descarte da larva da mosca das frutas.

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of water wells and to discuss the results in relation to nutritional requirements and tolerance limits of domestic ruminants. Ten samples of water wells (three replicates) from Brazilian semi-arid were collected and analyzed for their macro and trace minerals levels. A variation was found in the mineral composition of the waters and the macro minerals presenting highest levels were Cl, Mg, Ca and Na, while the predominant trace minerals were Fe and Mn. The concentration of the examined minerals can provide a small contribution to the animal as in the case of P or supply a considerable amount as Cl. The levels of total dissolved solids found in the majority of the samples can be tolerable for ruminants. In some of the samples the resence of Pb, Cd and Cr was found in concentrations higher than the upper recommended limit for ruminants. Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T23:03:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tadeu.pdf: 185412 bytes, checksum: 352f13c6db1157bc215584b22b5d0841 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-18

O milho se destaca entre as demais culturas pela sua qualidade nutricional e produtividade para o uso em silagem animal. O uso da água de forma racional atua positivamente no que diz respeito ao acúmulo de fitomassa e eficiência de produção. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e a produtividade de biomassa da variedade do milho BRS Gorutuba para silagem, sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação na região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com lâminas de irrigação de 30, 60 90 e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc). Foram avaliadas características biométricas de crescimento e desenvolvimento e de produtividade. As variáveis altura de plantas e número de folhas por planta tiveram acréscimos em função do aumento das lâminas de irrigação. O maior diâmetro do caule foi alcançado com lâmina próxima a 90% de reposição da ETc. Os níveis de água disponível no solo influenciaram significativamente o desenvolvimento do milho BRS Gorutuba para região do Vale do Submédio São Francisco. A variedade BRS Gorutuba apresenta-se sensível à restrição hídrica para fins de produção de silagem, sendo os maiores rendimentos de biomassa alcançados com o uso de 120% da ETc, para o coeficiente de cultura utilizado. Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T00:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laminadeirrigacaov2n32017.pdf: 755541 bytes, checksum: ea17cace5ff52d08367ea67f18ddb3b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-02

A palma forrageira, recebendo aporte adicional de água, pode se constituir em alternativa alimentar para os rebanhos da região semiárida brasileira, entretanto são escassas as informações sobre as respostas produtivas e estruturais dos genótipos, assim como do intervalo de cortes da planta. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar as características produtivas e estruturais de genótipos de palma forrageira em diferentes intervalos de corte. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas tendo os genótipos dispostos nas parcelas e os intervalos de corte nas subparcelas, com quatro repetições por tratamento, totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. O experimento foi realizado no período de maio de 2014 a setembro de 2015, com três genótipos de palma forrageira, a orelha de elefante mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.), IPA 20 (Opuntia ficus indica (Mill)) e a miuda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck) e intervalos de corte de 4, 8, 12 e 16 meses após o plantio. A OEM aos 16 meses apresentou maior massa de forragem (t de matéria seca/ha e matéria verde/ha) em comparação com a miuda e IPA 20 nos diferentes intervalos de corte, tendo ainda maior taxa de acúmulo de forragem e melhor eficiência de uso da água. A miuda teve maior número de cladódios e cladódios mais leves. A OEM juntamente com a miuda apresentaram maiores índices de área de cladódio a partir de oito meses após o plantio comparada à IPA 20. Os genótipos assim como o intervalo de corte afetam as características produtivas e estruturais da palma forrgeira. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T16:06:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tadeu2017.pdf: 396049 bytes, checksum: 6fc68f543ab4661311383659adac7fb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-19

A utilização da silagem de cana-de-açúcar apresenta benefícios que têm despertado interesse de produtores e pesquisadores. No entanto, algumas limitações, principalmente relacionadas ao seu padrão de fermentação, têm constituído grande desafio para utilização desta forrageira. Com objetivo de avaliar a inclusão de maniçoba sobre as características fermentativas na silagem de cana-de-açúcar, foi elaborado experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (níveis de inclusão: 0, 20, 30 e 40%) e seis repetições. Após 90 dias do fechamento dos silos, foram determinadas as perdas na forma de gases, perda total e recuperação de matéria seca e produção de efluentes. Os silos então foram abertos e obtido o extrato aquoso das silagens, foram determinados os teores dos ácidos orgânicos (acético, butírico, lático e propiônico), etanol, N-NH3, NT e valores de pH. À medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão de maniçoba, foi observada redução de 67% nas perdas por gases e de 23,3% na produção de efluente, enquanto a concentração de etanol foi reduzida de 25,6 a 2,7%. As máximas concentrações de ácido lático (2,4%), acético (2,2%) e propiônico (0,03%) foram encontradas em silagens contendo 40% de maniçoba, enquanto que, para o ácido butírico, decresceu linearmente. Em todas as silagens, o pH encontrado mostrou-se adequado ao processo de ensilagem (variação de 3,4 a 3,7). O maior nível de inclusão de maniçoba em silagens de cana-de-açúcar melhora a fermentação das silagens e reduz as perdas fermentativas. The use of silage sugar cane has a benefit that has aroused the interest of producers and researchers. However, some limitations mainly related to its fermentation pattern, has become the challenge for forage use. To evaluate the inclusion of maniçoba on silage fermentation characteristics of sugar cane, it was prepared an experiment in a completely randomized design with four treatments (inclusion levels: 0, 20, 30 and 40% ) and six replications. After 90 days of the silos closing o were resoluted losses in the form of gases, total loss and recovery of dry matter production and effluent. The silos were opened and then obtained the aqueous extract of the silages, determined levels of organic acids (acetic, butyric, lactic and propionic), ethanol, NH3-N, NT and pH values. As the level of inclusion of maniçoba was increased, it was observed a 67% reduction in the losses of gases and 23.3% in the effluent production, while the ethanol concentration was reduced from 25.6 to 2.7%. The maximum concentration of lactic acid (2.4%), acetic acid (2.2%) and propionic (0.03%) were found in silages containing 40% of maniçoba, while for butyric acid it decreased linearly. In all silages the pH found was adequate to silage (range 3.4 to 3.7). The highest level of maniçoba inclusion in sugar cane silages improves the fermentation of the silage and reduces fermentation losses.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e as características de carcaça de ovinos mantidos em pastos de capim-tifton 85 irrigados e alimentados com concentrados contendo coprodutos do processamento de frutas. A área de pastagem correspondeu a 0,58 ha, dividida em 24 piquetes, manejada em lotação rotativa, com quatro dias de ocupação e 20 dias de descanso. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos, machos, castrados, com peso corporal inicial médio de 26,9±2,4 kg e dez meses de idade como animais testadores. Foram comparados três coprodutos do processamento de frutas (goiaba, acerola e uva) incluídos em 30% da matéria seca no suplemento concentrado, além do concentrado ?controle? composto exclusivamente por ingredientes tradicionais como milho, farelo de soja e farelo de trigo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições por tratamento. Os concentrados não influenciaram o consumo de forragem, o consumo diário de alimentos, o ganho médio diário, o ganho de peso total, o peso corporal final e o rendimento de carcaça dos animais. Em média, a taxa de lotação obtida foi 90,96 ovinos/ha e a estimativa de produção de carne por unidade de área foi 2.756,50 kg/ha/ano. Dessa forma, os coprodutos do processamento de goiaba, acerola e uva podem compor em 30% os concentrados para ovinos em pastejo sem prejuízo ao consumo de alimentos, desempenho produtivo, características de carcaças dos animais e no desempenho produtivo da área.

The objective of the present trial was to evaluate the productive and morphogenetic characteristics of buffel grass subjected to different air temperatures and CO2 concentrations. Three cultivars of buffel grass (Biloela, Aridus and West Australian) were compared. Cultivars were grown in growth chambers at three temperatures (day/night): 26/20, 29/23, and 32/26 °C, combined with two concentrations of CO2: 370 and 550 ?mol mol?1. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with three replications. There were interactions between buffel grass cultivars and air temperatures on leaf elongation rate (LER), leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf lifespan (LL) and senescence rate (SR), whereas cultivars vs. carbon dioxide concentration affected forage mass (FM), root mass (RM), shoot/root ratio, LL and SR. Leaf elongation rate and SR were higher as the air temperature was raised. Increasing air temperature also promoted an increase in LAR, except for West Australian. High CO2 concentration provided greater SR of plants, except for Biloela. Cultivar West Australian had higher FM in relation to Biloela and Aridus when the CO2 concentration was increased to 550 ?mol mol?1. West Australian was the only cultivar that responded with more forage mass when it was exposed to higher carbon dioxide concentrations, whereas Aridus had depression in forage mass. The increase in air temperatures affects morphogenetic responses of buffel grass, accelerating its vegetative development without increasing forage mass. Elevated carbon dioxide concentration changes productive responses of buffel grass.

Salted lamb meat blanket, originated from boning, salting, and drying of whole lamb carcass, was studied aiming at obtaining information that support the search for guarantees of origin for this typical regional product from the city of Petrolina-Pernambuco-Brazil. Data from three processing units were obtained, where it was observed the use of a traditional local technology that uses salting, an ancient preservation method; however, with a peculiar boning technique, resulting in a meat product with great potential for exploitation in the form of meat blanket. Based on the values of pH (6.22 ± 0.22), water activity (0.97 ± 0.02), and moisture (69.86 ± 2.26) lamb meat blanket is considered a perishable product, and consequently it requires the use of other preservation methods combined with salt, which along with the results of the microbiological analyses (absence of Salmonella sp, score

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os rendimentos de carcaça, cortes comerciais e não-componentes da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com 30, 40, 50 e 60% de feno de erva-sal associado a concentrado. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos machos castrados, com 8 meses de idade e peso inicial de 22 + 1,97kg, confinados individualmente e abatidos após 60 dias de confinamento. Os pesos de carcaça quente e fria decresceram linearmente com o aumento de feno de erva-sal na dieta, no entanto, não houve efeito para o rendimento verdadeiro de carcaça (59,42%) e dos cortes: paleta (19,26%), pescoço (8,52%), costelas (26,57%) e perna (33,88%). Houve efeito linear decrescente para área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura à medida que o nível de feno de erva-sal aumentou na dieta. Os pesos e os rendimentos de pele, fígado, coração, rins com gordura perirrenal e gorduras omental e mesentérica decresceram linearmente com a inclusão de feno de erva-sal na dieta, enquanto o conteúdo (%) do trato gastrintestinal aumentou. O aumento da proporção de feno de erva-sal na dieta de cordeiros proporciona adequados rendimentos verdadeiros de carcaça e dos cortes comerciais, no entanto, reduz a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura subcutânea, medidas importantes na avaliação qualitativa da carcaça ovina.

Objetivou-se no presente estudo determinar o consumo, digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e nutrientes, além dos balanços de nitrogênio (BN) e hídrico (BH), de ovinos alimentados com silagens de capim-búfel. As silagens das cultivares de capim-búfel avaliadas foram Tanzânia, Buchuma e Biloela. Utilizaram-se 21 ovinos, machos, castrados, mestiços Santa Inês x Sem Padrão de Raça Definido, com peso corporal médio inicial de 31,8±3,16kg, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete repetições. Não foram observadas diferenças nos consumos de MS em g/dia (919,2) e porcentagem do peso corporal (2,9). De modo geral, os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca variaram de 37,7% a 60,0%. Os BN e BH foram positivos, sendo observados maiores valores de BN para os ovinos alimentados com silagens de capim-búfel dos cultivares Tanzânia (5,1g/dia) e Biloela (3,9g/dia), e maiores BH para os animais alimentados com silagens de capim-búfel dos cultivares Buchuma (1,38kg/animal/dia) e Biloela (1,42kg/animal/dia). Os cultivares de capim-búfel Tanzânia, Buchuma e Biloela apresentaram bom valor nutritivo, sendo que o capim-búfel na forma de silagem promoveu 60% do consumo total de água diário do animal. The objective of this present experiment was to determine intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen (NB) and water balances (WB) of sheep fed with buffel grass silages. The buffel grass cultivars used were Tanzania, Buchuma and Biloela. 21 male, castrated, crossbred Santa Ines x Non defined genotype sheep, with initial body weight of 31.8±3.16kg were used, kept in metabolic cages. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven replicates. No differences were observed in dry matter intake in g/day (919.2) and % of body weight (2.9). In general, digestibility coefficients of dry matter varied from 37.7% to 60.0%. The NB and WB were positive, with higher NB values in sheep fed with Tanzania (5.1g/day) and Biloela (3.9g/day) and higher WB in animals fed with Buchuma (1.38kg/animal/day) and Biloela (1.42kg/animal/day). All cultivars of buffel grass evaluated (Tanzania, Buchuma and Biloela) presented adequate chemical composition, where the silage of buffel grass used corresponded to 60% of the total daily water intake by sheep.

A Caatinga apresenta uma grande variedade de forrageiras que são utilizadas na alimentação dos rebanhos muito embora se tenha pouca informação quanto à composição físico-química e digestibilidade de boa parte das espécies. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a composição físico-química de plantas forrageiras de ocorrência natural na caatinga. O experimento foi realizado em área de fundo de pasto do Retiro, município de Uauá ? BA, utilizando-se do delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, onde avaliou-se as seguintes espécies nativas da Caatinga: Imburana de cambão, Barriguda, Catingueira e Pau Colher. A parte das plantas constituída pelas folhas e ramas foi coletada e submetida a análises físico-químicas para a determinação da matéria seca, matéria mineral, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca. Após a análise de variância e comparação das médias pelo teste de Tukey 5%, concluiu-se que as espécies têm potencial forrageiro, mas a barriguda e a caatigueira são mais indicadas para a alimentação de ruminantes.

Com o objetivo de observar os efeitos do sombreamento propiciado pela tela de polipropileno sobre o comportamento de ovinos da raça Santa Inês em diferentes épocas do ano, montou-se um experimento em Petrolina, PE, no período de junho a novembro de 2010. Utilizaram-se 40 animais distribuídos em igual quantidade em dois tratamentos (Sombreado e Não sombreado) com oferta de pastagem (Tiffton 85) irrigada. Foram feitas aferições dos dados meteorológicos em todas as épocas, com a montagem de termômetros de globo negro e psicrômetros nas duas áreas e de uma mini-estação meteorológica na área sombreada. Nessas épocas foram realizados ensaios de comportamento tendo-se feito observações visuais pelo método da varredura instantânea em intervalos de 10 min no período diurno, verificando-se o percentual de animais quanto à alimentação, ruminação e ócio, a partir da metodologia proposta por Johnson & Combs (1991) adaptada para o tempo de 12 h. O sombreamento não influenciou no número de animais em referência às atividades avaliadas nos diferentes tratamentos. A procura por sombra foi intensa nos períodos mais quentes do dia para a atividade de ócio. Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-08T11:14:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Comportamento-de-ovinos-da-raca-Santa-Ines-2013.pdf: 523657 bytes, checksum: f70b9a8582d0875749813abb51a60a6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013

A produção animal no semiárido, a exemplo de outras regiões do País, é limitada principalmente pela grande variação qualitativa e quantitativa da forragem ofertada ao longo do ano; bem como pela qualidade da água e dos solos encontrados nessa região. Diante dessa ressalva e da vocação pecuária do semiárido brasileiro, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre as características produtivas e qualitativas do capim Marandu cultivado no semiárido baiano. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com sete níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,03; 0,55; 1,08; 1,70; 2,62; 3,52 e 5,0 dS m-1) e três repetições. Diante dos resultados concluiu-se que: a composição bromatológica do capim Marandu não foi afetada pelo aumento da salinidade de água de irrigação; e que, o capim Marandu apresenta-se como alternativa em recurso forrageiro estratégico para utilização em áreas salinizadas.

This study aimed to evaluate the mineral composition of solid residues (SR) from desalination waste (DWSR), saline water (SWSR) and aquaculture ponds (APSR), and to discuss the results based on ruminant requirements. Mineral determined were K, P, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na, Cl, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr, from 24 samples, 4 DWSR, 10 SWSR and 10 APSR, with three replicates. Desalination waste solid residue, SWSR and APSR had large variation of minerals. Saline water solid residue and DWSR presented potential to be used as source of Na and Cl, while the APSR can contribute Ca. All examined saline sources were poor in P, Ca and trace minerals except the APSR, showing a considerable concentration of Ca. Some samples of SWSR and APSR presented mineral concentrations that may be potentially toxic to ruminants.

Objetivou-se avaliar a composição químico bromatológica e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, sujeitas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação. Foram avaliadas as cultivares RB 96-1003; RB 94-3206; RB 72-454; RB 01-2018; VAT 90-212; RB 01-2046 e RB 92-579, que recebiam as lâminas de irrigação em 100%; 80%; 60% e 40% da evapotranspiração real da cultura (ETc) em delineamento em blocos completos, casualizados, e arranjo fatorial em três repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por sete linhas duplas de plantio, em que o sistema de irrigação utilizado foi o gotejamento subsuperficial com emissores auto compensantes. Aos 12 meses após o plantio, as canas foram cortadas para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria mineral (MM), proteína bruta (PB), matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), extrato etéreo (EE) e DIVMS. As cultivares RB 94-3206 e RB 01-2018 se destacaram positivamente em relação aos teores de PB, enquanto a RB 96-1003 destacou-se de forma positiva para a DIVMS. Com a lâmina de irrigação de 100% da ETc foram obtidos maiores teores de MS e menores valores de DIVMS em relação às demais. ru Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-08T11:14:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valor-nutritivo-de-cultivares-de-cana-de-acucar-sob-irrigacao-2012.pdf: 77716 bytes, checksum: bc09a9573dd4f91aba7106b59378b0bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros sanguíneos, hepáticos e ruminais, bem como caracterizar e quantificar a população de protozoários ciliados, no rúmen de ovinos alimentados com dietas com farelo de mamona destoxificada (FM). Foram utilizados 32 ovinos, para a avaliação dos parâmetros sanguíneos e hepáticos, e quatro ovinos adultos fistulados no rúmen, para a avaliação dos parâmetros ruminais. A dieta controle foi composta por feno de capim‑buffel, milho em grão moído, ureia e farelo de soja (FS). Nos tratamentos, o FS foi substituído parcialmente pelo FM a 15, 30 e 45% no concentrado. Não houve diferença, entre os tratamentos, quanto aos teores de ureia no soro, cuja média foi de 666,0 mg L‑1. Não houve diferença entre as dietas quanto à glicose, ao aspartato aminotranferase e à alanina aminotransferase, que tiveram média de 690,3 mg L‑1, 127,4 UI L‑1 e 16,9 UI L‑1, respectivamente. Os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal e pH apresentaram padrão linear crescente com a substituição do FS pelo FM. O gênero Entodinium foi o mais frequente em todos os tratamentos e obteve média geral de 76,4% do total de protozoários; o tratamento sem inclusão do FM obteve a maior percentagem deste gênero entre os tratamentos. A dieta com substituição de 45% do farelo de soja pelo de mamona destoxificado favorece o ambiente ruminal.

This study aimed to measure the productive and reproductive performance of does managed to have three mating seas ons in two consecutive years, under an agro-ecological system in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T01:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tadeu2012.pdf: 355516 bytes, checksum: 8aa1b5099fe9602bdcb353b07c0c460c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-10