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Soil nutrients in natural ecosystems are spatially discrete at the macro, meso and micro aspects but in coastal dunes, the distribution of nutrients are gibbous and create a patchy environment with specific plants. Sand dune plants indicate the changes in climate and help to understand the ecology. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to document the medicinal sand dune flora of eastern coastal areas of India and their association with soil. The Field Data Book was filled of each collected species and Passport Data Form (PDF) was used to gather the soil characters & uses. The results revealed that 25 plants were common in all selected sites along with 12 medicinal and 2 carnivorous plants. The present study highlights the importance of soil characters in the balancing of sand dune ecosystem and conservation of medicinal sand dune flora.

An overpowering structural consideration in fatigue is the fact that fatigue cracks usually are initiated at a free surface. Fatigue strength is seriously reduced by the introduction of a stress raiser such as notch, hole, fillet, keyway, screw thread, press fits. The fatigue strength is also affected by surface roughness, porosity, inclusions, local overheating. In the present study, the addition of particulate reinforcement (B4C) in Al6061 alloy and its effect on surface roughness while turning on a computer numerical controlled machine is analysed. It is concluded that with higher particulate reinforcement which exhibits better finish, the fatigue life improves. This is in reference to contemporary and previous researchers on the same machinability phenomenon. The reasoning behind this property alteration is the particulate (B4C) acts as a constraint to the plastic flow of material while machining and making an improvement over monolithic Al6061 alloy. The slip line damping improves with higher percentage of reinforcement since the finish has improved. The type of chip produced during machining has also been observed and analysed during the study. It is observed from the study that higher density of Al6061- 4% B4C has a better shock wave resistance to mass ejection of material.

FMCG Companies are fast spreading across the globe and there is a huge need for efficient delivery of goods to the consumers. In the normal context the regular vehicle routing problem was defined for various cities but within a city there is a need for multiple vehicular movements with different warehouse hubs to facilitate the delivery of goods. Often such problems are defined as hub and spoke mechanism. The hub may be defined as the central resource station from which the various goods will originate and spoke represents the various destination to reach out the customers. In this paper we have used simulated annealing approach to design a Multi traveling sales man problem.

The aim of this experimental investigation is to analyse the performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition engine running on petrol doped with various additives. Additives used in this...

The dynamic performance of a high-speed machine tool spindle primarily depends on the rigidity between the spindle-holder couplings. The machining stability of such system is determined by the rigidity at the tapered portion of the coupled joints. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate tool-tip frequency response function (FRF) by considering the tool holder-spindle interface stiffness using finite element analysis. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is carried out on the spindle-tool system with constant contact spring stiffness and the variable structural damping factors. This approach is applied to identify the correct set of interface parameters of a practical spindle-tool unit using the experimental test data. An effective optimization strategy is used to update the finite element model with the various statistical sampling parameters to obtain the rigidity. Further, the optimal data set is identified by using single point simulated annealing (SA) and metaheuristic genetic algorithms (GA) schemes. The proposed methodology can help to standardize the tests with various spindle-holder interfaces by modeling the machine tool spindle.

The world moves day by day toward cloud computing and large data, where it includes huge information sets from many sources such as community medium, company, astronomic, healthcare, economics, depository and many additional field causes. All this information generates processing and use complexities. Due to improved hardware possessions and software algorithms, system throughput, information accuracy, locality, management, examination, storage space, data privacy and task scheduling, many variables can influence system efficiency. In big data and clouds, all these problems generate difficulties. This section describes the issues of scheduling caused by cloud computing.

The need for supply chain management solutions in logistics management is the need of the hour. An E commerce based web aggregation model has been developed which aggregates the raw materials in various pockets through a common vehicle which routes the cities and ensures efficient supply at the low cost. In this paper we have developed an GA and ACO algorithm which calculates the shortest routes through which the material can be supplied to the manufacturing units. Our main aim is to compare the two algorithms and evaluate their efficiencies.

The active research areas for a supply chain management are the internet based product demand bundling. With the application of a ecommerce-agent aggregates and combines the requirements based to give a clear data of supplier requirements from the manufacturers. The analysis of product demand bundling is to offer the entire manufacturers vehicle routing cost in a cost-effective manner. Once the internet based agent identifies the raw product suppliers the next step is to devise a shortest route thru which the product is dispatched to all the manufacturers. In this paper, we design an ant colony optimization approach to solve the shortest route and compare the solution with nearest neighbour solution.

One of the supply chain management active research areas is the Ecommerce-based material demand clustering. Demand clustering technique aggregates and combines the requirements with the application of a ecommerce-agent based to give a clear data of supplier requirements from the manufacturers. The analysis of material demand clustering is to offer all the manufacturers vehicle routing cost in a cost effective manner. Once the Ecommerce based agent identifies the raw material suppliers the next step is to devise a shortest route thru which the material is dispatched to all the manufacturers. In this paper we design a genetic approach to solve the shortest route and compare the solution with nearest neighbor solution and simulated annealing technique

A FMCG company is a fast-moving consumer goods which are fast spreading in today’s society. The challenges faced in delivering the goods to the customer is very complicated, as the customer wants the goods in shortest possible time with minimum cost. Another challenge faced by the companies is that the normal load exceeds due to sudden increase in the demand of the customers. The problem here addressed is dual in which there will be two tsp’ one for the normal loads and the other for the small loads. Normal loads cover the entire tour length of the destinations covering all the customers, however the smaller loads cover only select destinations were the demand is larger. In our paper we have used GA algorithm and nearest neighbor algorithms to ascertain the validity of the GA algorithm.

The operations of conveyed information across the Internet have soar exponentially over the past two decades. Image compression is a significant approach to shrink an image. JPEG is the core prevailing still image compression for bandwidth preservation. So images could be ensued and transmitted earlier. In this paper, the anticipated JPEG algorithms manifest finer conclusions compared to conventional JPEG compressed data in terms of image encoded bits on images might be corrupted with speckle, Poisson, and salt-and-pepper noise. The proposed JPEG compression algorithms are built on image smoothening operators mean, median, harmonic mean, and contra-harmonic mean that enhances speed while minimizing memory necessities by tumbling the number of encoded bits.

Fast moving consumer goods pose a major research problem as the objective is to reach the customers in an efficient manner. The delivery of goods to consumers must reach quickly without any hurdles. We assume that the FMCG companies have multiple number of warehouse hubs to reach its vast majority of consumers. Sometimes a single vehicle may not be enough to complete the tour, hence we may require another small vehicle to reach the small set of customers. The above problem has been modelled as a supply chain vehicle routing model. In our paper we have used ant colony and simulated annealing algorithm to discuss the above problem and compare their efficiencies.

Liquid lead-lithium (Pb-16Li) is of primary interest as one of the candidate materials for tritium breeder, neutron multiplier and coolant fluid in liquid metal blanket concepts relevant to fusion power plants. For an effective and reliable operation of such high temperature liquid metal systems, monitoring and control of critical process parameters is essential. However, limited operational experience coupled with high temperature operating conditions and corrosive nature of Pb-16Li severely limits application of commercially available diagnostic tools. This paper illustrates indigenous calibration test facility designs and experimental methods used to develop non-contact configuration level diagnostics using pulse radar level sensor, wetted configuration pressure diagnostics using diaphragm seal type pressure sensor and bulk temperature diagnostics with temperature profiling for high temperature, high pressure liquid Pb and Pb-16Li applications. Calibration check of these sensors was performed using analytical methods, at temperature between 380C-400C and pressure upto 1 MPa (g). Reliability and performance validation were achieved through long duration testing of sensors in liquid Pb and liquid Pb-16Li environment for over 1000 hour. Estimated deviation for radar level sensor lies within [-3.36 mm, +13.64 mm] and the estimated error for pressure sensor lies within 1.1% of calibrated span over the entire test duration. Results obtained and critical observations from these tests are presented in this paper., Comment: 09 Pages, 19 Figures, 02 Tables

Supply Chain management and E commerce business solutions are one of the prominent areas of active research. In our paper we have modelled a supply chain model which aggregates all the manufacturers requirement and the products are supplied to all the manufacturer through a common vehicle routing algorithm. An appropriate tsp has been constructed for all the manufacturers which determines the shortest route thru which the aggregated material can be supplied in the shortest possible time.In this paper we have solved the shortest route through constructing a Simulated annealing algorithm and Ant colony algorithm and their performance is evaluated.

The high temperature tensile behaviour of Al-Si alloy and two of its composite systems with graphite as major reinforcement were investigated. The composites were developed by the stir casting method, wherein a mixture of graphite (3 wt %) and Cu / Ni (2 wt% each) were added into the molten Al-Si alloy to fabricate two systems such as Al-Si-Cu/graphite composite and Al-Si-Ni/graphite composite. The properties of composites were better than that of the matrix alloy. Tensile behaviour of alloy and composites were studied at different temperatures from room temperature to 300°C. It is found that the tensile strength of the alloy and composites were decreasing with increase in temperature. The transition elements (Cu / Ni) have played the key role in improving the ultimate tensile and yield strength of the composites over the alloy. The flow stress of the composite is more than that of the alloy. The strain hardening exponent value continuously drops with the increase of tensile temperature due to the thermal softening effect. The % elongation of the alloy is more than that of the composites. Fracture surfaces of the samples are analyzed by scanning electron microscope to understand the fracture mechanisms. Fractography reveals that the fracture behaviour of the alloy changes from cleavage mode at room temperature to complete ductile mode at high temperature.