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The lipid and fatty acid compositions of the wastes arising in the production of drugs fromAralia mandshurica,Digitalis lanata,Glaucia flavum,Ephedra equisetina, andFerula varia have been studied.

The amounts and the group, class, and fatty-acid compositions of the feebly-and the strongly-bound lipids of the total protein fraction of cotton seeds that inhibits the growth of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. have been determined. The main differences of the indices for the seeds of healthy and infected plants of two varieties contrasted by their degrees of susceptibility to verticillium wilt have been established.

The class composition of the lipids of the biomass of the microalgaMonochrysis lutheri grown under the accumulation regime of cultivation has been investigated for the first time. A predominance of triacylglycerols in the neutral lipids, of phosphatidylcholine in the phospholipids, and of digalactosyldiacylglycerols in the glycolipids has been established. New natural alkan-8-ones of the C36-C50 series have been detected.

In the lipids of the biomass of the microalga Monochrysis lutheri, 37 fatty acids have been detected; the main ones are the 16:0 and 16:1 species, the latter being represented by two isomers. The specific localizations of the 16:1, 20:4, and 20:5 acids in the triacylglycerols and the phospho- and glycolipids have been found.

The class composition and the total fatty acid composition of the readily- and difficulty-extractable lipids and the amino acid composition of a protein hydrolysate of the dry biomass from the golden-yellow microalgaMonochrysis lutheri have been determined for the first time. It has been established that the difficulty-extractable lipids differ sharply from the readily extractable lipids in the composition of the neutral and glycolipid components and also in that of the fatty acids; 27% of the weight of the fatty acids of the latter is composed of the 20:4 and 20:5 species. The protein hydrolysate ofM. lutheri contains almost the whole set of essential fatty acids.

The composition of the fatty mono- and dihydroxy acids of the fruit ofRumex paulsenianus Rech. fil. (familyPolygonaceae) has been determined by a combination of IRS, UVS, GLC, and mass-spectrometric methods. (22) Monohydroxy acids of the C14–C20 series, including isomers and isologues, and four dihydroxy acids from C18 to C20, including a new isomeric 9-OH-10, 12–17:2 acid have been detected.

The lipids of the fruit ofRumex paulsenianus have been investigated. The lipid content of the seeds was 7.8% and of the perianths 0.58%. Of the 18 classes of lipids detected, 16, including anthraquinone pigments, were identified by CC and TLC and by UV and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. The low-molecular-mass triacylgly-cerols dimyristoylacetin, dimyristoylcaproin, myristoylcaproylacetin, and hydroxylipids have been detected in the fruit of plants of the Polygonaceae family for the first time.

The levels of lipids, pigments, and essential oil and the lipid and fatty acid compositions of individual organs of freshly gatheredMentha spicata plants have been established. It has been found that the organs studied have a complex qualitative composition of the extractive substances but differ in their levels of individual groups of substances and components.

The amounts and compositions of the lipids, pigments, and fatty acids in the inflorescences, leaves, and stems and the total air-dry biomass ofZiziphora pedicellata Pazij. et Vved. have been established. The essential oil content of the biomass has been determined. A similarity of the qualitative composition of the lipids and pigments, an increase in the amount of unsaponifiable substances, and a substantial fall in the level of chlorophylls on the natural drying of the biomass have been found.

The compositions of the lipids and fatty acids of the roots ofAconitum septentrionale and of their processing wastes have been investigated. A high level of the 18:2 and 18:3 acids has been found in the root lipids. A technological stage that concentrates in the wastes lipids that can be used as a complex of biologically active substances has been determined.

The lipids and the fatty-acid composition of the wastes from the production of the drug Ekdisten from the roots and rhizomes of Rhaponticum cartharnoides have been studied. The lipids have been found to contain, predominantly, free fatty acids, including the 18:2 acid, and free and bound sterols and triterpenols. The desirability of using the wastes as a bioadditive in phytocosmetic preparations has been substantiated.

It has been established that the wastes from the production of the drug allapinin from the epigeat pan ofAconitum leucostomum consist of nonpolar and polar lipids with a high content of phospho- and glycolipids and free fatty acids.

Oxoacylglycerols have been isolated from the lipids of the seeds ofG. bifida that contain in any of the three positions of the molecule a set of the 9(10)-oxo-18:0, 12-oxo-9-18:1, 9(10)-oxo-10(8)-18:1, 9-oxo-10,12-18:2, and 12(13)-oxo-9,13,15-(9,11,15)-18:3 acids.

The lipid and pigment compositions of crude and refined bleached cottonseed oil have been studied and the influence of the technological treatment on the composition and structure of the components is discussed. It has been found that the color and the difficult refinability of the crude oil are due partially to the presence in it of stable radical dications of gossypol photoinduced in the presence of O2.

The chemical compositions of the waxes and the wastes from the production of lavender and sage oils and also the influence of industrial treatment with hydrogen peroxide on their composition have been established.

1. In the triacylglycerols of the seeds of three species of the family Labiatae, the saturated acids are distributed either predominately in the sn-1 position or in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions; the distribution of the 18 : 1 acid is characteristic for each oil; the 18 : 2 acid esterifies mainly the sn-2 position and of the two extreme positions, the sn-1; the 18 : 3 acid in two species occupies predominantly the sn-3 position and in one species predominantly the sn-1 position.

The composition of ethanolic (I) and gasoline (II) extracts of the cultivated microalgaChlorella vulgaris has been studied. With the aid of CC, TLC, qualitative reactions, GLC, and UVS the following classes of compounds have been detected in them. From the neutral lipids: hydrocarbons, carotenoids, traces of sterols and their esters, fatty acid esters, tri- and diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and chlorophylls; and from the polar lipids: di- and monogalactosylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamine, lecithin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and three sphingosine bases. The polar lipids I and II made up 52.4 and 50.2% of the total, respectively. As compared with extract I, extract II was somewhat enriched with neutral lipids, including provitamins of the A group and vitamins of the F group. In the fatty acids of chlorella, 19 components were detected, the main ones being the 16:0 acid and 18:2 and 18:3 acids.

A change in the geographical growth zone and in the density of the soil has a substantial influence on the amount of lipids in the seeds ofPlectranthus glaucocalyx Maxim. and their degree of unsaturation, and also on the structure of the triacylglycerols.

The composition of the free fatty acids of nine species of the family Labiatae has been studied and it has been established that the combined free fatty acids are more diverse in composition and are richer in saturated components than the acids bound in the corresponding triacylglycerols.

We have previously reported the isolation from the seeds of Galeopsi8 bifida Boenn. of normal triacylglycerols (n-TAGs) and of epoxyacyldiacylglycerols (ep-TAGs) and have given the structure of the epoxy acids [I]. We now present the results of a stereospecific analysis of these TAGs by Brockerhoff's method [2]. The diacyl glycerols (n-DAGs) were obtained from n-TAGs by pancreatic hydrolysis and were isolated by preparative TLC under conditions described previously [3].