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The article discusses the main risk factors for the formation of insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in children. Particular attention is paid to the course and dietary preferences of the mother during pregnancy, the intake of vitamin and mineral complexes, the nutrition of the child after birth, the type of feeding, the subsidy of vitamin D preparations and complementary foods. 1246 children under four years of age with no history of vitamin D deficiency were examined. With clinical manifestations of rickets, 52 children were identified, who underwent determination of 25(OH) D in serum, while low availability was detected in 21.1%, vitamin D insufficiency — in 63.4% of children, deficiency — in 15.3% of cases. There was an interaction between the use of dairy products enriched with a vitamin-mineral complex containing vitamin D and Ca, the use of therapeutic doses of vitamin D, and an increase in the level of 25 (OH) D in the blood serum.

High prevalence of bronchial asthma among the population (about 300 million people all over the world) provides rationale for the search for candidate genes of disease. Human acidic chitinase (CHIA (AMCase)), encoded by theCHIAgene, is involved in the degradation of chitin, a component of the fungal cell wall and arthropod exoskeleton, which, if present in food or house dust, is a provoking factor for the bronchial asthma (BA) development. Functionally significant mutations in theCHIAgene may apparently increase the risk of susceptibility to BA.Aim.The aim of the study was to assess the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12033184 and rs3806448 in theCHIAgene with bronchial asthma in children in Novosibirsk.Material and Methods. The study was organized as case-control. A total of 537 blood samples were used. SNPs were determined by real-time PCR. The associations of polymorphic variants with the disease were assessed by the odds ratio.Results.No associations of rs12033184 and rs3806448 with BA were found.Conclusion.The role of acidic chitinase gene in the development of BA in residents of Novosibirsk was found to be less significant than in the Indian population where it was previously shown to be associated with the disease.

The health basis and correct lifestyle habits, including proper nutrition, are formed in the childhood and adolescence. An excess or deficiency of certain nutrients can cause chronic forms of alimentary-dependent pathology. Childhood obesity results in both short-term and long-term unfavorable effects on physical and psychosocial health. The article presents modern ideas about the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, diagnostic, prevention and treatment methods.

The article presents current data on the features of the nutritional status of children with chronic nutritional disorders such as hypotrophy, paratrophy, etc. The authors describe the principles and timing of the complementary foods, as well as the advantages of a certain complementary feeding, depending on the type of nutritional disorder. Often, pediatricians pay close attention to the organization of nutrition of children in the first 12 months of life, as a more vulnerable period, while the age period of 12–36 months is also characterized by a significant growth rate and high demands in a number of micronutrients. The article provides recommendations on the nutritional prevention of alimentary-dependent conditions, as well as for a child with a “problematic” appetite (poor eater). It provides the approaches to the treatment of chronic nutritional disorders in children through the correction of eating behavior and diet therapy, including motivational training with the involvement of parents and family members.

Each period of childhood is characterized by its own peculiarities of growth and development, the degree of morphological and functional maturity of individual organs and systems, the specifics of physiological and metabolic processes. Rational feeding and nutrition play a significant role in a child’s health. The authors presented modern approaches to the complementary food for children, its timing, taking into account the child’s readiness to receive new food, the composition of the dish, feeding technique, the formation of proper eating habits and behavior. The literature actively discusses the problem of the formation of taste preferences at early age; thisisthe period for the first acquaintance with varioustastes. The article demonstratesthe advantages of using products of industrial production. It is particularly important to overcome the negative attitude to new products – it determinesthe attention of the specialists to the problem of the introduction of complementary foods.Conflict of interest: The authors of this article confirmed the lack of conflict of interest and financial support, which should be reported.

Forthe harmonious development of the child at any age, the dietshall be balanced in terms of the proteins, fats and carbohydrates, and it shall include the sufficient amount of the macro- and microelements as well. The micronutrients are necessary for the functioning of all organs and systems, are part of many enzymes, hormones, immune factors. Numerous domestic and foreign studies indicate to the insufficient attention to this problem; that contributesto the development of deficiency conditions. The article considersthe issues associated with the introduction of products of industrial production enriched with the mineral elements in the nutrition of children.

The article presents current data on an important role of vitamin D in an organism and possible disorders leading to the provision decrease. Research objective: to determine the sufficiency of vitamin D in children staying in hospital with bronchopulmonary pathology without diagnosed rachitis, to show the role of dairy products in a diet for correction of lack of the vitamin D. A total of 120 children from the 1 month to 3 years were examined, in 20 of them 25(OH)D level in a blood serum was detected via the enzyme-liked immunoassay. The average values in infants were 13,3±0,6 ng/ml, in patients in comparative group 25,9±1,1ng/ml. Findings indicate the necessity of correction of vitamin D for children, in particular using dairy products. Enriched milk products provide children’s organism with vital nutrients as a factor supporting their health.

Objective : to examine the autonomic nervous system in 15–17‑year-old adolescents. Subjects and methods : 2015 adolescents (1080 boys and 935 girls) aged 15–17 years were examined. The tables developed by A. M. Wayne, cardiointervalography, wedge orthostatic test, and heart rhythm variability were used to evaluate the autonomic nervous system. Results. The study showed that the adolescents of both sexes (82% of boys and 84.8% of girls) showed an imbalanced autonomic nervous system as sympathicotonia, vagotony, and vegetative vascular dystonia of mixed-type. Conclusion . The adolescents belong to a group at risk for psychosomatic diseases in the future and therefore require a special followup and prevention activities.

A total of 150 Novosibirsk adolescents aged 15 to 17 years of both sexes (75 boys and 75 girls) were examined. The aim of the study was to identify the likely predictors of chronic somatic pathology in 15-17-year-old adolescents according to the data of a comprehensive survey involving the evaluation of physical, mental, and reproductive health. The use of a mathematical modeling method could provide logistic classification models to assess the risk of chrome somatic diseases in adolescents in relation to gender. Psychological factors are of precedence in the development of chronic somatic diseases in adolescents, which is important to be taken into account in the teaching, clinic;) I examination, and rehabilitation of children of this age.

The cytokines’ levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity, levels of lactoferrin, of the circulating immune complexes and the level of antibodies to antigens of the native deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are investigated. The purpose of investigation was to study the pathogenic features of clinical course of chronic lambliasis invasia at teenagers. The statistically significant hypercitokinemia owing to the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with the highest concentration of IL-1β, IL-4, the high level of lactoferrin-protein of acute phase, the occurrence of markers of cellular damage, the high level of immune complexes and the stimulation of humoral link of immune system, the high level of antibodies to the antigen of native DNA, are registered. The obtained data may be used as additional diagnostic criteria of lambliasis invasia at teenagers.

On the basis of the spectral data (1H and 13C NMR, measurements of the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and t1, UV spectra), the structure of tricyclic compounds formed in the condensation of substituted o-phenylenediamines with 3,4,6-trichloropyridazine, as well as two types of isomeric products of their alkylation, was established; tautomerism and protonation of the compounds obtained were studied.

We have already prepared severalquaternary salts of pyridazino [3,4-b]quinoxaline, which have high tuberculostatic activity [2]. Their activity towards conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (strain ATCC-607), stimulating the lung tuberculosis in humans, was especially interesting. It is known that the antitubercularpreparations used in clinics do not affect the conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria [i].