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Case Report, A 58-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with T4b (descending aorta) N2M1, stage IVB lower thoracic Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma. He was initially treated with definitive chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (FP therapy). After one course of FP therapy, he developed renal dysfunction complications. Computed tomography showed no remarkable change in the main tumor and metastatic lesion. Therefore, radical esophagectomy with resection of the invaded descending aorta and removal of the solitary metastatic lesion was performed. Superior mediastinal dissection, esophageal transection, and left adrenal gland removal were performed simultaneously. The patient underwent curative resection but died of multiple hematogenous metastases 116 days postoperatively. As aortic infiltrates were infected, artificial blood vessel replacement was selected. Although he underwent radical esophagectomy, hematogenous metastases have occurred in the early postoperative period.