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Introduction There are many reports that patients with cardiovascular diseases including hypertension have already suffered from sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Furthermore, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is effective for hypertension for improvement of sympathetic nervous activity reason. Previously, we reported that SDB is just as, if not more, important as common classical risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus) for patients with cardiovascular diseases (Figure 1). Purpose Our aim in this study is to estimate the real-world data in the management of hypertension for patients with SDB after initiating CPAP treatment. Methods All patients were conducted full night polysomnography. One-hundred ninety-five patients showed obstructive SDB {apnea hypopnea index (AHI) >20/hour}, and CPAP treatment were initiated. According to Japanese society of hypertension guidelines for the managements of hypertension 2019 (JSH2019), we estimated the blood pressure and presence of blood pressure-lowering agents to assess effectiveness of CPAP treatment after six-month follow up. Results The study group consisted of 195 SDB patients (166 males, 29 females). The mean age was 59±7 years. Figure 2 showed the blood pressure and presence of blood pressure-lowering agents after initiating CPAP treatment. Group A which showed systolic blood pressure (SBP) Conclusion We could estimate that there were high prevalence of hypertension for patients with SDB after initiating CPAP treatment. It is true that CPAP treatment have a beneficial effect on hypertension, but 70% patients (Group C and D) still remain inadequately treated. We need the strict blood pressure follow up for patient with SDB before and after initiating CPAP treatment. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

This study shows the effectiveness of the cutting plane method by applying it to the facility location problem with probabilistic constraints. Probabilistic constraints are those that should be satisfied at a certain probabilistic level and can consider the uncertainty of the parameters involved in the problem. Problems with such probabilistic constraints are generally difficult to solve. Therefore, based on previous research, we consider transforming a problem with probabilistic constraints into a 0–1 mixed integer programming problem under special conditions. Thereafter, we introduce the cutting plane method using a valid inequality of the feasible region.

著者人数: 12名, Accepted: 2015-12-23, 資料番号: SA1150343000

We previously reported that intrathecal injection of noradrenaline or dopamine causes enhancement of colorectal motility. As these monoamines are neurotransmitters of descending pain inhibitory pathways in the spinal cord, we hypothesized that serotonin, which is one of the neurotransmitters involved in descending pain inhibition, also influences the lumbosacral defecation center. Therefore, we examined whether serotonin acting on the spinal defecation center enhances colorectal motility.Colorectal intraluminal pressure and propelled liquid volume were recorded in vivo in anesthetized rats.Intrathecal injection of serotonin into the L6-S1 spinal cord elicited periodic increases in colorectal intraluminal pressure, being associated with increases in liquid output. Pharmacological experiments revealed that the effect of serotonin is mediated by both 5-HTThese results demonstrate that exogenous serotonin acts on 5-HT

HLA-C*03:313 differs from HLA-C*03:04:01:01 by one non-synonymous amino acid exchange E161G.

An alternative current (AC) high electric field chamber (HEF chamber, a newly developed refrigerator device) was used to investigate the physical characteristics expected to play a role in the storage shelf life of food and agricultural commodities. The HEF chamber with low temperature design was set at different input voltages (0-7 kV) and temperature levels (1-25°C). At each condition of voltage input and temperature setting, changes of ozone emission (0 3 emission) and temperature in the chamber were continuously monitored for 24 h. Mean value of 0 3 emission produced within the HEF chamber was highest at 1°C with 100% HEF voltage (7 kV). A decreasing 0 3 concentration was observed with lower voltage input (75, 50, and 25%, respectively) and higher temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively). Since electric fields have been reported to extend shelf life of fresh commodities, emission of 0 3 in the HEF chamber observed in this study seems to be a key factor contributing to effectiveness of the combined HEF and low temperature effect on enhanced storage life and quality of fresh commodities. A comparison between the HEF and non-HEF/O 3 treatment, based on changes of physiological and chemical composition and microorganism growth, was conducted to clarify the effects of 0 3 emission on quality of fresh produce. Further development of the HEF chamber may lead to development of a novel refrigerator device for storage of fresh food and agricultural commodities.

The HLA-DQB1*04:01:01 sequence is corrected at position 79 in exon 1 (GA, AlaThr).

Most fruits and vegetables demand low temperature and high humidity, around 0°C and more than 80% RH, when they are being stored. On the other hand, optimum relative humidity for some root and fruit vegetables is around 60-70% RH since they suffer from microbial spoilage when they are stored under higher humidity condition. Water content after long-term storage often does not show the difference between the initial value and the final value although there is much weight loss of the produce. In this study, we proposed a model that illustrates the mass balance of the water within the produce to understand the maintenance of the initial water content during storage. The model was applied to garlic storage and its potentiality was validated through storage tests under different temperature and gas composition.

The PHENIX On-Line system takes signals from the Front End Modules (FEM) on each detector subsystem for the purpose of generating events for physics analysis. Processing of event data begins when the Data Collection Modules (DCM) receive data via fiber-optic links from the FEMs. The DCMs format and zero suppress the data and generate data packets. These packets go to the Event Builders (EvB) that assemble the events in final form. The Level-1 trigger (LVL1) generates a decision for each beam crossing and eliminates uninteresting events. The FEMs carry out all detector processing of the data so that it is delivered to the DCMs using a standard format. The FEMs also provide buffering for LVL1 trigger processing and DCM data collection. This is carried out using an architecture that is pipelined and deadtimeless. All of this is controlled by the Master Timing System (MTS) that distributes the RHIC clocks. A Level-2 trigger (LVL2) gives additional discrimination. A description of the components and operation of the PHENIX On-Line system is given and the solution to a number of electronic infrastructure problems are discussed.

The timing, location and particle multiplicity of a PHENIX collision are determined by the Beam–Beam Counters (BBC), the Multiplicity/Vertex Detector (MVD) and the Zero-Degree Calorimeters (ZDC). The BBCs provide both the time of interaction and position of a collision from the flight time of prompt particles. The MVD provides a measure of event particle multiplicity, collision vertex position and fluctuations in charged particle distributions. The ZDCs provide information on the most grazing collisions. A Normalization Trigger Counter (NTC) is used to obtain absolute cross-section measurements for p–p collisions. The BBC, MVD and NTC are described below.

The electrical properties of high-temperature TiO 2 melts were evaluated using a modified floating zone furnace with four ellipsoidal mirrors and Ir electrodes. A droplet of molten TiO 2 was suspended with two Ir electrodes. The resistivity of the molten TiO 2 decreased in the reducing atmosphere, and with Ta 2 O 5 doping. Thermoelectric power, up to 250 mV, due to the temperature difference at the electrodes, was observed in the specimens with and without Ta 2 O 5 doping in Ar and/or 20% O 2 -Ar atmospheres. The thermoelectric power of Ta 2 O 5 -doped TiO 2 is slightly larger than that of non-doped TiO 2 . This phenomenon is discussed based on the Seebeck effect, the diffusion potential and/or the electrochemical potential.

Electrical conductivity was investigated in relation to percent pured fruit or damage Indeses prepared by manually paring strawberries and stimulating bruising with a 3-dimensional vibrator. The conductivity was associated with the percent pared fruit (0 to 40%) or damage indexes (1 to 5) of strawberries, with correlation coefficients of 0.938 and 0.917 at P ≤ 0.05, respectively. Furthermore, the bruising caused by the 3-dimensional vibrator resulted in increases in electrical conductivity in response to vibrating time and vibrating force. The decrease in electrical conductivity of strawberries treated with the vibrator during 2 d of storage at 25°C and 80% relative humidity may be due to wound healing of the fruit. Electrical conductivity exhibited potential for quantitatively evaluating damage of strawberries during transportation and marketing. Cette etude evalue la conductivite electrique pour quantifier les dommages causes a des fraises par manipulation manuelle ou par vibration. La conductivite est associee avec le pourcentage de fruits abimes (0 a 40%) et les indices d'alteration (1 a 5) avec des coefficients de correlation de 0,938 et 0,917, respectivement. De plus, les dommages causes par le vibreur a trois dimensions engendrent une augmentation de la conductivite electrique en reponse au temps et a la force de vibration.

We present results for the charged-particle multiplicity distribution at midrapidity in Au-Au collisions at square root of [s(NN)] = 130 GeV measured with the PHENIX detector at RHIC. For the 5% most central collisions we find dN(ch)/d eta(vertical line eta = 0) = 622+/-1(stat)+/-41(syst). The results, analyzed as a function of centrality, show a steady rise of the particle density per participating nucleon with centrality.

The novel allele HLA-B*44:184 differs from HLA-B*44:77 by three non-synonymous amino acid exchanges, T94I, L95I and S97R.

We describe the design and expected performance of the PHENIX Multiplicity and Vertex Detector (MVD) sub-system of the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).

The PHENIX Multiplicity Vertex Detector (MVD) provides event characterization, a centrality trigger, collision vertex position, and measures fluctuations in charged particle multiplicities. The design criteria include a large rapidity coverage, good azimuthal coverage and granularity, minimizing material in the electron arm acceptance, and minimizing costs. The MVD contains two concentric barrels of Si strip detectors with two disk-shaped Si pad detector endcaps. Simulations show that the vertex position can be located to within a few hundred microns using hits in the barrels. A channel multiplicity signal is formed for use in the Level-1 trigger. The effect of the expected discriminator performance on this trigger signal will be shown. The pad and strip detectors are read-out with identical electronics. The influence of the performance of the electronics on the detector's performance are discussed.

The physics emphases of the PHENIX collaboration and the design and current status of the PHENIX detector are discussed. The plan of the collaboration for making the most effective use of the available luminosity in the first years of RHIC operation is also presented., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Further details of the PHENIX physics program available at http://www.rhic.bnl.gov/phenix/

Measurements of the cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium spectra at energies from 20 to 800 TeV are presented. The experiments were performed on a series of twelve balloon flights, including several long duration Australia to South America and Antarctic circumpolar flights. No clear evidence is seen for a spectral break. Both the hydrogen and the helium spectra are consistent with power laws over the entire energy range, with integral spectral indices 1.80 ± 0.04 and 1.68 -->+ 0.04−0.06 for the protons and helium, respectively. The results are fully consistent with expectations based on supernova shock acceleration coupled with a leaky box model of propagation through the Galaxy.

Super high-resolution single molecule sequence-based typing (SS-SBT) is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DNA typing method to the field 4 level of allelic resolution (formerly known as eight-digit typing) to efficiently detect new and null alleles without phase ambiguity by combination of long ranged polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. We previously reported the development and application of the SS-SBT method for the eight classical HLA loci, A, B, C, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1. In this article, we describe the development of the SS-SBT method for three DRB1 linked loci, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5 (DRB3/4/5) and characterization of DRB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotype structures to the field 4 level. Locus specific PCR primers for DRB3/4/5 were designed to amplify the gene regions from intron 1 to exon 6 [3' untranslated region (3'UTR)]. In total 20 DRB1 and 13 DRB3/4/5 allele sequences were determined by the SS-SBT to the field 4 level without phase ambiguity using 19 DR51, DR52 and DR53 positive genomic DNA samples obtained from Japanese. Moreover, 18 DRB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotypes were estimated to the field 4 level by the SS-SBT method in contrast to 10 haplotypes estimated by conventional methods to the field 1 level (formerly known as two digit typing). Therefore, DRB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotyping by SS-SBT is expected to provide informative data for improved HLA matching in medical research, transplantation procedures, HLA-related disease studies and human population diversity studies.

The detailed electron temperature profile (spatial resolution: 0.86 cm) of a low density JFT-2M plasma is measured with the TV Thomson scattering system (TVTS). Flat profiles showing the electron temperature shapes of m = 2 n = 1 islands are presented, which are in contrast to that without islands. On the other hand, the m = 2 n = 1 islands are effectively suppressed with local ECRH heating.

Current human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DNA typing methods such as the sequence-based typing (SBT) and sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) methods generally yield ambiguous typing results because of oligonucleotide probe design limitations or phase ambiguity for HLA allele assignment. Here we describe the development and application of the super high-resolution single-molecule sequence-based typing (SS-SBT) of HLA loci at the 8-digit level using next generation sequencing (NGS). NGS which can determine an HLA allele sequence derived from a single DNA molecule is expected to solve the phase ambiguity problem. Eight classical HLA loci-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to amplify the entire gene sequences from the enhancer-promoter region to the 3' untranslated region. Phase ambiguities of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 were completely resolved and unequivocally assigned without ambiguity to single HLA alleles. Therefore, the SS-SBT method described here is a superior and effective HLA DNA typing method to efficiently detect new HLA alleles and null alleles without ambiguity.

The applicability of terahertz (THz) waves to the detection of rust in coated steel plates has been examined. Spectral intensity measurements of reflected light from a sample coated with epoxy resin show that optical coherence tomography using near-infrared light and THz waves can detect the hidden rest region. This region can be reproduced by so-called THz imaging without contact. Since rust exhibits strong absorption in the frequency range from 1 to 5 THz, the absorption coefficient can be used to estimate the rust state with high sensitivity. In contrast, neither X-ray fluorescence nor Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can detect the rust, because of the strong X-ray and IR peaks of the coating. Electro-chemical impedance measurement, which is one of the promising diagnostic methods, judges the water blocking ability of the coating. The impedance value and THz absorption due to rust shows good correlation until the amount of water in the film reaches its maximum.

We have previously demonstrated that a centrally penetrant ghrelin receptor agonist enhances colorectal motility, through activation of the lumbo-sacral defecation center (L6-S1 region of the spinal cord) in rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of the native peptide and its non-acylated counterpart in eliciting this stimulatory effect on colorectal motility.Rats were anesthetised with α-chloralose and ketamine, and colorectal intraluminal pressure and propelled intraluminal liquid volume were recorded in vivo.Intrathecal application of acylated ghrelin to the L6-S1 region of the spinal cord, but not intravenous application, elicited groups of phasic increases in colorectal intraluminal pressure that were associated with increased fluid output through the anal cannula. The effect was dose-dependent. The colokinetic effects of ghrelin were prevented if the pelvic nerves were severed. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of the ghrelin and ghrelin receptor genes in the lumbo-sacral spinal cord. In contrast to acylated ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin failed to cause changes in colorectal motility. However, when des-acyl ghrelin and ghrelin were applied simultaneously at the L6-S1 region, the ghrelin-induced enhancement of colorectal motility was significantly attenuated.It is concluded that acylation of the ghrelin peptide is essential to promote propulsive contractions of the colorectum and that des-acyl ghrelin opposes this effect. At most other sites of ghrelin action, des-acyl ghrelin either has no effect or it mimics ghrelin. This is the first evidence that non-acylated ghrelin opposes the action of the acylated peptide in the spinal cord.

Bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) harvested from the Ohma cultivation area (Fukuoka, Japan) at different stages of maturity (above ground and underground) were used to investigate the amount of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and total oxalic acid in four sections along the length of the shoot. Harvested bamboo shoots were also used to study the changes in total oxalic acid content during storage at both 5 and 25°C. Contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose were higher in underground bamboo shoots than in above ground shoots. Sucrose content in the apical section (first section) was significantly higher than in other above ground sections, while higher contents of glucose and fructose occurred in the most basal section. Total oxalic acid content of underground bamboo shoots was lower than that in above ground bamboo shoots. During storage, except for day 6 at 25°C, total oxalic acid content of the basal section was significantly lower than in other sections. Additionally, at 5°C, total oxalic acid content of the first and second sections seemed to increase during 6 days of storage. The chemical composition of fresh bamboo shoots differed depending on the specific histology of each shoot section and harvest maturity.

A steady-state H-mode plasma with frequent ELMs (edge localized modes) was obtained by applying magnetic fields with high poloidal mode numbers resonant in the plasma edge. The induced ELMs limit the density and impurity accumulation normally observed during ELM-free H-mode. An EML coil with numerous resonant modes ( m 10) in the plasma edge appears the most effective. This method of control is extended to higher auxiliary heating power by increasing the magnitude of the magnetic perturbations.

The typical MHD disruption at safety factor {ital q}{sub {ital a}}=3 has been suppressed by off-central electron cyclotron heating with power of 70--80 kW in the JFT-2M tokamak. For the suppression, the electron cyclotron resonance layer has to be placed radially in a very narrow region of width about 1 cm near the {ital q}=2 surface. The observed narrow suppression window suggests that the basic mechanism responsible for the suppression is direct island heating. The actual time scale of the suppression is much faster than the time scale of the change of the overall current profile.

Mixed transverse(P T ) momentum and rapidity distributions of charged particles produced in 200 GeV/AMU heavy ion collisions are obtained with Magnetic-Interferometric-Emulsion-Chamber ( MAGIC ) by CERN-EMU05 experiments. The P T spectra at different rapidity regions showed no anomalous enhancement of low P T components over a conventional, single exponential function with slope values ranging from 160 to 200 MeV/c.